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No 192 Mar 2013 1 www.sihg.org.uk

SS Canberra: in need of a valve?

SIHG Members Evening 11 December 2012 A Pilgrim Valve in 1961 by Roy Johnson

Half a century ago the author was briefly in- missioning sea trials! volved with the evaluation of a Pilgrim Valve manufactured by a company located in Roches- During the visit it was noted that the centralised ter, Kent. pneumatic systems control consul had been sav- agely isolated and locked away behind a steel In order to lighten the subject for the benefit of mesh barrier under the contention that this was the audience at this “Members Evening” in the one step too far in the ship’s over-sophisticated run up to Christmas, the talk was interspersed design. with a few personal anecdotes and embarrassing moments experienced by a young engineer’s The vessel in question, with so many radical fea- foray into the enlarged world of marine compo- tures, was in fact the SS Canberra which had in nents. addition to the aforementioned relatively insignifi- cant Pilgrim vales,steam turbine driven alternators Pilgrim Valves were pneumatically activated producing 6,000 volt electrics to power the two and an experimental, heavier than water, lubri- synchronous BTH (British Thomson-Houston) cant contained within the mechanism’s piston motors developing 85,000 SHP (shaft horsepow- crown was being evaluated. er) for the twin propellers. Unfamiliar with the scale of marine equipment The chronological history of SS Canberra was the speaker had, on a visit to Rochester, intended briefly covered from the political event of her to collect a valve in the boot of a Ford Anglia maiden voyage when the passenger list of just much to the amusement of the manufacturers. over two thousand included a thousand new emi- Further enlightenment occurred on visiting Har- grants for Australia and New Zealand, to the more memorable occasion in 1982 of her major role in the Falklands conflict. The “Great White Whale”, as SS Canberra (image on page 1) became affectionately known, finally went for scrap to Pakistan in 1997. The scrapping contract however was covered by strict conditions ensuring that “she must never be able to sail again”, which included the cutting up of the propellers but strangely omitted any mention of Pilgrim valves! ¤

land and Wolfe of Belfast. The request for an “oil sample” from Pilgrim valves in service was not treated kindly by the ships engineer who was on a three day countdown to the vessels com- Newsletter 192 March 2013 2 Contents 1 A Pilgrim Valve in 1961 by Roy Johnson 2 Notices Venues, Times & Contacts 3 Diary: 20 March 2013 - 31 May 2013 4 The Burbach Pillars at Redhill Station by Gerry Moss 5 Voted “Best-Kept Lock” in Awards 6 Industrial Archaeology Review Vol 34 Nr 1 May 2012 report by Gordon Knowles 7 Growth of Railways in Mid- by Peter Tarplee report by Allan Wheeler 8 The History of the Surrey Industrial History Group Lecture Series in by Alan Crocker 9 Mills Open National Mills Weekend Saturday 11 & Sunday 12 May 2013

Reports & Notices Details of meetings are reported in good faith, but information may become out of date. Please check details before attending.

SIHG Visits, Details & Updates at www.sihg.org.uk

SIHG Membership Renewal for 2013-14 is now due Please make the cheque payable to ‘Surrey Archaeological Society’ & send it to Castle Arch, Guildford GU1 3SX Membership Form enclosed. You may also pay by Standing Order.

Publication Sales After many years of efficient work in the job, Christopher Mann has now handed over the task of selling SIHG publications to Anne Lea, our Treasurer. Details of publication in print are on the web site, www.sihg.org.uk.

Saturday 27 April 2013 SERIAC 2013 South Eastern Region Industrial Archaeology Conference Hosted by Kent Archaeological Society (www.kentarchaeology.org.uk) At Dartford Grammar School Gunpowder Industry of Kent - Prof Alan Crocker Ship Building in Kent - Richard Holdsworth Historic Aircraft Restoration - Malcolm Moulton Early Years of J & E Hall of Dartford - Terry Young Cement Industry in Kent - Jim Preston Kentish Motor Cycle Manufacturers - Nick Kelly An application form with full details is available on our website.

SIHG Newsletter #192 March 2013 Web Edition This edition of the Surrey Industrial Group Newsletter has been reformatted so that it is more easily read online or printed out as a PDF. Diary entries have been curtailed to cover SIHG, or SIHG related, events only. Other editorial matter is practically as originally published, but some pictures have been replaced by coloured versions. Readers are advised that the views of contributors are not necessarily the views of SIHG ©Copyright SIHG and individual contributors 2013. Newsletter 192 March 2013 3 SIHG Newsletter No 192 March 2013 DIARY 38th series of SIHG Industrial Archaeology Lectures at Guildford starts in October * Full programme with May Newsletter * Alternate Tuesdays, 19:30-21:30, Education Centre, The Cathedral, Guildford Single lectures at £5, payable on the night, are open to all. The first five lectures: 1 Oct Guildford Railway Station by Roger Nicholas 15 Oct Monorails of the 19th Century by Adrian Garner 29 Oct The post-medieval Iron Industry in the Weald by Jeremy Hodgkinson 5 Nov Meccano - “Engineering in miniature” by Frank Paine 26 Nov The Ingenious Roman Wooden Water Pump by Dr Richard Stein The Education Centre is the first building on the left near the top of the road up to the cathedral; enter by the first door you come to. There is easy parking and almost step-free access. Maps at www.sihg.org.uk. Thursday Morning Lectures at - The Autumn 2013 Series starts in October. Enrolment is for the whole course only. Enquires to Programme Co-ordinator Bob Bryson: [email protected]. Venues, Times & Contacts Amberley Museum & Heritage Centre: by Amberley Railway Station on the B2139; www.amberleymuseum.co.uk, 01798 831370; 1000-1730, £9.80. Basingstoke Canal, Surrey & Hants Canal Society: Meetings at the Pavilion, Recreation Ground, Station Road, Chobham; 20:00. Brooklands: Brooklands Road, , Surrey KT13 0QN. Brunel Museum: walks from Bermondsey Tube; just turn up, £8, www.brunel-museum.org.uk. Chatham Historic Dockyard: Chatham, Kent ME4 4TZ; 10:00-18:00, £15; www.thedockyard.co.uk; 01634 823800. Crofton Beam Engines : Crofton Pumping Station, Crofton, Marlborough, Wilts SN8 3DW; 10:30-17:00; £8; www.croftonbeamengines.org, 01672 870300. : Didcot Parkway railway station, Didcot, OX11 7NJ. Docklands History Group: Museum in Docklands, No 1 Warehouse, West India Quay, Hertsmere Rd, E14 4AL; 17:30, £2; 01689 851982; www.docklandshistorygroup.org.uk, Honeywood Museum: Honeywood Walk, SM6 3NX; 020 8770 4297. £3.50. Kew Bridge Steam Museum: Green Dragon Lane, Brentford, Middlsex TW8 0EN, 11:00-16:00, £9.50; 0208568 4757, www.kbsm.org. London Bus Museum: at Brooklands, Brooklands Road, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0QN. London Canal Museum: 12/13 New Wharf Road, London N1 9RT. Talk: 19:30, £3. 0207 713 0836, www.canalmuseum.org.uk. London Transport Museum Depot: 2 Museum Way, 118-120 Gunnersbury Lane, London W3 9BQ; tours at 1100 and 1400; must be pre-booked, £12; 020 7565 7298, www.ltmuseum.co.uk. London Underground Railway Society: Upper Room, All Souls Clubhouse, 141 Cleveland Street, London W1T 6QG; 19:15; www.lurs.org.uk . : Russ Hill, , RH6 0EL (TQ 234 407). 1400-1700. Free; donations welcome. Markfield Beam Engine and Museum : Markfield Road, SouthTottenham, London N15 4RB; [email protected]. 01707 873628. Railway and Canal Historical Society: The Rugby Tavern, Rugby Street, WC1N 3ES; 18:30; www.rchs.org.uk. Rural Life Centre: Old Kiln Museum, Reeds Road, Tilford, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 2DL; 01252 795571. SIAS, Industrial Archaeology Society: Meetings at West Blatchington Mill Barn, Holmes Avenue, ; 19:30. STEAM - Museum of the Great Western Railway: Kemble Drive, Swindon SN2 2TA; 1000-1700, £6.40; 01793 466 646; www.steam-museum.org.uk. Society: ‘Woodlawns’, 16 Leigham Court Road, Streatham SW16 2PJ; 20:00; [email protected]; www.streathamsociety.org.uk. Twyford Waterworks: Hazeley Road, Twyford, SO21 1QA; 11:00-16:00; 01962 714716, www.twyfordwaterworks.co.uk. Watercress Line, Mid Hants Railway: Station Rd, Alresford SO24 9JG or Station Rd, Alton GU34 2PZ. Weald & Downland Open Air Museum, Singleton: , , PO18 0EU; 10:30-18:00; £9.50. 01243 811348. Diary March 2013 30 Sat Rural Life Centre: Steam Toy Rally + demo your working model. Diary April 2013 27 Sat SERIAC: Dartford Grammar School, details see page 2. Diary May 4 Sat Rural Life Centre: Old Kiln Light Railway Model Railway Exhibition . 6 Mon Rural Life Centre; Bus & Coach Rally. 11 Sat - 12 Sun National Mills Weekend, see list on page 8. 11 Sat - 12 Sun Rural Life Centre: A Village at War as D-Day approaches. 19 Sun - July 21 Rural Life Centre: Farm Animals of Yesteryear. Venues, Times & Contacts are on page 4. Newsletter 192 March 2013 4 The Burbach Pillars at Redhill Station by Gerry Moss

photos by Gerry Moss

At the South end of platform 3 at Redhill Station the canopy is supported by a row of 13 unusual pillars (see above). These are labelled Burbach and Tunbridge, which branched off at Redhill, opened so were presumably made by the Burbach Iron and its station in 1842. Their station was at the bottom Steelworks. It seems to me likely the Redhill of Redstone Hill about half a mile from the other pillars are the remains of the original station on station. The problems of changing from trains of this site built in 1858. The Burbach company was one company to the other resulted in them agreeing founded in 1856, so ,if the 1858 date is correct, in 1844 to share a station, Junction, just they are extremely early examples of their prod- before the two lines separated. This was extended ucts. north in 1858 to the present site and renamed Each pillar is com- Redhill Junction Station. The name was shortened posed of four sec- to Redhill Station in 1929. The modern platform tions with a cross- has been extended much further north. section of a quarter The design of the pillar is very similar to ones arc and a flange on made by the Phoenix Iron Company of each side. The four Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. It was patented by together make a David Reeves in 1861 or 1862. David Reeves cylinder of about claimed his idea for the Phoenix Pillar originated, 7 inch diameter at least in part, from observation of iron masts for with the flanges sailing ships, described in British naval engineer- paired and riveted ing texts of the 1850s. together. The flanges look as if In Edward James Reed’s “Shipbuilding in Iron and they were made Steel: A practical treatise” (1869) he describes from half inch wrought iron masts composed of sections riveted sheet wrought Portrait of David Reeves together. However they were round and the plates iron. Dimensions were riveted to a plate are difficult due to an unknown number of coats of paint. Burbach is a town in Germany where the Burbach Iron and Steelworks was formed in 1856. The first blast furnace was blown in 1857. They specialised in making railway tracks, so perhaps the original rails at Redhill were made by the company too. Unfortunately the records of the company do not help with the dating of this method for making a pillar. A Redhill station for the Brighton line was opened (Continued on page 5) south of the present location at Lane in 1841. The South Eastern Company line to Newsletter 192 March 2013 5 inside the iron mast (see below). The result was a much lighter and stronger mast than a wooden mast. Edward Reed (1830-1906) was an innovated naval architect who was appointed Chief Constructor of the Royal Navy in 1863. It is interesting to speculate where Burbach had the idea for their pillars. Did they base them on British Naval masts in iron as David Reeves did? There is another local example of Burbach at Chilworth. The new incorporation mills built in 1885 for the Chil- worth Gunpowder Company include a beam marked Bur- bach 1884. At this date Chilworth Gunpowder Company was a subsidiary of the German Vereinigte Rheinisch- Westphälische Pulverfabriken (United Rhenish- Westphalian powder factories) hence a German source of ironworks is perhaps not unexpected. If confirmed as of 1858 manufacturer they are very early examples of Burbach ironwork and possibly now a unique survival. Does anyone know of other examples of Burback ironwork in Britain? My thanks to Patrick Harshbarger (editor of The Society for Industrial Archaeology Newsletter) for information on the Phoenix Iron Company. ¤

Portrait of Edward James Reed

Sections of iron masts from EJ Reed’s book

Editorial Note Shepperton Voted “Best-Kept Lock” Many thanks to all who have in River Thames Awards sent in contributions. "It's a lot of hard work for myself and the team but it's always worth it Please send in reports or photos just for the lovely remarks we receive." said Shepperton lock-keeper of holiday visits Steve Newman and added: "The Thames has always had a good repu- or thoughts on local, national tation for its lovely gardens and this competition can only enhance its or international reputation for being the best-manned waterway in the world. Long Industrial Archaeology may it continue." for the May 2013 (www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk--surrey-21725659) SIHG Newsletter!

SIHG Newsletters Disposal I wish to dispose of a complete set of SIHG Newsletters from November 1979, Issues 1 to 180. If anyone is interested in having these they may be collected, free of charge, from my home in Bookham. Please contact me [email protected] to make the necessary arrangements. Peter Tarplee Newsletter 192 March 2013 6 Industrial Archaeology Review Vol. 34 Number 1 May 2012 report by Gordon Knowles There is no explanation why this issue has only just concentrates on the development of technology in the been published in January 2013, eight months late. charcoal and coal-fired glass industries and contains There is a new editor, Helen Gomersall, which I descriptions of sites and terminology. assume is the reason. She writes on The Long and David Dungworth, a materials scientist with English Winding Road - Access to Grey Literature and com- Heritage, has a paper on Three and a Half centuries ments on the situation where developers are now of Bottle Manufacture. He looks at the development more frequently required to record excavated results of the bottle glass industry in England. He considers and to publish them. It is the last part that disturbs bottle production from both a typological perspective her. In the past it could generally be relied on that any and through the chemical composition of the glass publication would take place in an academic journal, used. Samples of bottles and bottle production debris although often decades later. Her concern is that often from many different sites have been analysed to de- publication now consists of either an all-singing, termine their chemical composition. The changes in all-dancing glossy monograph, or an article in an the social organisation of the industry are discussed appropriate journal, or more often a single copy in relation to the changing materials and technologies report which is put away in a drawer. This is what she used in bottle production. calls ‘grey literature’. Many such reports can be found in the various Historic Environment Records The third paper is the work of three authors; Hugh and although technically in the public domain can Willmott, Caroline Jackson and Ian Miller. The first often be difficult to access. It is vital that everyone two are both Senior Lecturers at the University of interested is made aware of these sites, and both uses Sheffield, whilst Miller is Senior Project Manager and contributes to them She is concerned that there is with a real danger that we will revert to the ‘Dark Age of Archaeology North. Their paper, Glass unavailable results’ and restricted information. The Recipes and the Output from a 19th Century Glass lack of funding and manpower to set up or complete Works: Examples from Percival, Vickers & Co. the data bases are further worries. Ltd., Manchester, describes the excavations carried out by Oxford Archaeology North in 2003 which The 2011 Rolt Memorial Lecture Dams and Damag- revealed extensive structural remains of the former es: Controversies over Waterpower in Lowell by Percival, Vickers glass works, one of the principal Patrick M. Malone is reproduced. The lecturer is 19th century glass manufactories in Manchester. A Professor Emeritus of American Studies and Urban detailed account of the excavated remains, focusing Studies at Brown University. His lecture centred on on the significant developments in furnace design the Pawtucket Dam in Lowell, Massachusetts, just inherent in the exposed structures, has been previous- south of the New Hampshire border. It is a National ly published in a 2007 issue of the I A Review. An in Landmark and the most dramatic feature in the -depth analysis of the 187 kg of glass fragments re- National Park, the first to be located in an American covered form the excavations was omitted from this industrial city. Without the dam, Lowell would not earlier account, and is now addressed in this paper. have become a renowned example of manufacturing Scientific analysis of the glass fragments revealed prowess. Every dam built across the river since 1825 that a variety of recipes were used, closely related to has been controversial. They have blocked fish the different ways that glass was being worked on the migration, overflowed onto farmland, backed up site. This was evidenced by the various types of water into the wheel-pits of upstream mills, halted log waste. A relatively small, but nevertheless significant, drives and made floods even more destructive. The number of vessel fragments were also recovered, exisiting Pawtucket Dam of 1847 and 1875 is today allowing the output of the glass works to be charac- the focus of a heated debate between preservationists terised for the first time. and a hydroelectric company that wants to alter it. Among the books reviewed is one that may appeal to The three other articles are concerned with aspects of some SIHG readers. It is The Impact of the Railways the glass industry. David Crossley, Honorary Reader in the East End 1835-2010: Historical Archaeology in Archaeology at the University of Sheffield, writes from the London Overground Line by Emma on An Introduction to the Archaeology of the Glass Dwyer. It specifically examines three sites near to Industry: The Monuments Protection Programme Shoreditch station, one between Whitechapel and Step 1 Report. The report gives an overview of the Shadwell, and three more in the Haggerston / Dalston glass industry in Britain from the Roman period to Junction area. Emma and the Museum of London the 20th century. It is based on work done in 1992-93 Archaeology are given credit for turning a grey litera- for the English Heritage Monuments Protection Pro- ture report into a book that offers much food for gramme and revised later in the decade, with addi- thought. The publisher is MOLAS, ISBN 978-1- tions to take into account of the developer-funded 901992-98-4, monograph number 52; 2011 and it archaeological work undertaken in recent years. It costs £14. ¤

Surrey Industrial History Group Officers Chairman & Lectures Organiser: Robert Bryson, [email protected] Secretary: Alan Thomas, [email protected] Treasurer: Anne Lea , [email protected] Membership Secretary: Pam Taylor, [email protected] Newsletter Editor: Jan Spencer, [email protected] Newsletter 192 March 2013 7 SIHG Lecture Series 27 November 2012 Growth of Railways in Mid-Surrey by Peter Tarplee report by Allan Wheeler

Peter Tarplee is a long-standing member of SIHG and In 1846, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Vice-President of the Leatherhead & District Local Histo- (LBSCR)1 was formed from the London & Brighton Rail- ry Society. He has produced several publications of IA way, the L&CR, the & Epsom Railway (C&ER) interest: Industrial history guides of the Dis- and two Sussex companies. Its Croydon and Epsom route trict (1995) and Elmbridge (1998); and the Royal opened in 1847 via , Wallington, Sutton, Cheam Greenwich Observatory (1996), Past Industries of Leath- and Ewell (Ewell East from 1923) to Epsom. The C&ER erhead, Ashstead and Bookham (2010) and Railways had been formed in 1844 to operate a line using the atmos- around Leatherhead and (2011). The talk was pheric principle but it was absorbed by the LBSCR before based on the latter and broadly covered the area east of it opened. Waddon 1863) became the main station for Guildford-Staines and west of Wimbledon-Croydon- in the 1920s and was rebuilt around this Redhill. time. A slide was shown of Wallington pre-1868 when it The first railway across the middle of the area was opened was still ‘Carshalton’. This name was changed after a in 1849 between Guildford and Redhill (then Reigate Carshalton station was opened on the 1868 Peckham Rye- Junction on the Brighton main line). It was built by the Junction-Sutton line. When Sutton’s first station Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway (RG&RR) which was rebuilt, the waiting room was moved from the railway had been incorporated in 1846 to build a line from Reigate to become a cricket pavilion! The present station is the Junction to Reading. In 1852 the line was bought by the fourth on the site. Sutton became a junction for lines to South Eastern Railway (SER) who wanted a connection Epsom Downs (1865), Mitcham Junction (1868) and between the Channel ports of Kent and the Great Western Wimbledon (1930). The line terminated at Epsom Town, Railway. (The original SER main line ran from London which was equipped with a goods yards and a shed. Less Bridge over London & Greenwich and London & Bright- than half-a-mile away, the London & South Western on metals to Reigate Junction then east to Tonbridge and Railway opened a station on its 1859 branch from its main Dover.) The RG&RR was to become an important route line at what is now to Leatherhead. The by the 1950s for inter-regional trains between the Mid- LBSCR route was extended in the same year to join at the lands and Kent. By the 1980s it had become known as the new Epsom station as part of a joint venture with the Line and Reading- services LSWR to serve Leatherhead. After the SR came into exist- became an important traffic generator. ence, Epsom Town was deemed superfluous and was closed in 1929 but its building still survives behind shops The first station to open on the RG&RR was Dorking on and is visible only from a passing train. 4 July 1849, later renamed Dorking Town and then Dorking West, reflecting other station openings in the The West Croydon-Epsom line was crossed by the 1803 town. To the east, and Reigate opened on the Surrey Iron Railway (SIR), Britain’s first public railway same day, with, in the following month, Gomshall & (though it was mainly used by hauliers). It was a plateway Shere, Chilworth & Albury and Shalford to the west. In used by horse-drawn wagons and ran from February 1851, Dorking Deepdene opened as ‘Box Hill via Mitcham to Croydon, with a branch to . In and Leatherhead Road’, becoming simply ‘Box Hill’ a 1805 it was extended as the Croydon, Merstham and month later. It was renamed ‘Deepdene’ by the Southern Godstone Railway to serve quarries near Merstham. How- Railway (SR) in 1923 because one of its former constitu- ever, it never reached Godstone and was closed in 1830. ent companies had a station of the same name on its The SIR was closed in 1846 following sale to the LSWR in Victoria- route. Deepdene received its present 1844 which in turn sold it to the London & Brighton Rail- name in 1987. way. The L&BR then obtained an Act of Parliament authorising its closure. Part of the route was later used by Betchworth is the only station to retain its original build- the LBSCR’s West Croydon to Wimbledon line, part of ings though they are no longer in railway use. Nearby, a which remains in use by . Stone railway sleepers hotel, now a private house, was built. The station also from the SIR can be seen at Carshalton’s Honeywood retains a level crossing keeper, the only one left on the Museum. route. Dorking’s buildings were demolished in 1969 but a former railway hotel survives, now ‘The Pilgrim’. Sidings Epsom race traffic was the purpose of LBSCR’s 1865 were built on both sides of the line, those on the north side Epsom Downs branch from Sutton. Previously, race goers paid for by Thomas Cubitt when he was building his had to walk from Surbiton and . The station was house ‘Denbies’ (1850-51) on Ranmore Common. Those built with nine platforms, all occupied on the first Derby on the south side served a timber yard and gas works; a Day after opening, including by the Royal Train! Follow- goods shed was provided which now houses the Dorking ing the opening in 1901 of Tattenham Corner station Brewery. (much closer to the grandstand) by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR)2, traffic at Epsom Downs Attention now turned to the London & Croydon Railway declined, especially after the Royal Train switched to Tat- (L&CR). The first railway to Croydon, it opened from tenham Corner in 1920. Epsom Downs was reduced to four London Bridge in 1839. It shared the route of the 1836 platforms in 1972, the large signal box was destroyed by London & Greenwich Railway for the first two miles, fire in 1981 and the branch was singled in 1982. In 1989, a while the last three miles was built on the route of the new single platform was built 300 m short of the original Croydon Canal between Croydon and New Cross, where station which was subsequently demolished to make way it joined the . The line terminated at for housing. One of the stations on the branch, Banstead, what is now West Croydon, built roughly on the site of the used to have ‘BANSTEAD SR’ painted on its roof as a Croydon Canal basin. Remains of the canal can still be guide to pilots approaching Croydon Airport. seen at Anerley, and the reservoir built to supply the canal survives as Lake. West Croydon’s origi- The LSWR’s main line through Wimbledon originated as nal building, last used in 1930, survives as a motor spares the London & Southampton Railway (L&SR), approved in shop on Station Road. (Continued on page 8) Newsletter 192 March 2013 8 (Continued from page 7) Notes: 1834. The line reached Woking Common, one mile from Woking village (now Old Woking) in 1838 and lead to 1. This was the London, Brighton & South Coast Rail- the growth of the present town around the station. The way, which amalgamated principally with the London main line was completed in 1840, when the L&SR had & South Western Railway and the South Eastern & become the LSWR. Its London terminus, designed by Chatham Railway to form the SR following the pass- William Tite, was at Nine Elms, but its position south of ing of the Railways Act in 1921 (the ‘Grouping’ Act). the Thames and some way from the City was inconven- This led to the amalgamation of most of the 120 or so ient and was succeeded by Waterloo in 1848. The Water- railway companies then operating into just four, to loo extension was built on 290 arches and six bridges and stem losses, eliminate internal competition and retain had to avoid a gas works, Lambeth Palace and Vauxhall some realised benefits of Government control intro- Gardens. An intermediate station was provided at Vaux- duced during the Great War. hall. Nine Elms became a goods shed. The LSWR later 2. The SECR had been formed by the amalgamation of wanted to further extend to the City, the cheapest option the SER and its rival the London, Chatham & Dover being underground. Following the success in 1890 of the Railway in 1899. City & South London electric tube railway, the Waterloo and City Railway was opened in 1898 to Bank but no rail connections with other systems were built. From Woking, a branch from the LSWR main line via Worplesdon to Guildford (the Guildford Junction Rail- way) was opened in 1845. It was operated from the outset by the LSWR and was extended to Goldalming in 1849, connecting with the Redhill-Guildford line near Shalford. In the late 1830s, Kingston-upon-Thames did not want a railway, so the main line was routed to the south via Surbiton, which became an important settlement in its own right. Kingston eventually got its railway in 1863 - a loop between the LSWR’s main line and Windsor lines. ¤ (to be continued)

The History of the Surrey Industrial History Group Lecture Series in Guildford by Alan Crocker

In 1968 I was a member of staff of the Physics Depart- years, changes in the management of the University ment of the University of Surrey when it moved from resulted in SIHG and SyAS administering the courses Battersea to Guildford. Soon after coming to live in themselves. Francis Haveron, the first Secretary of SIHG, Guildford, my wife Glenys and I joined the Surrey selected the speakers and chaired the meetings. However Archaeological Society (SyAS) and I was asked to ar- when Francis sadly died Tony Stevens took over and range for the Society to launch a programme of adult edu- more recently Bob Bryson. An enormous range of inter- cation evening lectures at the University. I did this with esting topics has been covered, some of which have been Dr David Bird, who had recently been appointed as the on the fringes of IA but still important and neglected by County Archaeological Officer. The first series of other, archaeological, sections of the Society. 10 weekly lectures was on ‘The Romans in the South- Over the years financial constraints imposed on all East’ and was very successful, about 50 people attending. universities have resulted in the fees for using university This was followed by other equally successful courses on facilities being increased enormously and this has resulted such themes as ‘Monastic Surrey’ and ‘Pottery through in the cost of attending the SIHG courses rising steeply. the Ages’. Then I saw an article in the Surrey Advertiser In addition, many of those attending have retired and about industrial archaeology (IA) projects being super- access to the lecture halls at the University involves a vised by Francis Haveron at Guildford Technical considerable amount of walking and climbing. As a result College (now Guildford College). I contacted Francis and the numbers attending have reduced to about 50. For the he agreed to collaborate with me in organising a SyAS past few years the Committee has therefore been looking lecture course on IA at the University. Over 150 people for an alternative venue for our lectures and at the end of registered and this clearly indicated that there was a 2012 we moved to the Educational Centre of Guildford tremendous interest in IA in the County. Cathedral, adjacent to the Cathedral and with a conven- SyAS immediately set up an IA Committee to satisfy this ient car park. This has reminded me that, when the need and it was decided to arrange a series of 10 fortnight- University moved to Guildford, the Bishop stated that it ly lectures each year administered, like the Society ones, was the first time since the medieval period that a by the University’s Department of Adult Education. These cathedral and a university had been established on the again proved to be very successful and we have just com- same site at the same time.

pleted the 37th course (Autumn 2012 and Spring 2013). Anyway, we now look forward to many series of lectures However, the IA Committee soon changed its name to the at the new venue which is not so expensive and should Surrey Industrial History Group (SIHG), still a group of prove to be more convenient. ¤ SyAS but with a separate membership. Also, after a few Newsletter 192 March 2013 9

Mills Open - National Mills Weekend Saturday 11 & Sunday 12 May 2013 www.nationalmillsweekend.co.uk Watermills Open Open Surrey Surrey Cobham Watermill Buckland Windmill Cobham, Painshill Park Waterwheel Charlwood, Haxted Watermill, nr Edenbridge Shalford Watermill Reigate Heath Windmill Sussex, East Sussex, East Burwash, Park Mill (Batemans) Chailey Windmill & Rural Life Museum Furners Green, Sheffield Watermill Nutley, Marlpits Windmill Michelham Priory Watermill Polegate Windmill and Milling Museum Sussex, West Rottingdean Windmill Burton Watermill Crawley, Ifield watermill West Blatchington Windmill Hurstpierpoint, Cobb's watermill Windmill Hill Windmill Petworth, Coultershaw Beam Pump Sussex, West Singleton, Lurgashall Watermill Clayton, Jill Windmill Kent Windmill Dover, Crabble Corn Mill High Windmill Faversham, Chart Gunpowder Mills Keymer, Oldland Windmill Greater London Kent Bromley by Bow, House Mill Ashford, Willesborough Windmill Kew Bridge Steam Museum Waterwheel Chillenden Windmill Abbey Mills Waterwheel Cranbrook, Union Windmill Hampshire Herne Windmill Bishops Waltham, Chase Mill Margate, Drapers Windmill Bordon, Headley Watermill Meopham Windmill Sherfield-on-Loddon, Longbridge Watermill Sandwich, White Windmill Totton, Eling Tide Mill Sarre Windmill Twyford, Hockley Watermill Stelling Minnis, Davison's Windmill Whitchurch Silk Mill West Kingsdown Windmill Bere mill, Whitchurch Wittersham, Stock's Mill Winchester, City Mill Woodchurch windmill Oxfordshire Greater London Ardington watermill Brixton Windmill Ascott-under-Wychwood Watermill Keston Windmill Charney Bassett, Charney Watermill Reigate Heath Windmill Coleshill Watermill Photo © Ian Capper, Windmill Combe Water & Steam Sawmill under Creative Commons licence. Garford, Venn Watermill Hampshire watermill Windmill Stadhampton Watermill Oxfordshire Chinnor Windmill Great Haseley Windmill Wheatley Windmill

The deadline for submitting copy for the next Newsletter is 10 May 2013. Submissions are accepted in typescript, on a disc, or by email to [email protected]. Anything related to IA will be considered. Priority will be given to Surrey-based or topical articles. Contributions will be published as soon as space is available. Readers are advised that the views of contributors are not necessarily the views of SIHG. Website: www.sihg.org.uk

SIHG is a group of the Surrey Archaeological Society, Registered Charity No 272098 Castle Arch Guildford Surrey GU1 3SX, Group President: Prof AG Crocker FSA

Published by the Surrey Industrial History Group and printed by YesPrint 3 Leafy Oak Workshops Cobbetts Lane Yateley GU17 9LW © SIHG 2013 ISSN 1355-8188