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Africa Ix-X, 62, 64, 67, 75, 95-100, 152, 159, 161, 217, 237-238, 245 Index Africa ix-x, 62, 64, 67, 75, 95-100, 152, Black mangabey (Lophocebus aterrimus) 159, 161, 217, 237-238, 245-248, 253- 77 See also Monkey; Old World 255, 276, 279, 288 See also entries for monkey individual countries Blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) 111- Aging xiii, 2, 95, 191-193, 195, 197-199, 112, 119-120 See also Monkey; Old 201, 205, 207-208, 210-213 See also World monkey Alzheimer’s Disease; Dementia; Bonobo (Pan paniscus) aging and, 198, Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes; 212; conservation and, ix, xi-xiii, 1-2, Great Ape Aging Project; Menopause; 55-72, 83-90, 95, 108, 152, 155, 160, National Institute of Aging; 192-193, 243-244, 259-271, 277; Parkinson’s disease copulation and, 192, 217-228; models Alzheimer’s disease 192, 196, 198-199, of human evolution and, 5-14; 207-209, 211-213 See also Aging; personhood and, 286-287; Dementia reproduction and, 203, 217-228 See American Sign Language (ASL) ix, 49, also Ape; Great apes; Hominoid 167-168, 288 See also Gardner; Koko; Bonobo in Situ Project 64, 72, 238, 260 Language; Michael; Washoe Bonobo Protection Fund 68, 81, 265 American Zoo and Aquarium Association Budongo Forest 88, 99 (AZA) 104, 191, 197 Burundi 98 See also Africa Amis des Animaux du Congo 69, 71 Bushbaby 212 See also Prisomians Angola 153 See also Africa Bushmeat xiii, 63-64, 66, 71, 97, 99, 149, Angolan black and white colobus monkey 153-154, 159-160, 162, 165, 172, 217, (Colobus angolensis) 77 See also 237-238, 241-248, 250-253, 255, 259- Monkey; Old World monkey 261, 263-266, 268-269, 271, 277 See Animal rights xiii, 101-102 also Bushmeat Project; Conservation Anterior cingulate cortex 198, 212 Bushmeat Project 172 See also Anthropoid 21, 26, 28, 36-37, 41, 44, 46 Bushmeat; Conservation See also Hominoid; New World Bwindi gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) monkey; Old World monkey; entries See also Gorilla for species Anthropoidea See Anthropoid Cameroon 64, 97, 128, 152-153, 160, Aotus See Owl monkey 172, 240, 243-244, 247-248, 253, 277 Ape ix, xi-xiv, 1-3, 5, 14, 37-38, 40-41, See also Africa 45-46, 49-50, 55-56, 91, 95, 104, 135, Captive ix, xiii, 91-92, 96, 100-103, 149- 146, 161, 191-192, 195, 197-198, 205, 151, 153-155, 157-158, 161-162, 177, 210-213, 227, 231, 237-239, 243-244, 189, 191-192, 196, 205, 217, 228, 246, 248, 250, 275-278, 281, 283, 239, 243, 245 See also Captive 286-290 See also Gibbon; Great Apes; management; Captive Breeding Hominoid; species entries Specialist Group; Sanctuaries; Zoos Aquinas, Thomas 286 Captive Breeding Specialist Group Aristotle 285 (CBSG) 158 See also Captive ASL See American Sign Language Captive management 151, 158, 228 See also Captive Baboon 25, 111, 117, 212 See also Capuchin (Cebus) 37, 108 See also Monkey; Old World monkey; Monkey; New World monkey Savannah baboon; Yellow baboon Cardiovascular disease 153, 196, 202 See Basankusu 61, 68, 72, 238, 262, 266-272 also Aging See also Democratic Republic of CBSG See Captive Breeding Specialist Congo Group Biomedical research 95, 101-101, 197 Cebus See Capuchin Blackback gorilla See Gorilla Census 55-56, 84-86, 88-89, 122, 124, 217, 271 See also Nest count 293 294 Index Center for Reproduction of Endangered Conservation xixiii, 2, 30, 55, 57-58, 62, Species (CRES) 217-217, 227 65-72, 75, 77-81, 91, 96, 99-100, 151- Central African Republic 11, 153, 159, 152, 158-161, 171-174, 191, 228, 237- 277-280 See also Africa 239, 241-242, 244-255, 260-261, 265, Central Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes 270, 272 See also Bushmeat Project; troglodytes) See Chimpanzee Confiscation; Convention on Cercopithecoidea See Old World monkey International Trade in Endangered Cercopithecus aethiops See Vervet Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; monkey Endangered species; Species Survival Cercopithecus ascanius See Red-tailed Plan monkey Convention on International Trade in Cercopithecus mitis See Blue monkey Endangered Species of Wild Fauna Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): aging and Flora (CITES) 102, 238, 251-252, and, 193, 202-203, 210-213; 278-280 See also Confiscation; cannibalism and, 111; census and, 85, Conservation; Endaghered Species 87-88; coalition and, 125; cognition Convergence (in evolutionary theory) 14, and 47, 131-146, 167, 170; 22, 202, 262 conservation and, ix, xi-xii, 55-57, 60, Cote d’Ivoire See Ivory Coast 62, 67-68, 76, 91-92, 95-106, 152, Coulston Foundation 102, 197 154-157, 159-160, 165, 177, 238, 243- CRES See Center for Reproduction of 247, 249, 255, 259-260, 277, 280-281; Endangered Species copulation and, 193, 231-235; Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla entertanment industry and, 91, 95, diehli) See Gorilla 100, 103, 246, 248; language and, 167; models of human evolution and, Declaration on Great Apes 286 1-2, 5-14, 275; predation (hunting) Dementia 207 See also Aging; and, 13, 91-92, 107-126; personhood Alzheimer’s Disease and, 283-290; primate evolution and, Democratic Republic of Congo 57, 63-64, 19-21, 25, 27-31; sexual behavior and, 67, 69-72, 75, 80, 83, 85, 159, 238, 193, 196-198, 232-234; sharing and, 257, 271, 276-277, 279-280 See also 110 See also Ape; Great ape; Africa; Basankusu; Isamondje; Hominoid Kinshasa;Zaire Christian Environmental Council 250, Descartes, René 283 256 Diabetes 144, 192, 196, 201-202, 204- CITES See Convention on International 205 See also Aging; National Institute Trade in Endangered Species of Wild on Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Fauna and Flora Disorders Cognition 2-3, 35, 49-50, 92, 149, 166, Diet See Nutrition 170, 195-196, 198-199 See also Disease 97-98, 99, 110, 153-154, 191- Cognitive maps; Self-awareness 192, 196-199, 202, 205, 207-209, 211- Cognitive maps 132 See also Cognition 213, 238, 249, 289 See also Captive Colobus angolensis See Angolan black Management and white colobus monkey DNA 1-2, 19, 29-30, 278-281, 287 Colobus badius See Red colobus monkey Dominance 13, 193, 231, 235 Confiscation 70-71, 100-101, 278 See also Convention on International East Nigeria – West Cameroon Trade in Endangered Species of Wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes Fauna and Flora vellerosus) See Chimpanzee Congo 55, 57-59, 61, 63, 69, 71-72, 75, Eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes 83, 85, 78, 89, 153, 159, 210, 238, schweinfurthii) See Chimpanzee 243, 245, 253, 259, 261-262, 264, Endangered species 70, 165, 217, 251, 271-272, 276, 278 See also Africa 262 See also Conservation Congo River 55, 58-59, 61, 63, 71, 259 Index 295 Entebbe Wildlife Education Center 99 Ape; Gibbon; Great ape; Hominid; Epictetus 284 See also species entries Equatorial Guinea 153 See also Africa Homo 11, 13, 19-21, 25, 27-30, 35, 37, Erythrocebus patas See Patas monkey 275, 284, 287 See also Hominid; Estrogen 192, 218-221, 225-228 Homo sapiens Homo sapiens 29, 37, 275, 284, 287 See Gabon 64, 153, 159, 244 See also Africa also Hominid; Homo Galago 114 See also Prosimians Hunting xiii, 13, 55, 58, 61-65, 70-71, 77- Gardner, Beatrice and Allen R. 167 See 79, 83, 87-88, 91-92, 98-99, 108-110, also American Sign Language; 114-118, 120, 122, 124-126, 149, 166, Washoe 172, 237-239, 242-245, 247-248, 253, Gibbon (Hylobatidae) ix, 2-3, 5, 25, 37, 261-267, 270-271, 276-278, 280 See 41, 45, 47, 50, 203, 212 See also Ape; also Bushmeat Hominoid; Siamang Hylobatidae See Gibbon Gorilla (Gorilla): aging and, 198, 203, 211-212; captive management and, In Defense of Animals 102 153-158; cognition and, 2, 37, 49, Infections See Disease 149-151, 165-175; conservation and, Institut Congolais pour la Conservation ix, xii, 62, 70, 95, 149-162, 238-239, de la Nature 68 242-245, 247-249, 255, 275-281; International Species Inventory System models of human evolution and, 1, 5- 197 12; moral status and, 160-161; Isamondje 59, 260 See also Domocratic personhood and, 283-290; primate Republic of Congo evolution and, 25, 27; social behavior ISIS See International Species Inventory and, 177-189 System Gorilla beringei beringei See Gorilla IUCN See World Conservation Union Gorilla beringei graueri See Gorilla Ivory Coast 98, 107 See also Africa Gorilla gorilla diehli See Gorilla Iyema-Lomako 59, 63, 260 Gorilla gorilla gorilla See Gorilla Gorilla Foundation 151, 154, 156, 158, Kant, Imanuel 283, 287 160-162, 166, 169, 171, 173 Kenya 98, 277-281 See also Africa Grauer’s gorilla (Gorilla beringei Kibale 85, 87, 89, 99 graueri) See Gorilla Kinshasa 60, 65-66, 68-72, 238, 244, 263, Great Ape Aging Project 191-192, 195- 265-266, 272, 277-279 See also 197, 205, 210-213 See also Aging Democratic Republic of Congo Great apes ix-xiii, 2-3, 9-11, 45, 47-50, Koko 149, 151, 155-156, 160-162, 165- 70, 72, 95-96, 135, 151, 156, 161-162, 175, 248, 288 See also American Sign 167, 170, 174, 177, 191-192, 195-199, Language; Language; Michael; 201-205, 207-213, 217, 231, 237-239, Washoe 242, 245-247, 276, 286-290 See also Ape; Hominoid; See also species Language 3, 48-49, 78, 91, 131-133, 149, entries 155, 158, 160, 165-172, 277, 288 See also American Sign Language; Koko; Habitat destruction 58, 95, 217, 237 See Michael; Washoe also Logging Lemur 212 See also Prosimians Habituation 98 Lesser apes See Gibbon Hominid xiii, 13-14, 20, 192, 212, 255, Logging 56, 62-64, 67, 70, 76, 97, 99, 275 See also Hominoid; Homo; Homo 153, 159-160, 237-238, 242-245, 253, sapiens 258, 260-264, 271 See also Habitat Hominidae See Hominid Destruction Hominoid 3, 5-6, 20, 21, 27, 35, 38-42, 44-47, 50, 275 See also Anthropoid; 296 Index Lomako Forest 62-63, 67-68, 80, 87, 259- Necropsy 197, 204 262, 270-271 See also Lomoko Nest count 56, 61, 85, 87-89 See also Reserve Census Lomako Forest Pygmy Chimpanzee Neurobiology 195, 198-199 Project 59, 67, 260, 262 New Iberia Research Center
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