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IOP, Quarks Leptons and the Big Bang (2002) 2Ed Een
Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang Second Edition Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang Second Edition Jonathan Allday The King’s School, Canterbury Institute of Physics Publishing Bristol and Philadelphia c IOP Publishing Ltd 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Multiple copying is permitted in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency under the terms of its agreement with the Committee of Vice- Chancellors and Principals. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 7503 0806 0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data are available First edition printed 1998 First edition reprinted with minor corrections 1999 Commissioning Editor: James Revill Production Editor: Simon Laurenson Production Control: Sarah Plenty Cover Design: Fr´ed´erique Swist Marketing Executive: Laura Serratrice Published by Institute of Physics Publishing, wholly owned by The Institute of Physics, London Institute of Physics Publishing, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS1 6BE, UK US Office: Institute of Physics Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 1035, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Typeset in LATEX2ε by Text 2 Text, Torquay, Devon Printed in the UK by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall Contents -
A Joint Fermilab/SLAC Publication Dimensions of Particle Physics Issue
dimensions volume 03 of particle physics symmetryA joint Fermilab/SLAC publication issue 05 june/july 06 Cover Physicists at Fermilab ponder the physics of the proposed International Linear Collider, as outlined in the report Discovering the Quantum Universe. Photos: Reidar Hahn, Fermilab Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy volume 03 | issue 05 | june/july 06 symmetryA joint Fermilab/SLAC publication 3 Commentary: John Beacom “In a global fi eld, keeping up with all the literature is impossible. Personal contact is essential, and I always urge students and postdocs to go to meetings and talk to strangers.” 4 Signal to Background An industrial waterfall; education by placemats; a super-clean surface; horned owls; Garden Club for particle physicists; Nobel banners; US Congress meets Quantum Universe. 8 Voices: Milestones vs. History Celebrating a milestone is always enjoyable, but a complete and accurate historical record is invalu- able for the past to inform the future. 10 A Report Like No Other Can the unique EPP2010 panel steer US particle physics away from a looming crisis? Physicists and policy makers are depending on it. 14 SNS: Neutrons for ‘molecular movies’ A new research facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has produced its fi rst neutrons, presenting new opportunities for studying materials from semiconductors to human enzymes. 20 Battling the Clouds Electron clouds could reduce the brightness—and discovery potential—of the proposed International Linear Collider. Innovative solutions are on the way and might reduce the cost of the machine, too. 24 A (Magnus) Force on the Mound Professional baseball player Jeff Francis of the Colorado Rockies brings a strong arm and a physics background to the playing fi eld: “I bet Einstein couldn’t throw a curveball.” 26 Deconstruction: Spallation Neutron Source Accelerator-based neutron sources such as the SNS can provide pulses of neutrons to probe superconductors, aluminum bridges, lighter and stronger plastic products, and pharmaceuticals. -
US Neutron Facility Development in the Last Half-Century: a Cautionary Tale
Phys. Perspect. Ó 2015 The Author(s). This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com DOI 10.1007/s00016-015-0158-8 Physics in Perspective US Neutron Facility Development in the Last Half-Century: A Cautionary Tale John J. Rush* Large multi-user facilities serve many thousands of researchers in fields from particle physics to fundamental biology. The great expense—up to billions of current-day dollars— and the complexity of such facilities required access to extensive engineering and research infrastructures, most often found at national laboratories and the largest research univer- sities. Although the development of such facilities has been largely successful and the research results unique and often spectacular, the processes for choosing, funding, and locating them were complex and not always productive. In this review, I describe the troubled efforts over the past fifty years to develop neutron research facilities in the United States. During this period, the US has moved from a preeminent position in neutron-based science to a lesser status with respect to Europe. Several major US centers of excellence have been shut down and replaced with more focused capabilities. I compare the US efforts in neutron facilities with parallel developments in Europe and Asia, discuss the reasons for this state of affairs, and make some suggestions to help prevent similar consequences in the future. Key words: neutron research; national laboratories; Department of Energy; National Institute of Standards and Technology; research reactors; spallation neutron sources; Institut Laue-Langevin; National Academy of Sciences. Introduction A major element in the great expansion both of US and international science since the Second World War has been the development of large multi-user facilities to serve many thousands of researchers around the world with applications in almost all fields, ranging from particle physics to fundamental biology. -
AC2 Report to IUPAP 2016.Pages
Report of Affiliated Commission AC.2 for 2015-16 submitted by Beverly K. Berger, Secretary The principal event of the year for the International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation (AC2) was the triennial GR conference. The 21st International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation, GR21, was held 10 – 15 July 2016 at Columbia University. The scientific highlights of the meeting were talks and activities related to the first direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration—a momentous celebration of the Centennial of Einstein's first presentation of general relativity in November 1915. Approximately 650 registered participants attended the meeting. Sponsorship from IUPAP for this meeting, and AC2's own limited funds, assisted some of these participants. As usual, the conference had plenary talks in the morning, covering the whole field of AC2's interests. In the afternoons there were parallel contributed papers and poster sessions. There were 15 plenary talks (5 of the speakers being women) and 17 parallel sessions (7 of the chairs being women). Abstracts of all submissions became available online1 after the meeting. The abstracts of all parallel session talks and posters and the slides from the parallel session talks are available on the conference website.2 Slides from the plenary talks will be available soon. During the meeting, several prize winners were honored by AC2 and GWIC (WG11): The IUPAP Young Scientist Prize in General Relativity and Gravitation was first awarded at GR20 in 2013. The three winners since then, Jorge Santos, Stanford University and Cambridge University (2014), Nicolas Yunes, Montana State University (2015), and Ivan Agullo, Louisiana State University (2016) were recognized at the meeting. -
Consistent Discretizations and Quantum Gravity 3 Singularity, the Value of the Lapse Gets Modified and Therefore the “Lattice Spacing” Before and After Is Different
Proceedings of the II International Conference on Fundamental Interactions Pedra Azul, Brazil, June 2004 Canonical quantum gravity and consistent discretizations Rodolfo Gambini Instituto de F´ısica, Facultad de Ciencias, Igua esq. Mataojo, Montevideo, Uruguay Jorge Pullin Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA We review a recent proposal for the construction of a quantum theory of the gravita- tional field. The proposal is based on approximating the continuum theory by a discrete theory that has several attractive properties, among them, the fact that in its canonical formulation it is free of constraints. This allows to bypass many of the hard conceptual problems of traditional canonical quantum gravity. In particular the resulting theory im- plies a fundamental mechanism for decoherence and bypasses the black hole information paradox. Keywords: canonical, quantum gravity, new variables, loop quantization 1. Introduction Discretizations are very commonly used as a tool to treat field theories. Classically, when one wishes to solve the equations of a theory on a computer, one replaces arXiv:gr-qc/0408025v1 9 Aug 2004 the continuum equations by discrete approximations to be solved numerically. At the level of quantization, lattices have been used to regularize the infinities that plague field theories. This has been a very successful approach for treating Yang– Mills theories. The current approaches to non-perturbatively construct in detail a mathematically well defined theory of quantum gravity both at the canonical level 1 and at the path integral level 2 resort to discretizations to regularize the theory. Discretizing general relativity is more subtle than what one initially thinks. -
Jorge Pullin Horace Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State University
Complete quantization of vacuum spherically symmetric gravity Jorge Pullin Horace Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Louisiana State University With Rodolfo Gambini University of the Republic of Uruguay In spite of their simplicity, spherically symmetric vacuum space-times are challenging to quantize. One has a Hamiltonian and (one) diffeomorphism constraint and, like those in the full theory, they do not form a Lie algebra. Therefore a traditional Dirac quantization is problematic. There has been some progress in the past: Kastrup and Thiemann (NPB399, 211 (1993)) using the “old” (complex) Ashtekar variables were able to quantize through a series of gauge fixings. The resulting quantization has waveforms Ψ(M), with M being a Dirac observable. There is no sense in which the singularity is “resolved”. Kucha ř (PRD50, 3961 (1994)) through a series of canonical transformation using the traditional metric variables isolated the single degree of freedom of the model (the ADM mass). Results similar to Kastrup and Thiemann’s. Campiglia, Gambini and JP (CQG24, 3649 (2007)) using modern Ashtekar variables gauge fixed the diffeomorphism constraint and rescaled the Hamiltonian constraint to make it Abelian. The quantization ends up being equivalent to those of Kastrup, Thiemann and Kucha ř. Various authors (Modesto, Boehmer and Vandersloot, Ashtekar and Bojowald, Campiglia, Gambini, JP) studied the quantization of the interior of a black hole using the isometry to Kantowski-Sachs and treating it as a LQC. The singularity is resolved. Gambini and JP (PRL101, 161301 (2008)) studied the semiclassical theory for the complete space-time of a black hole. The singularity is replaced by a region of high curvature that tunnels into another region of space-time. -
Grav19 April 8Th–12Th, 2019, C´Ordoba, Argentina
Grav19 April 8th–12th, 2019, Cordoba,´ Argentina Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 9:00-9:50 J. Pullin P. Ajith 8:45 F. Pretorius D. Siegel A. Perez´ 10:00-10:30 C OFFEE yLive streaming EHT/ESO C OFFEE 10:30-11:20 I. Agullo J. R. Westernacher 11:00 Coffee/discussion I. Racz´ J. Peraza 11:30-12:20 H. Friedrich O. Sarbach #12:00. S Liebling/L.Lehner F. Beyer F. Carrasco 12:20-14:00 **Reception Lunch** LUNCH 14:00-14:50 J. Frauendiener A. Rogers J. Jaramillo O. Moreschi 14:50-15:10 R. Gleiser B. Araneda A. Acena˜ C. del Pilar Quijada 15:10-15:30 T. Madler¨ L. Combi A. Giacomini E. Eiroa 15:30-15:50 P. Rioseco J. Bad´ıa enjoy I. Gentile G. Figueroa Aguirre 15:50-16:10 C OFFEE your C OFFEE 16:10-16:30 J. Oliva F. Canfora´ free M. Arganaraz˜ M. Ramirez 16:30-16:50 M. Rubio A. Petrov afternoon F. Abalos O. Fierro Mondaca 16:50-17:10 O. Baake G. Crisnejo P. Anglada M. J. Guzman´ 17:10-17:30 N. Miron´ Granese N. Poplawski 18:30-20:00 **Wine and Cheese** ?? 19:00hs. Jorge Pullin ?Gabriela Gonzalez: Public Lecture (Charla Publica,´ libre y gratuita). Friday, April 5: 20.00 HS at Observa- torio Astronomico´ de Cordoba:´ LAPRIDA 854, Auditorio MIRTA MOSCONI. ?? Jorge Pullin: La telenovela de las ondas gravitacionales: desde Newton en 1666 hasta Estocolmo 2017, Martes 9, 19:00HS en el SUM de la Plaza Cielo Tierra (Bv. Chacabuco 1300). -
Alejandro R. Corichi
Alejandro R. Corichi Instituto de Matematicas, UNAM, Apartado Postal 61-3, Morelia, Michoacan, 58090, M¶exico, Phone/Fax: +52 (55) 5623 2769/2732 , [email protected] , http://www.matmor.unam.mx/~corichi, Personal Mexican. Date of birth: 2nd of November of 1967. Married male with two children. Information Education The Pennsylvania State University, USA Ph.D. in Physics, August 1997. Thesis: Interplay between topology, gauge ¯elds and gravity. Adviser: Prof. Abhay Ashtekar. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, M¶exico Licenciado (Bs./M.Sc.) in Physics, October 1991. Thesis: Introduction to Geometrodynamics. Experience Visiting Professor Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos Penn State University August 2008 { July 2009 I visited the Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos at Penn State conducting research in quantum gravity. Researcher/Professor Institute of Mathematics Universidad Nacional Aut¶onomade M¶exico August 2005 { I joined the Institute for Mathematics, also at UNAM, where a quantum gravity group is now consolidating, including myself, R. Oeckl and J.A. Zapata. Head of the Department of Gravitation and Field Institute for Nuclear Sciences (ICN) Theory Universidad Nacional Aut¶onomade M¶exico September 2002 { August 2004. I served as head of the Department of Gravitation and Field Theory, consisting of 13 permanent faculty members, 4 postdoctoral associates and 20 graduate students. Research Associate Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Mississippi, USA September 2001 { August 2002 Conducted research in classical and quantum gravity. In quantum gravity, the statistical approach to semiclassical states in loop quantum gravity in collaboration with L. Bombelli and O. Winkler. Studies of coherent and semi-classical states for constrained systems. -
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae Luis R. Lehner April 2020 1 Personal Data: Name and Surname: Luis R. LEHNER Marital Status: Married Date of Birth: July 17th. 1970 Current Address: Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N. Waterloo, ON, N2L 2Y5 Canada Tel.: 519) 569-7600 Ext 6571 Mail Address: [email protected] Fax: (519) 569-7611 2 Education: • Ph.D. in Physics; University of Pittsburgh; 1998. Title: Gravitational Radiation from Black Hole spacetimes. Advisor: Jeffrey Winicour, PhD. • Licenciado en F´ısica;FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de C´ordoba;1993. Title: On a Simple Model for Compact Objects in General Relativity. Advisor: Osvaldo M. Moreschi, PhD. 3 Awards, Honors & Fellowships • \TD's 10 most influential Hispanic Canadian" 2019. • \Resident Theorist" for the Gravitational Wave International Committee 2018-present. • Member of the Advisory Board of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (UCSB) 2016-2020. • Executive Committee Member of the CIFAR programme: \Gravity and the Extreme Universe" 2017-present. • Member of the Scientific Council of the ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP- SAIFR) 2015-present. • Fellow International Society of General Relativity and Gravitation, 2013-. • Discovery Accelerator Award, NSERC, Canada 2011-2014. • American Physical Society Fellow 2009-. • Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Fellow 2009-. 1 • Kavli-National Academy of Sciences Fellow 2008, 2017. • Louisiana State University Rainmaker 2008. • Baton Rouge Business Report Top 40 Under 40. 2007. • Scientific Board Member of Teragrid-NSF. 2006-2009. • Institute of Physics Fellow. The Institute of Physics, UK, 2004 -. • Phi Kappa Phi Non-Tenured Faculty Award in Natural and Physical Sciences. Louisiana State University, 2004. • Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Associate Member, 2004 -. -
Contributions of Civilizations to International Prizes
CONTRIBUTIONS OF CIVILIZATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL PRIZES Split of Nobel prizes and Fields medals by civilization : PHYSICS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 CHEMISTRY .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 PHYSIOLOGY / MEDECINE .............................................................................................................................................. 3 LITERATURE ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ECONOMY ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 MATHEMATICS (Fields) .................................................................................................................................................. 5 PHYSICS Occidental / Judeo-christian (198) Alekseï Abrikossov / Zhores Alferov / Hannes Alfvén / Eric Allin Cornell / Luis Walter Alvarez / Carl David Anderson / Philip Warren Anderson / EdWard Victor Appleton / ArthUr Ashkin / John Bardeen / Barry C. Barish / Nikolay Basov / Henri BecqUerel / Johannes Georg Bednorz / Hans Bethe / Gerd Binnig / Patrick Blackett / Felix Bloch / Nicolaas Bloembergen -
Clifford Shull’S Life Occurred in the Period Between 1942 and 1944
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES C LIFFORD GLENWOOD SHULL 1 9 1 5 — 2 0 0 1 A Biographical Memoir by R O B E R T D . S HULL Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 2010 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON, D.C. CLIFFORD GLENWOOD SHULL September 23, 1915–March 31, 2001 BY ROBERT D . SHULL LIFFORD GLENWOOD SHULL WAS ELECTED to membership Cin the National Academy of Sciences in 1975. He had earlier, in 1956, been admitted to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and would in 1994 be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. These and other honors were in recogni- tion of his pioneering accomplishments in the development of neutron scattering techniques for atomic and magnetic structure determination. The Nobel Prize was awarded 50 years after the beginning of his discoveries and 15 years after he had retired as an emeritus professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In this case the scientific community had ample time to see the ramifications of his achievements. Between 1946 and 1994, several other Nobel Prizes were awarded to individuals for discoveries or predictions verified partially through the use of neutron scattering methods. The Nobel Prize was not something to which Cliff aspired. “The achievements of past winners are so phenom- enal it’s beyond one’s scope to think of being in that class. I certainly had no feelings of delusion about joining such people,” expressed Cliff to videographers for the Nobel Foundation just after announcement of his selection as one of the 1994 recipients.1 Cliff’s humility was a personality 4 BIOGRA P HICAL MEMOIRS trait that governed the way he approached science, and it was a characteristic that set him apart from others.2 One of his great sorrows was that Ernest Wollan, a colleague who pioneered the development of neutron scattering with him in the early years, was not alive in 1994 to share the Nobel Prize with him. -
Note: This Is a Draft of a Paper Being Submitted for Publication. Contents of This Paper Should Not Be Quoted Or Referred to Without Permission of the Author
Note: This is a draft of a paper being submitted for publication. Contents of this paper should not be quoted or referred to without permission of the author. CONF-8509288 —1 EARLY HISTORY OF HEUTRON SCATTERING AT OAK RIDGE DE87 000027 M. K. Wilkinson Bv acceptance of this article, the publisher or recipiant acknowledge* tne VS. Government': right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering the article. Prepared by the SOLID STATE DIVISION OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Oak Ridge, Tennessee July 1985 DIOTRIBUTIJN UF ni(u W^A^T is UNLIMITED DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned riehts. Refer- ence herein to any specific comr • :ial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United Stales Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or iny agency thereof. EARLY HISTORY OF NEUTRON SCATTERING AT OAK RIDGE M. K. Wilkinson Solid State Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 ABSTRACT Most of the early development of neutron scattering techniques utilizing reactor neutrons occurred at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory during the years immediately following World War II.