Virtual Leverage: Server Consolidation in Open Source Environments Margaret Lewis Commercial Software Strategist AMD What Is Virtualization?
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Oracle VM Virtualbox Container Domains for SPARC Or X86
1 <Insert Picture Here> Virtualisierung mit Oracle VirtualBox und Oracle Solaris Containern Detlef Drewanz Principal Sales Consultant SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. In addition, the following is intended to provide information for Oracle and Sun as we continue to combine the operations worldwide. Each country will complete its integration in accordance with local laws and requirements. In the EU and other non-EU countries with similar requirements, the combinations of local Oracle and Sun entities as well as other relevant changes during the transition phase will be conducted in accordance with and subject to the information and consultation requirements of applicable local laws, EU Directives and their implementation in the individual members states. Sun customers and partners should continue to engage with their Sun contacts for assistance for Sun products and their Oracle contacts for Oracle products. 3 So .... Server-Virtualization is just reducing the number of boxes ? • Physical systems • Virtual Machines Virtualizationplattform Virtualizationplattform 4 Virtualization Use Workloads and Deployment Platforms -
Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization, and Hardware Assist
VMware Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization, and Hardware Assist Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................1 Overview of x86 Virtualization..................................................................................2 CPU Virtualization .......................................................................................................3 The Challenges of x86 Hardware Virtualization ...........................................................................................................3 Technique 1 - Full Virtualization using Binary Translation......................................................................................4 Technique 2 - OS Assisted Virtualization or Paravirtualization.............................................................................5 Technique 3 - Hardware Assisted Virtualization ..........................................................................................................6 Memory Virtualization................................................................................................6 Device and I/O Virtualization.....................................................................................7 Summarizing the Current State of x86 Virtualization Techniques......................8 Full Virtualization with Binary Translation is the Most Established Technology Today..........................8 Hardware Assist is the Future of Virtualization, but the Real Gains Have -
ISSN: 1804-0527 (Online) 1804-0519 (Print) Vol.8 (2), PP. 63-69 Introduction During the Latest Years, a Lot of Projects Have Be
Perspectives of Innovations, Economics & Business, Volume 8, Issue 2, 201 1 EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF SOLARIS TRUSTED EXTENSIONS USING CONTAINERS TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF GENTI DACI SOLARIS TRUSTED EXTENSIONS USING CONTAINERS TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Information Technology Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania UDC: 004.45 Key words: Solaris Containers. Abstract: Server and system administrators have been concerned about the techniques on how to better utilize their computing resources. Today, there are developed many technologies for this purpose, which consists of running multiple applications and also multiple operating systems on the same hardware, like VMWARE, Linux-VServer, VirtualBox, Xen, etc. These systems try to solve the problem of resource allocation from two main aspects: running multiple operating system instances and virtualizing the operating system environment. Our study presents an evaluation of scalability and performance of an operating system virtualization technology known as Solaris Containers, with the main objective on measuring the influence of a security technology known as Solaris Trusted Extensions. Solaris. We will study its advantages and disadvantages and also the overhead that it introduces to the scalability of the system’s main advantages. ISSN: 1804 -0527 (online) 1804 -0519 (print) Vol.8 (2), PP. 63 -69 Introduction administration because there are no multiple operating system instances in a system. During the latest years, a lot of projects have been looking on virtualizing operating system Operating systems environments, such as FreeBSD Jail, Linux- VServer, Virtuozzo etc. This virtualization technique is based in using only one underlying Solaris/OpenSolaris are Operating Systems operating system kernel. Using this paradigm the performing as the main building blocks of computer user has the possibility to run multiple applications systems; they provide the interface between user in isolation from each other. -
The Server Virtualization Landscape, Circa 2007
ghaff@ illuminata.com Copyright © 2007 Illuminata, Inc. single user license Gordon R Haff Illuminata, Inc. TM The Server Virtualization Bazaar, Circa 2007 Inspired by both industry hype and legitimate customer excitement, many Research Note companies seem to have taken to using the “virtualization” moniker more as the hip phrase of the moment than as something that’s supposed to convey actual meaning. Think of it as “eCommerce” or “Internet-enabled” for the Noughts. The din is loud. It doesn’t help matters that virtualization, in the broad sense of “remapping physical resources to more useful logical ones,” spans a huge swath of Gordon Haff technologies—including some that are so baked-in that most people don’t even 27 July 2007 think of them as virtualization any longer. Personally licensed to Gordon R Haff of Illuminata, Inc. for your personal education and individual work functions. Providing its contents to external parties, including by quotation, violates our copyright and is expressly forbidden. However, one particular group of approaches is capturing an outsized share of the limelight today. That would, of course, be what’s commonly referred to as “server virtualization.” Although server virtualization is in the minds of many inextricably tied to the name of one company—VMware—there are many companies in this space. Their offerings include not only products that let multiple virtual machines (VMs) coexist on a single physical server, but also related approaches such as operating system (OS) virtualization or containers. In the pages that follow, I offer a guide to today’s server virtualization bazaar— which at first glance can perhaps seem just a dreadfully confusing jumble. -
Virtual Containers: Asset Management Best Practices and Licensing Considerations
Virtual Containers: Asset Management Best Practices and Licensing Considerations Virtual containers have seen tremendous adoption and growth within all industries. However, in terms of IT asset management, cont- ainers are not being managed and are an unknown area of risk for many of our clients. Because it is a newer technology, there is very little information about managing containers and how to address the emerging SAM & ITAM challenges they bring. Due to this lack of public information, Anglepoint has published this whitepaper on navigating the world of containers, with an empha- sis on asset management and licensing. We will cover everything from the history of containers, to what containers are, the benefits of containers, asset management best practices, and some publisher-specific licensing considerations. A BRIEF HISTORY OF VIRTUAL CONTAINERS The first proper containers came from the Linux world as LXC (LinuX Containers) in 2008. However, it wasn’t until 2013 that containers entered the IT public consciousness, when Docker came onto the scene with Enterprise usage in mind. Even then, though, it was more of an enthusiast’s technology. In 2015, Google released and open sourced Kubernetes which manages and ‘orchestrates’ containers. However, it wasn’t until 2017 that Docker and Kubernetes had matured enough to be considered for production use within corporate environments. 2017 also saw VMware, Microsoft, and Amazon beginning to support and offer solutions for Kubernetes and Docker on their top-tier cloud infrastructure. WHAT IS A CONTAINER? Often, people conflate the term ‘container’ with multiple technologies that make up the container ecosystem. Let’s look at what a modern container is at the most fundamental level. -
Containerisation Gareth Roy Gridpp 32, Pitlochry 1 Intermodal Containers
Containerisation Gareth Roy GridPP 32, Pitlochry "1 Intermodal Containers Developed by Malcolm P. McLean & Keith W. Tantlinger. Reaction to slow loading times produced by using “break bulk cargo.” Apparatus for shipping freight (1958): “In 1956, loose cargo cost $5.86 per ton US 2853968 A - Malcolm P McLean to load. Using an ISO shipping container, the cost was reduced to only .16 cents per ton.” IMPERIAL METRIC Length 19’ 10.5” 6.058 m Width 8’ 0” 2.438 m Height 8’ 6” 2.591 m Empty Weight 4,850 lb 2,200 kg Max Weight 66,139 lb 30,400 kg "2 Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller (18270 TEU) Linux Containers Form of OS Level Virtualisation. Kernel hosts multiple separated user-land instances (Virtual Environment/Engine). Application Low overheads, elastic, multi-tennant. VE Storage can be Copy-on-Write or use UnionFS OS Examples: chroot (1982) Solaris Containers (2005) Physical Hardware FreeBSD Jails (1988) AIX WPARS (2007) Virtuozzo (2001) LXC (2008) OpenVZ (2005) "3 VM’s vs Containers Application Application Application Application Guest OS Guest OS VE VE Virtual HW Virtual HW OS Hypervisor / OS Physical Hardware Physical Hardware Virtual Machine Linux Container "4 VM’s vs Containers (Arguments) Pros: Pros: OS Independent Lightweight / Dense Secure / Isolated Fast Instantiation Flexible Elastic Resource Live Migration Low Memory Consumption Mature Ecosystem Native Performance Cons: Cons: Full System Image Restricted / Linux Only Slow Startup/Shutdown/Build Shared Kernel Memory Consumption Overhead Security Model Opaque to System Young Ecosystem Virtual Machine Linux Container "5 Containers in More Detail Running Application Application Application Instanced Namespace Virtual Environment Virtual Environment Resource Control Group Container CGROUP Container CGROUP Kernel Namespace Layer PID MNT IPC NET UTS USER* Linux Kernel > 2.6.23 OS Physical Hardware "6 Namespaces Application A Namespace wraps a global resource and presents an isolated instance to running process. -
A Virtual Software Appliance for LHC Applications
CernVM - a virtual software appliance for LHC applications C. Aguado-Sanchez 1) , P. Buncic 1) , L. Franco 1) , S. Klemer 1) , P. Mato 1) 1) CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Predrag Buncic (CERN/PH-SFT) • Talk Outline Introduction CernVM Project • Building blocks • Scalability and performance • User Interface and API • Release status Future plans & directions Conclusions ACAT 2008 CernVM – A Virtial Machine for LHC Experiments Erice, 6/11/2008 - 2 Introduction Enjoying “Frequency scaling Era” Cluster of Clusters (GRID) Workstation & PC Clusters Mainframes Single, multi and many cores IBM-VM 360, CERNVM,1988 ACAT 2008 CernVM – A Virtial Machine for LHC Experiments Erice, 6/11/2008 - 4 RecentTrends (h/w) • Multi & many cores CPU Core CPU Core and and Software benefits from multicore architectures L1 Caches L1 Caches where code can be executed in parallel Bus Interface and • Under most common operating systems this L2 Caches requires code to execute in separate threads or processes. Unfortunatelly, HEP/LHC applications were developed during period when it looked like any performance issue can be easily solved by simply waiting 2 more years • Support for hardware assisted virtualization VMM can now efficiently virtualize the entire x86 instruction set • Intel VT and AMD-V implementations • VMware, Xen 3.x (including derivatives like Virtual Iron), Linux KVM and Microsoft Hyper-V Running Virtual Machine will benefit from adoption of multiple core architectures since each virtual machine runs independently of others and can be executed in -
Virtualization Technologies Overview Course: CS 490 by Mendel
Virtualization technologies overview Course: CS 490 by Mendel Rosenblum Name Can boot USB GUI Live 3D Snaps Live an OS on mem acceleration hot of migration another ory runnin disk alloc g partition ation system as guest Bochs partially partially Yes No Container s Cooperati Yes[1] Yes No No ve Linux (supporte d through X11 over networkin g) Denali DOSBox Partial (the Yes No No host OS can provide DOSBox services with USB devices) DOSEMU No No No FreeVPS GXemul No No Hercules Hyper-V iCore Yes Yes No Yes No Virtual Accounts Imperas Yes Yes Yes Yes OVP (Eclipse) Tools Integrity Yes No Yes Yes No Yes (HP-UX Virtual (Integrity guests only, Machines Virtual Linux and Machine Windows 2K3 Manager in near future) (add-on) Jail No Yes partially Yes No No No KVM Yes [3] Yes Yes [4] Yes Supported Yes [5] with VMGL [6] Linux- VServer LynxSec ure Mac-on- Yes Yes No No Linux Mac-on- No No Mac OpenVZ Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes (using Xvnc and/or XDMCP) Oracle Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes VM (manage d by Oracle VM Manager) OVPsim Yes Yes Yes Yes (Eclipse) Padded Yes Yes Yes Cell for x86 (Green Hills Software) Padded Yes Yes Yes No Cell for PowerPC (Green Hills Software) Parallels Yes, if Boot Yes Yes Yes DirectX 9 Desktop Camp is and for Mac installed OpenGL 2.0 Parallels No Yes Yes No partially Workstati on PearPC POWER Yes Yes No Yes No Yes (on Hypervis POWER 6- or (PHYP) based systems, requires PowerVM Enterprise Licensing) QEMU Yes Yes Yes [4] Some code Yes done [7]; Also supported with VMGL [6] QEMU w/ Yes Yes Yes Some code Yes kqemu done [7]; Also module supported -
Virtualization and Cloud Computing Virtualization Introduction Day 01, Session 1.2 Virtualization
Virtualization and Cloud Computing Virtualization Introduction Day 01, Session 1.2 Virtualization Virtualization is technology that lets you create useful IT services using resources that are traditionally bound to hardware. It allows you to use a physical machine’s full capacity by distributing its capabilities among many users or environments. Non Virtualization / Legacy Environment Virtualized Environment History of Virtualization Development • 1965 IBM M44/44X paging system • 2005 HP Integrity Virtual Machines • 1965 IBM System/360-67 virtual memory hardware • 2005 Intel VT • 1967 IBM CP-40 (January) and CP-67 (April) time-sharing • 2006 AMD VT • 1972 IBM VM/370 run VM under VM • 2005 XEN • 1997 Connectix First version of Virtual PC • 2006 VMWare Server • 1998 VMWare U.S. Patent 6,397,242 • 2006 Virtual PC 2006 • 1999 VMware Virtual Platform for the Intel IA-32 architecture • 2006 HP IVM Version 2.0 • 2000 IBM z/VM • 2006 Virtual Iron 3.1 • 2001 Connectix Virtual PC for Windows • 2007 InnoTek VirtualBox • 2003 Microsoft acquired Connectix • 2007 KVM in Linux Kernel • 2003 EMC acquired Vmware • 2007 XEN in Linux Kernel • 2003 VERITAS acquired Ejascent Type of Virtualization ❑ Data virtualization Data that’s spread all over can be consolidated into a single source. Data virtualization allows companies to treat data as a dynamic supply ❑ Desktop virtualization desktop virtualization allows a central administrator (or automated administration tool) to deploy simulated desktop environments to hundreds of physical machines at once ❑ Server virtualization Virtualizing a server lets it to do more of those specific functions and involves partitioning it so that the components can be used to serve multiple functions Type of Virtualization ❑ Operating system virtualization Operating system virtualization happens at the kernel—the central task managers of operating systems. -
Container Technologies
Zagreb, NKOSL, FER Container technologies Marko Golec · Juraj Vijtiuk · Jakov Petrina April 11, 2020 About us ◦ Embedded Linux development and integration ◦ Delivering solutions based on Linux, OpenWrt and Yocto • Focused on software in network edge and CPEs ◦ Continuous participation in Open Source projects ◦ www.sartura.hr Introduction to GNU/Linux ◦ Linux = operating system kernel ◦ GNU/Linux distribution = kernel + userspace (Ubuntu, Arch Linux, Gentoo, Debian, OpenWrt, Mint, …) ◦ Userspace = set of libraries + system software Linux kernel ◦ Operating systems have two spaces of operation: • Kernel space – protected memory space and full access to the device’s hardware • Userspace – space in which all other application run • Has limited access to hardware resources • Accesses hardware resources via kernel • Userspace applications invoke kernel services with system calls User applications E.g. bash, LibreOffice, GIMP, Blender, Mozilla Firefox, etc. System daemons: Windowing system: User mode Low-level system systemd, runit, logind, X11, Wayland, Other libraries: GTK+, Qt, EFL, SDL, SFML, Graphics: Mesa, AMD components networkd, PulseAudio, SurfaceFlinger FLTK, GNUstep, etc. Catalyst, … … (Android) C standard library Up to 2000 subroutines depending on C library (glibc, musl, uClibc, bionic) ( open() , exec() , sbrk() , socket() , fopen() , calloc() , …) About 380 system calls ( stat , splice , dup , read , open , ioctl , write , mmap , close , exit , etc.) Process scheduling Memory management IPC subsystem Virtual files subsystem Network subsystem Kernel mode Linux Kernel subsystem subsystem Other components: ALSA, DRI, evdev, LVM, device mapper, Linux Network Scheduler, Netfilter Linux Security Modules: SELinux, TOMOYO, AppArmor, Smack Hardware (CPU, main memory, data storage devices, etc.) TABLE 1 Layers within Linux Virtualization Virtualization Concepts Two virtualization concepts: ◦ Hardware virtualization (full/para virtualization) • Emulation of complete hardware (virtual machines - VMs) • VirtualBox, QEMU, etc. -
Performance Isolation of a Misbehaving Virtual Machine with Xen, Vmware and Solaris Containers
Performance Isolation of a Misbehaving Virtual Machine with Xen, VMware and Solaris Containers Todd Deshane, Demetrios Dimatos, Gary Hamilton, Madhujith Hapuarachchi, Wenjin Hu, Michael McCabe, Jeanna Neefe Matthews Clarkson University {deshantm, dimatosd, hamiltgr, hapuarmg , huwj, mccabemt, jnm}@clarkson.edu Abstract In recent years, there have been a number of papers comparing the performance of different virtualization environ- ments for x86 such as Xen, VMware and UML. These comparisons have focused on quantifying the overhead of virtualization for one VM compared to a base OS. In addition, researchers have examined the performance degrada- tion experienced when multiple VMs are running the same workload. This is an especially relevant metric when determining a systems’ suitability for supporting commercial hosting environments – the target environment for some virtualization systems. In such an environment, a provider may allow multiple customers to administer virtual ma- chines on the same physical host. It is natural for these customers to want a certain guaranteed level of performance regardless of the actions taken by other VMs on the same physical host. In that light, another key aspect of the com- parison between virtualization environments has received less attention - how well do different virtualization systems protect VMs from misbehavior or resource hogging on other VMs? In this paper, we present the results of running a variety of different misbehaving applications under three different virtualization environments VMware, Xen, and Solaris containers. These are each examples of a larger class of virtualization techniques namely full virtualization, paravirtualization and generic operating systems with additional isolation layers. To test the isolation properties of these systems, we run six different stress tests - a fork bomb, a test that consumes a large amount of memory, a CPU intensive test, a test that runs 10 threads of IOzone and two tests that send and receive a large amount of network I/O. -
The New Economics of Virtualization the Impact of Open Source, Hardware-Assist and Native Virtualization TABLE of CONTENTS Introduction
WHITE PAPER JANUARY 2007 The New Economics of Virtualization The Impact of Open Source, Hardware-Assist and Native Virtualization TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . .3 The State of Virtualization Today . .4 Native Virtualization — A New, More Efficient Approach . .6 Applying Virtualization for Greater ROI — Common Use Cases . .9 Management — The Real Value in Virtualization . .13 Conclusion . .15 The New Economics of Virtualization INTRODUCTION Companies are finding it increasingly difficult to manage their enterprise data centers today.They’re highly complex, expensive to build out and difficult to reconfigure as needs change.The net result is a very high cost of ownership for a resource that is poorly positioned to meet the needs of the business.Virtualization delivers capabilities that address many data center shortcomings and companies are making significant investments in the technology. Unfortunately, until recently, the alternatives (i.e.VMware) were few, proprietary, expensive and slow to respond to industry innovation and standards. A new wave of virtualization- A new wave of virtualization-related technologies has emerged that address these related technologies has challenges and improve upon the efficiency and value of virtualization. Native emerged that address these virtualization is a new approach that improves performance, reliability and total cost challenges and improve of ownership. New virtualization solutions that leverage open source hypervisors upon the efficiency and value derived from the Xen™ open source project offer users choice and minimize the risk of virtualization. of proprietary lock up. Additionally, hardware-assisted virtualization, now available in new processors from AMD and Intel, enable high performance virtualization without modification to operating systems.