DOCSLIB.ORG

Ultrastructural Observations of Peri-Implant Mucosa Morphology Around Different Types of Abutment in Humans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ultrastructural Observations of Peri-Implant Mucosa Morphology Around Different Types of Abutment in Humans Cells and Materials Volume 7 Number 1 Article 7 1997 Ultrastructural Observations of Peri-Implant Mucosa Morphology Around Different Types of Abutment in Humans C. Piacentini Università degli Studi di Pavia P. Lanzarini Università degli Studi di Pavia R. Rodriguez y Baena Università degli Studi di Pavia S. Rizzo Università degli Studi di Pavia C. Brusotti Università degli Studi di Pavia Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cellsandmaterials Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons Recommended Citation Piacentini, C.; Lanzarini, P.; Rodriguez y Baena, R.; Rizzo, S.; and Brusotti, C. (1997) "Ultrastructural Observations of Peri-Implant Mucosa Morphology Around Different Types of Abutment in Humans," Cells and Materials: Vol. 7 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cellsandmaterials/vol7/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western Dairy Center at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cells and Materials by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cells and Materials Vol. 7, No. 1, 1997 (Pages 69-80) 1051-6794/97$5.00 + .25 Scanning Microscopy International, Chicago (AMP O'Hare), IL 60666 USA ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS OF PERI-IMPLANT MUCOSA MORPHOLOGY AROUND DIFFERENT TYPES OF ABUTMENT IN HUMANS 2 1 1 C. Piacentini'*, P. Lanzarini , R. Rodriguez y Baena , S. Rizzo', C. Brusotti 1Istituto di Discipline Odontostomatologiche, Department of Oral Surgery, 2Laboratorio di Microscopia Elettronica, Clinica delle Malattie lnfettive, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico S. Matteo, Universita degli Studi, Pavia, Italy (Received for publication April 26, 1996 and in revised form April 24, 1997) Abstract Introduction Scanning el~tron mir.roscopy (SFM) Mrl trans­ Th.e Pnaly~is of th~ implai'.t/host tissue !nterf3ce has mission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to to date focused mainly on the morphological aspects of examine the morphological aspects of peri-implant bone tissue. Numerous studies have clarified the differ­ mucosa around abutments of differing geometry ent relationships created between bone and implant (biconical and cylindrical) and of differing surface (BrAnemark, 1983: Bnlnemark et al., 1977; Adell et al. , micromorphology. The samples were taken from seven 1981; Albrektsson et al. , 1982, 1983, 1986, 1988; patients who had undergone implant surgery at least one Ericsson et al., 1986; Albrektsson, 1985, 1988; Adell year prior to the study. In samples from biconical and Eriksson, 1990). abutments, SEM of the sulcular epithelium showed that The concept of osseointegration defined by it consisted of flattened polygonal cells with a surface Branemark has been analyzed in all its aspects, and the resembling a honeycomb. Superficial desquamation was formation of new bone on the surface of titanium im­ rarely found. In contrast, in the samples from cylindrical plants has been examined in the context of many fixtures abutments, the sulcular epithelium showed extensive of differing geometry and surface treatments (Brunette desquamation and surface irregularity, but not the et al., 1983; Taylor and Gibbons, 1983; Inoue et al., honeycomb structure in its superficial cells. TEM 1987; Lowenberg et al., 1987; Brunette, 1988; Smith et showed in both abutment types a morphologically normal al., 1991; Cheroudi et al., 1992; Kononen et al., 1992; epithelium, with a normal maturation cell pattern. De­ Cochran et al., 1994; Daculsi and Delecrin, 1994). squamation of the more superficial layers of the epi­ Many studies, both clinical and experimental, have thelium, associated with thinning in the superficial layer analyzed the implant/soft tissue interface in order to of flattened cells, was more evident around cylindrical clarify the characteristics of the link that is created abutments. In the transitional area between the sulcular between implant and peri-implant mucosa in the junctio­ and junctional epithelium, an intra-epithelial leukocyte nal area just above the bone crest. The arrangement of infiltrate, and a larger amount of keratohyalin granules the peri-implant fibers would seem to induce the for­ in the more superficial cells was observed. The morpho­ mation of a seal at the edge of the implant. The most logical differences in peri-implant mucosa between the widely accepted current hypotheses claim that there is two abutment types may be related to differences in either an epithelial attachment or a connective tissue morphology of the metal surfaces of the abutments attachment on the implant, or a combination of both themselves. (Schroeder et al., 1981; Gould et al., 1984; Lekholm et al., 1986a,b; Arvidson et al., 1990; Steflik et al., 1990; Key Words: Peri-implant tissues, abutments, scanning Berglundh et al., 1991; Listgarten et al., 1991, 1992; electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. Strub et al., 1991; Buser et al., 1992; Weber and Fiorellini, 1992; Bauman et al., 1993; Ruggeri et al., *Address for correspondence: 1994). In any case, this presumed seal has important Cesare Piacentini implications for bacterial infiltration, and, accordingly, Istituto di Discipline Odontostomatologiche for the durability of the implant (Berglundh et al., 1992; Universita degli Studi di Pavia Warrer et al., 1995). The importance of the health of I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico S. Matteo soft tissues appears, therefore, to be fundamental to the Piazzale Golgi 2 long-term success of implant treatment. An important 27100 Pavia, Italy factor affecting the condition of the peri-implant mucosa Telephone number : 39-382-526221 + could be the geometry and/or the micromorphology of FAX number : + 39-382-423029 69 C. Piacentini et al. Figure 1. Schematic drawing of the abutments. 3 Figure 3. Semi-thin section of peri-implant mucosa showing the sulcular zone where ultrathin sections were ' - _...,.,-- - ............__, _ .,; - cut (toluidine blue) (bar = 100 J.tm). _,.,. - ""rJ ,.. __ Figures 4-9 (on facing page). Scanning electron micrographs of A samples. Figure 4. Surface of the transitional area between oral and sulcular mucosa. Desquamation of the epithelium of the masticatory gingiva (bar = 0.5 mm). Figure 5. Regular appearance of the more superficial ---- -~···- -~..... n --~--- - ::!' part of the sulcular epithelium made up of flat polygonal cells (bar = 0.1 mm). Figure 6. Enlargement of the same area: cell edges are well defined and cells well connected (bar = 10 J.tm). Figure 7. Fine confluent crests on the cellular surface (bar = 10 J.tm) . Figure 8. Cells of columnar appearance in the deeper part of the sulcular epithelium (bar = 10 J.tm). Figure 2. (a) Scanning electron micrograph of a surface Figure 9. Cords of collagen fibers parallel to the surface of abutment A (bar = 0.1 mm). (b) Scanning electron of the abutment with intercalated finer bundles perpendi­ micrograph of a surface of abutment B (bar = 0.1 mm). cular to the surface found in the transitional area bet­ ween sulcular and junctional epithelium (bar = 10 J.tm). the surface of the abutments and/or the actual seal between abutment and fixture. The aim of our research consent to, the proposed surgical procedure. In a two­ was to analyze the morphology of peri-implant mucosa stage submerged procedure, the first stage consisted in in the sulcular epithelium around two differing types of the fitting of each patient with one Standard Astra-Tech abutment (biconical and cylindrical) with differing (Molndal, Sweden) 13 mm fixture (Sample A) and one surface micromorphology. Mk II Nobelpharma 13 mm fixture (Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) (Sample B), both fixtures being Materials and Methods located in the same edentulous molar region. Placement was guided by a surgical stent that was constructed on The study enrolled 7 patients with partial edentulism the basis of diagnostic waxing of the final prosthesis. in the premolar and molar zone of the jaw. Each patient The second stage was performed four months later, with received a complete description of, and gave written insertion of the abutments (Astra-Tech Uni abutment, 70 Abutment and human peri-implant soft tissue morphology 71 C. Piacentini et al. Ref. 22032 (Sample A) and Nobelpharma Titanium metal (Fig. 2a). In contrast, SEM examination of the abutment, Ref. SDCA 068 (Sample B)) (Fig. ,1). surface of abutment type B did not show undulation, but One month after the second stage, all patients were only ridges perpendicular to the vertical axis of the fitted with twin-component, palladium alloy and ceramic abutment, between which small circular craters could bridges with a closing edge; placement was in the also be seen (Fig. 2b). supragingival area, and the bridges were respectively SEM of type A samples supported by the Astra-Tech and the Nobelpharma implants. The patients were rigorously encouraged to Figure 4 shows the transitional zone between oral maintain appropriate oral hygiene by means of dental and sulcular mucosa. In our samples, we found a brush, super floss and interdental brushes. The check-up morphological difference between the two mucosae with, protocol consisted of a visit at 6 months from first stage on one hand, an epithelium in desquamation in the surgery; at this check-up, the bridges were removed, masticatory gingiva and, on the other, a more compact and the peri-implant mucosa was clinically checked for and undamaged epithelium in the sulcular mucosa. SEM reddening and edema, and for bacterial plaque and examination showed that the most superficial part of the sulcular epithelium, near the masticatory gingiva, was calculus. In all cases, the mucosa showed neither ob­ regular in appearance, with polygonal flattened cells, as jective signs of inflammation, nor spontaneous bleeding; in the covering epithelium. Desquamation was found in oral hygiene appeared to be excellent. The same con­ only a few areas of the epithelium (Fig. 5). ditions were observed at 12 months from surgery, when On the surface of the epithelium, at higher biopsies were performed around the abutments by means magnification, we found polygonal flat cells tightly of circular blades.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Histologic Characteristics of the Gingiva Associated with the Primary and Permanentteeth of Children
    SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Histologic characteristics of the gingiva associated with the primary and permanentteeth of children Enrique Bimstein, CD Lars Matsson, DDS, Odont Dr Aubrey W. Soskolne, BDS, PhD JoshuaLustmann, DMD Abstract The severity of the gingival inflammatoryresponse to dental plaque increases with age, and it has been suggestedthat this phenomenonmay be related to histological characteristics of the gingiva. The objective of this study was to comparethe histological characteristics of the gingival tissues of primaryteeth with that of permanentteeth in children. Prior to extraction, children were subjected to a period of thorough oral hygiene. Histological sections prepared from gingival biopsies were examinedusing the light microscope. Onebiopsy from each of seven primaryand seven permanentteeth of 14 children, whose meanages were 11.0 +_0.9and 12.9 +_0.9years respectively, was obtained. All sections exhibited clear signs of inflammation. Apical migration of the junctional epithelium onto the root surface was associated only with the primaryteeth. Comparedwith the permanentteeth, the primary teeth were associated with a thicker junctional epithelium (P < 0.05), higher numbers leukocytes in the connective tissue adjacent to the apical end of the junctional epithelium (P < 0.05), and a higher density collagen fibers in the suboral epithelial connectivetissue (P < 0.01). No significant differences werenoted in the width of the free gingiva, thickness of the oral epithelium, or its keratinized layer. In conclusion,this study indicates significant differences in the microanatomyof the gingival tissues between primary and permanentteeth in children. (Pediatr Dent 16:206-10,1994) Introduction and adult dentitions to plaque-induced inflammation. Clinical and histological studies have indicated that Consequently, the objective of this study was to com- the severity of the gingival inflammatory response to pare the histological characteristics of the gingival tis- dental plaque increases with age.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Inactivated in Toothless/Enamelless Placental Mammals and Toothed
    Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales Mark Springer, Christopher Emerling, John Gatesy, Jason Randall, Matthew Collin, Nikolai Hecker, Michael Hiller, Frédéric Delsuc To cite this version: Mark Springer, Christopher Emerling, John Gatesy, Jason Randall, Matthew Collin, et al.. Odonto- genic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales. BMC Evolutionary Biology, BioMed Central, 2019, 19 (1), 10.1186/s12862-019-1359- 6. hal-02322063 HAL Id: hal-02322063 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02322063 Submitted on 21 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Springer et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2019) 19:31 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1359-6 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/ enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales Mark S. Springer1* , Christopher A. Emerling2,3,JohnGatesy4, Jason Randall1, Matthew A. Collin1, Nikolai Hecker5,6,7, Michael Hiller5,6,7 and Frédéric Delsuc2 Abstract Background: The gene for odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is a member of the secretory calcium- binding phosphoprotein gene family. ODAM is primarily expressed in dental tissues including the enamel organ and the junctional epithelium, and may also have pleiotropic functions that are unrelated to teeth.
    [Show full text]
  • A Panoramic View of Junctional Epithelium and Biologic Width Around Teeth and Implant
    IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 9 Ver. IX (September. 2017), PP 61-70 www.iosrjournals.org A Panoramic View of Junctional Epithelium And Biologic Width Around Teeth And Implant *Dr. Jaimini Patel1, Dr. Jasuma Rai2,Dr. Deepak Dave3,Dr. Nidhi Shah4, Dr. Shraddha Shah5 1,2,3,4,5,(Department of Periodontology/ K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital/ Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, India) Corresponding Author: *Dr. Jaimini Patel Abstract : Junctional epithelium is the most dynamic feature of the periodontal tissues as it not only plays an important role in health but also displays various characteristic changes in disease. The biologic width around tooth and implants is also an important consideration from treatment point of view. In the following review we have discussed the importance of junctional epithelium and biologic width around teeth and implant and the factors that influence the peri-implant biologic width. Keywords : Biologic Width, Junctional Epithelium, Implant ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 29 -07-2017 Date of acceptance: 09-09-2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction Teeth are trans-mucosal organs. This is a unique association in the human body where a hard tissue emerges through the soft tissue. Epithelia exhibit considerable differences in their histology, thickness and differentiation suitable for the functional demands of their location.1 The gingival epithelium around a tooth is divided into three functional compartments– outer, sulcular, and junctional epithelium. The outer epithelium extends from the mucogingival junction to the gingival margin where crevicular/sulcular epithelium lines the sulcus. At the base of the sulcus connection between gingiva and tooth is mediated with junctional epithelium.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health
    The influence of biological width violation on marginal bone resorption dynamics around two-stage dental implants with a moderately rough fixture neck: A prospective clinical and radiographic longitudinal study. International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health Research Article Volume 7 Issue 6, The influence of biological width violation on marginal bone June 2021 resorption dynamics around two-stage dental implants with a moderately rough fixture neck: A prospective clinical and Copyright ©2021 Jakub Strnadet.al.This radiographic longitudinal study is an open access article dis- 4 5 tributed under the terms of the Jakub Strnad¹, Zdenek Novak², Radim Nesvadba³, Jan Kamprle , Zdenek Strnad Creative Commons Attribution 1 License, which permits unre- Principal research scientist, Research and Development Centre for Dental Implantology and Tissue Regeneration – stricted use, distribution, and LASAK s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic; CEO – LASAK s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic. reproduction in any medium, 2 Medical Doctor, Private Clinical Practice, Prague, Czech Republic. provided the original author 3 PhD Student, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic; and source are credited Research and Development Researcher, Research and Development Centre for Dental Implantology and Tissue Regeneration – LASAK s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic. 4 Design and Development Designer, Research and Development Centre for Dental Implantology and Tissue Regeneration – LASAK s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic. 5 Senior research scientist, Research and Development Centre for Dental Implantology and Tissue Regeneration – LASAK s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic; Associate Professor, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Citation Corresponding author: Jakub Strnad Jakub Strnad et.al.
    [Show full text]
  • Dental Hygiene Clinic Procedure and Policy Manual
    Dental Hygiene Clinic Policy and Procedure Manual Ferris State University College of Health Professions Dental Hygiene Program Written and Edited by Annette U. Jackson, RDH, BS, MS (c) In Collaboration with the Dental Hygiene Faculty and Staff Reviewed and Updated 2019 DENTAL CLINIC POLICY AND PROCEDURES MANUAL DENTAL HYGIENE PROGRAM DENTAL CLINIC The intent of this manual is to provide guidelines to students, faculty, and staff concerning their expectations and obligations associated with participation in the Ferris Dental Hygiene clinic. CLINIC PURPOSE The dental hygiene clinic serves as the location for dental hygiene students to receive their pre-clinic and clinical experience in preparation to become a registered dental hygienist. In general, the clinic also serves as the location for the general public to receive dental hygiene care, as they serve as patients for dental hygiene students. As this facility provides patient treatment, it must be recognized that, during the time patients are being treated, all efforts must be directed toward safe, appropriate patient treatment and appropriate student supervision. Only students who are scheduled to treat patients should be present in clinic unless appropriately authorized. Non-clinic related business should not be occurring during scheduled clinic times. Clinic instructors are responsible for supervising the students and patients who have been assigned to them during a clinic session. Students (not scheduled in clinic), who need to speak to a clinic instructor, should make arrangements with the instructor to do so during the instructor’s office hour or other mutually agreeable time, rather than during the instructor’s clinic assignment. Neither students nor instructors should be leaving their assigned clinic to conduct non- related business unless an emergency develops, or if follow up with a patient’s physician, pharmacy, etc., needs to be done.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnosis Questions and Answers
    1.0 DIAGNOSIS – 6 QUESTIONS 1. Where is the narrowest band of attached gingiva found? 1. Lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors and facial surfaces of maxillary first molars 2. Facial surfaces of mandibular second premolars and lingual of canines 3. Facial surfaces of mandibular canines and first premolars and lingual of mandibular incisors* 4. None of the above 2. All these types of tissue have keratinized epithelium EXCEPT 1. Hard palate 2. Gingival col* 3. Attached gingiva 4. Free gingiva 16. Which group of principal fibers of the periodontal ligament run perpendicular from the alveolar bone to the cementum and resist lateral forces? 1. Alveolar crest 2. Horizontal crest* 3. Oblique 4. Apical 5. Interradicular 33. The width of attached gingiva varies considerably with the greatest amount being present in the maxillary incisor region; the least amount is in the mandibular premolar region. 1. Both statements are TRUE* 39. The alveolar process forms and supports the sockets of the teeth and consists of two parts, the alveolar bone proper and the supporting alveolar bone; ostectomy is defined as removal of the alveolar bone proper. 1. Both statements are TRUE* 40. Which structure is the inner layer of cells of the junctional epithelium and attaches the gingiva to the tooth? 1. Mucogingival junction 2. Free gingival groove 3. Epithelial attachment * 4. Tonofilaments 1 49. All of the following are part of the marginal (free) gingiva EXCEPT: 1. Gingival margin 2. Free gingival groove 3. Mucogingival junction* 4. Interproximal gingiva 53. The collar-like band of stratified squamous epithelium 10-20 cells thick coronally and 2-3 cells thick apically, and .25 to 1.35 mm long is the: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article
    Journal of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences NLM ID: 101671413 ISSN:2454-2288 Volume 4 Issue 3 July-September 2018 Review Article Junctional Epithelium: A dynamic seal around the tooth Anindya Priya Saha1, Sananda Saha2, Somadutta Mitra3 1MDS (Periodontology), Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science & research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India 2MDS (Periodontology), Dr. R Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. 3MDS (Oral Pathology), Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Junctional epithelium located at an interface of gingival sulcus and periodontal connective tissue, provides a dynamic seal around the teeth, protecting the delicate periodontal tissue from offending bacteria, which is critical for health of supportive periodontal tissue, and hence tooth as a whole. Its rapid turnover is important for maintaining tissue homeostasis. It plays a more active role in innate defense than what was thought earlier. In addition, it expresses some mediators of inflammation involved in immune response. Its unique structural and functional adaptability maintains the anti-microbial security. Detachment of JE from tooth surface is the hallmark of initiation of periodontal pocket, and hence periodontitis. This review article has made an attempt to put light on various aspects of this unique tissue. Keywords: Junctional epithelium, basal lamina, hemidesmosome, periodontitis INTRODUCTION teeth [3]. After that, various research works have been Junctional epithelium represents the epithelial done on this and the knowledge has been reviewed in component of the dento-gingival complex that lies in number of articles.
    [Show full text]
  • Gingival!Health!Transcriptome!
    ! ! ! Gingival!Health!Transcriptome! ! Thesis! ! Presented!in!Partial!Fulfillment!of!the!Requirements!for!the!Degree!Master!of! Science!in!the!Graduate!School!of!The!Ohio!State!University! ! By! Christina!Zachariadou,!DDS! Graduate!Program!in!Dentistry! The!Ohio!State!University! 2018! ! ! Thesis!Committee:! Angelo!J.!Mariotti,!DDS,!PhD,!Advisor! Thomas!C.!Hart,!DDS,!PhD! John!D.!Walters,!DDS,!MMSc! ! ! ! 1! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Copyright!by! Christina!Zachariadou! 2018! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2! ! ! ! Abstract! ! Introduction:!In!the!field!of!periodontology,!a!satisfactory!definition!of!periodontal! health!is!lacking.!Instead,!clinicians!use!surrogate!measures,!such!as!color,!texture,! consistency,!probing!depths!and!bleeding!on!probing!to!examine!periodontal!tissues! and! diagnose! disease,! or! the! absence! of! it,! which! they! define! as! “clinical! health”.!! Additionally,!it!has!been!shown!that!age!progression!is!accompanied!by!changes!in! the!periodontium.!As!a!result,!understanding!the!gene!expression!in!healthy!gingiva,! through!the!field!of!transcriptomics,!could!provide!some!insight!on!the!molecules! that!contribute!to!gingival!health.!Also,!comparing!the!transcriptome!of!young!and! older!subjects,!taking!into!consideration!the!effect!of!sex/gender,!can!shed!light!on! differential! gene! expression! with! age! progression! and! on! individual! differences! between! sexes,! and! may! provide! future! therapeutic! endpoints! of! periodontal! treatment.!The!main!focus!of!this!study!was!to!ascertain!collagen!(COL)!and!matrix!
    [Show full text]
  • The Junctional Epithelium
    4th Class Periodontology 2020/2021 Assistant Professor Hadeel Mazin Akram Terms in periodontology The term periodontium arises from the greek word “Peri” meaning around and “odont” meaning tooth, thus it can be simply defined as “the tissues investing and supporting the teeth”. The periodontium is composed of the following tissues namely: Alveolar bone. Root cementum. Periodontal ligament (Supporting tissues). Gingiva (investing tissue). The various diseases of the periodontium are collectively termed as periodontal diseases. Periodontal therapy: is the treatment of periodontal diseases. Periodontology: the clinical science that deals with the periodontium in health and disease. Periodontics: is the branch of dentistry concerned with prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. 1 4th Class Periodontology 2020/2021 The Oral Mucosa The oral mucosa consists of three zones: 1. Masticatory mucosa: it includes the gingiva and the covering of the hard palate. The boundaries are from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction on the facial and lingual surfaces. The mucogingival junction is a distinct line between the attached gingiva apically and the alveolar mucosa. No mucogingival junction on the palatal side because both gingiva and alveolar mucosa are of the same type which is masticatory mucosa. The tissue is firmly attached to the underlying bone and covered with keratinized epithelium to withstand the frictional forces of food during mastication. 2. Specialized mucosa: it covers the dorsum of the tongue. 3. Lining mucosa: is the oral mucous membrane that lines the reminder of the oral cavity. Examples for this type are the tissue covering the lips, cheeks, floor of the mouth, inferior surface of the tongue, soft palate and the alveolar mucosa.
    [Show full text]
  • Self Instructed Adaptation of Oral Mucosa-Review
    IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 5 Ver. III (May. 2017), PP 67-71 www.iosrjournals.org Self Instructed Adaptation of Oral Mucosa-Review Dr. S. Anitha Devi,Dr. Venkata Srikanth,Dr. Sivaranjani,Dr. R.Dhivya, Dr Indhumathi Abstract: Gingival epithelium consists of three regions: oral gingival epithelium (OGE), sulcular epithelium (SE) and Junctional epithelium (JE). JE is a specialized gingival epithelium and it is located at a strategically important interface between the gingival sulcus, populated with bacteria, and the periodontal soft and mineralized connective tissues that need protection from becoming exposed to bacteria and their products. Its unique structural and functional adaptation enables the junctional epithelium to control the constant microbiological challenge. The antimicrobial defense mechanisms of the junctional epithelium, however, do not preclude the development of gingival and periodontal lesions.The aim of the review focus on the unique structural organization of the junctional epithelium, on the nature and functions of the various molecules expressed by its cells. Keywords: Junctional epithelium, periodontal diseases, antimicrobial defense Introduction The periodontium is a complex organ comprising of four mesenchymal tissue components that act as a functional unit providing the tooth with an attachment apparatus capable of with-standing masticatory forces.1 The principal components are gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum2.
    [Show full text]
  • Junctional Epithelium Or Epithelial Attachment Around Implant: Which Term Is Desirable?: a Review
    Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 26(12): 1-13, 2018; Article no.JAMMR.41593 ISSN: 2456-8899 (Past name: British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, Past ISSN: 2231-0614, NLM ID: 101570965) Junctional Epithelium or Epithelial Attachment around Implant: Which Term is Desirable?: A Review Mahdi Kadkhodazadeh1, Reza Amid1, Farnaz Kouhestani1, Hoda Parandeh1 and Mohamadjavad Karamshahi1* 1Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author MK designed the study and performed the statistical analysis. Author RA managed the analyses of the study. Author HP managed the literature searches. Authors FK and MK wrote the protocol and the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JAMMR/2018/41593 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Sandra Aparecida Marinho, Professor, Paraíba State University (Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB), Campus, Brazil. Reviewers: (1) F. Armando Montesinos, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico. (2) Roberta Gasparro, University of Naples Federico II, Italy. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/25324 Received 17th March 2018 Accepted 28th May 2018 Review Article Published 29th June 2018 ABSTRACT Aim: review of previous relevant studies to assess histological differences in gingival tissue around dental implants and natural teeth to answer the question whether the tissue around dental implants is junctional epithelium or it better be named epithelial attachment. Methodology: An electronic search of three databases (PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar) between May 1980 and May 2017 were performed.
    [Show full text]
  • Pages 393-402) DOI: 10.22203/Ecm.V020a32 Formation/Regeneration of Junctional ISSN Epithelium1473-2262
    CEuropean Nishio et Cells al. and Materials Vol. 20 2010 (pages 393-402) DOI: 10.22203/eCM.v020a32 Formation/regeneration of junctional ISSN epithelium1473-2262 EXPRESSION PATTERN OF ODONTOGENIC AMELOBLAST-ASSOCIATED AND AMELOTIN DURING FORMATION AND REGENERATION OF THE JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM Clarice Nishio1, Rima Wazen1, Shingo Kuroda1, Pierre Moffatt2, and Antonio Nanci1* 1Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada 2Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada Abstract Introduction The junctional epithelium (JE) adheres to the tooth surface, The junctional epithelium (JE) is a specialized epithelial and seals off periodontal tissues from the oral environment. structure that seals off the supporting tissues of the tooth This incompletely differentiated epithelium is formed from the aggressive oral environment, and represents the initially by the fusion of the reduced enamel organ with first line of defense against periodontal diseases (Takata the oral epithelium (OE). Two proteins, odontogenic et al., 1986; Schroeder and Listgarten, 1997; Schroeder ameloblast-associated (ODAM) and amelotin (AMTN), and Listgarten, 2003). This stratified squamous, non- have been identified in the JE. The objective of this study keratinizing epithelium is considered to be incompletely was to evaluate their expression pattern during formation differentiated, producing components for tooth attachment and regeneration of the JE. Cytokeratin 14 was used as a instead of progressing along a keratinization pathway differentiation marker for oral epithelial cells, and Ki67 (Schroeder and Listgarten, 2003; Shimono et al., 2003). for cell proliferation. Immunohistochemistry was carried The attachment of the gingiva to the enamel surface is out on erupting rat molars, and in regenerating JE following provided by a structural complex called the epithelial gingivectomy.
    [Show full text]