OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LIMITED

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development

Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML Areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam State

Asian Consulting Engineers Private Limited, New Delhi

JANUARY 2016 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………….... viii-xix

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND …………………………………………………………………………………...... 1-1 1.1.1 Project Objectives and Benefits…………………………………………………………...... 1-2 1.1.2 Project Proponent ………………………………………………………………………...... 1 -2 1.1.3 EIA Consultant …………………………………………………………………………...... 1 -2 1.2 DESCRIPTION OF ML AREAS OF JORHAT AND GOLAGHAT DISTRICTS ………………...... 1-3 1.3 LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS …………………..……………………………………...... 1-3 1.4 SCOPE OF THE EIA STUDY ……………………………………………………….……………...... 1 -4 1.5 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY ……………………………………………...... 1 -6 1.5.1 Approach of the EIA Study ……………………………………...………………………...... 1 -6 1.5.2 Establishment of Baseline Environmental Status …………………..……………………...... 1-6 1.5.3 Field Study/Monitoring for Generation of Primary Data ………………………………...... 1 -7 1.5.4 Environmental Impact Assessment ………………………………………………………...... 1 -7 1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT …………………………………………………………………...... 1 -13

CHAPTER-2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 KEY BLOCK INFORMATION ……………………………………………………………………..... 2-1 2.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ………………………………………………………………………...... 2 -1 2.3 PROJECT LOCATION……………………………………………………………………………...... 2 -2 2.4 PRIOR TO DRILLING…………………………………………….. ……………………………...... 2-7 2.4.1 Site Survey…………….…………….…………….……………………………………...... 2-7 2.4.2 Road and Site Construction………………………………………..…………..……...... 2 -8 2.5 DRILLING OPERATION …………..…………..……………...... 2 -8 2.5.1 Components of Drilling Rig ……………………………………………………………...... 2 -9 2.5.2 Well Construction………………………………………………………………………...... 2-12 2.5.3 Drilling Fluids……………………………………………………………………………...... 2-13 2.5.4 Cementing Program………………………………………………………………………...... 2-16 2.5.5 Well Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………...... 2 -16 2.5.6 Completion of Drilling……………………………………………………………………...... 2 -17 2.5.7 Rig Demobilization………………………………………………………………………...... 2-17 2.5.8 Restoration and Rehabilitation……………………………………………………………...... 2 -17 2.6 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF PRODUCED OIL AND GAS…………………...... 2 -18 2.7 STAFFING…………………………………………………………………………………………...... 2-28 2.8 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT……………………………………………………………………...... 2 -28 2.8.1 Power Consumption and Fuel……………………………………………………………...... 2-28 2.8.2 Water Requirement………………………………………………………………………...... 2 -29 2.8.3 Chemicals…………………………………………………………………………………...... 2-30 2.9 NOISE, AIR EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND SOLID WASTE GENERATION………………...... 2-30 2.9.1 Noise………………………………………………………………………………………...... 2 -30 2.9.2 Air Emissions……………………………………………………………………………...... 2-30 2.9.3 Effluents and Solid Wastes………………………………………………………………...... 2 -31

CHAPTER-3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………..……………………………………...... 3-1 3.2 SITE DESCRIPTION AND ITS ENVIRONS ……………………………………………………...... 3 -1 3.3 REGIONAL SETTING ……….……………………………………………………………………...... 3-3 3.3.1 Topography, Geology & Stratigraphy…………………...... 3 -3 3.3.3 Seismicity ……….……………………………………………………...... 3 -3 3.4 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT………………………………………………………………...... 3 -4 3.4.1 Climate……………………………………………………………………………………...... 3-4 3.4.2 Micro-Meteorology ……………...………………………………………………………...... 3 -6 3.4.3 Land Use Land Cover.…………………………………………………………….…...... 3-8 3.4.4 Forest Land………………………………………………………………………………...... 3 -14 Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. i

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

3.4.5 Soil Characteristics ……………………………………………………………………...... 3 -15 3.4.5.1 Methodology...... 3-15 3.4.5.2 Monitoring Results...... 3 -18 3.4.6 Water Environment ……………………………………………………………………...... 3-19 3.4.6.1 Water Quality Assessment & Methodology...... 3-21 3.4.6.2 Monitoring Results...... 3 -24 3.4.7 Air Environment....……………………………………………………………………...... 3 -27 3.4.7.1 Parameters, Frequency and Monitoring Methodology...... 3 -29 3.4.7.2 Ambient air quality in the study area...... 3-30 3.4.8 Noise Environment …………………………………………………………………...... 3 -32 3.4.8.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring...... 3-32 3.4.8.2 Methodology...... 3-35 3.4.8.3 Analysis of the Data...... 3-37 3.4.9 Biological Environment………………………………………………………………...... 3-37 3.4.9.1 Terrestrial Environment...... 3-38 3.4.10 Socio-Economic Environment...... 3-50 3.4.10.1 Demography...... 3 -52 3.4.10.2 Occupation...... 3-54 3.4.10.3 Medical Facilities...... 3-54 3.4.10.4 Fire Services...... 3 -54 3.4.10.5 Connectivity...... 3-54 3.4.10.6 Environmental Concern...... 3-55 3.4.10.7 Corporate Social Responsibility...... 3 -55

CHAPTER-4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT……….…….………….………………...... 4 -1 4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF INTERACTIONS…………………………………………………………...... 4-1 4.3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES……….……………….……...... 4 -2 4.3.1 Air Environment ….………….………….………….………….………….………...... 4 -3 4.3.1.1 Impacts...... 4-3 4.3.1.2 The Model...... 4-3 4.3.1.3 Model Input...... 4-4 4.3.1.4 Modeling Procedure...... 4-4 4.3.1.5 Modeling Results...... 4 -4 4.3.1.6 Discussion on Modeling Results...... 4-30 4.3.1.7 Mitigation Measures...... 4 -30 4.3.2 Noise and Vibration….. …….………….………….………….………….……..…...... 4-30 4.3.2.1 Impacts...... 4-31 4.3.2.2 Mitigation Measures...... 4 -32 4.3.3 Water Environment…….….………….………….………….……………..……..………...... 4-32 4.3.3.1 Impacts...... 4-32 4.3.3.2 Mitigation Measures...... 4 -33 4.2.4 Land Environment...... 4 -33 4.3.4.1 Impacts...... 4-33 4.3.4.2 Mitigation Measures...... 4 -34 4.2.5 Biological Environment ……….……………..……..……..……..……...... 4-34 4.2.6 Socio Economic Environment...... 4 -35 4.3.6.1 Impacts...... 4-35 4.3.6.2 Mitigation Measures...... 4 -35

CHAPTER-5: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

5.1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….…….………….…………...... 5-1

CHAPTER-6: ADDITIONAL STUDIES

6.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………..……………….……...... 6-1 6.2 RISK ASSESSMENT …………………………………………..……………….…………………...... 6 -1 6.2.1 Methodology……………………………………………………………………………...... 6-2

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

6.2.2 Identification of Hazards in Drilling and Production Testing Operations………………...... 6-3 6.2.2.1 Minor Oil Spill...... 6-3 6.2.2.2 Major Oil Spill...... 6-4 6.2.2.3 Blowout...... 6 -4 6.2.2.4 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)...... 6 -4 6.2.2.5 Natural Disaster and Hazards...... 6 -5 6.2.3 Development Drilling in ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts……………...... 6-6 6.2.4 QRA Approach……….………….……………………………………...... 6 -7 6.2.4.1 Damage due to Explosion...... 6-8 6.2.4.2 Thermal Incidents/ Fire in Storage Area...... 6 -8 6.2.5 Mitigation Measures ……………….….…………………………………………………...... 6 -9 6.2.5.1 Control Measures for Major Hazards...... 6 -9 6.2.5.2 Control Measures for H2S Leakage/Emission during Drilling...... 6 -10 6.2.5.3 Natural Disaster and Hazards...... 6-11 6.2.5.4 Fire Fighting Facility...... 6-11 6.2.6 Occupational Health………………………………………………………………………...... 6 -12 6.2.7 Frequency of Occurrence of Accident Scenario...... 6-13 6.2.8 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………...... 6-14 6.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ……………………………………………………………...... 6-14 6.3.1 Statuary Requirements……………………………………………………………………...... 6-15 6.3.2 Nature of Emergencies……………………………………………………………………...... 6-15 6.3.3 Onsite Emergency Operations……………………………………………………………...... 6 -16 6.3.3.1 Functions & Responsibilities of Various Coordinators...... 6-17 6.3.3.2 Emergency Control Room (ECR) at Base office...... 6-18 6.3.3.3 Responding to an Emergency...... 6-19 6.3.4 Offsite Emergency Plan…………………………………………………………………. 6-23 6.3.4.1 Assessment of Hazard leading to Off-Site Emergency...... 6 -23 6.3.4.2 Disaster due to Man-made causes (Terrorist attack)...... 6 -24 6.3.4.3 Action Plan - Reporting of an Off-Site Emergency...... 6 -27 6.3.4.4 Mock Drill for Onsite and Off-Site Emergency Management...... 6 -29 6.3.4.5 Review of the Plan...... 6-30 6.3.4.6 Blow Out Contingency Plan...... 6-30

CHAPTER-7: PROJECT BENEFITS

7.1 PROJECT BENEFITS ……………………………………………………………...... 7 -1

CHAPTER-8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………...... 8-1 8.2 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.………...... 8 -1 8.2.1 HSE Policy of Block Operator…………………………………………………………...... 8-1 8.2.2 Organizational Structure and Responsibilities……………………………………………...... 8-2 8.3 MITIGATION PLAN………………………………………………………………………………...... 8 -3 8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING ………………………………………………...... 8-12 8.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN …………………………………….…………………………...... 8-12 8.6 RESTORATION AND REHABILITATION………………………………………………………...... 8-17 8.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN…………………………...... 8-21 8.8 CAPITAL AND RECURRING COST FOR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES.……...... 8 -22

CHAPTER-9: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

9.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………...... 9-1

CHAPTER 10: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

10.1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………...... 10-1 10.2 QUALITY OF SERVICES …………………………………….…………………………………...... 10-1 10.3 AREA OF SPECIALIZATION …………………………………………………………….………...... 10 -1 10.4 RESOURCES …………………………………………………………………………….………...... 10-2 Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. iii

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE - I Copy of Approved ToR, Form - 1 and PFR ANNEXURE - II Copy of Existing EC, CTO and Compliance Report ANNEXURE - III Environmental and Safety related Policies ANNEXURE - IV Corporate Environmental Policy ANNEXURE - V CSR’s details (for the period of 2013-14 to 2014-15)

LIST OF TABLES Page Table No. Title No. Table 1.1 Applicable Acts and Guidelines ………………………………………………………...... 1 -3 1.2 TOR Compliance Status for Development Drilling in Golaghat and Jorhat Districts, Table 1-8 Assam……………...... Table 2.1 Co-ordinates of the ML Blocks…………………………………………………………...... 2-2 Table 2.2 Co-ordinates of the Drilling Locations…………………………………………………...... 2 -3 Table 2.3 Ingredients of Water Based Drilling Fluid ………………………………………………...... 2 -13 Table 2.4 Ingredients of Water Based Drilling Mud………………………………………………...... 2 -14 Table 2.5 Special Additives and their Function in Water Based Drilling Fluids…………………….....2 -14 Table 2.6 Collection and Transportation of Produced Oil and Gas………………………………….....2 -18 Table 2.7 Water Utilization Per Well………………………………………………………………...... 2 -29 Table 3.1 Climate Data for the Study Area…………………………………………………………...... 3 -6 Table 3.2 Landuse Distribution of the Study Area……………………………………………………...3 -11 Table 3.3 Important Features within 1 Km Radius of Drilling Locations…………………………...... 3 -13 Table 3.4 Soil Sampling Locations…………………………………………………………………...... 3 -16 Table 3.5 Results of Soil Analysis…………………………………………………………………...... 3-18 Table 3.6 ML Blocks and their Categorization as per Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA)….....3 -21 Table 3.7 Water Sampling Locations………………………………………………………………...... 3 -21 Table 3.8 Ground Water Quality Analytical Results…………………………………………………....3 -24 Table 3.9 Surface Water Quality Analytical Results…………………………………………………....3 -25 Table 3.10 Location Details for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring……………………………………....3 -26 Table 3.11 Method of Analysis for Different Air Quality Parameters………………………………...... 3 -28 Table 3.12 Summary of PM10 Levels Monitored in the Study Area…………………………………...... 3 -30 Table 3.13 Summary of SO2 Levels Monitored in the Study Area…………………………………...... 3 -30 Table 3.14 Summary of NOX Levels Monitored in the Study Area…………………………………...... 3 -31 Table 3.15 Summary of VOC Levels in the Study Area……………………………………………...... 3 -31 Table 3.16 Summary of HC Levels in the Study Area………………………………………………...... 3 -32 Table 3.17 Location of Noise Monitoring Stations…………………………………………………...... 3 -32 Table 3.18 Summary of Ambient Noise levels monitored in the study area…………………………...... 3 -36 Table 3.19 List of Important Flora in the Golaghat Study Area………………………………………....3 -38 Table 3.20 List of Important Flora in the Jorhat Study Area………………………………………….....3 -40 Table 3.21 List of Important Medicinal Plant in the Jorhat Study Area………………………………....3 -43 Table 3.22 List of Important Fauna in the Golaghat Study Area………………………………………...3 -45 Table 3.23 List of Important Fauna in the Jorhat Study Area…………………………………………....3 -47 Table 3.24 Administrative Divisions of the Districts………………………………………………….....3 -50 Table 3.25 Demographic Details of the Jorhat Study Area……………………………………………....3 -52 Table 3.26 Demographic Details of the Golaghat Study Area…………………………………………...3 -52 Table 3.27 Available Medical Facilities in and around Study Area…………………………………...... 3 -54 Table 4.1 Interactions between Project Activities and Environmental Parameters ………………...... 4 -2 Table 4.2 Stack & Emission Characteristics……………………………………………………...... 4 -4 Table 4.3 Predicted 24-hourly Maximum GLCs for air pollutants ……………………...... 4 -5 Table 4.4 Occupational and Human Exposure Levels ……………………………………………...... 4 -31 Table 5.1 Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol – Pre Drilling Phase………………...... 5 -2 Table 5.2 Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol – During Drilling Phase………….....5 -2 Table 5.3 Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol – Post Drilling……………………...... 5 -4 Table 6.1 Symptoms of H2S as per Concentrations………………………………………………...... 6 -5 Table 6.2 Co-ordinates of the ML Areas…………………………………………………………...... 6 -6 Table 6.3 Bulk Hazardous Chemical Storage facility at Drilling Site (tentative)…………………...... 6 -7 Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. iv

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

LIST OF TABLES Page Table No. Title No. Table 6.4 Risk Classification………………………………………………………………………...... 6 -7 Table 6.5 Damage due to Overpressure……………………………………………………………...... 6 -8 Table 6.6 Possible Major Scenarios………………………………………………………………...... 6 -9 Table 6.7 Fire Extinguishers Distribution…………………………………………………………...... 6 -12 Table 6.8 Occupational Health hazards and mitigating measures…………………………………...... 6 -13 Table 6.9 Frequency occurrence for various accidents scenarios…………………………………...... 6 -14 Table 6.10 Existing GGS stations within the ML Areas……………………………………………...... 6 -15 Table 6.11 Shut in Procedure while Drilling…………………………………………………………...... 6 -22 Table 6.12 Shut in Procedure while Tripping………………………………………………………...... 6 -23 Table 8.1 EMP - Mitigation Management Matrix (Prior to Drilling Phase) ………………………...... 8 -4 Table 8.2 EMP - Mitigation Management Matrix (During Drilling Phase) ………………………...... 8 -5 Table 8.3 Waste Management Plan ……………………………………………………………...... 8 -13 Table 8.4 Capital and Recurring Cost for Pollution Control Measures...... 8 -22

LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure No. Title No. Figure 1.1 Project Location Map……………………………………...……...... 1-1 Figure 2.1 Project Location of Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat ML areas...... 2 -4 Figure 2.2 Project Location of East Lakhibari and Borholla ML areas...... 2 -5 Figure 2.3 Field Geography of Hydrocarbon Reserve Areas………………………………………....2 -6 Figure 2.4 Field Geography of Jorhat………………………………………………………………...2 -6 Figure 2.5 Approximate Road Distance Map………………………………………………………... 2-7 Figure 2.6 Layout of Drilling Site with Facilities………………………………………………….....2 -9 Figure 2.7 The Anatomy of Drilling Rig…………………………………………………………...... 2-10 Figure 2.8 Typical On-Shore Drilling Rig…………………………………………………………....2 -12 Figure 2.9 Typical Drill Fluid Circulation System…………………………………………………... 2-15 Figure 2.10 Layout Map of Borholla GGS…………………………………………………………..... 2-20 Figure 2.11 (a) Process Flow Diagram of Borholla GGS……………………………………………….....2 -21 Figure 2.11 (b) Schematic Diagram of Borholla GGS Process Flow…………………………………...... 2 -22 Figure 2.12 (a) Layout Map of Khoraghat GGS-1……………………………………………………...... 2 -23 Figure 2.12 (b) Schematic Diagram of Khoraghat GGS-1 Facility Layout……………………………...... 2 -24 Figure 2.13 Process Flow Diagram of Khoraghat GGS-1…………………………………………...... 2-25 Figure 2.14 Layout Map of Nambar GGS-1…………………………………………………………...2 -26 Figure 2.15 Process Flow Diagram of Nambar GGS-1……………………………………………...... 2-27 Figure 2.16 Well Flow Line Route of Borholla GGS……………………………………………….....2 -28 Figure 2.17 Water Balance Diagram………………………………………………………………...... 2 -30 Figure 2.18 Flow Chart of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)…………………………………………... 2-33 Figure 3.1 Location of ML areas…………………………………………………………………….. 3-2 Figure 3.2 Map showing Seismic Zones of India…………………………………………………..... 3-4 Figure 3.3 Monthly rainfall variations for Golaghat district (10 years data)………………………....3 -5 Figure 3.4 Monthly rainfall variations for Jorhat district (10 years data)………………………….....3 -5 Figure 3.5 Historical rainfall data for Golaghat and Jorhat Districts………………………………....3 -6 Figure 3.6 Wind rose diagram for Golaghat district (Oct to Dec 2015)……………………………...3 -7 Figure 3.7 Wind rose diagram for Jorhat district (Oct to Dec 2015)………………………………....3 -8 Figure 3.8 LULC study of Borholla ML area………………………………………………………...3 -9 Figure 3.9 LULC study of Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML area………………....3 -10 Figure 3.10 LULC study of East Lakhibari ML area………………………………………………...... 3 -11 Figure 3.11 Distance of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks from the project area……………... 3-15 Figure 3.12 Triangular classification of soil…………………………………………………………...3 -16 Figure 3.13 Soil Sampling Location Map…………………………………………………………...... 3 -17 Figure 3.14 Drainage Map of Study Area…………………………………………………………….. 3-19 Figure 3.15 Surface Water Sampling Location Map………………………………………………..... 3-21 Figure 3.16 Ground Water Sampling Location Map………………………………………………...... 3-22 Figure 3.17 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Location Map……………………………………….....3 -27 Figure 3.18 Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Location Map…………………………………….....3 -34 Figure 3.19 Ambient Noise Levels Monitored in the Study Area (Day time) ………………………...3 -37 Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. v

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure No. Title No. Figure 3.20 Ambient Noise Levels Monitored in the Study Area (Night time) …………………….... 3-37 Figure 3.21 Villages found within the Study Area…………………………………………………..... 3-51 Figure 4.1 Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment…………………………………..... 4-1 3 Figure 4.2 Isopleths plot of concentration for PM10 (μg/m ) at Different ML Blocks Location…...... 4-6 3 Figure 4.3 Isopleths plot of concentration for SO2 (μg/m ) at Different ML Blocks Location……....4 -12 3 Figure 4.4 Isopleths plot of concentration for NOX (μg/m ) at Different ML Blocks Location…...... 4 -18 Figure 4.5 Isopleths Plot of Concentration for HC (μg/m3) at Different ML Blocks Location……....4 -24 Figure 6.1 Onsite-Emergency Organization………………………………………………………..... 6-17 Figure 6.2 Flow chart for Offsite Emergency Management……………………………………….....6 -28 Figure 6.3 Blowout Contingency Plan……………………………………………………………...... 6 -31

LIST OF PHOTOPLATE Page Photo plate No. Title No. Photo plate 3.1 Project Area...... 3 -14 Photo plate 3.2 Collection of Soil Samples...... 3-18 Photo plate 3.3 Collection of Surface Water Samples...... 3-22 Photo plate 3.4 Collection of Ground Water Samples………………………………………...... 3-23 Photo plate 3.5 Ambient air quality monitoring………………………………...... 3-29 Photo plate 3.6 Noise level Monitoring at Different Locations in Study Area………………………….... 3-35 Photo plate 3.7 Local Vegetations and Surroundings of the Study Area ……………………………...... 3-45 Photo plate 3.8 Public consultations conducted at different locations in Study Area ……………...... 3 -55

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ACE Asian Consulting Engineers API American Petroleum Institute BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOP Blow out Preventers CEC Chief Executive Coordinator COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CGWA Central Ground Water Authority CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CWC Central Water Commission DG Diesel Generators DGMS Directorate General of Mines Safety DMP Disaster Management Plan DSA Drill Site Accommodation ECR Emergency Control Room EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EP Lube Extreme Pressure Lube ERP Emergency Response Plan FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry GDP Gross Domestic Product GGS Group Gathering Stations GSI Geological Survey of India GSM Grams per Square Meter GWRE Groundwater Resource Estimation HC Hydrocarbon HSD High Speed Diesel HSE Health, Safety and Environment IS Indian Standard kl Kilo Litre Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. vi

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

kld Kilo Litre Per Day LNG Liquefied Natural Gas ML Mining Lease MMTOE Million Metric Tonne MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MTOE Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NIDM National Institute of Disaster Management NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre OISD Oil Industry Safety Directorate OMR Oil Mines Regulation ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited OSC On-Scene Commander/Coordinate OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Act PM Particulate Matter PPM Parts Per Million QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment SOP Standard (Safe) Operating Procedures SPCB State Pollution Control Board STEL Short Term Exposure Limit TDS Total Dissolved Solids TSS Total Suspended Solids TWA Time Weighted Average VOC Volatile Organic Compound WBM Water Based Mud

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EEXXEECCUUTTIIVVEE SSUUMMMMAARRYY

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

Project Highlights Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), a premier Govt. of India Undertaking and the major National Oil Company with Maharatna Status, is a vertically integrated company producing crude oil, natural gas and value added products like LPG, NGL, Petrol, HSD etc. Operations of ONGC extend over both onshore as well as offshore within India and outside India. ONGC has proposed Eight (08) Development Drilling Locations in Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension Mining lease areas in the Golaghat district and Four (04) Development Drilling Locations in Borholla Mining lease area in the Jorhat district of Assam State. The total ML area of Jorhat district and Golaghat district is 32.116 sq. km. and 120.5 sq. km. respectively. The Total Project Cost is INR 240.00 Crores. Objective and Scope of EIA study The Objective of EIA study is to meet the regulatory environmental clearance criteria as well as to ascertain a sustainable development through the assessment of likely impacts due to project related activities on the surrounding environment. The study envisages likely assessment of negative impacts and alleviation of these negative impacts, to such extent that it avoids/mitigates any harm/ permanent changes in the naturally existing environment. The scope of the EIA study includes detailed characterization of the existing status of the terrestrial and socio-economic environment within the study area, identification of the potential environmental impacts of the project, and formulation of an effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to prevent, control & mitigate the adverse environmental impacts, and ensuring the environmental compliance. Apart from suggesting mitigation measures to the negative impacts, the report suggests implementation of various positive and enhancement measures as a part of project benefit program to people of the nearby areas. This report is based on the TOR approved by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India vide letter- J-11011/49/2014-IA II (I) dated 18th December, 2014.

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

ONGC intends to drill about 12 Developmental Wells in Five ML areas of Golaghat District and Jorhat District of Assam State. The salient features of the project have been summarized in the following table:

Name of the Project : Development Drilling in Jorhat and Golaghat districts Location : Jorhat and Golaghat districts, Assam Total Area of the Jorhat District: Project Borholla ML area - 32.116 km2 Golaghat District: Nambar ML area - 26 km2 East Lakhibari ML area - 8.5 km2 Khoraghat ML area - 3 km2

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Khoraghat Extension ML area - 83 km2 Total - 120.5 km2 Number of Proposed : Total 12 wells (4 wells in Jorhat and 8 wells in Wells Golaghat District) Jorhat District: Borholla ML area - 4 wells Golaghat District: Nambar ML area - 4 wells East Lakhibari ML area - 1 well

Khoraghat and Khoraghat - 3 wells Extension ML area Total Estimated Drilling upto 45 days for shallower wells (depth upto 2500 m) Period for each Well 2 to 3 months for Deeper wells (depth > 2500 m). Proposed Drilling Fluid Water-based Mud System for each well Type of Hydrocarbon : Oil and Gas Expected Estimated Cost of the : INR 240 Crores Project

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The study area comprises of the Nambar ML area, East Lakhibari ML area, Khoraghat ML area and Khoraghat Extension ML area and Borholla ML area with an area of 32.116 sq. km. and 120.5 sq. km. The existing/ baseline environmental set-up of the Study Area has been studied during the months of October 2015 to December 2015 as described in following sub- headings.

Geology & Topography

The Golaghat and Jorhat Districts are located on younger and older alluvial plains of Brahmaputra valley. The two districts lie in the Upper Brahmaputra Valley (NAEB). Due to the extreme geostatic pressures exerted on the landmass during the creation of the Himalayas have resulted in Assam having large areas of sedimentary deposits leading to formation of huge oil reserves. The two districts has significant oil and gas reserves. The oil and gas in Upper Assam till 1980s was found in the Barail Group of Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene age and the Tipam Group of Upper Miocene age. However during the last decade oil and gas accumulations have been discovered within the Langpar and Lakadong formations of Paleocene to Lower Eocene age. In the Khoraghat and Nambar fields situated in southeastern part of the Dhansiri Valley, oil occurs in the Bokabil Formation (Middle Miocene) which is not developed towards north in the Brahmaputra valley. In the Borholla oil field, oil occurs in fractured granitic basement rock of Precambrian age (DGH India, 2010).

Seismic Consideration

According to seismic-zoning map of India [IS 1893: 2002], the study region falls in Zone V of the seismic zones of India.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Climate and Meteorology

The Golaghat and Jorhat District lies in the Hot sub-humid (moist) to humid (inclusion of per- humid) eco-regions (NRSC & CWC, 2014). The climate is dominated by the subtropical monsoon which is normally active from April to October with occasional winter showers. At times approach of monsoon is also marked by cyclones in April and May. The plains get flooded. Autumn and winter are dry seasons.

The yearly rainfall for Golaghat district varied from minimum 1232 mm to maximum 1871 mm with an average rainfall of 1450 mm. The yearly rainfall for Jorhat district varied from minimum 1380 mm to maximum 2112 mm with an average rainfall of 1755 mm.

The temperature varies from 03oC to 37oC and 04oC to 37oC (October to December) in Golaghat and Jorhat Districts respectively.

Land Use

The Land Use Land Cover (LULC) within the block have been studied and it can be broadly classified into seven major categories, namely, settlements, fallow land, agricultural land, vegetation cover, open land, sand bar and river. The land use distribution of the study area is given below in Table 1.

Table 1: Land Use Distribution of the Study Area

Khoraghat ML, Borholla ML East Lakhibari Khoraghat-ext. ML area ML area Sl. Landuse and Nambar ML area No. Category Area Area % Area km2 % % km2 km2 1 Settlement 1.75 5 12.95 12 1.91 22 2 Agricultural Land 9.43 29 0 - 1.24 15 3 Vegetation Cover 16.12 50 20.6 18 2.23 26 4 Fallow Land 4.82 15 0 - 1.21 14 5 Open Land 0 - 70.5 63 1.92 23 6 Sand Bar 0 - 2.4 2 0 - 7 River 0 - 5.57 5 0 - Total 32.1 100 112.0 100 8.51 100

Soil Quality

Five soil samples were collected from different places within the study area. The sampling and analysis of soil were carried out as per standards of IS: 2720. It was observed from the analyzed data that the soil of the study area is Loamy Sand to Clay in nature. The average value of pH is 6.58, it denotes that the soil is neutral in nature. The soil has brownish appearance and possess good amount of the nutrient elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Water Quality

Nine water samples were collected from ground and surface water bodies in the Study Area. Four surface water samples were collected from different places within the Study Area. Five

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ground water samples were collected from representative places within the study area. The sampling and analysis of water were carried out as per Standard Methods of Water and Wastewater Analysis (APHA). The result of water samples is compared with IS: 10500-2012 drinking water standard to assess their suitability for drinking purpose.

Ground Water: It is observed from the analyzed data that the content of Iron in ground water samples is higher (varied between 1.5 to 2.2 mg/l) than the desirable limits of IS: 10500:2012, because of naturally high level, which is also reported by the CGWB. The pH of the samples was in the range of 6.9 to 8.2, which is within the prescribed drinking water (DW) limit. Electrical conductivity values varied in a wide range of 296μs/cm to 418μs/cm indicating the presence of considerable amount of ionic matter in ground water. The phenolic compounds, Oil & Grease, Mercury and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) content are found below detection limit in all ground water samples. The other parameters have been found to be within the limits as per standards.

Surface Water: The pH of the surface water samples was found little alkaline in nature, it ranges between 7.9 to 8.5. Total hardness and Alkalinity were found in the range of 106 to 132 mg/l and 115 to 1164 mg/l, respectively, which were also within the DW limit. Phenolic compounds, Oil & Grease and Mercury content of all samples are below detection limit. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were in the range of 5.2 to 7.6 mg/l, 13 and 23 mg/l and 3.0 to 5.0 mg/l, respectively. The other parameters have been found to be within the limits as per standards.

Analytical results indicate the absence of pollution in these water sources both industrial and domestic pollution. This is also evident from the surrounding land use land cover, which is deviated from anthropogenic activities in the surrounding areas.

Air Quality

Air quality was monitored at Eight different locations within the study area. The 24-hourly 3 3 average of PM10 levels varied station wise between 39.7 µg/m to 64.4 µg/m . The 24-hourly 3 3 average values of SO2 varied between 3.92 µg/m to 6.78 µg/m . The 24-hourly average NO2 level measured in the study area ranged between 9.24 µg/m3 and 16.53 µg/m3. The analytical

result of value reveals that the concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NOx were found within the prescribed standard limits at all the monitoring locations. VOC and HC (methane and non- methane) was also monitored. VOC was found below dateable limit. The average values of Methane and Non-Methane varied between 0.79 µg/m3 to 2.1 µg/m3 and 0.23 µg/m3 to 1.0 µg/m3 respectively.

Noise Quality

Ambient noise intensity at Eight locations within the study area has been collected. Noise monitoring was carried out on a 24-hour basis to assess the baseline noise-levels and to evaluate the impact. The values of noise level, which were recorded, was in the range of 41.5 - 67.8 dB (A) during daytime and 30.0 – 59.8 dB (A) during nighttime

Biological Characteristics

There are no eco-sensitive areas or forest or wild life sanctuaries within the 10 km of the study area. The nearest Wildlife Sanctuary is the Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary from the

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boundary of East Lakhibari ML areas at a distance of 10.5 km. Other sensitive areas are at a distance greater than 25 km.

The floristic composition of the Golaghat and Jorhat district is very rich; most of the plants are tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen variety. Secondary data obtained from the Forest department was evaluated to assess the floristic structure of the study area. Major tree species found in the area are Sida, Dimaru, aam, segun, Nahar, bel etc. Common wild fauna are Swamp Deer, Butterflies, Honeybee, Great Indian Hornbill, Bengal Florican, White wing Wood Duck, etc.

Socio-Economic Environment

The Nambar, Khoraghat, Khoraghat Extension and East Lakhibari ML areas in Golaghat district cover approximately 67 villages and the Borholla ML area in Jorhat district cover around 20 villages as per Census 2011. The demographic profile of the study area is given in Table 2 and Table 3.

Table 2: Demographic Details of the Study Area in Jorhat District

Sl. Name of Total no. of Population Literates No. Villages Households Male Female Total Male Female Total Borholla ML Area 1. Rajabari Panjan 363 944 833 1777 636 447 1083 2. Gaharichowa 276 708 670 1378 520 421 941 3. Kaliapani T.E. 99 229 227 456 159 138 297 4. Cherelipather 344 802 774 1576 585 461 1046 5. Khemakachari 359 794 745 1539 690 623 1313 6. Borholla T.E. 821 1927 1811 3738 1098 764 1862 7. Garjan Gaon 327 803 785 1588 589 479 1068 8. Sildubi 328 800 802 1602 526 463 989 No.2 Kakadonga 9. 448 1042 1016 2058 850 763 1613 Habi 10. Borholla Grant 280 689 637 1326 544 427 971 No.1 Kakadonga 11. 325 797 801 1598 678 605 1283 Habi Gaon 12. Matikhula Gaon 143 359 337 696 291 243 534 13. Miri Gaon 351 846 813 1659 693 574 1267 14. No,1 Block 385 948 862 1810 755 581 1336 15. No.2 Block 278 669 643 1312 550 487 1037 16. No.3 Block 543 1338 1270 2608 1090 910 2000 17. Halfmile Bell 551 1435 1332 2767 1161 929 2090 18. No.4 Block 357 867 817 1684 721 573 1294 19. Nagabal Gaon 218 523 518 1041 392 332 724 20. Sukanjun 328 788 780 1568 668 617 1285 (Source: Census of India, 2011)

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Table 3: Demographic Details of the Study Area in Golaghat District

Sl. Total no. of Population Literates Name of Villages No. Households Male Female Total Male Female Total Khoraghat & Nambar ML Area 1. Ajharguri No.2 51 137 117 254 83 60 143 2. Kathonipur 26 56 55 111 44 31 75 3. Madhupur No.1 58 186 151 337 134 95 229 4. Madhupur No.2 364 1066 1021 2087 408 333 741 5. Kamalpur 33 75 75 150 61 52 113 6. Ranipukhuri 98 263 209 472 127 69 196 7. Rajapukhuri 95 226 218 444 157 139 296 8. Chetonapur 77 185 188 373 102 82 184 9. Lakhinagar No.1 136 299 349 648 239 188 427 10. Lakhinagar No.2 79 163 189 352 133 108 241 11. Bidyapur 363 1145 1052 2197 650 484 1134 12. Janakpur 39 96 96 192 77 64 141 13 Hatidubi 176 439 434 873 257 222 479 14 Navajyoti 75 185 168 353 144 120 264 Majgaon 15 Misamari 13 20 28 48 12 14 26 16 Bordondi No.1 28 71 58 129 53 36 89 17 Bordondi No.2 85 221 216 437 158 116 274 18 Goroibil 47 108 124 232 72 60 132 19 Dhonpur No.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 Tamulpur 37 92 100 192 75 70 145 21 Lotapur 43 106 97 203 70 51 121 22 Haldhibari 183 490 387 877 314 185 499 23 Jordolong No.1 41 97 105 202 69 56 125 24 Dimorujan 85 189 179 368 143 97 240 25 Jurpukhuri 33 74 89 163 54 48 102 26 Benganabari 51 138 126 264 92 69 161 27 Da-Kawalipathar 75 165 158 323 122 88 210 No.1 28 Da-Kawalipathar 30 63 53 116 43 29 72 No.2 29 Jordolong No.2 52 132 111 243 106 74 180 30 Jahajibosti 45 132 129 261 65 53 118 31 Gholapani 114 235 216 451 144 121 265 32 Lachit Gaon No.2 190 533 518 1051 380 301 681 33 Lachit Gaon No.1 80 220 194 414 162 104 266 34 Bilgaon 151 346 353 699 253 230 483 35 Santipur No.2 46 108 109 217 82 63 145

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Sl. Total no. of Population Literates Name of Villages No. Households Male Female Total Male Female Total 36 Majgaon 117 293 268 561 174 125 299 37 Chetiagaon No.1 205 667 492 1159 468 249 717 38 Chetiagaon No.2 98 250 220 470 153 92 245 39 Kempur 53 168 154 322 87 59 146 40 Krishnapur 265 804 773 1577 416 294 710 41 Chainpur 201 567 516 1083 312 202 514 42 Ratanpur 88 237 253 490 107 83 190 43 Jordolong No.1 62 138 149 287 111 92 203 44 Jordolong No.2 32 96 107 203 73 61 134 45 Santipur 106 286 275 561 174 129 303 46 Sonalinagar No.1 28 67 65 132 57 39 96 47 Sonalinagar No.2 174 417 409 826 313 245 558 48 Thaigirguri 74 168 167 335 119 104 223 49 Owabari 50 101 94 195 81 67 148 50 Ranipukhuri 135 317 294 611 232 195 427 51 Milonpur 26 60 53 113 41 32 73 52 Chaluk Pathar 212 592 565 1157 419 331 750 No.1 53 Chaluk Pathar 99 240 244 484 159 113 272 No.2 54 Chaluk Pathar 214 642 613 1255 340 276 616 No.3 55 Rangmaipur 61 126 122 248 98 69 167 56 Rajapukhuri No.2 56 159 159 318 119 83 202 57 Rajapukhuri No.3 176 535 551 1086 276 222 498 58 Rajapukhuri No.1 60 175 162 337 106 62 168 59 Gouri Pathar 26 64 49 113 54 41 95 60 Kuki Bosti 94 246 253 499 190 183 373 61 Aao Bosti 55 127 140 267 86 87 173 62 Tengatol Bosti 28 84 84 168 63 36 99 63 Nepali Bosti 53 140 124 264 104 66 170 64 Pukhuri Para 119 317 309 626 241 220 461 65 Tokse Naga Bosti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 East Lakhibari ML Area 66 Ghiladhari 981 2337 2324 4661 2457 1411 1046 67 Merapani 717 1914 1604 3518 1546 1200 2746 (Source: Census of India, 2011)

4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The proposed project of Developmental Drilling includes the following activities:  Site preparation (clearance of land, earthing, digging, etc)  Drilling Operations (deployment of rigs, etc)  Atmospheric emissions (gas flaring, vehicular emissions, etc)

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 Operational discharges  Noise levels  Solid/Wastewater/Hazardous waste generation  Use of resources such as water requirement during land clearing activities etc & other operations (drilling, etc) and fuel for D.G sets for power generation  Transport of personnel and materials  Fuel storage and handling

Based upon the aspect impact interaction and baseline information, the following impacts are anticipated for which suitable mitigation measures have been proposed.

Air Environment

The site preparation activities (such as clearance of land, etc), operation of generators and other machineries & equipments, gas flaring activities, transportation of materials & personnel, and fugitive emissions have the impact on air quality. However, the impacts during the drilling shall be temporary, restricted to the construction site and adoption of suitable measures (such as routine maintenance of the vehicles/machineries, etc); whereas impacts during the drilling operation phase shall be minimized by adopting good maintenance practices and suitable measures such as adequate stack height, special flare tip design for effective combustion etc.

Noise Quality

The main sources of noise generation during the construction and operation phase are:

 Site preparation activities (earth work, digging, etc)  Operation of machineries and equipments (such as generators, compressors, fluid pumps, mud pumps, etc)  Movement of vehicles

These activities may affect the surrounding social and ecological environment. However, impacts due to these activities have been envisaged to be local and temporary in drilling phase and also, adopting suitable measures such as routine maintenance of vehicles/machineries, use of noise attenuation devices, shall minimize the impacts during drilling and operation phase.

Water Quality

The water quality is likely to get affected due to operational & domestic discharges and accidental spillage of lubricants, oil & other chemicals from the operation of rigs and other equipments & machineries. However, these impacts shall be mitigated by formulation of waste management plan, wherein wastewater generated from during drilling and operation activities shall be subjected to suitable treatment (such as mobile ETP) prior to its final disposal.

Soil Quality

The quality of soil is likely to get affected due to accidental spillage of lubricants & other chemicals, operational discharges, site preparation activities (such as removal of top soil due to land clearance, etc) wastewater discharges, and deployment of rigs, etc. However impacts

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shall be mitigated by adoption of suitable measures and implementation of waste management plan.

Biological Environment

The impacts on flora and fauna may occur due to site preparation activities (land clearance, etc), gas flaring activities, movement of vehicles, noise generation from machineries & equipments, operational discharges and accidental spillage of oil, lubricants and other chemicals during drilling and operation phase. However, these impacts shall be local and minimized by adopting suitable measures (such as adequate flare tip design, use of noise attenuation devices, waste management plan etc).

Socio-Economic Environment

The near by human settlement is likely to get affected due to proposed activities (such as movement of vehicles, operation of generators, compressors and other machineries & equipments, gas flaring activities, etc) during drilling and operation phase. However, these adoptions of suitable mitigation measures such as use of PPEs, implementation of waste management plan etc shall minimize the occupational health hazards and impacts on local community, thereby contributing to the net positive impacts on socio-economic environment.

The proposed activities will generate indirect employment opportunities in the region. The proposed project will also result in the implementation of social welfare project as per Company’s CSR policy and improvement in existing infrastructure facilities (such as roads, etc).

5. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM

An Environmental Monitoring Program is suggested to monitor environmental parameters during the proposed activities. The Monitoring program is given in the following sections.

Pre Drilling Phase

Air Quality: Once prior to drilling, monitor the NOX, SO2, PM10 VOCs and HC parameters at drilling site.

Surface Water Quality: The analysis of pH, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, BOD, COD, O&G, and heavy metals (Zinc, lead, iron, nickel, cadmium and chromium) are to be monitored where water up to 1 Km radius from drilling site, once prior to drilling.

Noise Quality: Monitor the background noise levels at the drilling site, once prior to drilling.

Clearing of tress (if existing): Inventory of tress will be carried out prior to drilling operation.

During Drilling Phase

Natural Resources: Daily monitor the quantity of each type of material (including water consumption) and fuel used at drilling site during drilling operation phase.

Air Quality: Monitor the NOX, SO2, PM10 VOCs and HC parameters at drilling site, once in a six month.

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Surface Water Quality: The analysis of pH, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, BOD, COD, O&G, and heavy metals (Zinc, lead, iron, nickel, cadmium and chromium) are to be monitored where water up to 1 Km radius from drilling site, once in season.

Noise Quality: Monitor the noise level and maintenance of machineries at the project site, once during the drilling at drilling site.

Drilling Waste: During the drilling operation phase, monitor and record the generation of waste quantity on daily basis at drilling site; whereas quantification, characterization of drill cuttings and its safe disposal as per G.S.R. 546 (E), dated 30/08/05.

Post Drilling Phase

Drilling Waste: At the end of the drilling operation, the quantification, characterization of drill cuttings and its safe disposal as per G.S.R. 546 (E), dated 30/08/05.

Surface Water Quality: The analysis of pH, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, BOD, COD, O&G, and heavy metals (Zinc, lead, iron, nickel, cadmium and chromium) at the same location where pre and during drilling phase monitoring was done. Once after the closing of drilled well.

Compensatory tree plantation: If tree cutting is involved during drilling phase, Survival rate of tree saplings was carried out once in every three years at tree plantation locations.

6. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

Risk Assessment

ONGC is committed to maintain high standards for health and safety at all times. However, on rare occasions, an unplanned event can have the potential to jeopardize the safety of the crew and cause environmental damage. Potential non-routine events that may occur during the proposed activities drilling activities:

 Blowout  Oil Spills

 H2S Emissions  Gas leakage  Fire (if gas comes in contact with source of ignition)  Occupational Hazards Specific procedures and training will be carried out to ensure that the correct action would be taken in the event of unplanned occurring. The drill site will be equipped with suitable safety measures such as fire fighting facility (fire suit, fire extinguisher, gas sensors etc), medical facilities, etc. The operating personnel will be provided PPEs and trained for such an eventuality and the key responsible people will be required to hold relevant well control certifications.

Disaster Management Plan and Emergency Response Plan The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) and Emergency Response Plan (ERP) also includes in this chapter. The objectives of DMP and ERP are to:

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 Obtain an early warning of emergency conditions so as to prevent a negative impact on personnel, the environment and assets.  Immediate response to emergency with effective communication and organized procedures.  Safeguard personnel to prevent injuries or loss of life by either protecting personnel from the hazard or evacuating them from the facilities.  Minimize the impact of such an event on the environment and the facilities by mitigating the potential for escalation and, where possible, containing the release. The following key elements of DMP and ERP are:  Contingency plan  Accident prevention procedures/measures  Accident/emergency response planning procedures  Onsite and offsite crisis management, communication, contact information etc.

7. PROJECT BENEFITS The project will enhance reliable hydrocarbon supplies, which will bring economic benefits and provide indirect employment opportunities to the local people and also benefit the area by way of improvement in existing infrastructure.

8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Site-specific Environment Management Plans (EMP) has been developed to prevent and mitigate significant adverse impacts and to accentuate beneficial impacts which shall be implemented by ONGC for the proposed project. The relevant mitigation measures are proposed for the following environment issues.  Rig Mobilization  Wastewater and Effluent Management  Fuels, Lubricants and Chemicals  Non-routine events and accidental releases (Well kicks, blow out)  Air emissions  Noise and Vibration  Solid wastes (hazardous and non-hazardous waste)  Soil quality  Ecological Impacts  Socio-economic impacts To facilitate field level implementation, a waste management plan is framed which will be subjected to fine tuning depending on site conditions. Appropriate measures and engineering practices will be taken as per established standards and requirements such as adequate stack height, effluent discharge as per CPCB standards, installation of generators set as per notified norms by MoEF, installation of HSD Tanks, fire protection system and occupational health safety program as per OISD Standards etc. Socio-economic welfare plan shall also be implemented as per company’s CSR policy. Environmental training is also an essential part, which will help to ensure that the requirements of the EMP are clearly understood and followed by all project personnel throughout the project period for operations.

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9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ONGC had proposed Developmental Drilling of 12 wells in Five ML areas of Golaghat (Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML areas) and Jorhat (Borholla ML area) Districts of Assam State. This EIA study has been conducted for identification of impacts based on the analyzed data (collection from primary and secondary sources) and mitigation measures for minimizing any environmental impact due to the project operations has been suggested. Impacts due to operation of machineries and equipments, operational discharges, accidental spillage of lubricants, oil and other chemicals, movement of vehicles, gas flaring activities, etc during drilling and operational phase may affect the surrounding environment. However, all these impacts shall be minimized by adopting suitable measures, suggested in Environment Management Plan (EMP). As a result of the control measures and management processes in place, there should be no significant impact resulting from the proposed operations. In general, this project will bring economic benefits, increase energy security of the country and generate employment opportunities.

10. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. (ACE) is QCI-NABET accredited EIA consulting organization (Certificate No.: NABET/EIA/1013/012) for varied sectors including Onshore And Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Development and Transportation of Oil and Gas through Pipelines (Category A). ACE has been awarded ISO 9001: 2008 certified (Certificate no: 22340/10/S) by RINA, to provide consultancy services for water supply, waste water treatment, municipal solid waste management, environment and social impact assessment, environment impact and audit, remote sensing and geographical information systems. ACE has provided its consulting services and has successfully completed projects in India and other countries including Mongolia, U.A.E., Vietnam, etc. ACE has carried out EIA and EMP studies for Oil & Gas, infrastructure and industrial developmental sectors; HSE compliance audits; and has also been involved in design of water supply, wastewater management, industrial waste treatment, solid wastes and hazardous wastes management systems.

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IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Assam is one of the most vibrant states in the North Eastern region of India and is rich in important natural resources that appeal many investors to set up their production and manufacturing units in the state. It is blessed with huge quantities of river water, abundant limestone, dolomite and coal resources and has enormous potential of hydrocarbon production. The Assam & Assam Arakan Basin with major tectonic elements has rich deposits of these hydro carbons including both Crude oil and gas. The basin has been explored for more than 60 years now and ONGC has been instrumental in exploring these oil reserves. ONGC has found high potential oil and gas reserves in the Golaghat and Jorhat districts of Assam. Extending the exploration of these reserves, ONGC proposes 12 wells for Onshore Development drilling in the Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension Mining lease areas in the Golaghat district and Borholla Mining lease area in the Jorhat district of Assam. The estimated cost of the proposed project is INR 240.00 crores. Figure 1.1 shows the project location map.

Figure 1.1: Project Location map

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1.1.1 Project Objectives and Benefits

As per a report published by FICCI, India is the fifth largest energy consumer in the world. While the world consumes 12000 million tonnes of oil equivalent (mtoe) of energy resources, India consumes 4.4% of the world total (524.2 mtoe). Of the total primary energy consumption basket, oil and gas constitute 45% share in the total energy basket mix. About 78 per cent of India„s petroleum consumption is met from imports (mostly of crude oil), while about 25% of natural gas (including LNG) consumption comes from imports. It is estimated that in the coming years, the import dependency for crude oil alone would reach above 90% level.

Thus, Development of existing oil reserves has become a necessity to bridge the rising demand-supply gap, reduce import dependency and make ourselves resilient to the external factors of economic and political disruptions in the sourcing nations. Considering this scenario, ONGC proposes development of oil and gas reserves by development drilling of 12 wells in Golagahat and Jorhat districts of Assam. The development of these projects will reduce the dependency of India on import of oil by adding to the availability of energy sources in the country. It will also have a socio-economic benefit at the local level by development of infrastructure like Roads, Drainage etc. and by providing employment opportunities.

1.1.2 Project Proponent

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. It is India's largest oil and gas exploration and Production Maharatna Status Company with crude oil, natural gas, LPG, NGL, Petrol, HSD etc. as the key products. It produces around 70% of India's crude oil (equivalent to around 25% of the country's total demand) and around 60% of its natural gas (ONGC). Along with hydrocarbons, ONGC has expanded its horizon to emerging domains of renewable and other alternative sources of energy. With a market capitalization of over INR 2 trillion, it is one of India's most valuable publicly-traded companies.

1.1.3 EIA Consultant

Development of any oil and gas exploration project requires Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study as per the regulatory requirements and best practices. ONGC has proposed to conduct an EIA study for „Development Drilling of 4 wells in Borholla ML block, Jorhat District and drilling of 8 wells in Nambar ML area, East Lakhibari ML area, Khoraghat ML area and Khoraghat Extension ML area in Golaghat district, Assam” and has engaged M/s Asian Consulting Engineers Private Limited for the EIA studies and preparation of an Environment Management plan.

This report pertains to the EIA study for “Development Drilling of 4 wells in Borholla ML block, Jorhat District and drilling of 8 wells in Nambar ML area, East Lakhibari ML area, Khoraghat ML area and Khoraghat Extension ML area in Golaghat district, Assam” and to obtain Environmental Clearance (EC) form the MoEF, Government of India.

Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. (ACE) is QCI-NABET accredited EIA Consulting Organization (Certificate No.: NABET/EIA/1013/012) for varied sectors including Offshore and Onshore Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production & Oil and Gas transportation

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through pipelines. The Quality Management System of ACE is ISO 9001:2008 Certified. ACE has provided its consulting services and has successfully completed projects in India and other countries including Mongolia, U.A.E., Vietnam, etc. ACE has carried out EIA and EMP studies for Oil & Gas, Infrastructure and Industrial Developmental Sectors; HSE Compliance Audits; and has also been involved in Design of Water Supply, Wastewater Management, Industrial Waste Treatment, Solid Wastes and Hazardous Wastes Management Systems.

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF ML AREAS OF JORHAT AND GOLAGHAT DISTRICTS

The blocks awarded to ONGC fall in the Jorhat and Golaghat districts of Assam. In total 12 wells are proposed to be drilled at Borholla ML area (4 wells) in Jorhat District as well as Nambar ML area (4 wells), East Lakhibari ML area (1 well), Khoraghat ML area and Khoraghat Extension ML area (3 wells) in Golaghat districts of Assam. The total ML area of Jorhat district and Golaghat district is 32.116 sq. km. and 120.5 sq. km. respectively.

1.3 LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

ONGC activities will conform to all National and International legislations, regulations, conventions, etc., relating to aspects of hydrocarbon operations in India. The project shall abide by the Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) Guidelines and Standards. Recognizing the need of Environmental Safety, Operator has established an HSE Policy towards Environmental Protection. A list of applicable Acts and Rules is described in Table 1.1 below.

Table 1.1: Applicable Acts and Guidelines

Issues Applicable Legislation Hazardous 1) The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules there under - Substances & a) Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Wastes Movement) Rules, 2008 and amendments thereafter; b) Guidelines for disposal of solid wastes by Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction industry as notified, vide notification dated GSR 176 (E) April 1996; c) Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals 1989 and amendments thereafter. d) Solid waste, drill cutting and drilling fluids disposal for onshore drilling operation as per vide GSR. 546(E) dated 30th August, 2005 2) The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Rules 1991 3) Central Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules, 1989 4) The Petroleum Act, 1934 Water 5) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and amendments thereafter 6) The Environment Protection Act, 1986 - Standards for liquid discharge by Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction industry as notified vide notification dated GSR 176 (E) April 1996. Air 7) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereafter. 8) The Environment Protection Act, 1986 – Guidelines for discharge for gaseous emissions by Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction industry as notified vide notification dated GSR 176 (E) April 1996 9) The Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2002 – Emission Standards for New Generator Sets. 10) The Motor Vehicles Act, 1938 and amendments thereafter.

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Issues Applicable Legislation Noise 11) The Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2002 (Noise Limits for New Generator Sets). 12) The Noise (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000. Safety and 13) Oil Mines Regulations, 1984. Protection 14) Oil Field (Regulation and Development) Act 1948 and The Petroleum against & Natural Gas Rules, 1959 and amendments thereafter. Pollution of Environment

The project is also designed so as to abide by the guidelines set out by The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India on various Environmental Management issues.

The EIA process has been undertaken to meet the requirements of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.

1.4 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY

The scope of the EIA study includes identification of the potential environmental impacts of the project and formulation of an effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to prevent, control & mitigate the adverse environmental impacts, and ensure environmental compliance. The Terms of Reference (ToR) for this project were approved by MOEF vide J- 11011/49/2014-IA II (I) dated 18th December, 2014 as given below. The copy of approved ToR along with Form - 1 and Pre-Feasibility Report (PFR) is annexed as Annexure - I.

The Committee prescribed the following TORs for the preparation of EIA/EMP report:

1) Executive summary of project 2) Project description, project objectives and project benefits 3) A certified copy of the report of the status of compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environmental clearance and Consent to Operate for the ongoing /existing operation of the project by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests and SPCB. 4) Site details within 1 km of the each proposed well, any habitation, any other installation/activity, flora and fauna, approachability to site, other activities including agriculture/land, satellite imagery for 10 km area. All the geological details shall be mentioned in the Toposheet of 1 :40000 scale, superimposing the well locations and other structures of the projects 5) CRZ clearance/ recommendation from State Coastal Zone Management Authority, if applicable. 6) Details of forest land involved in the proposed project. A copy of forest clearance letter, if applicable. 7) Permission from the State Forest Department regarding the impact of the proposed project on the surrounding National Park/Wild life Sanctuary/Reserve Forest/Eco sensitive area, if any. Approval obtained from the State/Central Government under Forest (Conservation Act, 1980 for the forestland shall be submitted. 8) Distance from nearby critically/severely polluted area as per Notification, if applicable. 9) Does proposal involves rehabilitation and resettlement? If yes, details thereof. 10) Details of project cost.

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11) Environmental considerations in the selection of the drilling locations for which environmental clearance is being sought. Present any analysis suggested for minimizing the footprint giving details of drilling and development options considered 12) Baseline data collection for air, water and soil for one season leaving the monsoon season in an area of 10 km radius with centre of Oil Field as its centre covering the area of all proposed drilling wells. a. Topography of the project site. b. Ambient Air Quality monitoring at 8 locations for PM10, S02, NOx, VOCs, Methane and non-methane HC. c. Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical properties) at the areas located at 5 locations d. Ground and surface water quality in the vicinity of the proposed wells site. e. Climatology and Meteorology including wind speed, wind direction, temperature rainfall relative humidity etc. f. Measurement of Noise levels within 1 km radius of the proposed wells. g. Vegetation and land use; Animal resources 13) Incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation. 14) Potential environmental impact envisages during various stages of project activities such as site activation, development, operation/ maintenance and decommissioning. 15) Actual source of water and 'Permission' for the drawl of water from the Competent Authority. Detailed water balance, wastewater generation and discharge. 16) Noise abatement measures and measures to minimize disturbance due to light and visual intrusions in case coastally located. 17) Treatment and disposal of waste water. 18) Treatment and disposal of solid waste generation. 19) Disposal of spent oil and lube. 20) Storage-of chemicals and diesel at site. 21) Commitment for the use of WBM only 22) Mud make-up and mud and cutting disposal - all options considered shall be listed with selective option. 23) Hazardous material usage, storage accounting and disposal. 24) Disposal of packaging waste from site 25) Oil spill emergency plans in respect of recovery/ reclamation. 26) H2S emissions control. 27) Produced oil handling and storage 28) Details of scheme for oil collection system along with process flow diagram and its capacity. 29) Details of control of air, water and noise pollution in oil collection system. 30) Disposal of produced/formation water. 31) Whether any burn pits being utilized for well test operations 32) Restoration and decommissioning plans which shall include mud pits and wastage restoration also and documentation and monitoring of site recovery. 33) Measures to protect ground water and shallow aquifers from contamination.

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34) Risk assessment and disaster management plan for independent reviews of well designed construction etc. for prevention of blowout. 35) Environmental management plan. 36) Documentary proof of membership of common disposal facilities, if any 37) Details of environmental and safety related documentation within the company including documentation and proposed occupational health and safety Surveillance Safety Programme for all personnel at site. This shall also include monitoring programme for the environmental. 38) Total capital and recurring cost for environmental control measures. 39) A copy of Corporate Environment Policy of the company as per the Ministry's O.M. No. J-11 013/41 /2006-IAII(I) dated 26th April, 2011 available on the Ministry's website. 40) Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised and commitments made by the project proponent on the same should be included in EIAIEMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitments made. 41) Any litigation pending against the project and or any direction/order passed by any court of law against the project. If so details thereof. 42) A tabular chart with index for point-wise compliance of above TORs. The following general points should be noted: (i) All documents should be properly indexed, page numbered. (ii) Period/date of data collection should be clearly indicated. (iii) Authenticated English translation of all material provided in Regional languages. (iv) The letter/application for EC should quote the MOEF file No. and also attach a copy of the letter. (v) A copy of the letter received from the Ministry should be also attached as an annexure to the final EIA-EMP Report. (vi) The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Ministry must incorporate the issues in this letter. The index of the final EIA-EMP report must indicate the specific chapter and page no. of the EIA-EMP Report where the above issues have been incorporated. (vii) „Certificate of Accreditation‟ issued by the QCI to the environmental consultant should be included.

1.5 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY OF THE EIA STUDY

1.5.1 Approach of the EIA Study

The EIA study basically includes establishment of the present environmental scenario within the study area. EIA report consists of study of the specific activities related to the project and evaluation of the probable environmental impacts, thus, leading to the recommendations of necessary environmental pollution control measures. The entire EIA study has been carried out on the basis of the applicable Environmental Legislation, Regulations and Guidelines of MoEF, Government of India.

1.5.2 Establishment of Baseline Environmental Status

A comprehensive database on the baseline environmental status/conditions of the study area has been established through review, compilation & analysis of:

 Existing published secondary data/ literature/ information collected, and

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 Primary data generated/ collected through field study, survey and monitoring.

1.5.3 Field study/ Monitoring for generation of Primary Data

The collected secondary data has been appropriately supplemented by conducting the necessary primary data generation/ collection through field study/monitoring. The field monitoring has been carried out as per the guidelines of CPCB & BIS and requirement of the MoEF.

1) Soil Monitoring: To study the soil characteristics in the study area, soil samples from representative locations in the study area have been collected and analysed for important relevant physical & chemical parameters. 2) Water Quality Monitoring: For drawing up the baseline data on water quality, water quality monitoring has been conducted at representative locations in the study area. Ground and Surface water samples have been collected and analyzed for important relevant physical and chemical parameters. 3) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: For drawing up the baseline status of ambient air

quality in the study area, ambient air quality monitoring in respect of PM10, SO2, NO2, HC and VOC has been conducted at representative locations in the study area. 4) Noise Monitoring: To establish the ambient noise scenario in the study area, monitoring of ambient noise level has been carried out at the representative locations in the study area using a suitable portable sound level meter over a period of twenty-four hours.

1.5.4 Environmental Impact Assessment

This includes collection of primary data through field investigations, environmental monitoring and secondary data from sources like Maps, Reports and Scientific Literatures etc. The collected data is then analyzed for identification of impacts and cost effective mitigation measures are suggested. The Environmental Impact Assessment has been conducted in accordance with the norms and guidelines of the MoEF/CPCB Government of India.

A point-wise compliance of approved ToR for proposed project is given in Table 1.2.

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Table 1.2: TOR Compliance Status for Development Drilling in Golaghat and Jorhat Districts, Assam

S. No. TOR Requirement Status 1 Executive summary of a project Complied. 2 Project description, project objectives and project benefits Chapter 2; Section 2.1 to 2.8. Chapter 7; Section 7.1. A certified copy of the report of the status of compliance of the conditions stipulated in the Annexure - II. 3 environmental clearance and Consent to Operate for the ongoing /existing operation of the project by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests and SPCB. Site details within 1 km of the each proposed well, any habitation, any other installation/activity, Chapter 3; Section 3.4.3 & Section 3.3.1. flora and fauna, approachability to site, other activities including agriculture/land, satellite imagery 4 for 10 km area. All the geological details shall be mentioned in the Topo sheet of 1 :40000 scale, superimposing the well locations and other structures of the projects 5 CRZ clearance/ recommendation from State Coastal Zone Management Authority, if applicable. Not Applicable. Chapter 3; Section 3.4.3. 6 Details of forest land involved in the proposed project. A copy of forest clearance letter, if applicable.

Permission from the State Forest Department regarding the impact of the proposed project on the No eco-sensitive area is located within 10 km surrounding National Park/Wild life Sanctuary/Reserve Forest/Eco sensitive area, if any. Approval of the study area. 7 obtained from the State/Central Government under Forest (Conservation Act, 1980 for the forestland shall be submitted. 8 Distance from nearby critically/severely polluted area as per Notification, if applicable. Not Applicable. 9 Does proposal involves rehabilitation and resettlement? If yes, details thereof. No. Chapter 1; Section 1.1. 10 Details of project cost. Chapter 2; Section 2.1. Environmental considerations in the selection of the drilling locations for which environmental Chapter 2; Section 2.4. 11 clearance is being sought. Present any analysis suggested for minimizing the footprint giving details of drilling and development options considered

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S. No. TOR Requirement Status 12 Baseline data collection for air, water and soil for one season leaving the monsoon season in an area Chapter 3; Sections 3.2 to 3.4. of 10 km radius with centre of Oil Field as its centre covering the area of all proposed drilling wells. (i) Topography of the project site. (ii) Ambient Air Quality monitoring at 8 locations for PM10, S02, NOx, VOCs, Methane and non- methane HC. (iii) Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical properties) at the areas located at 5 locations (iv) Ground and surface water quality in the vicinity of the proposed wells site. (v) Climatology and Meteorology including wind speed, wind direction, temperature rainfall relative humidity etc. (vi) Measurement of Noise levels within 1 km radius of the proposed wells. (vii) Vegetation and land use; Animal resources

13 Incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation. Chapter 4; Section 4.3.1. Potential environmental impact envisages during various stages of project activities such as site Chapter 4; Section 4.3. 14 activation, development, operation/ maintenance and decommissioning. 15 Actual source of water and 'Permission' for the drawl of water from the Competent Authority. Chapter 2; Section 2.8.2 & Section 2.9.3. Detailed water balance, wastewater generation and discharge. Noise abatement measures and measures to minimize disturbance due to light and visual intrusions in Chapter 2; Section 2.9.1. 16 case coastally located. Chapter 4; Section 4.3.2. 17 Treatment and disposal of waste water. Chapter 4; Section 4.3.3. Chapter 8; Section 8.5. 18 Treatment and disposal of solid waste generation. Chapter 4; Section 4.3.4. Chapter 8; Section 8.5. 19 Disposal of spent oil and lube. Chapter 8; Section 8.5. 20 Storage-of chemicals and diesel at site. Chapter 8; Section 8.3. 21 Commitment for the use of WBM only Chapter 2; Section 2.5.3. Only WBM will be used. 22 Mud make-up and mud and cutting disposal - all options considered shall be listed with selective Chapter 2; Section 2.5.3 & Section 2.9.3.

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S. No. TOR Requirement Status option. Chapter 8; Section 8.3 & Section 8.5. 23 Hazardous material usage, storage accounting and disposal. Chapter 2; Section 2.9.3. Chapter 8; Section 8.3 & Section 8.5. 24 Disposal of packaging waste from site Chapter 8; Section 8.5. 25 Oil spill emergency plans in respect of recovery/ reclamation. Chapter 6; Section 6.2 & Section 6.3. Chapter 8; Section 8.3. 26 H2S emissions control. Chapter 6; Section 6.2. 27 Produced oil handling and storage Chapter 2; Section 2.6. 28 Details of scheme for oil collection system along with process flow diagram and its capacity. Chapter 2; Section 2.6. 29 Details of control of air, water and noise pollution in oil collection system. Chapter 2; Section 2.6; Section 2.9. 30 Disposal of produced/formation water. Chapter 2; Section 2.9.3. 31 Whether any burn pits being utilized for well test operations No. 32 Restoration and decommissioning plans which shall include mud pits and wastage restoration also Chapter 2; Section 2.5.8. and documentation and monitoring of site recovery. Chapter 8; Section 8.6. 33 Measures to protect ground water and shallow aquifers from contamination. Chapter 4; Section 4.3.3. 34 Risk assessment and disaster management plan for independent reviews of well designed Chapter 6; Section 6.2 & Section 6.3. construction etc. for prevention of blowout. 35 Environmental management plan. Chapter 8. 36 Documentary proof of membership of common disposal facilities, if any No. Chapter 8; Section 8.3. 37 Details of environmental and safety related documentation within the company including Chapter 5. documentation and proposed occupational health and safety Surveillance Safety Programme for all Chapter 8; Sections 8.2, 8.4, and 8.7. personnel at site. This shall also include monitoring programme for the environmental. Annexure - III. 38 Total capital and recurring cost for environmental control measures. Chapter 8; Section 8.8.

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S. No. TOR Requirement Status 39 A copy of Corporate Environment Policy of the company as per the Ministry's O.M. No. J-11 013/41 Annexure - IV. /2006-IAII(I) dated 26th April, 2011 available on the Ministry's website. 40 Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised and commitments made by the project proponent on To be Conducted. the same should be included in EIA/EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitments made. 41 Any litigation pending against the project and or any direction/order passed by any court of law No. against the project. If so details thereof. 42 A tabular chart with index for point-wise compliance of above TORs. Chapter 1; Section 1.5.4.

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1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

Chapter 1 : Introduction - Provides a background to the project, the project proponent and environmental legislations / permits applicable to the project; TOR for the EIA study - provides the terms of reference for the Environmental Impact Assessment study for the proposed project.

Chapter 2 : Project Description - Describes the operations associated with the project.

Chapter 3 Description of the - Describes the background environmental Environment characteristics and the other economic activities in the area.

Chapter 4 : Anticipated - Identifies potential environmental impacts due Environmental Impacts to the Proposed Project and applicable & Mitigation Measures mitigation measures.

Chapter 5 : Environmental - Describes the mechanism to address the Monitoring Program adverse environmental impacts during different phases of the project.

Chapter 6 : Additional Studies - This chapter includes Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan. Risk assessment section will accentuate the types of risks associated with exploratory drilling operations and their assessment. Disaster management section illustrates about the emergency preparedness and disaster management plan.

Chapter 7 : Project Benefits - This chapter details the benefits associated with the project to the local community as well as to the nation.

Chapter 8 : Environment - Provides delivery mechanism to address the Management Plan potential environmental impacts.

Chapter 9 : Summary & Conclusion - This chapter summarizes justification for implementation of the project with mitigation measures.

Chapter 10 : Disclosure of - The name of the Consultants engaged with Consultants engaged their brief resume and nature of consultancy engaged.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 KEY INFORMATION

Name of the Project : Development Drilling in Jorhat and Golaghat districts Location : Jorhat and Golaghat districts, Assam Total Area of the Project Jorhat District: Borholla ML area - 32.116 km2 Golaghat District: Nambar ML area - 26 km2 East Lakhibari ML area - 8.5 km2 Khoraghat ML area - 3 km2 Khoraghat Extension ML area - 83 km2 Total - 120.5 km2 Number of Proposed Wells : Total 12 wells (4 wells in Jorhat and 8 wells in Golaghat District) Jorhat District: Borholla ML area - 4 wells Golaghat District: Nambar ML area - 4 wells East Lakhibari ML area - 1 well

Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension - 3 wells ML area Total Estimated Drilling Period for upto 45 days for shallower wells (depth upto 2500 m) each Well 2 to 3 months for Deeper wells (depth > 2500 m). Proposed Drilling Fluid for each Water-based Mud System well Type of Hydrocarbon Expected : Oil/Gas Estimated Cost of the Project : INR 240 Crores

2.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

ONGC is planning Onshore Development drilling of 12 wells in the Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension Mining lease areas in the Golaghat district and Borholla Mining lease area in the Jorhat district of Assam.

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2.3 PROJECT LOCATION

The proposed drilling locations are located in the Borholla ML area of Jorhat district having an area of 32.116 sq. km. and Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML areas of Golaghat district covering an area of 120.5 sq. km.

The geo-graphical co-ordinates of the ML blocks and drilling locations are given in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2 respectively. The project location is depicted in Figure 2.1 & Figure 2.2. A simplified geographical map of hydrocarbon fields and approximate road distance map is shown in Figure 2.3, Figure 2.4 and Figure 2.5 respectively.

Table 2.1: Co-ordinates of the ML blocks

Block/ Boundary Latitude Longitude ML areas Points Degree Minutes Seconds Degree Minutes Seconds A 26 29 27.29 94 12 59.72 F 26 23 4.56 94 10 50.52 Borholla L 26 22 31.85 94 8 3.01 ML K 26 23 51.99 94 8 3.01 M 26 24 8.35 94 9 45.48 N 26 27 49.15 94 9 12.51 N1 26 5 47.57 93 53 12.37 N2 26 4 46.23 93 56 7.45 N3 26 4 9.43 93 55 19.34 Nambar N4 26 3 25.27 93 56 3.89 N5 26 2 31.29 93 55 37.16 N6 26 2 37.43 93 52 5.45 1A 26 22 50.45 94 2 55.5 2B 26 22 5.45 94 4 25.5 3C 26 21 4.09 94 3 31.5 East lakhibari 4D 26 22 7.2 94 0 54 1A 26 22 50.45 94 2 55.5 1A 26 22 50.45 94 2 55.5 2B 26 22 5.45 94 4 25.5 1A 26 4 9.43 93 55 19.34 2B 26 4 46.23 93 56 7.45 Khoraghat 3C 26 4 5.34 93 56 52.89 4D 26 3 25.27 93 56 3.89 1A 26 4 9.43 93 55 19.34 1A 26 5 47.57 93 53 12.37 2B 26 9 23.07 93 56 6.58 3C 26 9 12.44 93 59 55.55 Khoraghat Ext. 4D 26 2 25.57 93 58 17.54 5E 26 2 31.29 93 55 37.36 6F 26 3 25.27 93 56 3.89 7G 26 4 5.34 93 56 52.89

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Block/ Boundary Latitude Longitude ML areas Points Degree Minutes Seconds Degree Minutes Seconds 8H 26 4 46.23 93 56 7.45 1A 26 5 47.57 93 53 12.37

Table 2.2: Co-ordinates of the Drilling Locations

Sl. Block/ Drill ing Latitude Longitude No. ML areas Site Degree Minutes Seconds Degree Minutes Seconds 1 Borholla ML BRDO 26 27 13.25 94 10 26.17 2 BRDN 26 26 1.2 94 10 9.39 3 BRDP 26 26 54.67 94 10 10.57 4 BRDQ 26 26 42.41 94 10 40.75 5 Nambar NRDJ 26 02 51.23 93 53 9.57 6 NRDK 26 03 40.51 93 54 18.43 7 East lakhibari ELDA 26 22 05.34 94 02 45.67

The remaining 05 wells shall also be drilled from the identified locations, depending upon the production testing results of the 07 wells and additional studies planned to be carried out in the future to target deeper prospects. All 12 wells shall be taken up for drilling under different drilling campaigns in a phase-wise manner.

It may however, be noted that some changes in exact drilling locations and programme are always likely based on the findings of additional reservoir studies, development drilling etc. All wells to be drilled from the identified ML areas.

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Figure 2.1: Project Location of Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat ML areas

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Figure 2.2: Project Location of East Lakhibari and Borholla ML areas

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Figure 2.3: Field Geography of Hydrocarbon Reserve Areas

Figure 2.4: Field Geography of Jorhat

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Figure 2.5: Approximate Road Distance Map

2.4 PRIOR TO DRILLING

Drilling operations shall be carried out at the five mining lease areas of the Jorhat and Golaghat districts to extract the trapped hydrocarbons. The estimated drilling period for shallower wells (Depth upto 2500 m) is upto 45 days and Deeper wells (Depth > 2500 m) is 2 to 3 months. The methodology for the oil field is as follows:

2.4.1 Site Survey

The location of 12 wells is considered by ONGC on the recommendation of its Sub- Surface Department, based on the geological data available and the seismic data acquired. A preliminary site survey was undertaken by ONGC drilling team and the Sub Surface team. Apart from the geological and seismic property, habitations and forest area are also considered while selecting drilling sites. Drilling locations are usually located away from habitations, if drilling location falls on the existing habitation, directional drilling is carried out. It means drilling in the nearby area of the habitation and connecting it with the reservoir through tunnelling within the earth to evade the disruption to habitation.

The sequence of events involved after release of location and before Drilling of the Development well is given below:

 Site survey and access road alignment – will be undertaken through qualified consultant / contractor by Engineering Services of ONGC.  Construction of approach road, well site, foundation and cutting of effluent pits etc. – preparation by Civil Contractor under the Engineering Services of ONGC.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

2.4.2 Road and site construction

The road and site construction work of Approach Road and Drilling Site consists of the following works:

 Construction of plinth area, foundation for rig & its accessories, temporary sheds, cellar pit and cutting retainer pits as per standard lay-out drawing of the drilling rig. Earth filling will be required for plinth preparation  Approach roads will be constructed for all the locations for movement of men and materials. Stream crossings if any, will be done by building suitable culverts or bailey bridge  Upgradation and strengthening of the existing roads wherever available. No clearing/ minimum clearing of trees will be ensured for this work.  Construction of Drilling Pads at the end of the new road to facilitate Drilling and Testing of Oil/Gas well. The tree cover at the site will have to be removed. Felling will be limited to those in critical positions, others will not be felled and the Rig equipment will be stationed around them.

2.5 DRILLING OPERATION

The exploitation of hydrocarbons requires the construction of a conduit between the surface and the reservoir. This is achieved by the drilling process. Well(s) will be drilled using a Conventional Land Rig equipped with a Rotary Drive System. The layout of Drilling site with Facilities is shown in Figure 2.6.

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Figure 2.6: Layout of Drilling Site with Facilities

2.5.1 Components of Drilling Rig

A typical drilling rig is shown in Figure 2.7 and its main components are discussed below:

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Figure 2.7: The Anatomy of Drilling Rig

a) Draw Works

i) Input horse power rating-minimum 1000 HP with nominal depth rating of 3000m (approximately) with 41/2”/5” OD drill pipes. Hoisting capacity-250 Tons (227MT). ii) Draw works will be operated by electrical motors or two engines having combined Horse Power of 1000 HP (output). Draw works will be equipped with at least one Auxiliary Brake and one parking cum Emergency Brake to stop the operations.

b) Mast

Mast will have minimum clear height of around 128 feet. It will have a hook load capacity of 500,000 lbs with 10 (ten) lines and wind resistance with full set back-80mph.

c) Sub-Structure

Rotary capacity will not be less than 500,000 lbs and set back capacity 275,000lbs. Combined capacity of hook load & setback will not be less than 775,000lbs.

d) Mud Pump

Two triplex mud pumps equivalent to minimum input of 1000 HP each. Pumps will be fitted with liners (7”-5 ½ sizes) and pistons. Power transmission is driven by 2 DC motors of 900 HP each. The pumps will be coupled with centrifugal charging pumps driven by 50 HP motors for flooded suction, Pulsation Dampener of 5000 psi. The discharge of each

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mud pump should not be less than 2440 LPM at 2300 psi. The pumps should be rated to a discharge pressure of 5000 psi.

e) Rotary Swivel

Swivel will have a minimum dead load rating of 275 Tons with 5000 psi working pressure.

f) Power Pack

Engines-minimum 4 (four) nos. turbocharged, after cooled, air start, diesel driven each capable of delivering 1000 HP.

g) Travelling Block and Hook

Unitized traveling block and hook assembly of 250 T capacity with at least 5 sheaves grooved suitable for drill line and with minimum 12 line operation.

h) Drill Pipes

7 A total of 3000m of 5” OD, grade G, 19.5 PPF & 3000m 2 /8” OD grade E, 10.4ppf, SLH -90 drill pipes.

i) Drill Collars

1 1 Suitable quantity of 9 /2”, 8”, 61/2” and 3 /2” Drill Collars will be used.

j) Blow Out Preventer (BOP)

i) 13.5/8”X5M double ram BOP ii) 13.5/8”X5M Annular BOP iii) 7.1/16”X5M Double ram BOP.

k) BOP Control Unit

Proper BOP (Blow out Preventer) system will be used for the Drilling Operation to contain any unexpected pressures from the well. The BOP Control System is to be compatible with the BOP stack. The Rig including drilling & auxiliary equipment & DSA facilities comprise of around 90 trailer loads. To support the drilling operation, the following systems and services are included for the Drilling Operations: i) Portable Living Quarters – to house essential personnel on site on a 24 hr basis. These units are provided with Bath/Washroom. ii) Crane-age - cranes for loading/off loading equipment and supplies. iii) Emergency Systems - this includes fire detection and protection equipment. Medical Doctor will be available for Emergency Medical Attention. iv) Environmental Protection – Blow Out Prevention (BOP) system, HDPE Lined Effluent Pits, mobile Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP).

One typical layout of drilling site giving locations of various facilities is shown in Figure 2.8.

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1) Crown Block 2) Catline Boom and Hoist Line 3) Drilling Line 4) Monkeyboard 5) Traveling Block 6) Top Drive 7) Derrick or Mast 8) Drill Pipe 9) Doghouse or drillers shack 10) Blowout Preventer 11) Water Tank 12) Electric Cable Tray 13) Engine Generator Sets 14) Fuel Tanks 15) Electrical Control Room 16) Mud Pump 17) Bulk Mud Components Storage 18) Mud Pits 19) Reserve Pits 20) Mud Gas Separator 21) Shale Shakers 22) Choke Manifold 23) Pipe Ramp 24) Pipe Racks 25) Accumulator

Figure 2.8: Typical On-Shore Drilling Rig

2.5.2 Well construction

Drilling wells are drilled in sections, with the diameter of each section decreasing with increasing depth. The lengths and diameters of each section of the well are determined prior to drilling through well designing.

Well spudding is the start of drilling activity. Top-hole section will be drilled to a desired depth based on well design. After drilling top-hole section, it will be cased with a pipe called "Casing". The casing provides support to the drilled hole wall and secures the hole-section.

Other than this, it isolates problematic hole-sections such as loose zones, shale sections, over pressurized formations, etc. After running casing, the annular space around the hole wall and casing (annulus) will be cemented. This process of drilling and casing the hole-sections is continued as per the well design until the final well depth (target) is achieved.

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2.5.3 Drilling fluids

During Drilling Operations, a fluid known as Drilling Fluid (more commonly Mud) is pumped through the drill string down to the drilling bit and returns between the drill pipe and hole / casing annulus up to surface back into the circulation system after separation of drill cuttings / solids through solids control equipment. Drilling fluid is essential to the drilling operation and performs the following functions:

 Cleans the bottom of the hole by removing the cuttings and carrying them to surface;  Cools and lubricates drill bit and string;  Continuously builds a wall around the inside of the hole which prevents the hole from caving in;  Counters natural formation pressures, preventing the uncontrolled flow of oil, gas, or water into the borehole;  Holds cuttings and weighing material in suspension, when circulation is stopped;  Supports part of the weight of drill pipes, casing, tubing, etc.;  Transmits hydraulic horse power to the bit;  Acts as medium for electrical well logging;  Ensures maximum information about the formations penetrated;  Prevents corrosion of tubular.

The composition of Water based drilling fluid is given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Ingredients of Water Based Drilling Fluid

Sl. No. Component Quantity 1 KCI-PHPA-Polyol Mud Composition-KCI ~3 % 2 PHPA 0.2-0.3 % 3 PAC 0.5-0.75 % 5 E P Lube 0.2-0.3 % 6 Bentonite 2-3 % 8 Caustic Soda for pH 8-5-9.0 9 XC Polymer 0.3-0.5 % 10 S. Asphalt 2-3 %

Type of Drilling Fluid (Mud)

An environment-friendly Water-Based Mud (WBM) system will be used for drilling of the proposed wells. It may be noted that a typical WBM may contain nearly 80% water and 20% Clay as well as Chemicals by weight. The ingredients of WBM and Special Additives and their Function in Water Based Drilling Fluids are given in Table 2.4 and Table 2.5 respectively. Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 2-13

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Table 2.4: Ingredients of Water Based Drilling Mud

Sl. Raw Quantity No. Material 1 Barite 150 MT/Well 2 Bentonite 90 MT/Well 3 Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose 2.2-3 MT/Well 5 Resinated Lignite 2 MT/Well 6 Non-Weighted Spotting Fluid ASOS 8 Extreme Pressure (EP) Lube 1000 Lts/Well 9 Drilling Detergent 1800 Lts/Well 10 Caustic Soda 4.4 MT/Well 11 Potassium Chloride 35 MT/Well 12 Soda Ash 1.3 MT/Well

Table 2.5: Special Additives and their Function in Water Based Drilling Fluids

Sl. No. Discharge Category Function of Additives Eliminate excess calcium ions due to cement 1. Sodium bicarbonate contamination 2. Sodium Chloride Minimize borehole washout in salt zone Groundnut shells, mica of 3. Minimize loss of drilling mud to formation cellophane Counter thick, sticky filter cake, decrease filter 4. Cellulose polymers or starch loss to formation 5. Aluminium stearate Minimize foaming Vegetable Oil 6. Reduce torque and drag on drill string. lubricant Counter differential pressure sticking of drilling Pill of oil-based mud spotting 7. string. Pill is placed down hole opposite contact fluid zone to free pipe

Mud Circulation & Solid Control System

The drilling fluid circulation system consists of several items of equipment as given in Figure 2.9. The mud pumps take drilling fluid from tanks and pump the same to the bit through drill pipes. The mud travels through annulus and finally falls over the shale shaker. The mud used during the operation will flush out formation cuttings from the well bore which will be separated from the fluid using solids control system. This will include shale shakers, de- sanders, de-silters etc. The process of reusing the drilling fluid during drilling operation is commonly known as “closed loop system”. The system is ideal for drilling operations in sensitive environments as it cuts down immensely on the total water consumption for the formulation of drilling mud and also saves on the consumption of the chemicals.

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Figure 2.9: Typical Drill Fluid Circulation System

Special applications of Drilling Fluid

To overcome various types of well problems, specific components are added to the mud to adjust the properties for ensuring that following functions are met:

 Fluid loss control: Bentonite as well as naturally occurring additives such as starch and cellulose are added to the drilling mud to retard fluid loss to the formation.  Lost circulation: Naturally occurring fibrous, granular or flaky materials are used to stop lost circulation when the drill bit enters a highly porous or fractured formation. Typical materials include sawdust, groundnut shells, mica etc.  Lubricity: Normally the drilling fluid is sufficient to lubricate and cool the bit. However, under extreme loading, other lubricants such as EP lube, Linseed oil etc are added to prevent the drill string from becoming stuck.  Shale Control: To control caving, sloughing etc. of the well bore, shale stabilizer (e.g. magcoasphasol) is used.

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 pH control: Caustic Soda is used to control the alkalinity of the drilling fluid in the range of pH of 9 to 10. This ensures the optimum performance of the polymers in the fluid and controls bacterial activity.  Pressure control: Barite is generally used as a weighting material to control down-hole formation pressure and to prevent the ingress of formation fluid into well bore. The essential ingredients of the WBM are all low toxicity materials, rated either as Grade ‟E‟ products (according to the new OCNS grading system), or Grade „O‟ (according to the former OCNS system). These are the two lowest toxicity categories. A variety of other products will be available for various contingencies. Thinners such as chrome free ligno-sulphonates (CFLS) and lignin compounds may be used to control Rheology.

2.5.4 Cementing Program

Oil well cementing is the process of preparing slurry of API Class G cement with water and various additives in required quantities as accelerators/ retarders, density adjusters, dispersants, fluid loss additives, anti gas migration additives, etc. This slurry is pumped down through steel casing to cover the critical points in the annulus around the casing in the open hole.

Functions of the cementing process  Bond and support the casing strings;  Isolate oil, gas and water bearing zones;  Protect fresh water bearing zone from contamination;  Prevent Blowouts by quickly forming a seal;  Seal off zones of lost –circulation or thief zones;  Protect casing from corrosion; and  Protect casing from shock loads.

2.5.5 Well evaluation

Well Logging Wire line logging operations are undertaken with specialized equipment mounted on custom built trucks to provide information on the potential type and quantities of hydrocarbons present in the prospective formations. There are different well logging techniques including electric, electronic, sonic, radioactive logging etc. Logging instruments (sensors) are attached to the bottom of a wire line and lowered to the bottom of the well. They are then slowly brought back, the devices reading different geo-scientific parameters pass each information and record the corresponding data on graphs, which can be interpreted by the drilling team. There are no emissions to the environment associated with wire line logging operations. The radioactive sources required for well logging operations will be kept in specially designed containers, if used.

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Well Testing

If prospects of hydrocarbons appear in conventional core or in wire line logs, a detailed production testing is carried out. For production testing equipments like separator, ground X- mas tree, and compressors are required.

Conventional Coring

Conventional cores of sub-surface formations are taken on selective basis to carry out Petro- physical and Geo-scientific studies.

2.5.6 Completion of drilling

On completion of activities, the well will be either plugged or suspended (if the well evaluations indicate commercial quantities of hydrocarbons) or will be permanently abandoned. In the event of a decision to suspend the well, it will be filled with a brine solution containing very small quantities of inhibitors to protect the well. The well will be sealed with cement plugs and some of the wellhead equipment (Blind Flange) will be left on the surface (Cellar). If the well is abandoned it will be sealed with a series of cement plugs, all the wellhead equipment will be removed leaving the surface clear of any debris and the site will be restored.

2.5.7 Rig Demobilization Demobilization will involve the dismantling of the rig and Drill Site Accommodation (DSA), and transporting it out of the project area. It is expected that demobilization will take approximately 30 days and will require around 80 to 85 trailer and 50 to 55 truck loads.

2.5.8 Restoration and Rehabilitation On completion of drilling activities, well site restoration plan will be prepared for the following two scenarios:

1) Commercially viable Hydrocarbons are discovered In the event that economic quantities of hydrocarbons are found, the well will be shut in with a wellhead / X-mas tree in place, but all other equipment and materials will be removed from present location to the next drilling site. At the end of well testing at each drilling site, the HDPE Lined Secured Pits for Drill Cuttings and Drilling Mud will be covered with a top HDPE lining. The pit will then be backfilled with minimum 300 mm layer of soil.

2) Economic Quantities of Hydrocarbons are not found In the event that economic quantities of hydrocarbons are not found an abandonment plan will be implemented for the drilling site in accordance with the applicable Indian regulations, OISD, Oil Mines Regulation (OMR) etc. Plugging requirement of abandoned wells as per Oil Mines Regulation, 1984 are as follows: When it is intended to abandon a well:  All permeable formations shall be isolated with cement;  Cased hole may be abandoned by placing a bridge-plug on top of perforations;

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 A cement plug of minimum length of 50 m shall be placed at the bottom of the well;  A cement plug of a minimum length of 50 m shall be placed across the shoe of surface casing;  The cellar pit around the well shall be filled up and the land shall be restored to the original level; and  Every abandoned well shall be clearly identified at site. In addition to the above, guidelines as advised by MoEF, New Delhi and SPCB shall also be followed. The overriding principle is that the environment should, with time be reinstated broadly to its original condition. Until such time as this is achieved, ONGC would actively manage the reinstatement process.

2.6 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF PRODUCED OIL AND GAS

The produced oil and gas will be collected through flow lines and processed in the existing Group Gathering Stations (GGS) in the ML areas. The details of collection and transportation are given in Table 2.6 below.

Table 2.6: Collection and Transportation of Produced Oil and Gas

Proposed Collection Sl.No. ML Area Transportation Wells stations 1 Nambar ML 04 2 GGS already At the GGS, the oil and gas will area functional in be separated, Oil will be Nambar area transported to Nambar GGS-1 through pipelines and gas will be supplied to the consumer 2 Khoraghat 03 2 GGS already At the GGS, the oil and gas will and functional in be separated, Oil will be Khoraghat Khoraghat area transported to Khoraghat GGS-1 Ext. ML area through pipelines and gas will be supplied to the consumer 3 East 01 Well will be Produced oil & gas from the wells Lakhibari produced through will be transported to Borhalla ML area Early Production GGS through tankers system, in which separator and tanks are used 4 Borholla ML 04 2 GGS already At the GGS, the oil and gas will area functional in be separated, Oil will be Borholla area transported to Borholla GGS and through pipelines gas will be supplied to the consumer

The layout maps and process floe diagrams (PFDs) of exiting GGS facilities are shown in Figure 2.10 to Figure 2.15.

Once the drilling proves commercial viability, the well will be connected to existing GGS facilities through a 4” flow line. Figure 2.16 shows the well flow route for Borholla GGS. The pipeline coverage in the ML areas is given below:

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 12” oil trunk pipeline (43 Km) from BRH GGS to CTF Jorhat  8” oil trunk pipeline system (65 Km) from KHG GGS-I to BRH GGS  8” well fluid pipeline (4.5 Km) from NR GGS to KHG GGS-I  3 1/2”gas pipeline ( 4.5 Km) from NR GGS via well KH-09 & NR-02 to KHR GGS-I

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Figure 2.10: Layout Map of Borholla GGS

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Figure 2.11 (a): Process Flow Diagram of Borholla GGS

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Figure 2.11 (b): Schematic Diagram of Borholla GGS Process Flow

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Figure 2.12(a): Layout Map of Khoraghat GGS-1

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Figure 2.12 (b): Schematic Diagram of Khoraghat GGS-1 Facility Layout

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Figure 2.13: Process Flow Diagram of Khoraghat GGS-1

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Figure 2.14: Layout Map of Nambar GGS-1

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Figure 2.15: Process Flow Diagram of Nambar GGS-1

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Figure 2.16: Well Flow Line Route of Borholla GGS

2.7 STAFFING

During drilling activities, job will be carried out in two 12 hourly shifts. The drilling rig is operated by around 25-30 people on the rig at any time. The workers will be staying in a DSA near the rig operation. The base DSA will be temporary in nature and will be maintained by about 20 staffs for cooking, cleaning, laundry services, housekeeping, etc.

2.8 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT

All supplies, both for the drilling rig package and for the DSA at the well site as well as near the drilling site will be transported from any storage area temporarily hired near to the well site. This will include but not limited to cement, bits, casings and chemicals for drilling mud, spare parts for the rig package, and food and other supplies for the DSA. A catering company will be engaged to provide canteen facilities and sanitation at the DSA.

2.8.1 Power consumption and fuel The power requirements during the site preparation and construction phase will be met by DG Sets. Although the drilling operations will be continuous, the power requirement will

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vary depending on the activities being carried out. It is anticipated that the energy source is a part of the drilling rig to be used. 3-4 DG sets of 1430 KVA will suffice the requirement of rig operations, for the DSA for lighting and other emergency requirements. Only low sulphur (<0.05%) HSD (Euro-III) will be used. During the drilling phase, the fuel consumed will mainly be diesel used by rig, various equipments and generators, which will be used for lighting and other emergency requirements within the site. The fuel consumption is estimated to be about 6 kl/d of diesel per well. There will be on-site storage for fuel, which will be provided by the drilling contractor and transported to the site by tanker lorries.

2.8.2 Water requirement The water requirement during drilling operation is mainly meant for preparation of drilling mud apart from washings and domestic use. The source of water is ground water and extracted from the bore wells. While the former consumes the majority of water requirement, the water requirement for domestic and wash use is very less. The daily water consumption will be 25 kld per well. The details are given in Table 2.7. The water balance diagram is shown in Figure 2.17.

Table 2.7: Water utilization per well

S. Fresh Water Description No Required (KLD) 1 Mud Preparation and Treatment 12 2 Cutting, Washing/Cleaning at Shale Shaker 3 3 De-sander and De-silter 4 4 Floor/Kelly Washing 1 5 Engine Cooling/Mud Pump 1 6 Domestic 4 Total 25

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Figure 2.17: Water Balance Diagram

2.8.3 Chemicals Various chemicals will be stored at the project site and used during the drilling phase. The chemicals that are likely to be used have been listed in Drilling Fluid Plan section. At the planning stage, an estimate of the potential usage for every chemical will be made. During the operation phase, chemical usage will be monitored and efforts will be made to reduce or conserve chemical consumption as much as technically possible. While storing, the drilling rig will have normal storage facilities for fuel oil, required chemicals and the necessary tubular and equipment. The Diesel which will be used for power consumption, stored at drill site in covered MS tanks (2 nos.) of 40 kl capacity each. The storage places will be clearly marked with safe operating facilities and practices as per established standards prescribed in “Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals, 1989” by MoEF.

2.9 NOISE, AIR EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND SOLID WASTE GENERATION

2.9.1 Noise Sources of noise at the drilling site include:  Diesel powered generators  Rotating equipment such as electric motors, rotary table, draw works, etc. Noise level at the periphery of the drilling well plinth will not exceed 75 dB (A) and will decrease rapidly on moving away from the well site. Vehicular traffic on approach road is expected to generate temporary noise level of less than 70 dB (A) at about 10 m distance.

2.9.2 Air Emissions Emissions generated during the drilling phase will consist of the following:

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 Exhaust emissions from generators operating at site;  Dust emissions from vehicular traffic movement on roads;  Emissions from flares during testing. The proposed drilling site will have 3-4 diesel generators (each of 1430 KVA capacity). No treatment of air emissions is required as these involve burning of diesel with low Sulphur content (< 0.05%). The disposal of the air emissions will be through adequate stack height as per norms. Movement of about 3 to 4 passenger and heavy vehicles in a day is not likely to have any adverse impact on the environment. Air emissions may result from gas flaring activities during the well testing and is a temporary activity of two-three days only. The test flare boom will be located at a distance from the drilling rig.

Heat Generation The drilling work will generate heat which will be dissipated to the WBM (about 500C at surface) and then to the atmosphere. Hence, it is unlikely to have any noticeable effect in the area surrounding the drilling rig.

Potential Accidental Events Due to observation of necessary safety requirements as per OMR, OISD and other regulations vis-à-vis Safe Operating Practices (SOP), chances of accident occurring are negligible. However, in all aspects of hydrocarbon exploration, there is always a risk of non-routine or accidental events such as  Occurrence of blow out

 Occurrence of sour gas (H2S) Blow out followed by ignition can be extremely hazardous. Blow out Preventers (BOP) are

always used to combat abrupt appearance of sub surface high pressure. Sour gas (H2S) may also be released from the well along with gaseous hydrocarbons. However, it is known that

crude oil/gas in this region is sweet in nature; i.e. there is no presence of H2S in produced oil/gas. Spillage of diesel fuel is near negligible from storage facilities at the drilling site.

2.9.3 Effluents and Solid Waste The following types of wastes are likely to be generated during the drilling activities:  Drill Cuttings: comprises of drilled formation cuttings, mainly shale, sands and clay  Under flow from solid removal equipment: Generated from solids control/removal equipment  Drill cuttings wash water: This is generated while washing the mud laden cuttings/ cavings separated through shale shaker/vibrating screen  Drainage discharges: Drainage discharges will occur from a variety of sources. These include:

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o Cleaning at derrick floor area o Machine area floor drains o Cleaning of shale shaker screens  Sewage: Waste water generated from office toilets and labour/staff accommodation  Chemical Sludge: Waste water treatment would result in generation of chemical sludge  Hydrocarbon Wastes: Used oils during replacement of oil in machineries  Non-hazardous solid waste: Non hazardous wastes like paper, cloth rags, jute, wood, plastics, containers, etc.  Medical Wastes: Small quantities of medical wastes like used bandages, syringes, empty medicinal bottles etc.  Bio-degradable waste: The DSA would generate food waste or fallen leaves constituting biodegradable wastes

Drill Cuttings During drilling operations, approx 225 m3 per well of wet drill cuttings are expected to be generated from each well depending on the type of formation and depth of drilling. The mud used during the operation will transport formation cuttings from the well bore to the surface. These cuttings will be separated from the drilling mud using a solids-control system. This will comprise a system of processes consisting of linear motion shale shaker/ vibrating screens, hydro-cyclones (including de-sanders and de-silters), and centrifuges to mechanically separate cuttings from the mud fluid. These cuttings will be stored on site in HDPE lined pits and disposed into the waste pit as per the direction of regulatory authority. The drilling mud is reused in the system. This “closed loop system” is ideal for drilling operations as it cuts down immensely on the total water consumption for the formulation of drilling mud and also saves on the consumption of chemicals. If it is not used so, it will be tested to ascertain hazardous or non-hazardous nature and disposed off as per directions from regulatory authority.

Wastewater and Sludge In addition to the cuttings 15-17 m3/day of wastewater is likely to be generated during well drilling. Once the cuttings have been separated, the drilling fluid will be reused or processed after further treatment. Drilling wastewater would be collected in HDPE lined pits and will be treated by Mobile Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). In case of excess water, permanent ETP attached at existing GGS facilities will be used. An average of 50 m3 /day waste water is treated by the ETP. The capacity of ETP is 125 m3/day and part of treated waste water (approx. 4000 m3/well) will be reused in mud preparation, shale shaker cleaning and other operation related applications. Two ETPs are also proposed, which will be installed one each in Borholla GGS and Khoraghat GGS-1 facility. The flow chart of the ETP is shown in Figure 2.18.

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Figure 2.18: Flow Chat of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

The oil sludge is collected in a concrete sludge storage facility at a centralized location and disposed by bio-remediation.

Produced/Formation Water

Produced/formation water separated during gas processing will sent to the produced water storage tank after the chemical treatment for intermediate storage before disposal. Then, produced water transfers from storage tank through produced water pumps to existing produced water disposal header and from disposal header produced water is sent for injection into disposal wells below 1000 m depth as per CPCB guidelines.

Sewage As part of the site preparation stage, a drainage and sewerage system will be constructed. The sewerage system will consist of septic tanks followed by soak pits for the collection and treatment of wastewater generated from the DSA kitchen, laundry, and showers. Overflow from the soak pits, if any will be sprayed over the ground allowing it to soak away or evaporate. The semi-solid residue from septic tanks will be periodically cleaned and transported to nearest available municipal solid waste disposal site.

Solid Waste Solid waste including domestic waste (from kitchen, offices etc), combustible and recyclable waste generated shall be collected, segregated and stored in specified containers and shall be transferred to authorized contractors for its disposal.

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Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste such as waste lube/system oil approximately 0.15 kL/well from machinery, used oil from D.G set (in case in operation), lead acid cells and oil filters are likely to be generated. The waste shall be handled as per Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2008. The waste will be carefully stored in drums, and given to MoEF approved recyclers for its final disposal. All precautions will be taken to avoid spillage from the storage. Recyclable material will periodically be transported out of the project area and given to the recyclers/contractors. Disposal of specified hazardous wastes including discarded containers will be sent back to the chemical supplier and ensured that all surplus or residual chemical additives are also given back to them on restocking basis.

Medical waste Small amounts of medical waste like used syringes, bandages, empty medicinal bottles etc., will be generated. Usually this may not be more than few kilograms. After proper segregation, this waste will be disposed properly as per norms.

Drill Accommodation Site (DSA) All biodegradable waste (left over food, kitchen waste etc.) will be disposed off into small humus pits in DSA area away from use by rig crew members. The pits will be covered to avoid any odour nuisance and contact with flies or insects. The sewerage system will consist of soak pits for collection of waste water from the DSA kitchen, laundry and showers. Sewage from toilets will go into septic tanks.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

DESCRIPTION OF THE 3 ENVIRONMENT

3.1 KEY INFORMATION

The different components of the Environment, namely Air, Noise, Water (Surface and Ground Water), Soil, Ecology and Socio-Economy of the study area have been defined in this chapter. The entire block areas of the five ML areas involved in the project are considered as study area for baseline assessment. Both Primary and Secondary information is used to assess the baseline condition. One season monitoring of various environmental parameters were carried out from October 2015 to December 2015.

Delineation of environmental baseline condition with respect to Air, Noise, Water (Surface and Ground Water), Soil, Ecology and Socio-Economy is done to further facilitate in Impact Identification and Assessment, which is described in the subsequent chapter.

3.2 SITE DESCRIPTION AND ITS ENVIRONS

The Drilling locations are located in two Districts of Assam, namely Jorhat and Golaghat. Twelve numbers of development wells are proposed to be drilled in four ML blocks in Golaghat district and one ML area in Jorhat district. In Golaghat, total 9 wells were proposed to be drilled in Nambar ML area (four wells), East Lakhibari ML area (one well), Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML area (Three wells). In Jorhat, total 4 wells were proposed to be drilled in Borholla ML area. The location of these ML areas is shown in Figure 3.1. The ML areas mainly consist of open lands and vegetation cover.

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JORHAT

GOLAGHAT

Figure 3.1: Location of ML areas

3.3 REGIONAL SETTING

3.3.1 Topography, Geology and Stratigraphy

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

As per plate tectonics, it is the eastern most projection of the Indian plateau where it is thrusting underneath the Eurasian plate thereby creating a subduction zone geologically (Syed & Bright). Hence the extreme geostatic pressures exerted on the landmass during the creation of the Himalayas have resulted in Assam having large areas of sedimentary deposits leading to formation of huge oil reserves. Geomorphologically, the younger alluvial plain occupies major part of the Borholla ML and small scattered parts are occupied by older alluvial plains. The vast alluvial plains of Brahmaputra valley occupy most of the North Assam including Jorhat, and Golaghat districts. Out of the six agro-climatic zones in Assam, the two districts lie in the Upper Brahmaputra Valley (NAEB). The oil and gas in Upper Assam till 1980s was found in the Barail Group of Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene age and the Tipam Group of Upper Miocene age. However during the last decade oil and gas accumulations have been discovered within the Langpar and Lakadong formations of Paleocene to Lower Eocene age. In the Khoraghat and Nambar fields situated in southeastern part of the Dhansiri Valley, oil occurs in the Bokabil Formation (Middle Miocene) which is not developed towards north in the Brahmaputra valley. In the Borholla oil field, oil occurs in fractured granitic basement rock of Precambrian age (DGH India, 2010).

3.3.2 Seismicity

Based on the inputs obtained from India Meteorological Department (IMD) and other agencies, Bureau of Indian Standards [IS-1893 – part – 1: 2002], has classified the whole country into four seismic zones namely Zone II, III, IV and V. Of these, zone V is rated as the most seismically active region, while zone II is the least. The Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity, which measures the impact of the earthquakes on the surface of the earth, broadly associated with various zones is as follows:

Seismic Zone Intensity on MM scale II (Low intensity zone) VI (or less) III (Moderate intensity zone) VII IV (Severe intensity zone) VIII V (Very severe intensity zone) IX (and above)

The Seismic Zoning Map of India [IS 1893 (Part I):2002] is shown in Figure 3.2.

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Assam

Figure 3.2: Map showing Seismic Zones of India

According to this map, the study region falls in Zone V and is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity. It has previously experienced devastating earthquakes and has caused extensive landslides, rock falls on the hill slopes, subsidence and fissuring of ground in the valley and has also caused change in course and configuration of its rivers and tributaries including Brahmaputra.

Historically, the region has experienced two major earthquakes in 1897 and 1950 of 8.7 and 8.5 intensities on the Richter scale respectively. Apart from these, there is a recorded history of around twenty destructive earthquakes which has affected this region in the past century (Souce: National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)).

3.4 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.4.1 Climate

The Golaghat and Jorhat District lies in the Hot sub-humid (moist) to humid (inclusion of per- humid) eco-regions (Source: National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) & Central Water Commission (CWC), 2014). The climate is dominated by the subtropical monsoon which is normally active from April to October with occasional winter showers. At times approach of monsoon is also marked by cyclones in April and May. The plains get flooded. Autumn and winter are dry seasons. Ten years historical rainfall data was collected from Indian Meteorological department. Monthly rainfall variations for the two districts are illustrated in Figure 3.3 and Figure 3.4. Yearly rainfall data is depicted in Figure 3.5. The yearly rainfall

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for Golaghat district varied from minimum 1232 mm to maximum 1871 mm with an average rainfall of 1450 mm. The yearly rainfall for Jorhat district varied from minimum 1380 mm to maximum 2112 mm with an average rainfall of 1755 mm.

Avg. Min Max

600

500

400

300

Rainfall Rainfall mm 200

100

0

Figure 3.3: Monthly rainfall variations for Golaghat district (10 years data)

Avg. Min Max

600

500

400

300

Rainfall Rainfall mm 200

100

0

Figure 3.4: Monthly rainfall variations for Jorhat district (10 years data)

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GOLAGHAT Rainfall in mm JORHAT Rainfall in mm

2200

2000

1800

1600

Rainfall Rainfall mm 1400

1200

1000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Figure 3.5: Historical rainfall data for Golaghat and Jorhat Districts

Average temperature in the state varies from 4°C to 19°C during the winter and 26°C to 37°C during the summer accompanied by high humidity (Source: Geological Survey of India (GSI), 2009). Meteorological data was collected for the study period of October to December 2015 and is summarized in below Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Climate Data for the Study Area

Golaghat District Temperature (°C) Wind speed (mph) Total Humidity (%) Month Rainfall Max Min Min Max Avg. (mm) Avg. October 37 12 0 5 1.95 121.2 83.60 November 31 11 0 5 2.08 14.1 80.37 December 29 3 0 6 2.08 20.4 78.12 Jorhat District Temperature (°C) Wind speed (mph) Total Humidity (%) Month Rainfall Max Min Min Max Avg. (mm) Avg. October 37 14 0 6 2.02 248.4 79.90 November 31 6 0 4 1.93 54.9 79.99 December 30 4 0 5 2.09 44.2 76.46

3.4.2 Micro-Meteorology

Meteorological study exerts a critical influence on air quality as it is an important factor in governing the ambient air quality. The meteorological data recorded during the study period was used for identifying air quality sampling locations as well as input for air quality simulation models. Wind speed data was collected on field during October to December 2015. The wind rose diagrams for the study area were plotted for Golaghat district and Jorhat district and are shown in Figure 3.6 and Figure 3.7. Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-6

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Figure 3.6: Wind rose diagram for Golaghat district (Oct to Dec 2015)

The analysis of the average wind pattern for Golaghat district shows predominant winds blowing mainly from NNE for 34% of the time. The calm wind conditions prevailed for 3.8% of the total time.

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Figure 3.7: Wind rose diagram for Jorhat district (Oct to Dec 2015)

The analysis of the average wind pattern for Jorhat district shows predominant winds blowing mainly from NNE for 29% of the time. The calm wind conditions prevailed for 4.08% of the total time.

3.4.3 Land Use Land Cover

The Land Use Land Cover (LULC) within the block have been studied and it can be broadly classified into seven major categories, namely, settlements, fallow land, agricultural land, vegetation cover, open land, sand bar and river. The land use distribution in the study area is given in Table 3.2. The LULC map of the study area is given in the Figure 3.8, Figure 3.9 and Figure 3.10.

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Figure 3.8: LULC study of Borholla ML area

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Figure 3.9: LULC study of Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML area

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Figure 3.10: LULC study of East Lakhibari ML area

Table 3.2: Landuse Distribution of the Study Area

Borholla ML Khoraghat ML, Khoraghat- East Lakhibari ML Sl. Landuse area ext. ML and Nambar ML area area No. Category Area km2 % Area km2 % Area km2 % 1 Settlement 1.75 5 12.95 12 1.91 22 Agricultural 2 9.43 29 0 - 1.24 15 Land 3 Vegetation Cover 16.12 50 20.6 18 2.23 26 4 Fallow Land 4.82 15 0 - 1.21 14 5 Open Land 0 - 70.5 63 1.92 23 6 Sand Bar 0 - 2.4 2 0 - 7 River 0 - 5.57 5 0 - Total 32.1 100 112.0 100 8.51 100

Thus the three landuse maps conclude that majority of the area in the blocks of Nambar, Khoraghat, Khoraghat Extension, and East Lakhibari includes open land and vegetation cover. There is no open land in Borholla district and vegetation cover is high in this area. Agriculture is also practiced in these areas, especially in Borholla and East Lakhibari ML areas.

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3.4.3.1 Site Details of Drilling Site

Twelve drilling locations have been proposed in this project. The surrounding features for the same within 1 km radial distance have been tabulated in Table 3.3. From the table, it is evident that all the coordinates are located on agricultural land area. Photo Plate 3.1 shows the photographs of the study area.

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Table 3.3: Important Features within 1 Km Radius of Drilling Locations

Drilling Co-ordinates Connectivity Water Body Habitation Vegetation Other Features Locations Borholla ML Area BRDO 26027'13.25"N Kacha road 100m (NW) None Silldubi Agricultural Nagaland State boundary 478m (W) 94010'26.17"E Metalled Road 930m (NW) 230 m (E) land Tea Processing Plant 355m (SW)

BRDN 26026'1.2"N Kacha roads 110m (NW) None Silldubi Agricultural Nagaland State boundary 462m (W) 94010'9.39"E Metalled Road 939m (NW) 250m (E) land (Scattered Settlement) BRDP 26°26'54.67"N Metalled road 140m (S) None Silldubi Agricultural - 94°10'10.57"E 270m (NE) land BRDQ 26°26'42.41"N Kacha road Adjacent to the None Silldubi Agricultural Nagaland State boundary 390m (W) 94°10'40.75"E site (E) 180m (W) land East Lakhibari ML Area ELDA 26022' 05.34" N Metalled road 47m (W) Pond 1 No. Agricultural - 94002'45.67"E 185m (W) Navojyoti land 350m (W) Nambar ML Area NRDJ 26002'51.234" N Village Road 100m (NW) Pond Rajpokhri Agricultural - 93053'9.57"E 340m (N) land NRDK 26003'40.512" N Village Road Pond Toksae Agricultural - 93054'18.432"E 187m (N) 470m (WSW) 780m (W) land

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Borholla Block Borholla Block

Nambar Block Nambar Block

Khoraghat Block Khoraghat Ext Block

Photo Plate 3.1: Project Area

3.4.4 Forest Land

As per IT and RS & GIS Cell 2015 of Wildlife Institute of India, the study area lies in North East Brahmaputra Valley. The main Wildlife protected areas near the study area are Kaziranga National Park, East Karbi Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary, Deepar Beel wildlife

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Sanctuary, Nambor- Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary, Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary, Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary and Hallongapara Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary. The distance of all these sensitive areas from the ML areas is depicted in Figure 3.11 below.

Figure 3.11: Distance of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks from the Project Area (Source: Wildlife Institute of India, 2015)

There are no eco-sensitive areas or wild life sanctuaries within the 10 km of the study area. The nearest Wildlife Sanctuary is the Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary from the boundary of East Lakhibari ML areas at a distance of 10.5 km. Other sensitive areas are at a distance greater than 25 km.

3.4.5 Soil Characteristics

The common soil-scapes of the area are represented by level to very gently sloping Haplaquepts, Haplaqualfs, Dystrochrepts, Eutrochrepts, Fluvaquents, and Hapludalfs (Souce: National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) & Central Water Comission (CWC), 2014).

3.4.5.1 Methodology

Soil samples were collected from the field to assess its physico-chemical characteristics in the study area. The soil samples at all location were collected at the depth of 0.5 to 1.0 meters. A number of parameters were determined which are indicative of physical, chemical and fertility characteristics. The soil samples were collected from different locations and labeled accordingly. Photo Plate 3.2 shows the soil sample collection in the study area. The triangular classification of soil as shown in Figure 3.12 was used for analysis. The sampling locations are given in Table 3.4, which can also be seen in Figure 3.13 and the analysis results are given in Table 3.5.

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Figure 3.12: Triangular Classification of Soil

Table 3.4: Soil Sampling Locations

Sl. Location Sampling Locations Coordinates No. Code Jorhat District 1 SS-1 Near ONGC Site, Borholla 26027’04.0”N 94010’37.1”E Golaghat District 2 SS-2 Near ONGC Site ,East Lakhibari 26022’07.6”N 94002’55.1”E 3 SS-3 Near ONGC Site NRDK, Nambar 26003’21.9”N 93054’38.0”E 4 SS-4 Near ONGC Site, Khoraghat 26005’09.8”N 93057’01.0”E 5 SS-5 Ghulapani, Khorghat Ext. 26003’54.5”N 93056’01.4”E

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Figure 3.13: Soil Sampling Location Map

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Photo Plate 3.2: Collection of Soil Samples

Table 3.5: Results of Soil Analysis

Jorhat Sl. Golaghat District Parameter Unit District No. SS1 SS2 SS3 SS4 SS5 1 pH - 6.2 6.8 6.1 6.6 7.2 Electrical 2 µs/cm 76 95.3 97.4 67.8 71.2 Conductivity 3 Color - Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown 4 Organic Carbon % by Mass 2.35 4.85 4.70 5.12 5.64 5 Bulk density mg/m3 1.78 1.8 1.72 1.76 1.7 Water holding 6 % 11 10 13 15 12 capacity 7 Salinity gm/100gm 0.58 0.88 0.37 0.44 0.58 8 Porosity % 9.7 8.51 10.22 9.31 7.55 9 Sand % by weight 63.8 23.4 18.7 20.4 21.0 10 Clay % by weight 26.3 14.1 17.4 14.1 22.6 11 Silt % by weight 9.9 65.5 63.9 65.5 56.4 12 Texture - Loamy Sand Clay Clay Clay Clay 13 P available mg/100gm 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.3 14 Total Kjeldhal % by mass 1.54 1.87 3.14 1.56 1.23 Nitrogen 15 K available mg/100 gm 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.07 0.03 16 Sodium mg/kg 625 862.7 813.6 824.5 816.7 17 Calcium mg/kg 3570 6412.8 5126 7016 6798 18 Magnesium mg/kg 3456 2400 3360 3540 2852 19 SAR - 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.15 20 Iron mg/kg 307.51 718.36 316.42 652.45 476.8 21 Copper mg/kg 8.12 12.23 10.24 9.88 10.45 22 Zinc mg/kg 25.6 47.82 54.24 84.45 47.89 23 Manganese mg/kg 212.33 156.87 97.89 117.56 31.9 24 Nickel mg/kg 33.2 42.9 51.8 47.8 63.67

3.4.5.2 Monitoring Results

The soil samples collected from the study area reveal Loamy Sand to Clay characteristics which is evident from the analytical results of soil samples (as given in Table 3.5), when correlated with the given ‘Triangular Classification of Soil’ (as depicted in Figure 3.12). The

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soil had brownish appearance. The following conclusions could be made from the above tabulated data:

 Soil pH varied in the range 6.1 – 7.2 with an average value of 6.58, it denotes that the soil is neutral in nature.

 The textural analysis of soil revealed the clay nature of the soil, with the percentage of sand ranging from 63.8 – 18.7%, whereas the clay and silt quantity ranged from 14.1 – 26.3% and 9.9-65.5%, respectively.

 The Organic Carbon Value in the sampled soil ranged from 2.35 – 5.64%.

 The concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium ranged from 1.23-3.14 mg/100g, 1.3 – 1.9 mg/100g and 0.02 – 0.07/100g, respectively.

 Heavy metals like Nickel, Aluminium, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium and Copper were found to be Below Detectable Limit.

 The zinc and iron concentration in the sampled soil varied from 25.6 – 47.89 mg/l and 316.42 – 718.36 mg/l, respectively.

3.4.6 Water Environment

The water resources including both surface and groundwater play an important role in the development of an area. Likewise, the water resources of the area have been studied to establish the current status of water quality in the area. The drainage map of project area is given in Figure 3.14.

Figure 3.14: Drainage Map of Study Area

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No rivers are passing through the Borholla ML and East Lakhibari ML area. However, the Dhansiri River passes through the Nambar ML area, Khoraghat ML area and Khoraghat Extension ML area. The Dhansiri River rises in the south west corner of Nagaland below the Laishiang peak. From its source upto Dimapur, the Dhansiri forms the boundary between the districts of Cachar, Nagaon and Nagaland. Beyond Dimapur, the river enters and flows through the Karbi Anglong and Golaghat districts of Assam.

Surface Water

Four surface water samples were collected from different places within the study area.

Groundwater

Groundwater is an important source in the study area and is used for drinking, irrigation and fish breeding. Negative fluctuation with a fall in range of 2 - 4 m bgl and 4 m bgl is noticed in Jorhat, Karbi Anglong, Golaghat, Sibasagar, Nagaon, Kamrup districts of Assam and Jaintia Hills and Ribhoi districts of Meghalaya due to overexploitation of ground water for different purposes and other natural cycle disruption like less rainfall etc. (Souce: National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) & Central Water Comission (CWC), 2014). According to the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation as well as The Ministry of Agriculture (Department of Agricultural Research and Education) (DARE), both Jorhat and Golaghat districts have presence of high arsenic content in groundwater (Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, 2014). Another study also confirmed presence of high iron and arsenic levels in Golaghat district of Assam (Chetia, Sarma, Banerjee, Singh, & Dutta, 2010), (Central Ground Water Authority (CGWB), 2013). The ground water categorization of blocks in Golaghat and Jorhat district is given in Table 3.6. Five groundwater samples were collected from different places within the study area.

Table 3.6: ML Blocks and their Categorization as per Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA)

Sl. Category Name of ML Blocks District Area Type No. GWRE East Lakhibari, Nambar, 1 Khoraghat, Khoraghat Golaghat Safe Not-notified extension ML areas 2 Borholla ML Jorhat Safe Not-notified Source: Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA), 2011

3.4.6.1 Water Quality Assessment & Methodology

The sampling and analysis of water were carried out as per Standard Methods of Water and Wastewater Analysis (APHA). Nine water samples were collected from ground and surface water bodies within the block. A total of four samples from surface except Borholla and five samples from ground water bodies were taken from different locations and were analysed for physico-chemical parameters. The results of Ground Water Analysis have been compared with IS: 10500-2012 drinking water standard to assess their suitability for drinking purpose. Sampling locations for surface and ground water samples are listed in Table 3.7, which are also shown in Figure 3.15 and Figure 3.16. Photo Plate 3.3 and Photo Plate 3.4 shows the water sample collection in the study area.

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Table 3.7: Water Sampling Locations

Sl. Location Name of the Coordinates No. Code Sampling Location Surface Water Samples 1 SW1 East Lakhibari 26022’06.7”N 94002’39.3”E 2 SW2 Nambar 26003’27.9”N 93053’46.4”E 3 SW3 Khoraghaat 26005’05.4”N 93057’03.9”E 4 SW4 Khoraghaat Ext. 26003’57.4”N 93056’16.4”E Ground Water Samples 0 0 5 GW1 Borhola 26 27’0.0.2”N 94 10’16.59”E 6 GW2 East Laakhibari 26022’07.6”N 94002’55.1”E

7 GW3 Nambar 26003’26.0”N 93053’42.9”E 0 0 8 GW4 Khoraghat 26 05’02.0”N 93 56’57.7”E 9 GW5 Khoraghat Ext. 26003’56.4”N 93056’03.01”E

Figure 3.15: Surface Water Sampling Location Map

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Photo Plate 3.3: Collection of Surface Water Samples

Figure 3.16: Ground Water Sampling Location Map

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Photo Plate 3.4: Collection of Ground Water Samples

3.4.6.2 Monitoring Results The raw data for the Ground and Surface Water Quality Analytical Results are given in Table 3.8 and Table 3.9 respectively.

Table 3.8: Ground Water Quality Analytical Results

Jorhat Desirable Golaghat District District Drinking Sl. Water Parameter Unit No. Limits as per GW 1 GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 GW 5 IS:10500 (2012) 1. Colour Hazen <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5-15 2. Temperature 0C 19.0 18.0 22.0 21.0 22 -- 3. pH value - 7.7 8.2 6.9 7.1 7.9 6.5-8.5 4. Turbidity NTU 1.5 1.0 2.5 3.5 1.2 1-5 5. Conductivity @250C µS/cm 408 390 296 418 370 -- 6. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 282 242 215 221 315 500-2000 7. Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 62.1 63.8 58.2 51.4 72.5 75-200 8. Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 31.5 35 65 86 53 250-1000 9. Copper mg/l 0.012 0.023 0.008 0.009 0.011 0.05-1.5 10. Fluoride (as F) mg/l 1.15 1.02 0.96 0.85 0.78 1.0-1.5 11. Iron (as Fe) mg/l 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.5 2.2 0.3 12. Magnesium (as mg) mg/l 22.0 14.2 10.9 13.8 12.5 30-100 13. Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 5 7.1 9.3 6.5 45 14. Total phosphate mg/l 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 -- 15. Sodium (as Na) mg/l 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 3.2 -- 16. Potassium (as K) mg/l 1.6 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.8 -- 17. Phenolic Compound mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001-0.002 (C6H5OH) 18. Sulphates (as So4) mg/l 38 51 49 35 53 200-400 19. Sulphides (as H2S) mg/l 0.012 0.003 0.011 0.021 0.009 0.05 20. Alkalinity mg/l 70.0 52.4 66.2 67.8 53.9 200-600 21. Total hardness mg/l 94.0 88.0 106 112 109 200-600 22. Total Suspended Solids mg/l 26.0 19.0 28.0 34.0 21.3 --- 23. Zinc mg/l 0.12 0.06 0.21 0.15 0.17 5-15 24. Cyanides mg/l 0.013 0.005 0.021 0.018 0.012 0.05 Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-23

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Jorhat Desirable Golaghat District District Drinking Sl. Water Parameter Unit No. Limits as per GW 1 GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 GW 5 IS:10500 (2012) 25. Lead mg/l 0.005 ND 0.009 ND 0.003 0.01 26. Mercury mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 27. Nickel mg/l 0.014 0.017 0.003 0.015 0.007 0.02 28. Arsenic mg/l 0.006 0.012 0.003 0.015 0.012 0.01-0.05 29. Chromium Total mg/l 0.02 0.009 0.034 0.043 0.026 0.05 30. Oil and grease mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 --- 31. Dissolved oxygen mg/l 2.1 2.2 2.5 3.4 2.9 -- 32. Chemical Oxygen mg/l 8.9 12.3 9.8 8.8 9.5 --- Demand 33. BOD (3.0 day at 270C) mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 ---

The results of ground water quality monitoring are summarized below:

 The water samples were clear and transparent with little amount of turbidity (range: 1.0– 3.5 NTU, which is within the desirable drinking water limit).  pH of the samples was in the range of 6.9 to 8.2, which is within the prescribed drinking water (DW) limit.  Electrical conductivity values varied in a wide range of 296μs/cm to 418μs/cm indicating the presence of considerable amount of ionic matter in ground water.  Total dissolved solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) was in the range of 215 to 315 mg/l and 19 to 34 mg/l, respectively. TDS was within the desirable DW limit.  Total hardness and Alkalinity were found in the range of 88 to 112 mg/l and 52.4 to 70 mg/l, respectively, which was within the DW limit.  Calcium, Chloride and Fluoride values varied in the range of 51.4 to 72.5 mg/l, 31.5 to 86 mg/l and 0.96 to 1.15 mg/l. The calcium and chloride and fluoride are under the desirable DW limit.  The content of Magnesium, Nitrate, Total phosphate, Sodium and Potassium were in the range of 10.9 to 22.0 mg/l, 5 to 9.3 mg/l, 0.5 to 0.8 mg/l, 1 to 3.2 mg/l and 0.6 to 1.6 mg/l, respectively.  Phenolic compounds, Oil & Grease, Mercury and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) content of all samples are found below detection limit.  The iron, zinc, chromium total, copper, lead and nickel were in the range of 1.5 to 2.2 mg/l, 0.06 to 0.21 mg/l, 0.009 to 0.043 mg/l, 0.008 to 0.023 mg/l, 0.009 to 0.015 mg/l and 0.003 to 0.017 mg/l, respectively. Iron levels in groundwater are also naturally high, which is also reported by CGWB.  Sulphide, Arsenic and Cyanides were found within the desirable DW limit.  Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Sulphate were in the range of 8.8 to 12.3 mg/l and 33 to 53 mg/l, respectively.  Dissolved Oxygen was in the range of 2.1 to 3.4 mg/l.

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Table 3.9: Surface Water Quality Analytical Results

Golaghat District Desirable Drinking Sl. Parameter Unit Water Limits No. SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4 as per IS: 10500 (2012) 1. Colour Hazen <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5-15 2. Temperature 0C 22.6 20.0 23.0 22.8 -- 3. pH value - 8.5 8.3 8.4 7.9 6.5-8.5 4. Turbidity NTU 1.6 1.9 1.2 1.4 1-5 5. Conductivity @250C µS/cm 190 173 186 178 -- 6. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 108 204 142 227 500-2000 7. Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 82 155 94 63 75-200 8. Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 123.4 147.7 128.3 152.5 250-1000 9. Copper mg/l 0.013 0.006 0.009 0.032 0.05-1.5 10. Fluoride (as F) mg/l 0.38 0.87 0.19 0.21 1.0-1.5 11. Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.23 0.19 0.14 0.16 0.3 12. Magnesium (as mg) mg/l 22.0 22.3 25.5 21.4 30-100 13. Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 2.45 3.18 3.91 5.23 45 14. Total phosphate mg/l 0.04 0.55 0.18 0.34 -- 15. Sodium (as Na) mg/l 12.4 57.0 28.0 46.2 -- 16. Potassium (as K) mg/l 1.1 20.2 2.6 3.2 -- 17. Phenolic Compound mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001-0.002 (C6H5OH) 18. Sulphates (as So4) mg/l 87 48 37 89 200-400 19. Sulphides (as H2S) mg/l 0.037 0.015 0.029 0.031 0.05 20. Alkalinity mg/l 164 115 145 122 200-600 21. Total hardness mg/l 132 106 128 109 200-600 22. Total Suspended solids mg/l 21 47 32 26 --- 23. Zinc mg/l 0.63 0.85 0.73 0.29 5-15 24. Cyanides mg/l 0.009 0.034 0.021 0.027 0.05 25. Lead mg/l 0.016 0.034 0.014 0.012 0.01 26. Mercury mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 27. Nickel mg/l 0.013 0.008 0.017 0.006 0.02 28. Arsenic mg/l 0.017 0.009 0.008 0.016 0.01-0.05 29. Chromium Total mg/l 0.015 0.026 0.018 0.021 0.05 30. Oil and grease mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 --- 31. Dissolved oxygen mg/l 7.6 5.2 5.7 7.1 -- 32. Chemical Oxygen mg/l 13.0 15.0 18.0 23.0 --- Demand 33. BOD (3.0 day at 270C) mg/l 3.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 ---

The data can be summarized as follows:

 The surface water samples had less than 5 Hazen units of colour.  The amount of turbidity varied in the range of 1.2 – 1.9 NTU which is within the desirable limit.  pH of the samples was found little alkaline in nature, it ranges between 7.9 to 8.5.  Electrical conductivity values varied in a wide range of 173 μs/cm to 190μs /cm indicating the presence of considerable amount of ionic matter in surface water bodies.

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 Total dissolved solids (TDS) and Total suspended solids (TSS) was in the range of 108 to 227 mg/l and 21 to 47 mg/l, respectively. TDS was within the DW limit.  Total hardness and Alkalinity were found in the range of 106 to 132 mg/l and 115 to 1164 mg/l, respectively, which were also within the DW limit.  Calcium, Chloride and Fluoride values varied in the range of 155 to 82 mg/l, 152.5 to 123.4 mg/l and 0.87 to 0.19 mg/l, were also within DW limit.  The content of Magnesium, Nitrate, Total phosphate, Sodium and Potassium were in the range of 22 to 25.5 mg/l, 2.45 to 5.23 mg/l, 0.04 to 0.55 mg/l, 12.4 to 57 mg/l and 1.1 to 20.2 mg/l, respectively.  Phenolic compounds, Oil & Grease and Mercury content of all samples are below detection limit.  The iron, zinc, chromium total, copper, lead and nickel were in the range of 0.14 to 0.23 mg/l, 0.29 to 0.85 mg/l, 0.015 to 0.026 mg/l, 0.006 to 0.032 mg/l, 0.012 to 0.034 mg/l and 0.008 to 0.017 mg/l, respectively.  The samples of Sulphate, Sulphide, Arsenic and Cyanides were within the desirable DW limit.  Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were in the range of 5.2 to 7.6 mg/l, 13 and 23 mg/l and 3.0 to 5.0 mg/l, respectively. Analytical results indicate the absence of pollution in these water sources both industrial and domestic pollution. This is also evident from the surrounding land use land cover, which is deviated from anthropogenic activities in the areas, the oil field and its surroundings

3.4.7 Air Environment

The ambient air quality was monitored at eight locations. The following criteria were taken into account while selecting the monitoring location: accessibility, topography, security, availability of reliable power supply, dominant wind direction and even distribution of sampling locations in the study area. The main sources of air pollution in the study area are vehicular emission and ongoing processing/production operations and domestic requirements. The AAQM sampling locations are listed in Table 3.10 and shown in Figure 3.17.

Table 3.10: Location Details for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Sl. Location Name of the Location Coordinates No. Code Jorhat District 1 AQ1 Silldubi Village 26027’02.5”N 94 010’33.2”E 2 AQ2 Gorajan Village 26026’47.0”N 94 009’45.2”E Golaghat District 3 AQ3 Near Well Lakhibari 26022’05.6”N 94 002’58.8”E 4 AQ4 Gelajan Village 26003’25.0”N 93 053’42.6”E 5 AQ5 Raajpokhri Village 26003’28.1”N 93 053’58.6”E 6 AQ6 Haldibari Village 26005’02.3”N 93 057’03.2”E 7 AQ7 GGS-II 26005’10.1”N 93 057’13.9”E 8 AQ8 CRPF Camp 26004’01.5”N 93 055’59.2”E

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Figure 3.17: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Location Map

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3.4.7.1 Parameters, Frequency and Monitoring Methodology The following parameters were measured during the ambient air quality monitoring:

 Particulate Matter (PM10)

 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

 Nitrogen Dioxide (NOX)  Methane  Non-methane hydrocarbons  Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Ambient air quality monitoring for the above parameters was conducted adopting a 24-hours schedule. The equipment was placed at open space free from trees and vegetation which otherwise acts as a sink of pollutants resulting in lower levels in monitoring results. At locations close to highways, the equipment was placed at least 100 m away from such highways/roads to avoid influence of traffic exhaust emissions.

High Volume cum Respirable Dust Sampler was used to collect samples for the analysis of

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX. Glass micro-fibre filter papers (GFA Sheets, Whatman) were used for the collection of Particulate Matter. Impingers with fixing solutions were used for the

qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of SO2 and NO2. The method of analysis for different air quality parameters are given in Table 3.11.

Table 3.11: Method of Analysis for Different Air Quality Parameters

Parameters Method of Measurement

PM10 Gravimetric

SO2 Improved West and Gaeke

NOX Modified Jacob & Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite) HC GC-FID with propane N Column VOC GC-FID with Methanizer

Monitoring and analysis of Hydrocarbons and VOC were conducted at eight locations as per the requisite of TOR approved by the MoEF. Photo Plate 3.5 shows the air quality monitoring at different locations in the study area.

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AAQ Monitoring at Borholla AAQ Monitoring at East Lakhibari

AAQ Monitoring at Nambar AAQ Monitoring at Nambar

AAQ Monitoring at Khoraghat GGS II AAQ Monitoring at Khoraghat Ext. Ghulapani

Photo Plate 3.5: Ambient air quality monitoring

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3.4.7.2 Ambient air quality in the study area

Particulate Matter

3 The 24-hourly average of PM10 levels were varied station wise between 39.7µg/m and 3 64.4µg/m , which were within the NAAQS standards, 2009. The summary of PM10 monitored

in the study area is given in Table 3.12. The PM10 levels were well below the permissible limits (NAAQS, 2009 limit of 100µg/m3). The dust generating out of the site for any activity specifically for ground cleaning and top soil removal for new bore hole would dissipate quite well without resulting to any gross dust (particle matter) pollution.

Table 3.12: Summary of PM10 Levels Monitored in the Study Area

24-hourly Average PM10 3 Location Area (μg/m ) Name of the Location Code Category Monitored Limit as per Value NAAQS Jorhat District AQ1 Silldubi Village Residential 43.5 100 AQ2 Gorajan Village Residential 39.7 100 Golaghat District AQ3 Near Well Lakhibari Industrial 62.2 100 AQ4 Gelajan Village Residential 59.4 100 AQ5 Rajpokhri Village Commercial 53.1 100 AQ6 Haaldibri Village Residential 56.3 100 AQ7 GGS-II Industrial 64.4 100 AQ8 CRPF Camp, Ghulapani Residential 48.4 100

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

The analytical result of SO2 value reveals that the concentration of SO2 is within the prescribed standard limits of NAAQS, 2009 at all the locations. The area being mostly

covered with forests with very little industrial activities, the SO2 levels are expected to be low as shown in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13: Summary of SO2 Levels Monitored in the Study Area

24-hourly Average SO2 Location Area (μg/m3) Name of the Location Code Category Monitored Limit as per Value NAAQS Jorhat District AQ1 Silldubi Village Residential 3.92 80 AQ2 Gorajan Village Residential 4.34 80 Golaghat District AQ3 Near Well Lakhibari Industrial 5.95 80 AQ4 Gelajan Village Residential 4.83 80 AQ5 Rajpokhri Village Commercial 4.42 80 AQ6 Haaldibri Village Residential 4.63 80 AQ7 GGS-II Industrial 6.78 80 AQ8 CRPF Camp, Ghulapani Residential 5.23 80 Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-30

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Nitrogen Dioxide (NOX)

The 24-hourly NOx level over the entire study area measured at the eight monitoring stations ranged between 9.24µg/m3 to 16.53µg/m3. The data depicted that the concentration of oxides of nitrogen at all the stations are well within the prescribed limits as summarized in Table 3.14.

Table 3.14: Summary of NOX Levels Monitored in the Study Area

24-hourly Average NOx 3 Location Area (μg/m ) Name of the Location Code Category Monitored Limit as per Value NAAQS Jorhat District AQ1 Silldubi Village Residential 9.24 80 AQ2 Gorajan Village Residential 11.46 80 Golaghat District AQ3 Near Well Lakhibari Industrial 13.81 80 AQ4 Gelajan Village Residential 10.67 80 AQ5 Rajpokhri Village Commercial 12.83 80 AQ6 Haaldibri Village Residential 11.56 80 AQ7 GGS-II Industrial 16.53 80 AQ8 CRPF Camp, Ghulapani Residential 11.43 80

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

The concentration observed was below detection limit as shown in Table 3.15 below. The detection limit of the instrument used for analyzing VOC in the samples was 0.1 g/m3.

Table 3.15: Summary of VOC Levels in the Study Area

Location Area Observed 24-hourly Name of the Location Code Category Average VOC (μg/m3) Jorhat District AQ1 Silldubi Village Residential BDL AQ2 Gorajan Village Residential BDL Golaghat District AQ3 Near Well Lakhibari Industrial BDL AQ4 Gelajan Village, Residential BDL AQ5 Rajpokhri Village Commercial BDL AQ6 Haaldibri Village Residential BDL AQ7 GGS-II Industrial BDL AQ8 CRPF Camp, Ghulapani Residential BDL BDL: Below Detection Limit (0.1 μg/m3)

Hydrocarbons (HC)

The sampling of HC was carried out. The analyzed concentrations of Methane and Non- Methane Hydrocarbons are tabulated in Table 3.16.

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Table 3.16: Summary of HC Levels in the Study Area

Observed 24-hourly Location Area Name of the Location Average HC (μg/m3) Code Category Methane Non-Methane Jorhat District AQ1 Silldubi Village Residential 0.79 0.62 AQ2 Gorajan Village Residential 0.95 0.23 Golaghat District AQ3 Near Well Lakhibari Industrial 1.9 0.77 AQ4 Gelajan Village Residential 0.89 0.63 AQ5 Rajpokhri Village Commercial 1.24 0.38 AQ6 Haaldibri Village Residential 0.89 0.48 AQ7 GGS-II Industrial 2.1 1.0 AQ8 CRPF Camp, Residential 1.02 0.60 Ghulapani

3.4.8 Noise Environment Major sources of noise in the study area include:  Noise made by drilling and completion activities.  Noise made by well pumps and compressors.  Noise made by normal human activities.  Noise made by vehicles, trucks, etc.  Noise made by occasional operation of pumps in the agricultural fields, etc; and  Natural noise, consisting of sounds made by birds, animals and insects. The purpose of noise monitoring at different locations is to obtain baseline noise levels for future reference.

3.4.8.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring Ambient noise monitoring was conducted to assess the background noise levels in the study area. A total of 8 locations within the study were selected for the measurement of ambient noise levels. Noise monitoring was carried out on a 24-hour basis to assess the baseline noise- levels and to evaluate the impact, if any. The locations selected for the study are given in Table 3.17 and shown in Figure 3.18. Photo Plate 3.6 shows the noise quality monitoring at different locations in the study area. The monitoring results are given in Table 3.18, followed with the graphical representation in Figure 3.19 and Figure 3.20.

Table 3.17: Location of Noise Monitoring Locations

Sl. Location Name of the Location Coordinates No. Code Jorhat District 1 N1 Near Borholla GGS 260 27’ 02.0”N 940 10’ 32.4”E 2 N2 Near Primary School in 260 26’ 51.5”N 940 10’ 30.41”E Silldubi Village

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Sl. Location Name of the Location Coordinates No. Code Golaghat District 3 N3 Near Well Lakhibari 260 22’ 07.2”N 940 02’ 58.1”E 4 N4 Gelajan Village 260 03’ 24.2”N 930 53’ 42.8”E 5 N5 Raajpokhri Village 260 03’ 28.9”N 930 53’ 58.6”E 6 N6 Haldibari Village 260 05’ 01.1”N 930 57’ 03.2”E 7 N7 GGS-II 260 04’ 47.2”N 930 56’ 56.2”E 8 N8 Ghulapni 260 04’ 01.5”N 930 56’ 03.0”E

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Figure 3.18: Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Location Map

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Noise level Monitoring at Borholla Block Noise level Monitoring at East Lakhibari Block

Noise level Monitoring at Nambar Block Noise level Monitoring at Nambar Block

Noise level Monitoring at Khoraghat Ext Noise level Monitoring at Khoraghat Block Block

Photo Plate 3.6: Noise level Monitoring at Different Locations in Study Area

3.4.8.2 Methodology

Ambient noise level or sound pressure levels (SPL) were measured by a portable sound level meter having built in facilities to read noise level directly in dB (A). A-weighted equivalent

continuous sound pressure level (Leq) values were computed from the values of A-weighted SPL measured with the help of noise meter. Noise Measurement was conducted by noise Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-35

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

meter. At each location, noise monitoring was conducted continuously over a period of

twenty-four hours to obtain Leq values at uniform time intervals of one hour.

Day time Leq has been computed from the hourly Leq values between 6.00 a.m. and 10.00 p.m.

and night time Leq from the hourly Leq values between 10.00 p.m. and 6.00 a.m. using the

16 Li 8 Li 1 10 1 10 Leq 10log 10 L 10log 10 day  eqnight  16 i1 8 i1 following formula:

Where, Li = Leq value of the ith hourly time interval

Table 3.18: Summary of Ambient Noise levels Monitored in the Study Area

Location Day Night Name of the Location Area Category Code Leq Limit Leq Limit Jorhat District N1 Near Borholla GGS Residential 43.6 55 32.5 45 N2 Near Primary School in Residential 41.5 55 30.0 45 Silldubi Village Golaghat District N3 Near Well Lakhibari Industrial 65.3 75 55.7 70 N4 Gelajan Village Residential 45.8 55 31.1 45 N5 Raajpokhri Village Commercial 50.5 65 41.5 55 N6 Haldibari Village Residential 42.9 55 32.3 45 N7 GGS-II Industrial 67.8 75 59.8 70 N8 Ghulapani Residential 43.6 55 34.7 45

Area Category: I-Industrial, C-Commercial, R-Residential, S-Silence zone Day time: 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. Night time: 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m Permissible Ambient Noise standards in dB (A): Industrial Area: Day time: 75 Night time: 70 Commercial Area: Day time: 65 Night time: 55 Residential Area: Day time: 55 Night time: 45 Silence Zone: Day time: 50 Night time: 40

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Leq Day dB (A) 80 70 60 50 40 30 Leq Day dB (A) 20 Limit Day dB (A) Noise Level Level Noise (A) dB 10 0 NQ1 NQ2 NQ3 NQ4 NQ5 NQ6 NQ7 NQ8 Monitoring Stations

Figure 3.19: Ambient Noise Levels Monitored in the Study Area (Day time)

Leq Night dB (A) 80 70 60 50 40 30 Leq Day dB (A) 20 Limit Day dB (A) Noise Level Level Noise (A) dB 10 0 NQ1 NQ2 NQ3 NQ4 NQ5 NQ6 NQ7 NQ8 Monitoring Stations

Figure 3.20: Ambient Noise levels monitored in the study area (Night time)

3.4.8.3 Analysis of the Data

Assessment of noise level was carried out at 8 locations to evaluate the ambient noise levels and possible impacts due to project activities. The values of noise level, which were recorded, were in the range of 41.5 - 67.8 dB (A) during daytime and 30.0 – 59.8 dB (A) at night time. The noise level was well within the permissible limit as per the NAAQS.

3.4.9 Biological Environment

The natural vegetation comprises tropical moist and dry deciduous forests. In view of the high rainfall, the cropping system is rice based. The main crops of rainy season (Kharif) grown under rainfed condition are rice and jute beside this tea is also cultivated in large area.

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3.4.9.1 Terrestrial Environment

Flora

The floristic composition of the Golaghat and Jorhat district is very rich; most of the plants are tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen variety. Secondary data obtained from the Forest department was evaluated to assess the floristic structure of the study area. Major tree species found in the area are Sida, Dimaru, aam, segun, Nahar, bel etc. Table 3.19 and Table 3.20 presents list of important flora in the Golaghat and Jorhat districts respectively. The list of medicinal plant in Jorhat district area is given in Table 3.21. Photo Plate 3.7 shows the observed vegetation and surroundings of the study area.

Table 3.19: List of Important Flora in the Golaghat District

No. Scientific Name Common Name A. Tree 1. Acaciaauriculoformis Moj 2. Aegle marmelos Bel 3. Albizia lucida Silkarai 4. Albizia odoratissima Siris 5. Albizia procera KaloSiris 6. Alianthus grandii Borpat 7. Alibiizalebbeck Sirish 8. Alistonia scholaris Satiana 9. Annona squamosa Atlas 10. Anthocephalussinensis Kadam 11. Arecacatachu Tambol 12. Artocarpusintergifolia Kathal 13. Azadirachtaindica Mahaneem 14. Bauhiniavariegata Kanchan 15. Biscofiajavanica Uriam 16. Bombaxceiba Simalu 17. Borassusflabellifer Tal 18. Butea monosperma Palas 19. Caeslpiniapulcherima Krishnasura 20. Camelliasinensis Cha 21. Cassiafistula Shonaru 22. Cassiasiamea Seemia, Kassod 23. Cayeaarborea Kum 24. Ceiba pentendra SwetSimul 25. Cocoosnucifera Narikal 26. Dalbergiasissoo Sisu 27. Delonixregia Radhasura 28. Dilleniaindica Outenga 29. Erythrinavariegata Modar 30. Euclyptussp. Safeda 31. Eugeniapracco Bogijamu 32. Ficusbengalensis Bat 33. Ficushispida Ingthum 34. Gmelinaarborea Gameri 35. Litchichinensis Lichi 36. Mangiferaindica Aam 37. Meliaazedarch Ghoraneem 38. Mesuaferrea Nahar Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-38

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No. Scientific Name Common Name 39. Micheliachampaca Titachopa 41. Mimusopselengi Bokul 42. Peltophorum pterocarpum Radhachura 43. Phoenixsylvestris Khejur 44. Pterospermum acerifolium Kanakchampa 45. Phyllanthusembilica Amla 46. Plumariaacutiafolia Katgolap 47. Polyalthialongifolia Debadaru 48. Pongamiapinnata Karach 49. Psidium gujava Madhuriam 50. Punicagrantum Dalim 51. Sesbaniagrandiflora Bakphul 52. Syzygium cumini Kalajam 53. Saracaindica Asoka 54. Tectonagrandis Segun 55. Terminaliaarjuna Arjun 56. Tamarindusindica Tetuli 57. Tetramelesnudiflora Bhelu 58. Terminaliachebula Silikha 59. Trewa nudiflora Gute 60. Zizyphusjujuba Jujube B. Shrubs 61. Abutilonindicum Indian Mallow 62. Adhatodazeylanica Jok-an-kelok 63. Antidesmusacidum Ingchum 64. Bambusaarundinacea Mokal Baansh 65. Bambusavulgaris Common bamboo 66. Bambusatulda Spineless Indian Bamboo 67. Bambusabalcooa Homestead bamboo 68. Bambusanana Hairy jointgrass 69. Dendrocalamussp Male or Solid bamboo 70. Calamusrotang Pri 71. Clerodendrumindicum Bapnem-ai 72. Clerodendrumserratum Phelang-riho 73. Murrayakoenigii Thengsakso 74. Nyctanthesarbor-tristis Hewali 75. Olaxacuminate Hanboka 76. Paederiafoetida Rekang 77. Persicariamicrocephala Delap 78. Phlogacanthustubiflorus Jok-anke-et 79. Solanumspirale Jok-ho 80. Solanumtorvum Theso-rongman 81. Vitexnegundo Vorke 82. Hibiscusrosa-sinensis Jaba 83. Hibiscusvitifolius Bon-kapas 84. Ixoracoccinea Rangan 85. Jatrophacurcus Physic Nut 86. Lantanacamera Lantana weed 87. Neriumindicum Karabi 88. Nyethenthesarbortristis Sewali 89. Ricinuscommunis Rehri 90. Thevetiaperuviana Kolkey

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No. Scientific Name Common Name C Herbs 91. Alocasiamacrorrhiza Henchala 92. Alternantherasessilis Raeaba 93. Amorphophalusbulbifer Hensaluki 94. Arisaematortuosum Chamua 95. Beta vulgaris Belgalidido 96. Cassiatora Bapduli 97. Chenopodium album Churu 98. Commelinabenghalensis Kurveng 99. Curcumaamada Tharmittharve 100. Drymariacordata Kur-vengso 101. Ensetesuperbum Lobong 102. Homalomenaaromatic Okhiatehang 103. Hydrocotylesibthorpoides Chongamok 104. Lasisspinosa Henruehong 105. Leucasaspera Chanrongaan 106. Oxaliscorniculata Vothungmekbop 107. Physaliaperuviana Thebong-kang 108. Portulacaoleracea Chitu 109. Portulacaquadrifida Vothungmekvoke-er 110. Solanum nigrum Pharchingki 111. Tageteserecta Mirkadomphui 112. Xanthium strumarium Parakhanthor D Climbers 113. Abrus precatorius Coral bead vine 114. Cissusquadrangularis Repichingthun 115. Deeringiaamaranthoides Hanthai 116. Dioscoreaesculenta Ruiphengselu 117. Dioscoreapentaphylla Ruipheng 118. Dioscoreapuber Rui-chilong 119. Ipomesbatatas Ruidok 120. Clitoreatenata Aparajita 121. Cuscutreflexa Akashilata 122. Mikaniascandens Nag 123. Paederiafoetida Bhedailata

Table 3.20: List of Important Flora in the Jorhat District

Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name A. Trees 1 Aam Mangifera indica* 2 Aatha Annona squamosa* 3 Agar Aquilaria agallocha 4 Amlaki Phyllanthusemblica* 5 Arahar Gajanusindicus 6 Asoka Saracaindica* 7 Auri Acacia auriculoformis* 8 Awal Vitex penduncularis, Stereospermumcholonides 9 Babla Gaach Acacia nilotica* 10 Baghachrailata Dalbergiastipulacea 11 Bahera Terminalia belerica* 12 Balati /amli Pithecelobium dulce* Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-40

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name 13 Baut Gaach Ficusbengalensis* 14 Bel Aegle marmelos* 15 Bish-lata Millettia psehycarpa 16 Boga-medoloa Tephrosia candida 17 Chalta Dilleniaindica* 18 Chamal Artocarpuschaplasha 19 Chandul (maina,rairal) Tetramelesnudiflora 20 Chatiwan Alstonia scholaris 21 Debdaru Polyalthia longifolia* 22 Dhup Canarium bengalense 23 Garjan Dipterocarpusturbinatus* Gorak-narikel Sterculia alata 24 (Bandarpela, Cach) 25 Gulmohar Delonixregia* 26 Haldu Adina cordifolia* 27 Haludehaki Adina sessilifolia* 28 Harguza Dillenia pentagyna* 29 Harish Albizzia stipulata* 30 Haritaki Terminalia chebula* 31 Hizal Barringtonia acutangula 32 Jam, geda Eugenia operacalta 33 Jam, kala Eugenia jambolana* 34 Jam, tita Eugenia cymosa 35 Jinari Premnabengalensia 36 Jinari Premnabarbata 37 Jiol Odina wodier 38 Kadam Anthocephalusindicus* 39 Kajikara Garugapinnata 40 Kaju Anacardium occidentale* 41 Kajur Phoenixsylvestris 42 Kanta-kui Brideliaretusa 43 Kanthal Artocarpusheterophyllus* 44 Karai, Siris Albizzia procera* 45 Karanj Pongamia pinnata* 46 Kendu Diospyros melanoxylon* 47 Kheta (chegarashi) Chukrasia tabularis 48 Kul Zizyphusjujuba* 49 Lakshmi Mangiferasylvatica 50 Lichu Litchi chinensis* 51 Mahogany Swietenia mahogeni 52 Mandar Erythrina suberosa 53 Mera (medda) Trewia nudiflora 54 Minijiri Cassia siamea 55 Nageswar Mesua ferrea 56 Narikel Cocosnucifera* 57 Neem Azadirachta indica* 58 Nilgiri Eucalyptus* 59 Nour Burseraserrata 60 Padauk Pterocarpusindicus 61 Palas Butea monosperma* 62 Pani Terminalia myriecarpa 63 Piara Psidium guajava*

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Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name 64 Pipal, Ashathya Ficusreligiosa* 65 Pitraj(rahena) Ammoorarohituka 66 Poma (rangi) Cedrela toona 67 Poma, markatya Schleicheratrijuga 68 Pyinkade Xylia dolabriformis 69 Rabar Ficuselastica* 70 Rata (lali) Amoorawalichii 71 Saal Shorearobusta* 72 Sapeda Manilkara zapota* 73 Segun Tectonagrandis* 74 Simul Salmalia malabarica, Bombaxmalabaricum* 75 Sissoo Dalbergiasissoo* 76 Sonal Cassiafistula* 77 Supari Areacacatechu 78 Taal Borassusflabellifer* 79 Tejpat Cinnamomum tamala 80 Tetul Tamarindusindica* 81 Udal Sterculiavillasa 82 Umber Ficusracemosa* 83 Urium Bischofiajavanica B Shrub 84 Aakanda Calotropisprocera* 85 Bajna Zanthoxylumbudrunga 86 Bankadam Hymenodictyon excelsum,Wall 87 Bans, barak (barua) Bambusabaleeoa* 88 Bans, Kalyai Oxytenanthera nigrocilista* 89 Bans, Kanak-kai Bambusaoffinis* 90 Bans, Makal Bambusapallida,Munro* 91 Bans,Mitinga Bambusatulda* 92 Bans,Muli Melocanna bambusoides 93 Bans,Parwa Bambusateres* 94 Barai, ban Zizyphusrugosa* 95 Bunotulsi Hyptissuaveolens* 96 Bush Morning Glory Ipomeafistulosa* 97 Cascabela thevetia Thevetiaperuviana* 98 Cha, Chai Camellia sinensis* 99 Gokru Xanthium stromarium 100 Jaba Phool Hibiscusrosa-sinensis* 101 Jungle flame Ixora* 102 Kul Zizyphusmauritiana* 103 Laantana Lantana camara* 104 Lagundi Vitexnegundo* 105 Malbar nut Adhatodavasica* 106 Oleander Neriumodorum* C Herbs 107 Bandar-hola Mucuna pruriens 108 Bans, Pocha Dendrocalamushamiltono* 109 Bansrupai(orah) Dendrocalamuslongispathus 110 Bata Erianthusravennas 111 Binna (khus-khus) Andropegon squarrrous 112 Chaff flower Achyranthes aspera*

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Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name 113 Chhan Imperatearundinacea,* 114 Common Sida Sida acuta* 115 Dhutra Datura metal* 116 Hogla Typhaelephantina.* 117 Indian Mallow Abutilon indicum* 118 Khagra Saccharumspontaneum 119 Puma Toon Tridaxprocumbens* 120 Sessile joy weed Alternanterasessilis 121 Sunti Curcumaspp. 122 Til Sesamumindicum 123 Wild Indigo Tephrosia hamiltonii* E Climbers 124 Agarbel Millettia auriculata 125 Maula Spatholobusroxburghii 126 Pivarbel Combretumdecandrum 127 Sonbel Bauhinia vahlii* F Parasites 128 Amarbel Cuscuta reflexa* Source: State forest department Jorhat, Assam;*Observed during survey

Table 3.21: List of Important Medicinal Plant in the Jorhat District

Sr. No. Local Name Parts used Flowering and Fruiting 1 Ulakambal& Banlopali Root, bark, June-December 2 Kunch Root and seed April-February 3 Petari Leaves, barks, juice of leaves, October-February seed and root, 4 Banritha Pod and leaves February-March 5 Buktajari Plants, roots and leaves - 6 Apang Plants, roots and seeds July-March 7 Bach Rhizome Not seen 8 Bakast and Vasaka Leaves, roots and flowers December-May 9 Bel Root-bark, fruit April-March 10 Pichas Root leaves and flowers. October-February 11 Nagakala Leaves April-February 12 Kaju badam Roots, barks and fruits April-February 13 Kalmegh Plant, roots and leaves Winter 14 Kadam Bark, leaves Rains winter 15 Anaras Leaves and fruits - 16 Nona Bark, leaves and seeds July-March 17 Agar Wood Rainy season 18 Shialkata Root, juice and seeds Winter 19 Satamuli Root, Winter 20 Kam-ranga Fruit August-March 21 Brahmisk Plant, stem and leaves October 22 Danti Root, leaves and seeds Throughout the year 23 Kanchan Bark and flowers - 24 Kukursanga Whole plant February-March 25 Kukur-sanga Plant, roots and leaves December-April 26 Jong-obi Bark and root August–March 27 Naud Plant and leaves In rains 28 Nata Bark, leaves and seeds Winter Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-43

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Sr. No. Local Name Parts used Flowering and Fruiting 29 Lataphatakri Plant December-April 30 Kalkasunda Plant, roots, leaves and seeds July-April 31 Chakunda Root, leaves and seeds Rains- winter 32 Kalkashunda Plant, leaves and seeds Rain-winter 33 Thunimankuni Plant and leaves; very common December-July throughout the state 34 Bethshag Plant December-April 35 Bethushag Plant Throughout the year 36 Akanadi Leaves and seeds October 37 Hoorhuria Leaves and seeds Throughout the year 38 Jangli-Darchini Bark and seeds December 39 Bhai Root and leaves December-July 40 Bhait Juthur Roots, leaves and flowers February-May up to July 41 Telakucha Plant, root and leaves Hot period 42 Huyer Root and leaves January 43 Titapati Seeds Rainy season 44 Kalauja Fruits, bark and leaves Rain-winter 45 Barun Bark and leaves April-December 46 Baragach Bark, roots, fruits and seeds December-June 47 Jhunjhuni Stem, leaves and seeds December-April 48 Talamuli Throughout the state Rains up to winter 49 DhubhDurba Plant, Rains 50 Sunda Tubers September-January 51 Dhutura Roots, leaves and seeds Rainy season 52 Dhutura Leaves and fruits Rainy season 53 Chprialu Tubers Upto winter 54 Banalu Tubers August-November 55 Garur Plant, rhizome and fruits - 56 Kesuti Plants, roots, leaves and juice July-January 57 Anola Root, bark, flowers and fruits January-December 58 Tappa-changue Bark November-December upto April st 59 Ghila Seeds stem and bark flowers 1 part of the second year 60 Pichas Plant Winter 61 Ayapana Stem and leaves July-March 62 Barokhernie Leaves and seeds - 63 Dudiya Leaves and seeds Throughout the year 64 Bot Root, fibers, leaves, milky juice Winter-rains and seeds

Aegle marmelos (Bael) Mangifera indica (Aam) Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-44

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Tectona Grandis (Sagun) Sida Acutaa

Tea cultivation in study area Paddy cultivation in study area

Photo Plate 3.7: Local Vegetations and Surroundings of the Study Area

Fauna

Major domestic animals in the study area are goat, sheep, buffalo, pig, horse etc. Common wild fauna are Swamp Deer, Butterflies, Honeybee, Great Indian Hornbill, Bengal Florican, White wing Wood Duck, etc. The list of important fauna in Golaghat and Jorhat districts area is given in Table 3.22 and Table 3.23 respectively.

Table 3.22: List of Important Fauna in the Golaghat District

Name Common Name Name in Assamese Scientific Name A Mammals 1 Indian Elephant Hati Elephas maximus 2 Tiger Bagh Panthera tigris 3 Gaur (Indian Bison) Methun Bos gaurus 4 Leopard Nahor Phutuki Bagh Panthera tigris 5 Sambar Hor Pohu Cervus unicolor 6 Barking Deer Hugori Pohu Muntiacus muntjak 7 Ant Eater Bon roh Manis crassicaudata 8 Hares Hoha Pohu Lupus nigricallis 9 Flying Squirrel Bonoria Kerketuva Dremnomys lokriah 10 Mangoose Neoul Herpestes edwardsi 11 Tiger Civet Cat Lota Mekuri Bagh Felis chaus

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Name Common Name Name in Assamese Scientific Name 12 Slow Loris Lajuki Bandor Nycticebus ceucang 13 Hog Deer Khotia Pohu Axis porcinus 14 Wild Pig Bonoria Gahori Sus scrofa 15 Civet Cat Johamal Viverra zibetha 16 Monkey (Langoor) Honuman Bandor Presbytis entellus 17 Monkey (Rhesus ) Moluva Bandor Macaca mulatta 18 Porcupine Ketala Pohu Hystrix indica 19 Jackal Hiyal Canis aureas 20 Otter Ud Lutra lutra 21 Sloth Bear Matir bhaluk Melursus ursinus 22 Himalayan Black Bear Himalayan Kola Bhaluk Selenarctos thebetanus 23 Honey Bear Gos Bhaluk - 24 Swamp Deer Dol Horin Cervus duvauceli 25 Wild Dog Rang kukur - 26 Hoolock Monkey Holoh Bandor Hylobates hoolock 27 Bat Baduli Various spp. B Reptiles 28 King Cobra Sokori Pheti Hap Dphiophagus hannah 29 Cobra Pheti Hap - 30 Python Ajogor - 31 Monitor Lizard Guie Veranus bengalensis 32 Golden Lizard Hoon Guie - C Birds 33 Imperial Pigeon Parghuma Sorai Docula aenea 34 Green Pigeon Haisa Sorai Treron bicincta 35 Jungle Fowl Bonoria Kukura Gallus gallus 36 Pheasant Dorik Lophura leucomelana 37 Qual Bota Sorai Apus apus 38 Whistling Teal Horali Hah Debdrocynga javanica 39 Cotton Teal Pani Hah Nettapus 40 Plover Bali Mahi Coromandelianus 41 Great Hornbill Raj Dhoneh Vanellus vanellus 42 Hawk Hen Sorai Falco peregrinus 43 Crow Kauri Corvus macrorhynchos 44 Magpies Dohikotora Copsyehus saularis 45 Hill Myna Maina Gracula religiosa 46 Parrot Bhatoh Psittacula krameri 47 Horn Bill Dhoneh Anthracocerusmalabaricus 48 Racket Tailed Dronge Bhim Raj Diccrurus paradiseus 49 Rock Dove Hil Kopoh Columbar livia 50 King Crow Phesu Dicrurus Adsimilis (Source: Primary Survey & ENVIS Centre Assam, MoEF, GoI)

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Table 3.23: List of Important Fauna in the Jorhat District

No. Common Name Scientific Name A Mammals 1 Hoolock Monkey Hylobates hoolock 2 Bengal Monkey Macaca rhesus 3 Stump tailed monkey M. arctoides 4 Barbers leaf monkey Semnopithecusphayrei 5 Slow Loris Nycticebusbengalensis Carnivores 6 Leopard Panthera pardus 7 Jungle ct Felis chaus 8 Leopard cat Felis bengalensis 9 Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica 10 Large Indian Civet Viverricula zibetha 11 Common Indian Mongoose* Herpestesedwardsii 12 Indian wolf Canislupus 13 Indian wild dog Cuondukhunensis 14 Indian fox Canisbengalensis 15 Jackals Canisaureus 16 Common otter Lutra lutra 17 Sloth bear Melursusursinus Insectivore 18 Grey musk shrew Crociduracaerulea Chiropteran 19 Common flying fox of India Pteropusmedius Rodent 20 Large Indian squirrel * Sciurus indicus 21 Large Malay squirrel S. Bicolo 22 Large bamboo rats Rhysemys spp. 23 Common rats * Musratus 24 Indian porcupine Hystrixleucura 25 Rabbit * Oryctolagus cuniculus Ungulate 26 Indian elephants Elephasmaximus 27 Indian Bison Bosfrontalis 28 Sambar deer Cervus-Rusaunicolor 29 Barking deer Muntjacus-cervulusmuntjac 30 Wild boar Suscristatus 31 Indian pangolin Manispentadactyla B Aves (Birds) 32 The common house crow * Corvussplendens 33 Jot-black jungle crow * C.macrorhynchos 34 The red vented Bulbul* Pycnonotuscafer 35 The red whiskered Bulbul P. jocosus 36 King crow Dicrurusadsimilis Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-47

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No. Common Name Scientific Name 37 Common House Mynah* Acridotheristristis 38 The pied Munah Sturnuscontra 39 House sparrow * Passer domesticus 40 Indian Tree pie Dendrocitta vagabunda 41 Common Babbler* Turdoidescaudatus 42 The racket tailed Drongo* Dicrurusparadiseus 43 The Babbling Thrush CerateropusCamorus 44 The Jerdons Chloropsis Chloropsisjerdoni 45 The green Bulbul Chloropisaurifrons 46 The shama Copsychusmalabaricus 47 Indian urenwarbler Prinia subflava 48 The streaked fantail warbler Cisticola juncidis 49 The tailor bird Orthotomussutorius 50 The jungleMuniah Acredothersfuscus 51 The Hill Munah or the Grackle Graculareligiosa 52 The black headed oriole Oriolusxanthornus 53 Baya weaver Bird Ploceusphilippinus 54 The white Wagtail Motacilla alba 55 The yellow headed wagtail M citreola 56 The Gray wagtail M. capsica 57 Spotted Munia Lonchurapunctulata 58 The Red-Munia * Estrilda amandava 59 The white backec Munia Lonchura striata 60 The purple sunbird* Nectarinia asiatica 61 The purple rumped sunbird N. zeylonica 62 The Indian Yellow backed Aethopygasiparaja sunbird 63 The scarlet flower pecker Dicacum cruentatum 64 The scarlet Minivet Pericrocotusflammeus Coraciiform 65 The golden backed wood Brachypternusbengalensis pecker* 66 The yellow wood pecker DendrocopasMahrathons Ord. Caracil 67 The Indian Rollerorthe blue jay Coraciasbenhalensis * 68 The common bee eaters* Meropsorientalis 69 White breasted king fisher Halcyonsmyrnenssis 70 The common king fisher* Alcedoatthis 71 The black capped kingfisher Halcyonpileata 72 The Brown headed stork Pelargopsiscapensis billed kingfisher 73 The Indian Hoopoe Upupaepops Cuculit 74 Indian cuckoo * Cuculusmicropterus Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-48

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No. Common Name Scientific Name 75 The pied crested cuckoo Clamator jacobinus 76 The Crow Pheasant Centropussinensis 77 The common Koel* Eudynamishonorata Psittachi 78 Blossom-headed parakeet* Psittacula cyanocephala 79 Indian Red breasted Parakeet P. fasciatus 80 Large Burmese parakeet P. eupatria-indoburmamica 81 Eastern Rose ringed parakeet* P. Krameriborasalis Striges 82 Brown owl Strixflammeus 83 The Brown fish owl Bubozeylonensis 84 The scopes owl Otusscops 85 The spotted owlet Athenebrama Accipitren 86 White backed vulture or the Gypsbengalensis Bengal vulture 87 The common Indian kite* Milvusmigrans Columbac 88 The Indian Spotted Dove* Spilopelia chinensis 89 The Red jungle fowl Gallusgallus Grallae 90 Water cocks Gallicrex cinera 91 The saruzcram Grusantigone 92 The Bronze wingedjacana Meto-pidiusIndicus 93 The pheasant tailed jacana Hydropha sisnuychirugus 94 The stone curiew Burhinusoedicenemus 95 Red wattled lapping vanellusindicus Herodious 96 The white necked stork Ciconia epsioopus 97 The cattle Egret* Bulbulcusibis 98 The paddy Bird orthe pond Ardeolagrayii Heron* 99 The Night Heron Nyclricoraxnucticorax 100 The Chestnut Bittorn Xobrychuscinnamomens 101 The little Green Bittern Butoxiessp. 102 Shorellers Anasclypeata 103 The common Teal A. creaca 104 The Cotton Teal Nettapuscoromandelianus C Reptiles 105 Indian Python Python molurusmolurus 106 Cobra Naja naja 107 Rat snake* Ptyasmucosus 108 Common Krait Bungaruscoeruleus 109 Russell’sviper Viperarusselli 110 Garden lizard* Calotesversicolor Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3-49

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No. Common Name Scientific Name 111 Indian Chameleon* Chameleonzegylanicus D Amphibians 112 Cricket Frog* Fejervarya limnocharis 113 Indian Bull Frog Hoplobatrachustigerinus Source: State forest department Jorhat, Assam;*Observed during survey

The area falling under the 10 km radial distance is surrounded by both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. There is no eco-sensitive area or wild life sanctuary within 10 kilometers of the project area in both Jorhat and Golaghat district. The execution of project does not involve loss of any wildlife habitat hence the impact on flora & fauna is insignificant.

3.4.10 Socio-Economic Environment

The socio-economic profile of the study area is based on Census of India data (2011). The study of socio-economic components of environment incorporates various features viz., demographic structure, availability of basic amenities such as housing, education, medical facilities, drinking water facilities, post, telegraph and telephone facilities, communication facilities, recreational, cultural facilities, approach to villages etc. The study of these parameters helps in identifying, predicting and evaluating the likely impacts due to the proposed project activity in that region.

The Nambar, Khoraghat, Khoraghat Extension and East Lakhibari ML area are located in Golaghat district and Borholla ML area is located in the Jorhat District of Assam. The administrative divisions of the district are given in Table 3.24 and villages found in the study area are as shown in Figure 3.21.

Table 3.24: Administrative Divisions of the Districts

S. No. Division Golaghat District Jorhat District 1. Revenue Circle 6 6 2. Census towns 2 7 3. Statutory towns 5 4 4. Total Villages 1125 848

The Borholla ML area lies in Titabor Revenue circle. East Lakhibari ML area and Khoraghat Extension (partly) lie in Golaghat Revenue circle Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension (majorly) lie in Sarupathar Revenue circle.

It is envisaged that the proposed project will have certain positive impacts and insignificant negative impact as activities will be temporary on the surrounding areas with reference to socio-economic environment due to influx of population and strain on existing infrastructure for a short period of time. The data on baseline status of the study and basic information about the socio-economic profile has also been collected during the site visit and from secondary sources. Baseline information was collected to define the socio-economic profile of the study area.

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Golaghat District

Jorhat District Figure 3.21: Villages found within the Study Area

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3.4.10.1 Demography

The Nambar, Khoraghat, Khoraghat Extension and East Lakhibari ML areas in Golaghat district cover approximately 67 villages and the Borholla ML area in Jorhat district cover around 20 villages as per Census 2011. The demographic profile of the study area is given in Table 3.25 and Table 3.26.

Table 3.25: Demographic Details of the Jorhat Study Area

Sl. Name of Total no. of Population Literates No. Villages Households Male Female Total Male Female Total Borholla ML Area 1. Rajabari Panjan 363 944 833 1777 636 447 1083 2. Gaharichowa 276 708 670 1378 520 421 941 3. Kaliapani T.E. 99 229 227 456 159 138 297 4. Cherelipather 344 802 774 1576 585 461 1046 5. Khemakachari 359 794 745 1539 690 623 1313 6. Borholla T.E. 821 1927 1811 3738 1098 764 1862 7. Garjan Gaon 327 803 785 1588 589 479 1068 8. Sildubi 328 800 802 1602 526 463 989 9. No.2 Kakadonga 448 1042 1016 2058 850 763 1613 Habi 10. Borholla Grant 280 689 637 1326 544 427 971 11. No.1 Kakadonga 325 797 801 1598 678 605 1283 Habi Gaon 12. Matikhula Gaon 143 359 337 696 291 243 534 13. Miri Gaon 351 846 813 1659 693 574 1267 14. No,1 Block 385 948 862 1810 755 581 1336 15. No.2 Block 278 669 643 1312 550 487 1037 16. No.3 Block 543 1338 1270 2608 1090 910 2000 17. Halfmile Bell 551 1435 1332 2767 1161 929 2090 18. No.4 Block 357 867 817 1684 721 573 1294 19. Nagabal Gaon 218 523 518 1041 392 332 724 20. Sukanjun 328 788 780 1568 668 617 1285 (Source: Census of India, 2011)

Table 3.26: Demographic Details of the Golaghat Study Area

Sl. Total no. of Population Literates Name of Villages No. Households Male Female Total Male Female Total Khoraghat & Nambar ML Area 1. Ajharguri No.2 51 137 117 254 83 60 143 2. Kathonipur 26 56 55 111 44 31 75 3. Madhupur No.1 58 186 151 337 134 95 229 4. Madhupur No.2 364 1066 1021 2087 408 333 741 5. Kamalpur 33 75 75 150 61 52 113 6. Ranipukhuri 98 263 209 472 127 69 196 7. Rajapukhuri 95 226 218 444 157 139 296 8. Chetonapur 77 185 188 373 102 82 184 9. Lakhinagar No.1 136 299 349 648 239 188 427

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Sl. Total no. of Population Literates Name of Villages No. Households Male Female Total Male Female Total 10. Lakhinagar No.2 79 163 189 352 133 108 241 11. Bidyapur 363 1145 1052 2197 650 484 1134 12. Janakpur 39 96 96 192 77 64 141 13 Hatidubi 176 439 434 873 257 222 479 14 Navajyoti Majgaon 75 185 168 353 144 120 264 15 Misamari 13 20 28 48 12 14 26 16 Bordondi No.1 28 71 58 129 53 36 89 17 Bordondi No.2 85 221 216 437 158 116 274 18 Goroibil 47 108 124 232 72 60 132 19 Dhonpur No.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 Tamulpur 37 92 100 192 75 70 145 21 Lotapur 43 106 97 203 70 51 121 22 Haldhibari 183 490 387 877 314 185 499 23 Jordolong No.1 41 97 105 202 69 56 125 24 Dimorujan 85 189 179 368 143 97 240 25 Jurpukhuri 33 74 89 163 54 48 102 26 Benganabari 51 138 126 264 92 69 161 27 Da-Kawalipathar 75 165 158 323 122 88 210 No.1 28 Da-Kawalipathar 30 63 53 116 43 29 72 No.2 29 Jordolong No.2 52 132 111 243 106 74 180 30 Jahajibosti 45 132 129 261 65 53 118 31 Gholapani 114 235 216 451 144 121 265 32 Lachit Gaon No.2 190 533 518 1051 380 301 681 33 Lachit Gaon No.1 80 220 194 414 162 104 266 34 Bilgaon 151 346 353 699 253 230 483 35 Santipur No.2 46 108 109 217 82 63 145 36 Majgaon 117 293 268 561 174 125 299 37 Chetiagaon No.1 205 667 492 1159 468 249 717 38 Chetiagaon No.2 98 250 220 470 153 92 245 39 Kempur 53 168 154 322 87 59 146 40 Krishnapur 265 804 773 1577 416 294 710 41 Chainpur 201 567 516 1083 312 202 514 42 Ratanpur 88 237 253 490 107 83 190 43 Jordolong No.1 62 138 149 287 111 92 203 44 Jordolong No.2 32 96 107 203 73 61 134 45 Santipur 106 286 275 561 174 129 303 46 Sonalinagar No.1 28 67 65 132 57 39 96 47 Sonalinagar No.2 174 417 409 826 313 245 558 48 Thaigirguri 74 168 167 335 119 104 223 49 Owabari 50 101 94 195 81 67 148 50 Ranipukhuri 135 317 294 611 232 195 427 51 Milonpur 26 60 53 113 41 32 73 52 Chaluk Pathar No.1 212 592 565 1157 419 331 750 53 Chaluk Pathar No.2 99 240 244 484 159 113 272 54 Chaluk Pathar No.3 214 642 613 1255 340 276 616 55 Rangmaipur 61 126 122 248 98 69 167

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Sl. Total no. of Population Literates Name of Villages No. Households Male Female Total Male Female Total 56 Rajapukhuri No.2 56 159 159 318 119 83 202 57 Rajapukhuri No.3 176 535 551 1086 276 222 498 58 Rajapukhuri No.1 60 175 162 337 106 62 168 59 Gouri Pathar 26 64 49 113 54 41 95 60 Kuki Bosti 94 246 253 499 190 183 373 61 Aao Bosti 55 127 140 267 86 87 173 62 Tengatol Bosti 28 84 84 168 63 36 99 63 Nepali Bosti 53 140 124 264 104 66 170 64 Pukhuri Para 119 317 309 626 241 220 461 65 Tokse Naga Bosti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 East Lakhibari ML Area 66 Ghiladhari 981 2337 2324 4661 2457 1411 1046 67 Merapani 717 1914 1604 3518 1546 1200 2746 (Source: Census of India, 2011)

3.4.10.2 Occupation

All the villages have agriculture as their prime source of income. Apart from agriculture, villagers are also engaged in poultry, fishing and labour work.

3.4.10.3 Medical Facilities

There are 23 Private hospitals, 14 Community Health Centre’s, 78 Primary Health Centre’s, 290 Health Sub-Centre’s and 1Civil hospital in the Jorhat and Golagaht districts. The medical facilities available in respective districts are given in Table 3.27.

Table 3.27: Available Medical Facilities in and around Study Area

S. No. Medical Facilities Golaghat District Jorhat District Total 1 Private Hospitals 6 17 23 2 Community Health Centre’s 6 8 14 3 Primary Health Centre’s 40 38 78 4 Sub- Centre's 146 144 290 5 Civil Hospital 1 0 1 Total 199 207 406

3.4.10.4 Fire Services

The nearest fire station for ML areas in Golaghat is in Sarupathar Revenue circle in Saru Sewaguri village, Tengahulla GP. The nearest fire station for Borholla ML area is in Ward 08, Titabor town.

3.4.10.5 Connectivity

Nearest State Highway to East Lakhibari ML area are SH 34 and Borholla ML area is SH 32 and SH 33. The nearest National Highway to Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Ext. ML area is NH 39. This is also the Asian Highway 1.

Jamuguri railway station is nearest to East Lakhibari ML area. Sarupathar, Naojan and Chungajan railway stations are nearest to Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Ext. ML area.

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The nearest Bus Station is in Merapani Forest Block, Merapani GP and in Ward 02, Sarupathar Town for ML areas in Golaghat district and Borholla TE, Titabor for Broholla ML area.

3.4.10.6 Environmental Concern

Public Consultations were carried out by ACE team during the study period in Golaghat and Jorhat Districts. During consultation, it was observed that people had concerns with respect to their existing socio-economic conditions like poor connectivity, bad condition of the village roads, and water scarcity in summer etc. With respect to the proposed project, the public had positive perception like better job opportunities as well as infrastructural facilities and had welcomed the project. Photo Plate 3.8 shows the stakeholder consultations at different locations in the study area.

Photo Plate 3.8: Public consultations conducted at different locations in Study Area

3.4.10.7 Corporate Social Responsibility

ONGC is actively engaged in CSR Activities in the surrounding area of the existing activities/installations. The same will be continued for the proposed project also. CSR programme objectives are to proactively manage community expectations and support the district administration for the development of the project area of Golaghat and Jorhat District. CSR projects are focused on improving social capital through our health, education, entrepreneurship, women empowerment and infrastructure support initiatives. These Projects are designed and implemented through and in consultation with local authorities. The details on CSR’s expenditure for the year of 2013-14 and 2014-15 are given in Annexure - V.

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AANNTTIICCIIPPAATTEEDD EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL IIMMPPAACCTTSS AANNDD MMIITTIIGGAATTIIOONN MMEEAASSUURREESS

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL 4 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

4.1 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The potential impacts anticipated during the Development Drilling operations are identified and presented in this Chapter. The impacts on air, noise & vibration, water, soil, biological and socio-economic environment are identified.

The mitigation measures, which are required to negate the adverse impacts, are also discussed in this chapter. After discussing the adverse impacts and its mitigation measures, the positive impacts due to this proposed project are also given at the end. The general Methodology used for Environmental Impact Assessment is presented in Figure 4.1 with consultations incorporated into every phase:

Hazard Identification

Drilling Programme Design Environmental Environment Hazard Impact Interactions Characterisation Assessment

Environmental Environmental Mitigation Description Sensitivities Measures

Figure 4.1: Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment

The Drilling Programme details are described under Chapter 2- Project Description and the Environmental description is depicted in Chapter 3- Environmental Baseline. These two chapters allow identification of hazards and their characterization as well as aid in detection of environmental sensitivities. The following chapter will describe the Environmental interactions, the impacts and their mitigation measures based on the scenario derived from Chapter 2 and Chapter 3.

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF INTERACTIONS

A matrix has been developed for the activities to be carried out for development drilling of 12 wells in Jorhat and Golaghat district against the identified environmental sensitive parameters. This matrix is called as ‘Interaction Matrix’.

The activities carried out during the Drilling Operations are:

 Site preparation and installation of facilities.  Road construction.

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 Drilling operation.  Operation of heavy machineries and DG sets.

The Interaction Matrix is presented in Table 4.1. The Interaction between the Project Activities and the various Environmental Components is shown in this table. At this stage the interactions are not quantified, but only identified for further assessment. The potential adverse impacts are represented by ‘X’ mark in the table and the beneficial impacts are represented by ‘+’ mark.

Table 4.1: Interactions between Project Activities and Environmental Parameters

Project Activities

Environmental

Parameters lation

reparation

Site Site P and instal offacilities Road construction Drilling operation Operation ofheavy machineries andsets DG Physical Parameter Topography X X X X Air X X X X Noise and Vibration X X X X Surface Water X X Ground Water X Soil X X X X Biological Parameter Flora X X X X Fauna X X X X Socio-Economic Parameter Land Use X X X X Tourism Employment + + + + Economy + + Infrastructure + Community Health and Safety X X X X Occupational Health and Safety X X X X

4.3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The Drilling Sites will be located on a plain area. Site-Preparation and Road-Construction activities will be undertaken simultaneously. Pits with Impervious Lining will be constructed for containment of effluent, drill cuttings and drilling mud. After the site preparation, installation of drilling equipments and construction of pits, the Drilling Operation will commence.

Drilling will be confined to a relatively small area and staff movement will be restricted to the fenced premises (Drill Site and Drill Site Accommodation). The potential impacts have been identified for the construction and operations phase. These impacts can be reduced/controlled/prevented by proposed mitigation measures and Good Management Practices (Safety Management, Environment Management and HSE Management).

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4.3.1 Air Environment

The drilling and other operations during development drilling may generate emissions impacting the air environment. Main emission sources include:

 Site clearance and transportation  Emissions from DG sets and use of pumps  Flaring and venting of hydrocarbons  Fugitive emissions

4.3.1.1 Impacts

Temporary and marginal impact to air quality may occur during the construction activities such as clearing of land, road construction and installation of drilling equipments. However, these shall be limited to the site and its immediate environ due to dilution of finer particles and settlement of large particulate matter.

Air quality may also be affected during transportation of materials and other resources during construction and operational phase. However, adoption of suitable measures, good roads and routine maintenance of the vehicles shall minimize the impact of transportation.

Exhaust emissions from operation of construction machinery is likely to contribute to air

pollutant load (primarily PM, NOX, SO2 etc.) in the ambient air near well site facilities. However the impact will be of low significance due to localized nature as well as considering the temporary duration of construction and drilling activities and the necessary mitigation measures that will be adopted by the proponent.

Other, major source of emission may be attributed to the DG Sets used during drilling phase, which is minimal but essential for any well development facility to operate in a safe and reliable manner. However, DG sets will be installed with adequate stack height to ensure wider dispersion and adoption of appropriate fuel such as low sulfur diesel oil for effective combustion. Also, adoption of good engineering and maintenance practice shall minimize the impacts of emission.

Fugitive emissions (mainly consisting of methane and VOC) may also result due to leaks in tubing, valves, connections, flanges, packing’s, pump and compressor seals, gas, conveyance systems, pressure relief valves, tanks or open pits/containments, and loading and unloading operations of hydrocarbons. The drilling operation may leak minimal amounts of gas into the atmosphere, which may affect the air quality. Adoption of good maintenance practices shall minimize the risk of these emissions.

Detailed air quality modeling has been carried out for predicting the concentration of different pollutants contributed during the proposed drilling operation.

4.3.1.2 The Model

Air dispersion modeling for prediction of maximum increment in Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of different air pollutants in the surrounding area due to the emission from DG sets present in proposed drilling during operation stage has been carried out by using the AERMOD View model developed by the US EPA. This model is used extensively to assess pollution concentration and deposition from a wide variety of sources and is also recommended by CPCB. The model is based on Gaussian Plume Air Dispersion. It is a steady

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state plume model in stable boundary layer and the concentration distribution is assumed to be Gaussian in vertical and horizontal direction. Given source characteristics, emissions, meteorology and averaging time, the model predicts GLCs of various pollutants.

4.3.1.3 Model Input

Stack and Emission Characteristics:

The major source of emission during developmental drilling is from the DG sets (1430 KVA). The stack emissions from the proposed drilling wells would be constituted of mainly

particulate matters (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Hydrocarbons (HC). The stack and emission characteristics pertaining to the DG sets present in the proposed drilling wells are reported in Table 4.2. The modeling has been carried out as per the guidelines of the CPCB. The 24-hourly maximum GLCs have been computed for comparison with the standards.

Table 4.2: Stack & Emission Characteristics

Emission Rate Gas Release Stack Gas Exit S. (g/s) Exit Stack Details Height Dia. Velocity No. Temp (m) PM SO NOx HC (m) (m/s) 10 2 (K) DG Sets 1. (4 x 1430 7.7 0.008 0.0025 0.001 0.036 973 0.1 20 kVA)

Meteorological Parameters: On-site hourly meteorological data monitored during October to December 2015 and gathered from secondary sources in respect of temperature, wind speed, wind direction, humidity and cloud cover has been used as input for air dispersion modeling. Hourly mixing heights used for modeling have been calculated and taken from the AERMOD View model itself.

4.3.1.4 Modeling Procedure

The modeling has been carried out as per the guidelines of the CPCB. Particulate Matter

(PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Hydrocarbon (HC) have been considered for modeling. Modeling has been conducted for one season. Square pattern of receptor locations have been considered. The modeling area considered includes the ML area plus one km buffer to the ML area. Khoraghat, Khoraghat extension and Nambar share boundaries and hence have been modeled together. East Lakhibari and Borholla ML areas have been modeled separately. The 24-hourly maximum GLCs have been computed for comparison with the standards.

4.3.1.5 Modeling Results

The predicted 24-hourly maximum incremental GLCs along with isopleths plot of

concentration for PM10, SO2, NOx and HC in the study area are reported below in Table 4.3 and Figure 4.2 – 4.5.

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Table 4.3: Predicted 24-hourly Maximum GLCs for air pollutants

Maximum Incremental Concentration Concentration Resultant NAAQS ML area Pollutant Recorded due to Concentration standards During the Study Drilling (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 100 PM10 64.4 2.397 66.797 80 Nambar and SO2 6.78 0.749 7.529 Khoraghat 80 NOX 16.53 0.30 16.83 HC 2.17 4.072 6.242 - 100 PM10 62.2 16.286 78.486 80 SO2 5.95 5.089 11.039 East Lakhibari 80 NOX 13.81 2.036 15.846 HC 2.67 1.902 4.572 - 100 PM10 43.5 7.421 50.921 80 SO2 4.34 2.319 6.659 Borholla 80 NOX 11.46 0.928 12.388 HC 1.41 3.909 5.319 -

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1) PM10 Isopleths for East Lakhibari ML Area

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2) Maximum PM10 Concentration Isopleth for East Lakhibari

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3) PM10 Isopleths for Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML Area

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4) Maximum PM10 Concentration Isopleth for Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML Area

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5) PM10 Isopleths for Borholla ML Area

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6) Maximum PM10 Concentration Isopleth for Borholla ML Area

3 Figure 4.2: Isopleths Plot of Concentration for PM10 (µg/m ) at Different ML Blocks Location

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1) SO2 Isopleths for East Lakhibari ML Area

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2) Maximum SO2 Concentration Isopleth for East Lakhibari

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3) SO2 Isopleths for Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML Area

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4) Maximum SO2 Concentration Isopleth for Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML Area

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5) SO2 Isopleths for Borholla ML Area

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6) Maximum SO2 Concentration Isopleth for Borholla ML Area

3 Figure 4.3: Isopleths Plot of Concentration for SO2 (µg/m ) at Different ML Blocks Location

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1) NOX Isopleths for East Lakhibari ML Area

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2) Maximum NOX Concentration Isopleth for East Lakhibari

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3) NOX Isopleths for Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML Area

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4) Maximum NOX Concentration Isopleth for Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML Area

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5) NOX Isopleths for Borholla ML Area

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6) Maximum NOX Concentration Isopleth for Borholla ML Area

3 Figure 4.4: Isopleths Plot of Concentration for NOX (µg/m ) at Different ML Blocks Location

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1) HC Isopleths for East Lakhibari ML Area

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2) Maximum HC Concentration Isopleth for East Lakhibari

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3) HC Isopleths for Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML Area

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4) Maximum HC Concentration Isopleth for Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML Area

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5) HC Isopleths for Borholla ML Area

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6) Maximum HC Concentration Isopleth for Borholla ML Area

Figure 4.5: Isopleths Plot of Concentration for HC (µg/m3) at Different ML Blocks Location

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4.3.1.6 Discussion on Modeling Results

The predicted 24-hourly maximum incremental GLC for PM10 is found to be highest (about 3 78.486 g/m ) in East Lakhibari ML area. The GLC for SO2 is also found to be highest in this area (about 11.039 g/m3). This may be due to the difference in elevation in the surrounding areas, not allowing the pollutants to disperse spatially.

The GLC for NOx and HC are higher in the Nambar, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML area. This may be due to concentration of the pollutants at the base of the sudden elevated area, where the maximum concentrations are found. The elevations may restrict the flow of pollutants further. Also the maximum concentrations are found in area with no settlements.

Referring to the background (monitored) ambient air quality, the mean baseline level when added to the corresponding maximum predicted incremental GLC, the resultant levels of

PM10, SO2, NOx and HC at different receptor locations are found to be well within their permissible standard limits pertaining to industrial, residential and rural areas.

4.3.1.7 Mitigation measures

The mitigation measures to control the impacts of air pollution are given below:

 Water spraying will be done on the access roads to control re-entrained dust during dry season.

 Regular maintenance and servicing of heavy machineries and DG sets to avoid generation of air pollutants due to un-optimal working condition of the machineries and DG sets will be carried out. The stack height of the DG will be maintained as per the CPCB standards.

 Mandate only PUC certified vehicles. Ensure vehicles used for transportation of loose construction materials are covered and not overloaded over the free board limit

 Plan in advance to ensure efficient operations.

 Conduct regular monitoring of fuel consumption.

 Use diesel with low Sulphur content.

 Mandate wearing of dust masks for all workers working in and around dust generating area

 Only minimum volume of hydrocarbons required for the test should be flowed and well test durations should be reduced to the extent practical. An efficient test flare burner head equipped with an appropriate combustion enhancement system should be selected to minimize incomplete combustion, black smoke, and hydrocarbon fallout. Volumes of hydrocarbons flared should be recorded.

4.3.2 Noise and Vibrations

Noise will be generated during the construction and operational phase due to drilling, rotating equipments, pumping, diesel generator sets, flaring, transportation etc.

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4.3.2.1 Impacts

The noise related disturbance is likely to be experienced by communities residing in proximity of the construction site and along material transportation routes. Noise impacts are estimated by use of baseline noise assessments for developments close to local human populations. For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogeneous loss free medium, the noise levels at various locations from different sources can be estimated by using the relation:

Lp2 = Lp1 20 log (r2/rl) – Ae1,2

Where Lp1 and Lp2 are sound levels at two points located at distances r1 and r2 from the

source. Ae1, 2 is the excess attenuation due to environmental conditions. Combined effect of all the sources then can be determined at various locations by using the principle of logarithmic addition:

(Lp1/10) (Lp2/10) (Lp3/10) ……… Lptotal = 10 log (10 + 10 + 10 + )

The noise generated due to the diesel engines operating the rig along draw works on rig floor is considered to be the most significant of the noise generating sources in the drilling operation. Generally, the noise sources in a drilling well are scattered within an area of about 140 m x 140 m. Thus the noise pollution can be considered as negligible for the nearest human habitation. The existing forests patches are already degraded and influenced by the present operational activities in the existing production field. Hence, the wild fauna present in the surrounding forest patches accustomed to avoid the activity area. Moreover, these forest patches are not the part of any wild life sanctuary/ national park, so it is envisaged no significant wild life habitation is existing nearby. Therefore, no major impact due to the noise generation from the proposed drilling activities is envisaged on the project area.

The noise propagation modeling performed for noise generation due to operation of the diesel engines shows the following exposure levels (Table 4.4) in terms of the occupational and human settlement exposure levels.

Table 0.4: Occupational and Human Exposure Levels

Type of exposure Predicted exposure level dB( A) Occupational exposure

Leq (8 h) at drilling platform (draw works) 104 (at source level) L (8 h) at the site boundary (about 40 m eq 64 from drilling platform) Human settlement exposure 54 (day) L (24 h) at villages 0.5 km or more away eq 47 (night)

The background noise level in the rural/ residential areas has been observed in the range of 41.5 - 67.8 dB (A) during daytime and 30.0 – 59.8 dB (A) during nighttime.

The damage risk criteria for hearing, as enforced by OHSA, USA, stipulate that noise levels up to 90 dB (A) are acceptable for 8-hour exposure per day.

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4.3.2.2 Mitigation measures

The mitigation measures for the aforementioned potential impacts are listed below:

 The DG sets should be kept in acoustic enclosures.

 The machineries and DG sets have to be serviced and maintained regularly to avoid generation of unwanted noise and vibration.

 The workers working in noisy environment will compulsorily wear ear muffs to protect themselves from the impacts of high noise level.

 The workers handling vibrating equipments will compulsorily wear viscoelastic anti- vibration gloves.

 Field-related vehicle traffic should be reduced as far as possible and access through local communities should be avoided when not necessary.

4.3.3 Water Environment

Water is required for the construction, operation and maintenance of the development well. All these activities generate wastewater including drilling waste water, gray and black water from showers, toilets and kitchen facilities etc.

4.3.3.1 Impacts

About 25 kLD of water will be consumed during the drilling period per well. Wastewater generate from the drilling activity is about 15-17 m3/day per well.

Around 3.4 kLD (80% of domestic water requirement, i.e. 04 kLD) is anticipated quantity of sewage generation from each well. Runoff water from the drilling area might consist of dissolved inorganic or organic compounds. Approximately 0.22 m3 per person/day and 0.11 m3 per person/day of grey water and black water respectively will be generated during the project activity. Hazardous waste such as waste lube/system oil approximately 0.15 kL/well from machinery, used oil from generator sets are likely to be generated. Approximately 225 m3 Drill Cuttings will be generated during drilling phase of wells.

An environment-friendly Water-Based Mud (WBM) system will be used for drilling of the proposed wells. It may be noted that a typical WBM may contain nearly 80% water and 20% Clay as well as Chemicals by weight. Thus this will have minimum impact on the water environment.

The casing used in the development drilling prevents natural gas, oil, associated water from leaking out into the surrounding freshwater aquifer. Thus a properly designed casing will prevent impact on the surrounding water bodies.

Discharge of untreated sewage or effluent from drilling operation or run off, onto the land or surface water body might contaminate the ground and surface water. This can in turn have secondary impact on the flora, fauna and biodiversity of that area.

Surface runoff over drilling waste, chemical and fuel storage areas during rainfall may get contaminated and impact the water quality.

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4.3.3.2 Mitigation measures

Suitable and viable mitigation measures for the anticipated potential impacts on water environment are presented below:

 Install cuttings and fluid cleaning/treatment equipment to ensure optimal cleaning of cuttings in order to reduce the amount of fluid that will be discharged with the cuttings.

 Oily sludge will be collected and disposed by bio-remediation.

 Hazardous wastes such as waste lube/system oil will be collected and sold to authorized recycler.

 Put in place management procedures to ensure optimal performance of the cuttings cleaning equipment and proper housekeeping of shale shaker screen.

 Well Casing will be done to protect ground water and shallow aquifers from contamination.

 Maintain a continuous drill fluid mass balance throughout the drilling program.

 Optimize drilling well size to minimize the amount of rock to be drilled.

 Drilling site constructed with garland system with Oil & Gas separator pit at one corner of the site (having location above high flood level).

 Proper treatment of the all wastewater produced will be carried out through Mobile Effluent Treatment Plant to ensure compliance with criteria set by regulatory bodies.

4.3.4 Land Environment

Land is required for drilling pads, temporary storage facilities, drilling site accommodation, construction of waste pits, access roads, equipment staging area, storage of construction materials, transmission facilities etc. During all these construction and operation phases land environment gets continuously impacted. Nearly 140x140 m of land will be required for each drilling location.

4.3.4.1 Impacts

The following impacts are anticipated on the land environment due to the proposed drilling operation:

 Site clearance/preparation will result in removal/change of top soil.

 Change in Land Use pattern will occur due to the construction activities.

 Indiscriminate discharge of sewage/solid waste from the drilling activity will contaminate the land

 Accidental spillage from Storage of chemicals and fuels on unlined areas/unprotected areas can cause land contamination.

 Usage of heavy machineries and construction activities will lead to soil compaction

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 Improper decommissioning/ abandonment will lead to loss of aesthetics, deterioration in soil quality and accidental hazards.

4.3.4.2 Mitigation measures

The following mitigation measures will aid in reduction of impacts on land:

 The top soil removed during site clearance will be stored and preserved in a manner to maintain its fertility and later used for restoration purpose.

 Proper sanitation facilities and bins will be provided at the drilling location for collection of sewage/solid waste.

 The Sewage/Solid Wastes will be treated and disposed or sold to Authorized Recyclers as per the Notification of MoEF (G.S.R.546 (E) dated 30th August 2005).  Ensuring proper storage of drill cutting and chemicals to prevent any potential contamination from spillage.

 Ensure well-designed storage facility with regular inventory checking for fuels, lubricants and chemicals to prevent any potential contamination from spillage.

 Restrict the Movement of Vehicles and Heavy Machinery to the paved area only.

 Efforts to restore the drilling area back to its original condition should be made to the extent possible during the decommissioning period.

4.3.5 Biological Environment

The three landuse maps conclude that majority of the area in the blocks of Nambar, Khoraghat, Khoraghat Extension, and East Lakhibari includes open land and vegetation cover. There is no open land in Borholla district and vegetation cover is high in this area. Agriculture is also practiced in these areas, especially in Borholla and East Lakhibari ML areas. No eco-sensitive or wild life sanctuary within the blocks area. No endangered species were found within the study area. Common flora and wild fauna were observed in the study area.

Impact on local flora and fauna may occur due to changes in habitat or habitat destruction due to land clearance and preparation activities for proposed drilling site. However, this activity shall be restricted to the limited land area and therefore the impact shall be local and minimal. Emission of particulate matter during drilling activities is also likely to have impact on flora and fauna. However, these impacts have been envisaged to be low as the drilling phase is a temporary phase. To further reduce the impact of suspended particulate matter, the land shall be sprayed with water during drilling activities. Impact on biological environment due to emissions from movement of vehicles (transportation of construction materials), operation of generators and other process have been envisaged to be negligible as suitable mitigation measures (such as routine maintenance etc) shall be adopted to minimize the impacts from these sources.

Noise generated from operation of equipments, machinery, generators and vehicles during drilling have been envisaged to be negligible as the activity is for short duration of time and suitable measures shall be adopted (such as use of noise attenuation devices) during drilling and operation phase. Significant impacts on flora and fauna may occur due to dumping of

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solid waste and wastewater discharges from drilling activities. However, these impacts shall be minimized by adoption of waste management plan, wherein solid waste and wastewater generated shall be subjected to appropriate treatment prior to their final disposal (such as mobile effluent treatment plant).

4.3.6 Socio-Economic Environment

4.3.6.1 Impacts

The drilling activities are likely to have many beneficial outcomes and few impacts on the existing socio-economic profile of the area:

 The proposed activities will generate temporary employment opportunities to the local people for road construction, site preparation, supply and transport of raw materials and equipment, auxiliary and ancillary works, etc.

 Construction of new roads and upgradation of existing roads to facilitate the movement of the heavy equipments and vehicles would lead to improvement in transport facilities in the area.

 There will not be major influx of people, as only 25 – 30 people will be employed per well per shift with two shifts in a day. Hence, the impact due to influx of people will be insignificant.

 The activities would also result in enhancement of local skill levels through exposure to drilling activities and technology and will help in capacity building for future employment opportunities.

 There can be occupational hazards such as personal injuries, accidents during installation and operation of drilling rigs. However, block operator will follow stringent health, safety and environment practices as per Mines Act, 1952 and OISD guideline for all its operations, which are to be followed by all employees, consultants and contractors working for this development project.

 Community health and safety may get impacted due to various pollution generating activities of the proposed project. However, the proponent will ensure compliance to all the applicable laws, rules, regulations, acts and standards to have minimum pollution footprint. Also, development drilling being a temporary activity, this impact will be of temporary nature and of low significance.

4.3.6.2 Mitigation measures

The following mitigation measures are proposed for augmenting the socio-economic benefits:

 ONGC will implement Waste Management Plan and undertake water quality monitoring before, during and after the operations.

 ONGC is already undertaking Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities in the form of monetary help for education, infrastructural development, sports, culture and orphanages, preferably to girl children, destitute women and senior citizens in the vicinity of operational area. The same will be followed for the proposed project as well.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

ENVIRONMENTAL 5 MONITORING PROGRAM

5.1 INTRODUCTION

An environmental monitoring plan provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. An environmental monitoring program is important as it provides useful information and helps to:

 Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures;  Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and environmental monitors and provides means of effectively communicating environmental issues among them;  Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters;  Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in management plan, if required;  Identify training requirement at various levels.

An environmental monitoring program is suggested to monitor environmental parameters during survey, drilling and Post Drilling Phase of the project. The monitoring plan is given in Table 5.1, Table 5.2 and Table 5.3 below. This environment monitoring plan is designed for ten years.

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Table 5.1: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol – Pre Drilling Phase

Monitoring and Reporting Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism Frequency

Ambient Air Quality At Drilling Site Monitoring NOX, SO2, PM10 VOCs and HC Once prior to drilling Surface water Quality Water bodies within the pH, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, BOD, COD, Once prior to drilling (if available) radius of 1 km from the O&G, heavy metals (Zinc, lead, iron, nickel, cadmium and Drilling Site chromium) Noise Levels At Drilling Site For Background Noise Levels (using Noise meters) Once prior to drilling Physical Infrastructure At Drilling Site 1. Lining of effluent pits with 300 GSM HDPE sheets. During site preparation. 2. Oil & Grease traps on outlets; storm water runoff points. 3. Separate run off routes for non-contaminated and contaminated run off. Treatment facilities for the contaminated run off. 4. Septic tank & soak pits of adequate size and presence of bunds around the pit. 5. Chemical storage should be covered. Clearance of Trees (if At Drilling Site and Inventory of trees likely to be cut and number of trees to be planted During site preparation. existing) supporting infrastructure as part of Compensatory Tree Plantation Program. locations

Table 5.2: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol – During Drilling Phase

Monitoring and Reporting Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism Frequency Natural Resource At Drilling Site 1. Quantity of each type of material used including Daily during drilling phase water consumption 2. Quantity of fuel used for power

Ambient Air Quality At Drilling Site Monitoring NOX, SO2, PM10 VOCs and HC Once in a six month Surface Water Quality Water bodies within the pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, O&G, heavy metals Once in a season (if available) radius of 1 km of (Zinc, lead, iron, nickel, cadmium and chromium)

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Monitoring and Reporting Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism Frequency Drilling Site that will be utilized for consumption and disposal. Noise & Vibration At Drilling Site, near DG 1. Noise level monitoring Once in a month sets and drilling pumps. 2. Maintenance of machineries 3. No unnecessary operation of machinery when not required 4. Use of ear plug by workforce 5. Presence of sound barriers or acoustic enclosure around DG sets. Drilling wastes At Drilling Site 1. Drill cuttings wash water: its quantification, Quantity of wastes to be characteristics (TSS, TDS, organic compounds, recorded on daily basis. heavy metals, oil & grease), its treatment and safe Characterization of the waste to disposal. be done every month. 2. Spent drilling fluid: its treatment and reuse. 3. Maintenance of effluent pits, drill cutting storage pit and waste mud pit. Wastewater At Drilling Site Waste water generation rate. Quantity to be recorded every Generation day. Oil wastes At Drilling Site Spent oil from engines. A logbook should be maintained daily during drilling phase. If no spent oil is produced, the same should be noted in the logbook. Oil Spills At Drilling Site Facilities oil spill contingency plan should be in During drilling phase place.

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Table 5.3: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Protocol – Post Drilling

Monitoring and Reporting Receptor Location Monitoring Mechanism Frequency Drilling waste At Drilling Site Quantification of drill cuttings and safe disposal as per norms. At the end of the drilling operation. Land At Drilling Site Restoration and rehabilitation through: At the end of the drilling 1. Well head should be removed and well mouth to be capped if operation. HC is not discovered commercially. 2. Removal of all wastes such as used chemical bags, cotton, jute, rags, papers etc. as per restoration policy in case no commercial discovery. 3. Treatment and disposal of waste products, solids and liquid in accordance with regulatory requirements 4. Removal of fencing & gates. 5. Backfilling and closing of all on site disposal pits as per legal requirements. Surface Water At Drilling Site pH, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, BOD, At the same location where pre Quality (if available) within radius of COD, O&G, heavy metals (Zinc, lead, iron, nickel, cadmium and during drilling phase 1 km. and chromium) monitoring was done. Once after the closing of drilled well. Compensatory tree Tree plantation Survival rate of tree saplings. Once in a year for three years. plantation (If tree locations cutting is involved during drilling phase)

The post operational monitoring programme will be carried out under the supervision of ONGC.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

6 6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

6.1 INTRODUCTION

As discussed in earlier chapters, ONGC proposes to conduct Development Drilling in Nambar, Khoraghat, Khoraghat Extension and East Lakhibari ML areas in Golaghat district and Borholla ML area in Jorhat district of Assam State. This chapter elucidates the Risk Assessment (RA), Disaster Management Plan (DMP) and Emergency Response Plan (ERP) for the proposed development wells.

6.2 RISK ASSESSMENT

„Risk Assessment (RA)‟ also known as „Hazard Analysis‟ and „Vulnerability Assessment‟ is a procedure for identifying hazards and determining their possible effects on a community and environment. Risk or hazard by itself is not an event - it is the potential for an event.

Drilling rig floor is the centre stage of all the drilling operations and it is most susceptible to accidents. Safety precaution with utmost care is required to be taken during drilling as per the prevailing regulations and practices so that accidents can be avoided. Due to advancement in technology, number of equipments has been developed over a period to cater the need of smooth operation on a rig floor. Various standards are required to be referred to cover the variety of equipments used for safe operation in drilling and it is desirable to use a properly prepared manual for occupational safety while working or drilling over a rig. It may, however, be noted that well testing and production testing of hydrocarbons also require proper analysis of hazards involved in production testing operations and preparation of an appropriate Emergency Control Plan.

Hydrocarbon Operations are generally hazardous in nature by virtue of intrinsic chemical properties of hydrocarbons or their temperature or pressure of operation or a combination of them. Fire, Explosion, Hazardous Release or a combination of these are the hazard associated with Hydrocarbon Operations.

Risk Screening

Some of the hazards associated with the drilling are:

 Fires and Explosions: o Non-Process Hydrocarbon Leak (Diesel, Fuel, Oil etc.); o Non-Process Fire; o Control system failure including electrical failure in control room.  Impact and Collisions: o Accidental Falling of Object from Crown Block.  Loss of Station Keeping / Loss of Stability: o Structural Failure; o Equipment Failure.

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 External Hazards: o Failure due to Earthquake, Extreme Weather, Strong Winds, Floods and Sabotage etc.

The primary emphasis in Safety Engineering is to reduce Risk to Human Life and Environment. Some of the more important methods used to achieve this are:

 Risk Analysis: Provides a relative measure of the likelihood and severity of various possible hazardous events by critically examining the proposed drilling and associated activities.  Work Safety Analysis: The technique discerns whether the project site and operating procedures in practice have any inherent infirmities.  Safety Audit: Takes a careful look at operating conditions, work practices and work environments to detect unsafe conditions

Together, these three broad tools attempt to minimize the chances of accidents occurring. Yet, there always exists, no matter how remote, that Small Probability of a Major Accident occurring. If the accident involves hydrocarbon in sufficient large quantities, the consequences may be serious to the project, to surrounding area and the population therein.

These have resulted in the development of more comprehensive, systematic and sophisticated methods of Safety Engineering such as Identification and Analysis of Hazards and Risk Assessment to improve upon the Integrity, Reliability and Safety of Hydrocarbon Operations.

6.2.1 Methodology

The RA studies are based on Quantitative Risk Assessment Analysis (QRA). QRA aims to provide a systematic analysis of the major risks that may arise as a result of onshore drilling activities. Normally a three „levels‟ risk assessment approach is adopted for the industrial activities. The brief outline of the three tier approach is given below:

A) Level 1 – Risk Screening

This is Top-Down Review of Worst- Case Potential Hazards/Risks, aimed primarily at identifying drilling sites or areas within Blocks, which pose the Highest Risk. Various screening factors considered, include:

 Inventory of Hazardous Materials;  Hazardous Material Properties;  Storage Conditions (e.g. Temperature and pressure);  Location Sensitivity (Distance to Residential Areas / Populace).

The Data/Information is obtained from Site. The results provide a relative indication of the extent of hazards and Potential for Risk Exposure.

B) Level 2 – Major Risk Survey (Semi - Quantitative)

The survey approach combines the Site Inspection with established Risk Assessment Techniques applied both Qualitative as well Quantitative Mode. The primary objective is to identify and select Major Risks at a specific location in the drilling site considering possible soft spots / weak links during construction/operation/maintenance. Aspects covered in the risk usually include:

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 Process Hazards;  Process Safety Management Systems;  Fire Protection and Emergency Response Equipments and Programs;  Security Vulnerability;  Impact of Hazards Consequences (Equipment Damage, Business Interruption, Injury, Fatalities);  Qualitative Risk Identification of Scenarios Involving Hazardous Materials.

Risk Reduction Measures

Selection of critical scenarios and their potential of damage provide means of prioritizing mitigation measures and allocation of resources to the areas with Highest Risks.

C) Level 3 – Quantitative Risk Assessment (Deterministic)

This is the stage of assessment of risks, associated with all Credible Hazards (scenarios) with potential to cause an undesirable outcome such as Human Injury, Fatality or Destruction of Property. The four basic elements include:

 Hazards Identification utilizing formal approach (Level 2, HAZOP etc.);  Frequency Analysis: Based on past Safety Data (incidents / accidents), identifying likely pathway of failures and quantifying the toxic / inflammable material release;  Hazards Analysis to quantify the consequences of various hazards scenarios (Fire,

Explosion [due to release of NG], Toxic Vapour Release [due to release of H2S] etc.). Establish minimum value for damage (e.g. IDLH, Over Pressure, Radiation Flux) to assess the Impact on Environment.  Risk Quantification: Quantitative techniques are used considering effect / impact due to weather data, population data, and frequency of occurrences and likelihood of Ignition / Toxic release. Data are analyzed considering likely Damage (in terms of Injury / Fatality, Property Damage) each scenario is likely to cause.

QRA provides a means to determine the relative significance of each undesired event, allowing analyst and the team to focus on their Risk Reduction Efforts, which will be most beneficial.

6.2.2 Identification of Hazards in Drilling and Production Testing Operations

Various hazards associated with onshore hydrocarbon drilling and testing operations are briefly described in following sub-sections.

6.2.2.1 Minor Oil Spill

There exists a possibility of Hydrocarbon (gases / oil) getting released due to some unavoidable incidents during the Drill Stem Testing. Spillage may occur from lines, valves and separator or due to tank failure. Once the flow of Oil / Gas from well is stopped, then on- site access for clean-up is possible.

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6.2.2.2 Major Oil Spill

A major spill can arise as a result of an uncontrolled flow from a well i.e. Blowout. Provided that ignition does not take place and the well head is not obstructed the well can be shut in at the wellhead.

6.2.2.3 Blowout

Blowout means uncontrolled violent escape of hydrocarbon fluids from a well. Blowout followed by ignition prevents access to the wellhead and is categorized as a major hazard. Contributors to blowout are:

Primary

 Failure to keep the hole full;  Mud weight too low;  Swabbing during trips;  Lost circulation; and  Failure of differential fill-up equipment.

Secondary

 Failure to detect and control a kick as quickly as possible;  Mechanical failure of BOP;  Failure to test BOP equipment properly;  Damage to or failure of wellhead equipment;  Failure of casing; and  Failure of formation or bond of cementing around casing.

If the hydrostatic head exerted by the column of drilling fluid is allowed to drop below the formation pressure, then formation fluids will enter the wellbore (this is known as a kick) and can lead to a potential blowout situation. Fast and efficient action by operating personnel in recognizing the above situations and taking precautionary measure can avert a blowout.

6.2.2.4 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)

Hydrogen sulphide gas (H2S) is extremely toxic, even very low concentrations can be lethal,

depending upon the duration of exposure. Without any warning, H2S may render victims unconscious and death can follow shortly afterwards.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA Regulations) set a 20 ppm ceiling limit and a Peak exposure of 50 ppm for 10 minutes exposure. It has also set a TWA limit of 10 ppm for an eight hourly continuous exposure and 15 ppm STEL limit for 15 minutes (OSHA, 1989).

Important characteristics of H2S gas are given as below:

 H2S is a colourless gas heavier than air and may accumulate in low lying areas  It is toxic even in low concentrations  It has an odour of rotten eggs and may cause loss of sense to smell.

 It occurs together with natural gas in all oil provinces of the world. In characteristic H2S gas areas concentration above 42% in natural gas have been reported.

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 The compressibility factor (Z) is higher than that for natural gas and H2S will thus expand at rather lower pressures; or further up in the bore hole than natural gas.  It burns with a blue flame to sulphur dioxide and may form an explosive mixture with air at concentrations from 4% to 46%.  The safe concentration for a normal working period without protection is 10 ppm (as per the TWA limit set by OSHA).  It attacks the body through the respiratory organs. The best protection is breathing apparatus, with mask covering the whole face and a bottle containing breathing air.  It dissolves in the blood and attacks through the nervous system.  It is very irritating for the eyes as it forms sulphurous acid together with water.  Coughing, eye burning and pain, throat irritation, and sleepiness are observed from

exposure to low concentrations of H2S.

 Exposure to high concentrations of H2S produces systems such as panting, pallor, cramps, paralysis of the pupil and loss of speech. This is generally followed by immediate loss of consciousness. Death may occur quickly from respiratory and cardiac paralysis. Short exposure of high tensile steel to as little as 1 ppm in aqueous solution can cause failures. Concentrations greater than 15 ppm can cause failure to steel harder than Rockwell C-22. High stress levels and corrosive environments accelerate failures.

When pH is above 9 and solubility is relatively high, it is readily soluble in mud and

especially in oil mud‟s. A 35% hydrogen peroxide solution will neutralize H2S gas in the mud

or 20 gallons of H2O2 per 100 barrels of mud. The effect of H2S concentration on Living Being/Human Being & Animal is given in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1: Symptoms of H2S as per Concentrations

Concentrations Symptoms/ Effects 100 ppm Coughing, eye irritation, loss of smell after 2-15 minutes (olfactory fatigue). Altered breathing, drowsiness after 15-30 minutes. Throat irritation after 1 hour. Gradual increase in severity of symptoms over several hours. Death may occur after 48 hours. Greater than 100 ppm Loss of smell (olfactory fatigue or paralysis). 500-700 ppm Staggering, collapse in 5 minutes. Serious damage to the eyes in 30 minutes. Death after 30-60 minutes. 700-1000 ppm Rapid unconsciousness, "knockdown" or immediate collapse within 1 to 2 breaths, breathing stops, death within minutes. 1000-2000 ppm Nearly Instant Death

6.2.2.5 Natural Disaster and Hazards

The proposed drilling locations are falls in very severe intensity seismic zone. It is highly vulnerable to high intensity earthquakes. Dozens of earthquakes are recorded in this region every year. Extreme weather, strong wind and other natural hazards will also pose risk to proposed drilling operations.

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6.2.3 Development Drilling in ML Area of Golaghat and Jorhat Districts

The blocks are located in the Borholla ML area of Jorhat district having an area of 32.116 sq. km. and Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML areas of Golaghat district covering an area of 120.5 sq. km. The geo-graphical co-ordinates of the ML blocks are given in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2: Co-ordinates of ML Areas

Block/ Boundary Latitude Longitude ML areas Points Degree Minutes Seconds Degree Minutes Seconds A 26 29 27.29 94 12 59.72 F 26 23 4.56 94 10 50.52

Borholla L 26 22 31.85 94 8 3.01 ML K 26 23 51.99 94 8 3.01 M 26 24 8.35 94 9 45.48 N 26 27 49.15 94 9 12.51 N1 26 5 47.57 93 53 12.37 N2 26 4 46.23 93 56 7.45 N3 26 4 9.43 93 55 19.34 Nambar N4 26 3 25.27 93 56 3.89 N5 26 2 31.29 93 55 37.16 N6 26 2 37.43 93 52 5.45 1A 26 22 50.45 94 2 55.5 2B 26 22 5.45 94 4 25.5 3C 26 21 4.09 94 3 31.5 East 4D 26 22 7.2 94 0 54 lakhibari 1A 26 22 50.45 94 2 55.5 1A 26 22 50.45 94 2 55.5 2B 26 22 5.45 94 4 25.5 1A 26 4 9.43 93 55 19.34 2B 26 4 46.23 93 56 7.45 Khoraghat 3C 26 4 5.34 93 56 52.89 4D 26 3 25.27 93 56 3.89 1A 26 4 9.43 93 55 19.34 1A 26 5 47.57 93 53 12.37

Khoraghat 2B 26 9 23.07 93 56 6.58 Ext. 3C 26 9 12.44 93 59 55.55 4D 26 2 25.57 93 58 17.54

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Block/ Boundary Latitude Longitude ML areas Points Degree Minutes Seconds Degree Minutes Seconds 5E 26 2 31.29 93 55 37.36 6F 26 3 25.27 93 56 3.89 7G 26 4 5.34 93 56 52.89 8H 26 4 46.23 93 56 7.45 1A 26 5 47.57 93 53 12.37

The fuel for the drilling rigs, DG sets, other machineries and vehicles will be Diesel (HSD with low sulphur < 0.05%). Daily fuel requirement for diesel sets will be 6 klpd. The HSD will be stored in storage tanks (2 nos.) of 40 kl capacity. The exhaust stacks of the DG sets are likely to vent the emissions. The Bulk Hazardous Chemical Storage Facility at Drilling Site (Tentative) is given in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3: Bulk Hazardous Chemical Storage facility at Drilling site (Tentative)

Compound Stored Quantity 40 kl HSD (low Sulphur) (2 nos. of Storage Tanks)

6.2.4 QRA Approach

Identification of hazards and likely scenarios (based on Level-1 and Level-2 activities) call for detailed analysis of each scenario for assessment of Damage Potential, Impact Area (may vary with Weather Conditions / Wind Direction) and Safety System in place. Subsequently each incident is classified according to Relative Risk Classification provided in Table 6.4 below.

Table 6.4: Risk Classification

Probability Description

High A failure which could reasonably be expected to occur within the (> 1/100) expected life time of the plant. Examples of high failure likelihood are process leaks or single instrument or valve failures or a human error which could result in releases of hazardous materials.

Moderate A failure or sequence of failures which has a low probability of (1/100 occurrence within the expected lifetime of the plant. to Examples of moderate likelihood are dual instrument or valve failures, combination of instrument failures and human errors, or single failures of 1/1000) small process lines or fittings.

Low A failure or series of failures which have a very low probability of (<1/1000) occurrence within the expected lifetime of plant. Examples of „low‟ likelihood are multiple instruments or valve failures or Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 6-7

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Probability Description multiple human errors, or single spontaneous failures of tanks

Nature Description

Minor Impact limited to the local area of the event with potent for Incidents „knock – on- events‟

Serious One that could cause: Incident  Any serious injury or fatality on/off site;  Property damage of $ 1 million offsite or $ 5 million onsite. Extensive One that is five or more times worse than a serious incident. Incident

6.2.4.1 Damage due to Explosion

The explosion of oil or gas (either a deflagration or detonation) results in a reaction front moving outwards from the ignition source preceded by a shock wave or pressure front. After the combustible material is consumed the reaction front terminates but the pressure wave continues its outward movement. In oil development the likely chances of explosion (due to blow out and consequential release of NG) are very less. Blast damage is based on the determination of the peak overpressure resulting from the pressure wave impacting on the object or structure. Damage estimates based on overpressure are given in Table 6.5 below.

Table 6.5: Damage due to over pressure

Sl. Overpressure Damage No. (bar) 1. 0.04 Loud Noise / sonic boom glass failure 2. 0.15 Typical pressure for glass failure 3. 0.5 - 1 Large and small windows usually shattered 4. 0.7 Minor damage to house structure 5. 1 Partial demolition of houses, made uninhabitable. 6. 2.3 Lower limit of serious structure damage 7. 5 – 7 Nearly complete destruction of houses 8. 9 Loaded train box wagons completely demolished 9. 10 Probable total destruction of houses 10. 200 Limits of crater lip

6.2.4.2 Thermal Incidents/ Fire in Storage Area

The diesel storage on the drilling site is limited to 40 kl of storage tanks (2 nos). Any fire in the tank area if not controlled in time (less chances/ unlikely) may soon spread in the drilling site. During blow out some Natural Gas coming out with some oil can also catch fire. However its thermal radiation impact (1st degree burn) will be limited (as the fuels are stored in remote place). Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 6-8

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Minor spill can occur as various scenarios and may also catch fire. If fire is not controlled these can lead to domino effect as major scenarios. During the drilling crude oil, some well water may come out which can be treated and disposed off or pushed back in the non- producing well. The likely impact due to major scenario considered as given below in Table 6.6.

Table 6.6: Possible Major Scenarios

S. No. Scenario Impact Zone Remarks 1. HSD Tank failure, spillage & Fire ~ 8.5 From edge of (~ 5 m Pool fire) pool

The impact due to the above scenarios will be within the rig area. It may have some impact on the nearby vegetation but will not have any impact on local population.

6.2.5 Mitigation Measures

6.2.5.1 Control Measures for Major Hazards

Out of different hazards described in sections 6.2, occurrence of (a) Blowout and (b) Emission

of Sour Gas (H2S) are the two major hazards and (c) HSD spillage/ fire. The first two possible incidents can have built in alarm and preventive measures (as more likely to occur if system fails). The third incident has remote chances and more likely due to some domino effect

caused by other incident. Occurrence of H2S along with oil and gas, if detected in any new well, is the major hazard during production testing of each well. Control measures for

occurrence of blowout and Emission or Leakage of H2S gas are discussed in following sub- sections.

Blowout

The precautionary and control measures used for blowout prevention are discussed below:

A. Precaution against Blowout

(i) The following control equipments for Drilling Mud System shall be installed and kept in use during Drilling Operations to prevent the Blowout:

 A Tank Level Indicator registering increase or reduction in the Drilling Mud Volume and shall include a visual and audio –warning device near the Driller Stand.  A device to accurately measure the volume of Mud required to keep the well filled at all times.  A Gas Detector or Explosimeter at the Primary Shale Shaker and connected to audible or visual alarm near the Driller Stand.  A device to ensure filling of well with Mud when the string is being pulled out.  A control device near driller stand to close the Mud Pump when well kicks.

(ii) BOP Drill shall be carried out as per OMR & OISD. (iii) BOP Control Unit shall be kept available near the well which can be used in case of Emergency to control the Well. (iv) When Running In or Pulling Out tubing, Full Opening Safety Valve (FOSV) shall be kept

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readily available at rig floor.

B. Precaution after Blowout

On appearance of any sign indicating the Blowout of well, all persons, other than those whose presence is deemed necessary for Controlling Blowout, shall be withdrawn from the Well.

During the whole time while any work of Controlling a Blowout is in progress, the following precautions shall be taken:

(i) A competent person shall be present on the spot throughout.

(ii) An area within the 500 meters of the well on the down wind direction shall be demarcated as Danger Zone.

 All Electrical Installations shall be de-energized.  Approved Safety Lamps or torches shall only be used within the Danger Zone.  No Naked Light or Vehicular Traffic shall be permitted within the Danger Zone.

(iii) A competent person shall ascertain the condition of ventilation and presence of gases with an approved instrument as far as Safety of persons is concerned.

(iv) There shall be available at or near the place, two approved type of self containing Breathing Apparatus or any other Breathing Apparatus of approved type for use in emergency.

(v) Adequate Firefighting Equipment shall be kept readily available for immediate use.

6.2.5.2 Control Measures for H2S Leakage/Emission during Drilling

The following control measures for H2S will become necessary if presence of H2S is detected at any new well.

A. H2S Detection System Presence

A four channels H2S gas detection system should be provided. Sensors should be positioned at optimum points for detection, actual locations being decided on site but likely to be:

 Just above Riser/Flow Nipple  Shale shaker

The detection system should be connected to an Audio Visual (Siren and Lights) Alarm

system. This system should be set to be activated at a concentration of 15 ppm H2S.

The Mud Logging will have a completely independent Detection System which is connected to an alarm in the cabin. This system will be adjusted to sound an Alarm at a concentration

level of 10 ppm H2S as suggested in the Drilling and Production Safety Code for Onshore Operations issued by The Institute of Petroleum.

A stock of H2S scavenger will be kept at drilling site for emergency use.

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B. Small Levels of H2S

Small levels of H2S (less than 10 ppm) will not activate the well site alarms. Such levels do

not create an immediate safety hazard but could be a first indication of high levels of H2S to follow.

H2S will cause a sudden drop of mud pH. The Mud Engineer/Mud Services will therefore organize and supervise continuous pH checks while drilling. Checks should be as frequent as possible and always made following a formation change.

Following control measures will be taken in case of small level of detection:

 Add H2S scavenger to mud.

 Check H2S levels at regular intervals for possible increase.

 Inform all personnel of the rig about the presence of H2S and current wind direction.  Commence operations in pairs.  Render sub base and cellar out-of-bounds without further checking levels in this area.

C. High Levels of H2S

Higher levels of H2S (greater than 10 ppm) do not necessarily cause an immediate safety hazard. However some risk does exist and, therefore, any levels greater than 10 ppm should

be treated in the same manner. Occurrence of 10 ppm or more H2S concentration will sound an alarm in the mud logging unit.

If higher levels of H2S (greater than 10 ppm) are found, following steps will be taken:

 Driller to Shut Down Rotary, pick up Kelly, close BOP and Shut Down Pump.  One pre-assigned roughneck will go to doghouse and put on breathing apparatus. All other Rig Personnel will evacuate the rig and move in Up-Wind direction to Designated Muster Point.

 Driller and roughneck will return to the rig floor and commence circulating H2S scavenger slowly and reciprocating pipe.

 The level of H2S will be checked in all work areas. H2S Scavenger will be added to the

Mud and circulated. If H2S levels drop, drilling will be continued with scavenger in the

mud. Approximately 30 % of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution will neutralize H2S gas

in the mud at 20 gallon of H2O2 per 100 barrels of mud.

6.2.5.3 Natural Disaster and Hazards

Following measures will be adopted to minimize the risks of Natural Hazards:  Enactment of building codes and construction standards.  Adaption of earthquake resistant designing in the establishment of structures and installation.  Adoption of Emergency Shut Down (ESD) mechanism.  Implementation of offsite and onsite DMP and ERP.

6.2.5.4 Fire Fighting Facility

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Fire Water System

 One water tank/pit of minimum capacity of 40m3 should be located at the Drilling Rig Site.  For production testing, one additional tank of 40m3should be provided.  One diesel engine driven trailer fire pump of capacity 1800 lpm should be placed at the approach area of drilling site.  One fire water distribution single line with minimum 4 “ size pipe/casing should be installed at drilling site with a minimum distance of 15 m from the well.

First Aid Fire Fighting Equipments at Drilling Rig

Portable Fire Extinguisher will be installed as per IS: 2190 on the Drilling Rig. The minimum quantities of fire extinguishers at various locations should be provides as per the following (Table 6.7).

Table 6.7: Fire Extinguishers

Sl. Type of Area Portable Fire Extinguishers No. 1. Drilling Rig floor 2 nos. 10 kg DCP type Extinguisher 2. Main Engine Area 1 no. 10 kg DCP type Extinguisher for each engine 3. Electrical motor/pumps 1 no. 10 kg DCP type Extinguisher for water circulation for mud pump 4. Mud Gunning Pump 1 no.10 kg DCP type Extinguisher

5. Electrical Control Room 1 no. 6.8 kg CO2 type Extinguisher for each unit 6. Mud mixing tank area 1 no. 10 kg DCP type Extinguisher 7. Diesel Storage Area 1 no. 50 lit mechanical foam 1 no. 50 kg DCP type Extinguisher 2 nos. 10 kg DCP type Extinguisher 2 nos. sand bucket or ½ sand drum with spade 8. Lube Storage Area 1 no. 10 kg DCP type Extinguisher 1 no. sand bucket 9. Air Compressor area 1 no. 10 kg DCP type Extinguisher 10. Fire Pump Area 1 no. 10 kg DCP type Extinguisher 11. Near Dilling In-charge One fire extinguisher/shed with 3 nos. 10 kg DCP Office type extinguisher and 2 sand buckets 12. Fire bell near Bunk House 1 no. 10 kg DCP type Extinguisher

6.2.6 Occupational Health

Occupational hazards associated with onshore drilling include exposure to hazardous substances, noise, vibrations, heavy manual handling activity at the site etc.

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At Drill Site qualified doctor is available 24 hrs on the Drilling Rig for the Immediate Treatment and First Aid. For serious injuries and diseases patient is evacuated by the Emergency Vehicles exclusively meant for Emergencies to the Nearest Medical Center.

Health Hazard Control is done by adopting following measures:

 Prioritize the health hazards based on their risk potential.  Identify specific work groups affected by each hazard.  Determine the controls required to manage these identified hazards. The cost of each identified control versus benefits of its implementation may be evaluated.  Develop an action plan identifying work to be done.

The health and hygiene of the personnel working at the Drilling Rig for long period will be monitored through periodic health checks of the persons. All employees undergo a periodic medical examination. The record of the health check-up will be maintained centrally off site in confidential file by the medical section. The medical officer at base recommends appropriate treatment for the persons found to be having any Health Problems requiring attention.

During the proposed Drilling Operations, inspections of cleanliness are carried out. First aid boxes are provided at different strategic locations on the drilling rig. The medical officer on board shall regularly inspect the First Aid Boxes and ensures that their contents are in order. Majority of the employees on the drilling rig are trained in First Aid. Regular Drills and Lectures on First Aid are carried out at the Rig. Occupational Health Surveillance Program is summarized in Table 6.8.

Table 6.8: Occupational Health Hazards and Mitigating Measures

Cause of health hazard Risk Mitigation Measures Use of PPEs in high Noise (Generators, Cranes, Rig, Hearing loss noise area and written Movement of Vehicles, etc) Standards Operating Handling of heavy equipment Procedures (SOP) to be and material (Manual handling Back problem followed. of material) Procedures to be followed as per Material Eye problems and Handling of chemicals Safety Data Sheet chemical ingestion, (Chemical stores, Chemical (MSDS) of all hazardous Dermal effect of dosing areas, Chemical labs, etc) chemicals for safe chemicals handling.

6.2.7 Frequency of Occurrence of Accident Scenario

Frequency of Occurrence of incident is important in risk analysis. Standards Operating Procedures (SOP), Proper Maintenance and Safety Precaution reduce the Frequency of occurrence of such Incident. The data sources referred for failure frequency is E&P Forum (Oil Industry International Exploration & Production Forum) frequency data base from TNO (“Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek”, a Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research) and Failure Frequency Data from the Rijmond Report (COVO Study,

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“Risk analysis of six potentially hazardous industrial objects in the Rijnmond area, a pilot study”, prepared and submitted by COVO (Dutch abbreviation for Commission for the Safety of the Pollution at large) Commission report to the Rijnmond public authority, Netherlands). The frequency occurrences for various scenarios are given below in Table 6.9.

Table 6.9: Frequency Occurrence for Various Accidents Scenarios

Sl. No. Scenarios Frequency of Occurrence 1. Catastrophic failure of largest 1/1,000,000 per tank per year nozzle connection in HSD tank Probability of Ignition  Immediate Ignition 65/1000  Delayed Ignition 65/1000  No Ignition 87/100 2. Catastrophic failure of Tank 67/1,00,00,000 per tank per year

Safety precaution, proper maintenance of equipment and risk mitigation measures adopted in storage and handling of inflammable materials will reduce the probability of occurrence of hazardous incident.

6.2.8 Conclusions

 Hydrocarbon Vapour Concentration Detector should be installed at some critical. Lower Flammability Limits (LFL) for some gaseous hydrocarbons are as under:

Compound LFL (% in air) Methane 5.0 Ethane 3.0 Propane 2.1 Butane 1.6

6.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

For meeting the emergencies caused by major accidents, planning response strategies are termed as Disaster Management Plans (DMPs). DMPs cannot be considered in isolation or act as a substitute for maintaining good safety standards at a project site. The best way to protect against major accidents occurrence is by maintaining very high levels of safety standards.

The Offsite & Onsite Disaster Management Plan (DMP) and Emergency Response Plan (ERP) are available for existing facilities in the ML Blocks, which are also extended to proposed activities. Details on existing facilities are given in Table 6.10. The scope of the DMP On-site Emergency Preparedness Plan is to evaluate the various types of emergencies that can occur at rig installations and processing/production facilities (Drilling and Production activities) and to formulate emergency plans, procedures that can be implemented by ONGC in house. In case the contingency exceed in dimension beyond ONGC‟s capability, the off- site Emergency plan shall be activated concurrently with the help of District administration. Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 6-14

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Table 6.10: Existing GGS Stations within the ML areas

Proposed Collection Sl.No. ML Area Transportation Wells stations 1 Nambar ML 04 2 GGS already At the GGS, the oil area functional in and gas will be Nambar area separated, Oil will be through pipelines transported to Nambar GGS-1 and gas will be supplied to the consumer 2 Khoraghat 03 2 GGS already At the GGS, the oil and functional in and gas will be Khoraghat Khoraghat area separated, Oil will be Ext. ML area through pipelines transported to Khoraghat GGS-1 and gas will be supplied to the consumer 3 East 01 Well will be Produced oil & gas Lakhibari produced through from the wells will be ML area Early Production transported to Borhalla system, in which GGS through tankers separator and tanks are used 4 Borholla ML 04 2 GGS already At the GGS, the oil area functional in and gas will be Borholla area separated, Oil will be through pipelines transported to Borholla GGS and gas will be supplied to the consumer

6.3.1 Statutory Requirements

1. Oil Mines Regulation, 1984 of Mines Act 1952

Contingency plan for Fire shall be prepared for any oil installation – OMR 1984.

2. Environment Protection act and the rules:

In exercise of the provisions under the Environment Protection Act 1986, the „Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules‟ came into force in November 1989. Under these rules, „Preparation of On-site Emergency Plan‟ is covered in Rule No.13 and „Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan‟ in Rule No.14,

6.3.2 Nature of Emergencies

In ONGC, have three tiers of Emergency Preparedness at Work centers:

1. A unit specific emergency (ERP): A unit specific emergency response plan is a plan prepared by every unit considering the emergency scenarios envisaged in the risk register. In case of emergency respective installation activates emergency response plan (ERP) and the emergency is mitigated with the facilities available within the installation. The ERP is activated by the Installation Manager. Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 6-15

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

2. On-site emergency (On-site DMP): The On-site Disaster Management plan is activated in case the emergency requires mobilization of resources from the other units / Asset. This plan is activated by the Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC), Asset Manager and will exercise control through the Asset Emergency Control Room (ECR).

3. Off-site emergency (off-site DMP): The off-site disaster management plan will be put into action in the following situations:

i) In case of an Onsite emergency spreads beyond the boundary of installation and causes damage to the life or property outside the boundary.

ii) In case an emergency originated from outside the premises of the installation/Drilling Rig/Work over Rig which is likely to effect the operations of installation.

The off-site emergency requires mobilization of resources beyond ONGC capabilities such as state emergency services.

6.3.3 Onsite Emergency Organization

The Asset Manager is head of the On-site emergency organization and is designated as the Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) at Asset level. He will exercise control through the Asset Emergency Control Room (ECR). The CEC is assisted by an expert team drawn from various disciplines.

The Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) will assume control through the Assistant Emergency Coordinator (AEC). The emergency coordinator (CEC) may appoint Surface Manager / Head Drilling Services / Head Well Services as Assistant Emergency Coordinator (AEC). The flow chart of onsite emergency organisation is shown in Figure 6.1.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Figure 6.1: Onsite-Emergency Organization

6.3.3.1 Functions & Responsibilities of Various Coordinators

The specified functions and responsibilities of the different coordinators are elaborated. These are the emergency functions and therefore the normal time functions become void. All the coordinators will assume their emergency roles immediately without any time lag.

Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC): Asset Manager will be the Chief Emergency Coordinator for all the Emergency Management activities at the Emergency Control Centre.

 Establish a control centre and will be In-charge of the entire on-site emergency operation.  Passing on information to relevant persons and agencies and also warning and advising people who are likely to be affected.  Convene an emergency meeting of all coordinators to discuss issues such as Rescue operations, Evacuation, Mobilizing the foods and also plans to augment the manpower.  Get feedback from all coordinators on the latest developments, other information and requirements at frequent intervals to decide on the future course of action.

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 Arrange to operate Mutual Aid Scheme through Head HSE. In case of Major Fire / Explosion he has to get mobilized force and appliance from State / Municipal Fire Service.  In case On-site emergency is escalating and speeding to an off-site emergency, the matter to be informed to the District Collector to enable them trigger off-site emergency plan activities to combat emergency.

Assistant Emergency Coordinator (AEC): In case of an emergency in production operations, the Surface Manager will assume the responsibilities of AEC. He will work under the orders of CEC. The responsibilities are:

 Assessment of the gravity of the situation and to declare the state of emergency  Establishment of Site Control Room (SCR)  Mobilization of resources  Control of logistic support  Control of rescue operations  Supervision of Medical attention to injured  Oversees all situation reports  Organizes all Post emergency operations

On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The senior most person or the Installation Manager will assume the role of OSC, unless otherwise directed. In case of abandoning the installation in distress, the In-charge of the nearest Installation will take over the role of OSC. CEC may also appoint a person from base to take over the task of OSC at Site Control Room.

On-scene coordinator is the key person in emergency situation. After receiving the message, shall reach the spot immediately.

 He will take control of Fire Fighting operation / damage control measures till the arrival of Incharge Fire.  In coordination with Incharge Fire, arrange to take all steps to control emergency situation.  Closely monitor the emergency situation and change action plan as per need.  In case of Major / Serious Emergency arrange to blow all clear siren when the emergency situation is under control.

Key Personnel: Key personnel for respective services, depending upon the nature of the emergency shall arrive at the site to take charge of their respective positions such as Logistics Coordinator, Safety (HSE) Coordinator, Fire Coordinator, Finance Coordinator, Medical Coordinator, Communication Coordinator etc.

6.3.3.2 Emergency Control Room (ECR) at Base office

An emergency control room (ECR) will be set up at base office in radio room under the control of Chief Emergency coordinator (CEC). Management decisions and plans will be conveyed from ECR to emergency site by AEC. From Site Control Room (SCR) all developments at emergency site will be communicated to ECR at base.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

6.3.3.3 Responding to an Emergency

The procedures for combating emergency situations viz. Blowout at a rig, release of toxic gases in an uncontrolled manner, fire or explosion are defined as emergency procedures. There are written laid out action sequences to be followed while fighting an emergency.

1. A person who detects say a fire, an explosion or a leak of hazardous gas should shout “Fire, Fire, Fire” Help, Emergency as applicable” and communicate the event to the people all around and to Shift I/C by using fire alarm / bell.

2. Should attempt to control or contain the emergency with the available resource if possible.

3. The emergency actions are put into action immediately by the Shift In-charge / Tool Pusher / Rig Manager, who then assumes the role of On Scene Coordinator (OSC). He then accesses the nature of emergency and informs AEC regarding requirement of crisis management team if any to mitigate the emergency.

4. The “Crisis Management Team” arrives at the scene and joins hands with the site crew, other supporting team to further combat the crisis under the guidance of the OSC and AEC.

5. A buddy team is created from the available manpower and kept as standby to the main team.

Assembly point

At every drill site, assembly point is identified as Safe Assembling point during an emergency. People working in the field and who do not have any direct role in Emergency Situation will quickly assemble here and wait for any instructions from the OSC or AEC.

Emergency procedures in the event of blowout

A blow out situation is a consequence of uncontrolled flow of oil / gas and there is every likelihood of fire being triggered off. To tackle such an emergency situation the flow of action can be divided into following two steps.

Step - I : Action on the spot - On-site. Step - II : Action of Asset in co-ordination with Basin.

The various functions with regard to these steps have been elaborated in the form of action flow sequences and kick control procedures. With a view to avoid overlapping of functions, the various actions required to be taken during a blowout have been identified and the personnel responsible for taking actions have been specified.

The position of blowout well being different in different cases the exact action plan of work to control the blowout spill / blowout fire and for capping of the well would be finalized by competent authorities of the Asset / Basin / Headquarters.

Functions of On-Scene Coordinator (OSC)

Take charge of the situation at the rig and follow the standing instruction given below

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 Evacuate all personnel to safe site.  Switch off engines and generators.  Remove and secure all well records.  Avoid and extinguish all naked flames / sparks.  Pull out all inflammable materials i.e. HSD, Petrol, Gas Cylinders, Chemicals etc. from well premises.  Pull out all possible equipments to safe distance.  Start spraying water on well mouth to keep it cool.  Cordon off the area and do not allow entry of any unauthorized person. Allow only the persons directly involved in operations to go near blowout well and maintain record of such persons.  Intimate Emergency Control Room (ECR) at base for deployment of additional manpower, materials, logistics / transport arrangements and technical support if any.  Keep in touch with ECR through Site Control Room (SCR) for update, feedback and instructions from base.  Assign responsibilities to the concerned persons to control the situation.  Evacuate all equipments and materials to safe location if required.

Make record of following information for forwarding to Emergency Control Room (ECR) at base:

 Well condition.  Position of drill string / Tubing string in the well.  Last tubing and annulus pressure recorded.  Number, Name and Designation of persons at site, measures initiated to meet the situation, details of injury / casualty, if any.

Emergency procedure for Control of Kick

A kick during drilling or work over operations is an event preceding a blowout. A blowout situation is never sudden and almost always follows after several indications or pointers. A kick is sudden outflow or upsurge of the drilling mud or work over fluid due to unexpected encountering of a gas zone or high pressure fluids, which throws out the fluids upwards out of the well bore. The kick of the out flowing fluid needs immediate remedial attention lest it assumes a more dangerous form of blowout. The remedial action by the crew and the kick control procedures are elaborated below.

Duty guidelines for Rig operational crew

All operations will be carried out under the control and guidance of the Shift In-charge / Tool Pusher, who then functions as the OSC.

When a kick is detected, the Shift In-charge will give a signal and all members of the crew will take up their respective positions. The signals will be in the form of short sirens in a continuous manner from the driller‟s console.

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Stand on brake and control as necessary. Supervise all activities to control the situation. Ensure functioning of BOP and choke manifold lines. SHIFT IN-CHARGE Ensure help is provided to Chemist in order to maintain mud (SIC) parameters as directed by authorities. Ensure safe removal of records, men and materials to safe and secure place. Be available at control panel of BOP to operate as per direction of RM / SIC / AE(D) / AEE(D) and the guidelines issued to close BOP, install Kelly cock etc. Keep watch on pressure on discharge line, stand pipe and annulus pressure and increase in mud volume in the pit / tanks. Help Chemist in preparation of mud and maintaining mud ASSISTANT SIC parameters as required. Ensure operation of degassing unit, if any. Also keep watch for rise in mud level in the suction tank. Work on choke line / kill line of BOP. - Keep watch on the float in the mud pit for loss or gain of mud and inform SIC the status and request SIC to alert site personnel of impending danger. TOP MEN Both of them will work on choke-line and valves. They will help the SIC in fitting NRV / Kelly etc. and will RIG MEN be available at derrick floor. RIG ENGINEER (M) To be near the engine waiting for directives from SIC. FITTER To be available near the pump and will give pump connection as and when advised by SIC / Chemist. To be available near BOP panel board and will attend RIG ENGINEER (E) electrical work if any needed for charging the accumulators. To liaison with SIC and calculate kill mud weight as per available data and take necessary steps to prepare mud as CHEMIST per requirement. It must be ensured however, it should be checked at the time of kick control and SIC should be informed of condition. To keep contact with the SIC and keep him abreast of GEOLOGIST possible reservoir condition and convey the data recorded at Mud Logging Unit. To see that no unauthorized person enter the site. He should remain at the drill site and not allow the villagers to SECURITY GUARD assemble near the gate. He should ensure that there is no open fire nearby.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

To assemble near the bunk house or storehouse within full view of SIC so that any of them is summoned by SIC at the OTHERS time of need. They should also ensure that there is no open fire at the site and nearby area.

After above mentioned steps are completed, all lines, valves, closed position of BOP are to be inspected by shift In-charge and certified.

Well Kick Shut in procedure for On Land and Jack up Rigs

A well kick shut in procedure for On-land and Jack up rigs as listed below is adopted from OISD STD 174.

i) Shut in procedure while drilling

1. Stop rotary 2. Pick up Kelly to clear tool joint above rotary table. 3. Stop mud pump, check for self-flow. If yes, proceed further to close the well by any of the following methods for shut in the well as shown in Table 6.11. Table 6.11: Shut in Procedure while Drilling

Sl. Soft Shut – in Hard Shut – in No.

1. Open hydraulic control valve Close Blow out Preventer. (HCR valve) / manual valve on (Preferably Annular Preventer) choke line.

2. Close Blowout Preventer. Open HCR/Manual valve on choke line when choke is in fully closed position.

3. Gradually close adjustable Allow pressure to stabilize and record /remotely operated choke, SIDPP, SICP and Pit Gain. monitoring casing pressure.

4. Allow the pressure to stabilize and ------record SIDPP, SICP and Pit gain.

SIDPP – Shut In Drill Pipe Pressure

SICP – Shut In Casing Pressure

FOSV - Full Opening Safety Valve

ii) Shut in procedure while tripping

1. Position tool joint above rotary table and set pipe on slips. 2. Install Full Opening Safety Valve (FOSV) in open position on the drill pipe and close it.

Following methods are recommended for shut-in the well as shown in Table 6.12.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Table 6.12: Shut in Procedure while Tripping

Sl. Soft Shut – in Hard Shut – in No. Open hydraulic control valve (HCR Close Blow out Preventer. 1. valve)/ manual valve on choke line. (Preferably Annular Preventer) Close Blowout Preventer. (Preferably 2. Make up Kelly and open FOSV. Annular Preventer) Gradually close adjustable/ remotely Open HCR/Manual valve on choke 3. operated choke, monitoring casing line when choke is in fully closed pressure. position. Allow pressure to stabilize and record 4. Make up Kelly and open FOSV SIDPP, SICP and Pit Gain. Allow the pressure to stabilize and 5. ------record SIDPP, SICP and Pit gain.

iii) Shut in procedure when string is out of hole

1. Close blind/shear ram. 2. Close adjustable/remotely operated choke and open HCR valve. 3. Record shut in pressure.

6.3.4 Offsite Emergency Plan

The OFF-SITE Emergency Plan for existing processing/production facilities of ML areas in ONGC, Assam Asset is a compilation of various emergency scenarios. It also includes the probable impact on „off the site‟ due to emergency and the action plan to combat / mitigate the consequences of a disaster situation.

6.3.4.1 Assessment of Hazard leading to Off-Site Emergency

The hydrocarbon produced from the Borholla ML area of Jorhat district and Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML areas of Golaghat district was transported to existing processing/production facilities through trunk lines and tankers. No. of person working in each of the installation may vary from 25-30 per shift. The equipments at the installation mainly consist of bank of separators, storage tanks and oil dispatch pumps. Crude oil is always stored in bulk. Fire is the most common hazard in a Crude Oil and Natural Gas processing operations and there are also possibilities of explosion and toxic gas dispersion which can arise due to the severe operating and storage conditions. Any incident of the above nature is likely to cause extensive damage to the plant property and personnel.

Disaster situation arising out of the hazards encountered in the above mentioned installations is normally not expected to affect beyond 200m. An estimated maximum area within 1.0 - 1.5 Km radius can be considered for declaration as emergency or danger zone.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Outside the premises of the these installations, environmental hazards are likely to occur due to the leakage / bursting of either trunk pipeline or flow lines from wells and flaring of natural gas.

Hazard in Flow Lines: A pipeline connecting one installation to another installation is termed as a trunk line while a pipeline connecting hydrocarbon well to the installation is called as a flow line.

The trunk pipeline and almost all the well flow lines pass through the agricultural fields. The trunk and flow lines are sub-surface pipelines and are laid 1.2 m below the ground level. Due care has been taken during laying of trunk and flow lines. As far as possible laying of pipeline is avoided in populated area. The main risk in transportation of oil / gas through pipeline is leakage of oil / gas which may result in fire if source of ignition is present. Once, detected, the emergency procedure will be activated and remedial action will be taken to control the leak, spread of fire etc. Moreover, no major evacuation is required as pipelines are passing through non populated areas.

Hazard in Transportation of Condensate by Tankers: The crude oil is transported through road tankers from various isolated installations within the Asset to processing/production installation. There is a chance of oil spill due to overturning or collision of tankers. In this case, a small quantity of crude oil is likely to be spilled. When an emergency arises the nearby police station may be contacted to cordon off the affected area and all sources of ignition are removed to safe distance to avoid fire. Nearby public is instructed not to light any source of ignition. Efforts should be made to stop the flow of oil into nearby water bodies to avoid water contamination. For this purpose, improvised booms made of bamboo‟s plants etc. can be rigged up to contain the oil and prevent its spreading.

6.3.4.2 Disaster due to Man-made causes (Terrorist attack)

Other than above technical and operational hazards ONGC units also poses disasters due to man-made causes such as Terrorist attack, Bomb threats. The action plan for these scenarios is as below:

i) IED Attack

Primary rule

If a suspected device is encountered, it should not be handled and the area should be secured. Improvised explosive devices are very unstable. They are extremely sensitive to shock, friction, impact, and heat, and may detonate without warning. Even the smallest devices can cause serious injury or death.

Secondary rule

 Always assume that there is more than one device present, whether any other bomb or a device has been located.  Package-type IEDs: Institute security procedures in receipt and dispatch section and instruct employees on how to recognize suspicious packages.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

 Luggage-type IEDs: Train security personnel and employees regarding unattended packages of any type. Never pick up or open any suspicious package or piece of luggage. If an IED is discovered, call the police and do not touch the device.  Vehicle-borne IEDs: Perform a vulnerability/threat assessment for the facility with special attention to this type of explosive delivery mechanism. Consider the use of enhanced security away from your key buildings (such as a vehicle checkpoint) or the use of bullards or barriers to block vehicular access to building entrances. ii) Chemical Attacks

A chemical emergency occurs when a hazardous chemical has been released and has the possibility of harming people‟s health. Potentially lethal, chemical agents are difficult to deliver in deadly amounts. If released outdoors, the agents often dissipate rapidly. As such, the most lethal area for a chemical release is inside a confined space, such as a building, public place, or subway system.

Industrial chemicals, while not as lethal, can be just as effective if released in sufficient quantities. Chlorine, ammonia, benzene, and other toxic chemicals are routinely transported through densely populated areas in rail tankers or truck tankers and could be the target of a terrorist attack.

Chemical terrorist attacks will most likely be overt because the effects of most chemical agents are immediate and obvious. Your response will have to be thought out and practiced in advance to be effective.

Evacuation

Some types of chemical emergencies will require evacuation from the immediate area. If you are up-wind and in the open, evacuate up-wind and away from the incident. Cover your mouth and nose with a damp cloth. If you have been exposed, you will have to be decontaminated by first responders.

Shelter in Place If you are already in down-wind and/or in a multistory building, you may be instructed to shelter in place or to make that decision on your own. Most likely you will only need to shelter for a few hours. The procedure includes:

 Go inside as quickly as possible shut and lock all windows and doors; turn off all HVAC equipment and any fans.  If you have multiple floors, go as high as practical, three to five floors. (Most chemical agents are heavier than air.)  If you have duct tape, tape over door and window  cracks, vents, electrical outlets, and any opening to the outside.  Wait for instructions from first responders before leaving. iii) Biological Attacks

A bio-terrorist attack could happen in any workplace, yet most company personnel know little about potential bio-toxins or bio-pathogens or how to recognize these agents and respond in the event of an attack.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

There are several ways a bio-terrorist event may manifest itself. The biological event may result from a covert attack. A covert attack may be unleashed by the receipt of an object, such as a package or piece of mail, accompanied by a warning or threat. For example, release of a biological agent could occur through delivery of a package contaminated with anthrax spores or another pathogen. Biological agent release also could occur via the ventilation system (HVAC) in a building, where dispersal could take place within a matter of minutes. Because the covert release is not witnessed, the effects of such an event can be widespread and difficult to isolate or recognize.

While terror is intended to produce casualties, disruption, and fear, the use of biological agents is particularly injurious. Biological attacks are delayed events. The sudden appearance of generalized symptoms in victims who present themselves to medical providers may initially disguise the true source of exposure. Only when a trickle of patients turns into a flood or mysterious pathogens quickly make their presence felt does the magnitude of the event reveal itself.

The goal of the medical care community (i.e., hospitals, physicians, and other health care providers) is to recognize and diagnose the disease (which frequently may be unfamiliar to most clinicians) and to provide treatment. The goal of public health authorities is to detect and control the outbreak of the illness. Public health officials will focus on identifying and treating exposed persons and preventing the spread of disease.

In response to a covert release, it is important for ONGC health officials to recognize the signs and symptoms of an emerging disease among employees. If an overt release is recognized, take immediate action to isolate the exposed employees and/or area of agent dispersion and to remove others from the area of release. Notify local public health authorities immediately and follow their directions. Decontamination may also be warranted in response to an overt release.

iv) Radiological Attacks

A radiological weapon or “dirty bomb” is a crude device that combines a conventional explosive with highly radioactive material. When detonated, the blast vaporizes the radioactive material and propels it across a wide area.

The main danger from a dirty bomb is the initial blast, which could cause serious injury or property damage. The radioactive materials will likely not be concentrated enough to cause immediate serious illness, except to those very close to the blast site or those who inhale smoke and dust. Dirty bombs are designed to cause tremendous psychological damage by exploiting the public‟s fear of radiation. These are not weapons of mass destruction, but weapons of mass disruption aimed at wreaking economic havoc by making target areas uninhabitable for extended periods.

There are three basic ways to reduce your exposure:

1. Reduce the time near the source of radiation,

2. Increase the distance from the source of radiation,

3. Increase the shielding between person and the source of radiation. Shielding is anything that puts distance and mass between person and the radiation source.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Evacuation

If a person is outside, evacuate up-wind from the blast site cover the nose and mouth with a wet cloth to reduce the risk of inhaling radioactive smoke or dust. Once out of the immediate area, seek shelter and wait for instructions from first responders. If individual has been exposed to dust or smoke, follow the decontamination procedure.

Shelter in Place

If a person is close to the blast and inside a building, stay inside if the building is intact. Move to the basement and turn off all HVAC equipment and fans bringing in outside air it is not necessary to seal doors and windows, but it may be helpful. Wait for instructions from first responders.

6.3.4.3 Action Plan - Reporting of an Off-Site Emergency

The off-site disaster management plan will be put into action in the following situations: a) In case of an Onsite emergency spreads beyond the boundary of installation and causes damage to the life or property outside the boundary. b) In case an emergency originated from outside the premises of the installation/Drilling Rig/Work over Rig which is likely to effect the operations of installation. The off-site emergency requires mobilization of resources beyond ONGC capabilities such as state emergency services. In case of an off-site emergency, the On-site Chief emergency coordinator (Asset Manager) will report the matter to the District Collector, who is Chairman of District emergency committee. Further, the Chairman will mobilize other members of District Emergency committee as per the organization Chart for an Off-site emergency management (Figure 6.2). Communication to Corporate Disaster Management Group (CDMG) The Chief Emergency coordinator shall immediately inform CMD, Director (HR),-CCEC, Director-concerned and Director-I/C HSE on the situation and his assessment for intervention of Corporate Disaster Management Group (CDMG).

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Figure 6.2: Flowchart for Offsite Emergency Management

Functions and responsibilities of emergency Committee

When a call is received from On-site Emergency coordinator regarding emergency / disasters, District Collector, who is also chairman of the District Emergency committee, will initiate the district level action plan to combat the emergency. Responsibilities of Chairman of District Emergency Committee a) Take overall responsibility for combating the off-site emergency. b) Declare an area of 500 m or up to 1.5 Kms as felt appropriate around the site as a “Hazardous Zone”. c) Inform the District Police, Fire Personnel to combat the emergency. Arrange if necessary, for warning and evacuating the public from the villages by the Superintendent of Police. d) Inform the team of Doctors headed by District Health & Medical Officer; also help and support from nearby hospitals may be called for. e) Inform the Regional Transport Officer to arrange for transportation of victims and evacuation of people trapped within the hazardous zone.

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f) Inform the Executive Engineer of state electricity department to give uninterrupted power supply or de-energize power supply, as required. g) Inform the Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) and District supply officer to provide safe shelter, food and other life-sustaining requirements for the evacuees.

Responsibilities and duties of members of Service group

In the implementation of the Off-site emergency plan a service group will assist the Collector of respective district. This group consists of the following members from the district area & has responsibilities as indicated.

District Collector Press and Public Relations

Superintendent of Police Warning & Advice to the public security measures, Rescue & Evacuation

District Revenue Officer Coordinates Transport, Civil Supplies, Health, Medical and other services.

Revenue Divisional Officer Rallying post

Regional Transport Officer Provide transport

Deputy Director Health To take care of Public Health & Preventive medicines

District Medical Officer Treatment of affected persons

Divisional Fire Officer Help in firefighting operations & rescue.

District Environmental Advice for protection of environment and reduction in Engineer environmental losses

Joint Director, Animal Taking care of cattle in the affected area. Husbandry

Joint Director, Agriculture Taking care of standing crops

Executive Engineer, State Ensuring uninterrupted powers supplies or de-energizes Electricity Department power supply as required.

6.3.4.4 Mock Drill for Onsite and Off-Site Emergency Management

ONGC may conduct Mock Drill to check the efficacy of Onsite and Off-site Emergency plan for review and updation in association with Government officials.

Once in every year this plan will be practiced on field mock exercise involving dramatized scenarios to test the communication system, action plan and response of all Key agencies within ONGC and Government officials. Such on field mock exercise will be selected from high risk areas and near real approach of actual fire fighting / evacuation operations will be undertaken. An emergency will be alerted through different types of Siren Sound Code example fire, explosion, toxic release etc. Siren codes as per OISD STD 116 reproduced here in Format-I will be followed.

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Emergency Siren Codes Scenario Siren Sound Code Major Fire A wailing siren for two minutes. Siren should be sounded three times for 30 seconds with an interval of 15 seconds. Disaster Same type of siren as in case of Major fire, but the same will be sounded for 3 times at the interval of 02 minutes. Gas Leak A wailing sound for 2 min. 5 times for 20sec at 5 sec interval Blow-out with Fire same as „Major Fire‟ Siren Blow-out without same as „Gas Leak‟ Siren Fire Air Raid As per guidelines of Air Defence Dept. of the area. All Clear Straight run siren for 2 minutes Test Run Straight run for 2 minutes (Reference: OISD-STD 116, page 26)

Note: Sound for Gas situation and blow-out sirens have been devised internally, as it is not mentioned in OISD-116. During mock drill exercise observers would be appointed in key areas to take note of individual responsibilities, response time and lapses. Every mock exercise will be followed by “post – mock-drill meeting” to discuss the findings of observers and shortcomings. The lessons learnt from such exercises will be summarized in the form of a report to improve upon the overall preparedness and will also be used as inputs for updating the plan to the extent necessary.

If in any case the exercise cannot be carried out due to operational reasons the same shall be done as the table top exercise to test the communication system, action plan and response of all Key agencies within ONGC and Government officials.

6.3.4.5 Review of the Plan

The off-site emergency plan will be reviewed by ONGC and District Emergency Committee as per requirement and updated accordingly.

6.3.4.6 Blow Out Contingency Plan

The Contingency Plan for Blowout is shown in Figure 6.3.

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WELL IS OUT OF CONTROL- BLOW OUT DECLARED BLOW OUT

RESTRICT THE ORGANISE HEAD EVACUATE THE PRIMARY RESPONSE I N CIDENT REPORTING ENTRY OF COUNT SITE OUTSIDERS

BASE ASSET MANAGER / BLOWOUT WITH FIRE BLOWOUT WITHOUT FIRE RADIO BASIN MANAGER ROOM No Yes TALLIED? EVACUATE SITE HEAD GAS OIL DRILLING SERVICES ORGANISE SEARCH AND WAIT FOR INSTRUCTIONS SPRAY WATER TAKE POLLUTION SURFACE MANAGER & RESCUE CONTROL HEAD WELL SERVICES MEASURES FI RST WAIT FOR AID FURTHER NEAREST POLICE INSTRUCTIONS WAIT FOR INSTRUCTIONS STATION

FOR MOBILISE THE PATIENT TO EVACUATE SURROUNDINGS IF H2S M.R.O. OFFICE MINOR INJURIES NEAREST HOSPITAL PRESENTS STATE FIRE DEPT.

R.C.M.T. TASK FORCE ASSESSMENT OF SITUATION ON SITE SECONDARY RESPONSE S.E.M.

ON SITE MEETING CIVIL , ADMN., POLICE, STATE ENGINEERING FIRE, MEDICAL SECURITY

O.N.G.C. BLOW OUT CONTROL & FIRE RELIEF WELL TEAM NOMINATE PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR FIGHTING EQUIPMENT OUT SIDE

WORK OUT THE CONTROL STRATEGY O.N.G.C. FIELD INTERVENTION TEAM POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT

OUT SIDE MOBILIZE THE RESOURCES SUPPORT SERVICES EXPERTS O.N.G.C.

ESTABLISH INFRASTRUCTURE OUT SIDE LOGISTICS, COMMUNICATION, WORK -- COMMUNICATION SHOP, S.E.M., FIRE, MEDICAL, P&A, -- FIRST AID F&A, M.M, P.R., LEGAL -- ON SITE CAMP EXECUTE CONTROL PLAN -- OFF SITE OFFICE

Figure 6.3: Blowout Contingency Plan

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7 PROJECT BENEFITS

7.1 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed development drilling of twelve (12) onshore wells drilling in the Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension Mining lease areas in the Golaghat district and Borholla Mining lease area in the Jorhat district of Assam will lead to following benefits:  The Project will enhance hydrocarbon production, the hydrocarbon gain is expected to be 30m3/day (NRDJ & NRDK wells), 30m3/day (ELDA well) and 90m3/day (KHDD, KHDE & KHDF wells) in Golaghat District and 60 m3/day (BRDO & BRDN wells) in Jorhat District, which will in-turn contribute to country’s economy by enhancing energy security and reducing foreign exchange outgo.

 The proposed project will result in the direct and indirect employment opportunities to the unskilled/skilled local/regional people as well as increase in business opportunities.

 The proposed project will benefit the region by way of creation and improvement of infrastructure facilities like roads, drainage, bridges etc.

 Assistance from ONGC as part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) schemes in the fields of education, health, infrastructure etc. for the benefit of local people and region.

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8 ENVIRONMENTAL 8 MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 INTRODUCTION

This Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Framework is a site specific document for the development drilling of hydrocarbons that has been developed to ensure that ONGC can implement the project in an environmentally conscious manner and where all contractors, understand the potential environmental risks arising out of the proposed project and take appropriate actions to properly manage such risk.

This EMP will be an overview document that will guide environmental management of all aspects of ONGC’s activities i.e. construction and operation of exploration/development wells, GGS and Pipelines within the Block. This EMP will be backed up by more specific Environmental Action Plans, Procedures and Bridging Documents with the progress of the well site preparation, development drilling, well testing and site decommissioning activities.

8.2 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse environmental impact of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. The primary objectives of the EMP are to:

 Facilitate the implementation of mitigation measures for identified Adverse Impacts;

 Define the responsibilities of the Project Proponents and Contractors in order to effectively implement the Environmental Management Plan;

 Define a Monitoring Mechanism and identify Monitoring Parameters in order to:

o Ensure the complete implementation of all Mitigation Measures;

o Ensure the effectiveness of the Mitigation Measure;

o Provide a mechanism for taking timely action in the face of Unanticipated Environmental Situations;

 Identify training requirements at various levels.

8.2.1 HSE Policy of Block Operator

The use of fossil fuel will depend not only on Technical, Economic and Political decisions but increasingly on environmental considerations and its impact.

Block Operator will continue to conduct its activities in a professional and responsible manner. The company, not only will comply with the laid down legislation requirements

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but when found inadequate will promote creative measures and internal standards for the protection of Health, Safety & Environment of the highest order for all who may directly or indirectly be affected by any of the activities.

Personal Safety and Employee Health is our greatest responsibility, followed by the protection of the Environment and Company Property. The company will continue to take a proactive approach towards creating safe work environment for all employees and will be concerned for promoting continued safety education and training for all employees, assigning responsibility for all aspects of the program, continuously reviewing the program to identify potential areas of improvement, and ensuring a thorough evaluation of all incidents.

The company will continue to address the Environmental and Health impact of the operations by reducing Waste, Emissions, discharges and by using energy efficiently.

The company will maintain awareness of HSE matters, so as to be proactive in providing a value-added service to the Clients. This awareness is achieved through Education, Communication and definition of the goals and standards appropriate to operation and those undertaken on the Client’s behalf.

8.2.2 Organizational Structure and Responsibilities

This section provides an organizational structure for Environmental Management during the proposed drilling project and defines the roles and responsibilities of the various role players for the duration of the project.

A) Management Approach The organizational roles and responsibilities are summarized below:

Block Operator: The overall responsibility for compliance with the Environmental Management Plan rests with the Project Proponent.

Contractors: The Contractors (Civil, Drilling and Others) will carry out field activities as part of the Development Drilling project. The contractors will be subject to certain liabilities under the environmental laws of the country, and under their contract with Block Operator.

A certain degree of redundancy is inevitable across all management levels, but this is in order to ensure that compliance with the environmental management plan is crosschecked.

Other essential features of the EMP are:

 Block Operator will appoint a Mine Manager to oversee HSE compliance throughout the duration of the Drilling Program. HSE Officer/ Safety Officer as per DGMS will assist him in implementation and monitoring;  Block Operator will ensure that all contracts comply with the requirements given in the Environmental Management Plan;

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 Block Operator will cooperate with regulatory agencies (such as the State Pollution Control Board, CPCB, DGMS, OISD, MoEF) who may want to send their own teams to monitor the activities during the Drilling Program.

B) Organizational Responsibilities

The salient features of the organisational responsibilities are described below:

(i) Primary Responsibilities:

 The primary responsibilities for the environmental performance of the Project Proponent & the Contractors will be assumed by their senior level officers during the project period.  Block Operator’s Mine Manager will be responsible for the company’s compliance with the EMP throughout the project.  The contractor will assume the main responsibility for all environmental matters pertaining to their work.  Block Operator will coordinate with relevant Government Departments.

(ii) Field Management and Quality Control:

 Conducting Drilling Activities in an environmentally sound manner will be the responsibility of the Drilling Contractor/Company.  Block Operator’s Safety Officer (Drilling) will be responsible for the overall environmental soundness of all field operations.

(iii) On-the-job Supervision and Monitoring:

 Block Operator has a Safety Officer, who is responsible for ensuring compliance with the EMP during the drilling operation. He is also responsible for communicating with and training the Drilling Crews in all aspects of the EMP.  Block Operator has an HSE Coordinator who will be responsible for all environmental issues and for the implementation of the environmental management plan in the field.  If any Monitoring Team from Government Departments or from NGOs visit the field during the Drilling Operation, Block Operator’s HSE Coordinator will be responsible for coordinating their visits.

8.3 MITIGATION PLAN

The Mitigation Plan is the key component of any EMP. It lists all the potential impacts of the project and their associated mitigation measures identified in the EIA. For each Impact/Hazard, the following information is presented in the plan:

 A comprehensive listing of Mitigation Measures  Actions Required

The mitigation plan for proposed development drillings is presented Table 8.1 (prior to drilling phase) and Table 8.2 (during drilling phase).

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Table 8.1: Mitigation Management Matrix (Prior to Drilling Phase)

Hazard & Effect(s) Proposed Mitigation Required Actions

Land Acquisition  Ensure that all necessary protocols are followed and  Block Operator to initiate interaction with the concerned legal requirements implemented. officials in the State Government, prior to release of actual Obtain necessary approvals location to identify necessary permits and the approval  Ensure that appropriate legal requirements (Land from State Government for mechanism. construction & operations. Acquisition Act) have been met with regard to land occupancy, land ownership or usage rights, notice &  Apply for approval for Land acquisition with proper maps compensation, etc. and prescribed fees.  Establish and clearly document all land agreements  Preliminary site survey to be carried out by block with owners, users and state authorities & mark out operator’s civil works consultants to mark the road & site site boundaries. requirement on ground.  Acquiring necessary approvals from State government  Block Operator’s Team to meet the State Pollution in a timely manner. Control Board Authorities to apprise them of the plan and to identify and apply for necessary permissions prior to drilling phase.

Soil Erosion  Minimize the extent of site clearance area, by  Detailed contour maps of the site to be prepared with big choosing best layout with respect to existing trees marked on it to work out the best layout to minimize topography. cut & fill & avoid cutting of trees.  Minimize removal of trees at site.  Plan to minimize tree cutting prior to site construction and ensure implementation on ground during site construction

phase.

 Collect topsoil during site preparation and stockpile  To provide retaining walls to arrest flow of cut earth to the same to be used to the extent possible for site nearby areas and to see that arrangement is in place for restoration later. collection.

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Table 8.2: EMP - Mitigation Management Matrix (During Drilling Phase)

Hazard & Effect(s) Proposed Mitigation Required Actions

Waste and Effluent Management

Poor planning and execution might  Block Operator to identify different type of waste  Implementation of Waste Management Plan (as given pose a threat to environment. anticipated during operations, work out estimated in Table 8.3) quantities, lay down procedures for collection, handling, treatment and disposal of each type of waste.

 Waste Management Plan to be implemented during  Waste Management Plan to be implemented during operations. drilling and be made available for inspection at site to all Regulatory Bodies.

Contamination of rain/storm water  Detailed drainage design will be developed as a part of  Block Operator in association with Civil Works runoff with rig wash water & waste the site design. It will be ensured that mud and Consultants/ contractors to develop detailed drainage mud associated drainage system is isolated from the rain/ system addressing concerns outlined here. storm water drainage system.  Install and maintain effective run-off controls, including silt traps, straw barriers etc.

 Pits must have adequate capacity to prevent flooding  Block Operator to work out required pit volumes during high rains (maintain free board) and should be based on maximum case scenario including rainwater. fully bounded.

Wastewater & cuttings may contain  All wastewater, which will be generated from washings  Site design will include adequately sized pits to trace amounts of drill fluid and & spent mud will be contained in HDPE lined (300 contain wastewater for solar evaporation. residual chemicals. GSM) pits and will be solar evaporated, which is permissible as per GSR 546.

 Cuttings will be dried to maximum extent possible using  Block Operator will use drier system to treat the suitable equipment and will be contained in separate pits cuttings coming from the shakers to achieve fairly Dry

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Hazard & Effect(s) Proposed Mitigation Required Actions before final disposal as per direction from Regulatory Cuttings. Authority.

 The water generated during drilling operation is likely to  Mobile ETP part of the drilling rig will be used for have very high turbidity and salt contents. This water treatment and if any excess water, it will be sent to will be treated in ETP and the treated water after permanent ETP attached with GGS (nearby ML areas) conforming to MoEF standards will be discharged to

Effluent Injection Well.

Fuels, Lubricants and Chemicals  Prepare a comprehensive Oil Spill Contingency Plan  Implementation of OSCP will be ensured. Management pose threat of major, (OSCP) to handle all major, moderate & minor spills. moderate & minor spills  Keeping all fuels, lubricants and chemicals in well-  Checklist of all drums and containers located within designed storage facility with regular inventory footprint of the storage area will be prepared. checking.

 Ensure that OSCP is implemented during operations.  Training and awareness program to be developed among all workers associated along with mock exercises.

Contamination by way of  Used and unused chemicals will be stored in a lined &  The lined & bunded area for the diesel tank will have oil/lubricant spills and leaching bunded area. extra space to contain used and unused lubricants in drums.

 Executing delivery of fuel to drilling site under strict  Keeping an inventory of all fueling and refueling supervision and carrying out refueling operations in an operations. area with impervious flooring and surface drainage with  Impervious liners in place for fuel, lubricants storage oil interceptor. area. Fuel/Lubricant Containment & Generator area to have drains with Oil Entrapment Provision

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Hazard & Effect(s) Proposed Mitigation Required Actions

 Use of suitable delivery trucks.  Check all delivery trucks for suitability & ensure that they meet safety requirements.

 Effective bunds capable of containing 110% of the  Site design to incorporate bund requirement for the volume of the largest container within and enclosing all fuel/lubricant storage area. potentially contaminating materials. To be used for fuel/lubricants storage area

Major Spills  Non-contaminated and contaminated runoff will be kept  Ensure separate runoff routes during site design. separate. Non-contaminated runoff will be routed to off-

site area. Potentially contaminated runoff will be treated.

 Major Spills: OSCP could be in place and associated  These spills will be handled and controlled with equipment and tools should be available. special care and the soil contaminated with oil will be sent to Bioremediation site.  All spills/leaks contained, reported and cleaned up immediately.

Noise and Vibration

Noise and Vibration  Checklist of all machineries with record of date of  Maintain data records. procurement, installation and age.

 Regular maintenance of all equipments.  Maintenance Log Book for all machineries to be prepared.

 Implement good working practices to minimize noise.  No machinery will be operated when not required.  Selection and use of low noise generating equipment equipped with engineering controls viz. mufflers,

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Hazard & Effect(s) Proposed Mitigation Required Actions silencers etc  Setup effective noise barrier at the fence-line of the site;

 Wearing of ear protector when appropriate.  Block Operator to distribute noise protection equipment and ensure utilization by the work force.

Air Emissions

Air Emissions  Operate all equipment within specified design  Ensure proper Equipment maintenance. parameters.

 Minimize emissions during well testing (flaring).  Effective separation of Oil & Gas to be achieved and the separated oil will be transported to nearest ONGC installation and only dry clean gas to be flared.  Flaring will be undertaken in accordance with the Sl No.72. B CPCB Guidelines for Discharge of Gaseous Emissions for Oil & Gas Extraction Industry.  Duration of flaring will be minimized by careful planning and High combustion efficiency; smokeless flare/burner will be used.

 Exhausts of engines on the drilling rig diesel generators  Preventive maintenance of DG sets will be undertaken will be positioned at a sufficient height to ensure as per manufacturers schedule to ensure compliance dispersal of exhaust emissions; engines will not be left with Sl No 94 GSR 371(E) dated 17.5.2002. running unnecessarily

 Watering of unpaved roads if required to control dust  Ensure absence of stockpiles or open containers of

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Hazard & Effect(s) Proposed Mitigation Required Actions generation. dusty materials.  Covering of vehicles used for delivery of soil, aggregates for construction is required.  All vehicles will used for transportation will be PUC certified.

Solid Wastes

Wastes will include organic wastes,  Ensure proper documentation of all wastes generated.  Pre-operation inspections to ensure waste disposal scrap metal, waste oil & chemicals, facilities are in place. sacks, medical wastes, etc.  Litter and debris not to be discarded at site and to be  A segregation pit to have waste types segregated into segregated at segregation pit on the well site. separate drums at the well site.

 Non-Toxic Biodegradable Waste to be buried during  Block Operator to arrange for proper disposal and operations and de-commissioning, ensuring that local waste recycling contractors. water resources are not contaminated in any way.

 Bulk supply of materials to be preferred for minimization of packaging wastes. Unused materials to be returned to Supplier.

 Material such as scrap metal, waste oil will be disposed of in a controlled manner through authorized waste contractors.

Non-routine/ accidental events

Non –routine events  Draw up Emergency Response Plan (ERP), Well  Block Operator to monitor strict compliance with the

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Hazard & Effect(s) Proposed Mitigation Required Actions Control Plan, OSCP plan and keep them updated. provisions of OSCP and ERP & Well Control Plan.  Maintain state of readiness for quick response including  Records of interaction between the management and plan awareness, training and regular mock exercises. the work force. Records of training and drills.  Ensure all available offset data is examined for proper design parameters and ERP (Emergency response plan) to be in place

Loss of well control  Proper well design, which will ensure that the  Well monitoring equipment to detect influx from hydrostatic weight of mud will overcome formation reservoir. Pressure detection service provided through pressure. Mud-logging.

 Proper drilling program design to ensure selection of  Blowout preventers tested on installation and properly rated BOP equipment. routinely.

 Ensure that the Block Operator’s supervision team &  To ensure key personnel to have International Well Rig Contractor’s relevant operating personnel are Control Forum (IWCF) certificates. trained to handle well control situations and hold relevant Well Control Training Certificates.

Well kicks, blow out etc.  To detect well kicks immediately to prevent blowouts.  Advance instrumentation system and Mud Logging unit should be available.  Ensure advanced detection system is in place and BOP equipment is well maintained.  Gas Detector or Explosion meter will be provided at Primary Shale Shaker and connected to audible or visual alarm near the Driller Stand.

Socio-Economic Impacts

Socio-Economic Impacts  Ensure no water (surface or ground) contamination  Implement proposed Waste Management Plan and undertake water quality monitoring before, during and

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Hazard & Effect(s) Proposed Mitigation Required Actions occurs from drilling operations. after the operations.  Undertake social welfare projects for the local  Implement social welfare schemes as per Company’s communities through CSR strategy. CSR policy.  Few unskilled manual labours may be engaged temporarily from local communities.

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8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING HSE training will help to ensure that the requirements of the EIA and EMP are clearly understood and followed by all project personnel throughout the project period. The primary responsibility for providing training to all project personnel will be that of ONGC. ONGC will train the site staff, the drilling contractor, and other staff engaged by Block Operator for the project. Training will cover all staff levels, ranging from the management and supervisory to the skilled and unskilled categories. The scope of the training will cover the requirements of the EIA and the EMP, with special emphasis on sensitizing the project staff to environmental, social, ethnic, and tribal context of the area. The Drilling In-charge will conduct Pit Level Meeting, Job Safety Analysis and Tool Box Meeting for the Block Operator Staff and the Contractor Staff to better appreciate environmental risks and their mitigation measures. This will be undertaken after conducting audits on the operations. SOP and provisions of the Mines Act and relevant OISD standards should be discussed with Rig Operator.

8.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN For the proposed drilling, it is expected that the drill cuttings will be free from oil and may not be rendered as hazardous, provided it is out of the purview of concentration criteria laid down under the Rules. The sludge from the proposed drilling operations may be rendered as free from oil by providing suitable pre-treatment measures. However, as per the Rules, any chemical sludge generated from wastewater treatment is considered as hazardous. Therefore, the chemical sludge from the wastewater treatment at the proposed Developmental Drilling can be rendered as hazardous. The Drilling Mud and Other Drilling Wastes also considered as hazardous. However, based on sampling and analysis carried out through a recognized laboratory after the end of the drilling phase, if it is proved that the drilling mud and other drilling wastes do not contain any of the constituents mentioned in HWM Rules to the extent of concentration limits specified therein, the wastes may not be treated as hazardous. Block Operator would require prior authorization from the State Pollution Control Board for treatment, storage, transportation and disposal of any hazardous waste generated at site during drilling operations. Management of drill cuttings, waste drilling mud, waste oil and domestic waste will be made in accordance with S No. 72 C.1.a Schedule I Standards for Emission or Discharge of Environmental Pollutants from Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry of CPCB as modified in 2005. To facilitate field level implementation, a Waste Management Plan is proposed, which will be subject to fine tuning before the start of the operations. This Waste Management plan is presented below in Table 8.3.

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Table 8.3: Waste Management Plan

Who is What needs to be Category Waste Type Proposed Action Responsible for Monitoring Reported? action?

Drilling Drill Cuttings To be stored in 300 GSM HDPE lined pits on the well HSE Officer Verify that volume of pit is ONGC Wastes site. The pits will be bunded and kept covered with cum adequate for storage of Tarpaulin sheets during monsoons. coordinator cuttings from the drilling site. At the close of operations, if leachate analysis performed on properly washed and reasonably dried drill cuttings Leachate analysis to be show that it is non-hazardous in nature, then it can be done on completion of the disposed of as inert material either into a cuttings pit well from a recognized onsite or offsite or taken for beneficial use in construction Lab. of roads or spreading on land in the local area or land filling. For disposal on site, the waste pit after it is filled up will be covered with impervious liner over which a thick layer of native top soil with proper top slope will be provided. If found hazardous, disposal can be done onsite or offsite as per the approval of the State Pollution Control Board or to dispose it in some existing secured landfill operating in the region.

Un-used As per GSR 546, the un-used drilling mud will be stored HSE Officer Check integrity of the ONGC Drilling Mud in 300 GSM HDPE lined bunded pit on site and solar cum HDPE lined pit. evaporated. coordinator

Drilling & All wastewater, which will be generated from washings & HSE Officer Check integrity of the ONGC

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Who is What needs to be Category Waste Type Proposed Action Responsible for Monitoring Reported? action? Wash spent mud will be contained in HDPE lined (300 GSM) cum HDPE lined pit. Volume Wastewater pits and will be solar evaporated, which is permissible as coordinator (cum) of wash wastewater per GSR 546. generated.

Chemical The treatment of the sludge so generated can be for pH HSE Officer Check integrity of the ONGC Sludge correction, if any, followed by dewatering either in cum HDPE lined pit. Volume (generated as a centrifuge and or solar evaporation. The treatment is to be coordinator (cum) of the sludge result of ensured in a pit properly lined with impervious HDPE generated. wastewater liner of 1.0 mm. Testing for stipulated treatment) Disposal is dependent on establishing non-hazardous or standards from recognized hazardous nature after the end of operations. Labs before deciding final disposal.

Oily Waste Used Oil Oil changing activity is allowed only at the rig site. Oil to HSE Officer Collection and storage of ONGC be collected in designated containers at the Rig site. cum oil. Used oil drums safely Ensure that the used oil drums are safely transported to coordinator transported and sent to the approved recycling contractor. approved recyclers.

Domestic Sewage Domestic wastewater (sewage and sullage) will be HSE Officer Dimensions of pits, ONGC Waste generated from each drilling site. The treatment proposed cum Integrity & maintenance of (Black Water) for the domestic water includes allowing domestic coordinator the pits, level of sewage in wastewater to pass into a septic tank to be provided at a the pits. drilling site. The septic tank will be constructed as per the Bureau of Indian Standard IS: 2470 (Part-1): 1985.

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Who is What needs to be Category Waste Type Proposed Action Responsible for Monitoring Reported? action? All Sewage to be channelized into septic tanks and soak pits. The disposal of the overflow from the septic tank will be done into a soak pit provided at the drilling site. The secondary treatment (soak pit) can be constructed as per the Bureau of Indian Standard IS: 2470 (Part-2): 1985.

Wastewater All gray water to be channelized into soak pits. Excess HSE Officer Dimensions of pits, ONGC from Kitchen waste water will be sprinkled on the project access road. cum Integrity & maintenance of and Laundry coordinator the pits, Level of gray water in the Pits. Check (Grey Water) availability of grease collection pit and frequent collection of grease, regular checking of wastewater level in the pit.

Food Waste To be properly segregated (no plastics, metal, glass in it) HSE Officer Construction of pits, daily ONGC and brought to the segregation pit. Dig two small humus cum disposal of organic waste pits (each of 2m x 2m x 1.5 m) within the camp site area coordinator and covering it with soil away from common use by rig crewmembers. The humus pits are to be covered with soil on daily basis to avoid any odour nuisance and flies or insects nuisance due to composting

Combustible To be properly segregated (no plastics, metal, glass in it) HSE Officer Ensure daily bringing of Waste (Paper. and brought to the segregation pit. Sent to recycling cum the waste to the pit.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Who is What needs to be Category Waste Type Proposed Action Responsible for Monitoring Reported? action? Rags, Packing contractor. coordinator Periodic sending of waste ONGC material) to Recycling Contractor.

Recyclable Tin packs, To be properly segregated and temporarily stored in HSE Officer Ensure daily collection of Waste plastic and segregation pit at well site. Deliver to Approved cum waste to the pit. glass bottles Recycling Contractor. coordinator Segregation and storing of and other waste at the site. metallic materials Sending of waste to Recycling Contractor.

Bio-Medical Medical waste To ensure the availability of specified boxes, use of Medical Segregation and Waste (waste syringe cutters. Waste to be properly separated and stored Doctor Transportation of waste as ONGC generated from temporarily at site separately from other wastes. Medical per Bio-Medical Waste First Aid waste to be transported to the hospital capable of handling (Management & Handling) Centre) waste. Rules, 2011.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

8.6 RESTORATION AND REHABILITATION The Restoration and Rehabilitation plan will identify all the activities which would be performed during the restoration of a particular site in case the well is not economically/commercially viable and no further use of that particular well bore is envisaged or even during well suspension. a. Well Abandonment After well testing and evaluation, a decision on whether to abandon or develop the well will be taken. If no indications of a commercial quantity of oil are encountered either before or after testing, the well will be declared dry, accordingly plugged and abandoned, and the site restored in line with local regulations and good industry practice. The abandon drill sites will be restore and rehabilitate as per the below Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Following SOP are based on the guidelines of DGMS, MoEF, SPCB, CPCB tec.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

b. Well Suspension After well testing and evaluation, if it is decided that the block is to be developed, the well site and the approach road will be maintained. The site will not be restored to its original condition until a decision is taken on the environmental assessment of the field development. Until then, the fencing will be left intact and the site sealed and protected. The road will be maintained but barriers installed at suitable locations will control access to it. Block Operator will provide a yearly environmental monitoring report for this period to the Regulatory Bodies for their information. The Report will consist of records of any activity, environmental issues, and the activities planned concerning the Block.

8.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) has been formulated to address the occupational health and safety related impacts that may arise from proposed project activities viz. Development drilling and testing operation of construction machinery/equipments, storage and handling of fuel and chemicals, operation of drilling rig and associated equipment, decommissioning/site closure. Following measures will be adopted for safe operations of the Drilling site:

 All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian Standards (IS) codes, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provisions and to the satisfaction of the site Engineer.

 Contractor workers involved in the handling of construction materials viz. borrow material, cement etc. will be provided with proper PPEs viz. safety boots, nose masks etc.

 Provision of ear plugs, ear muffs etc. and rotation of workers operating near high noise generating areas.

 Hazardous and risky areas, installations, materials, safety measures, emergency exits, etc. shall be appropriately marked.

 All chemicals and hazardous materials storage container will be properly labeled and marked according to national and internationally recognized requirements and standards.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or equivalent data/information in an easily understood language must be readily available to exposed workers and first-aid personnel.

 The workplace must be equipped with fire detectors, alarm systems and fire-fighting equipments. Equipments shall be periodically inspected and maintained to keep good working condition.

 Health problems of the workers will be taken care of by providing basic health care facilities through health centre in the vicinity.

 The sewage system for the DSA/Drill site must be properly designed, built and operated so that no health hazard occurs. Adequate sanitation facilities will be provided onsite for the operational workforce both during construction and operational phase of the project. Garbage bins will be provided in the DSA and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner.

 Training programs will be organized for the operational workforce regarding proper usage of PPEs, handling and storage of fuels and chemicals etc.

 Records will be maintained for all the above activities.

8.8 CAPITAL AND RECURRING COST FOR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES The existing facilities at Nambar ML area, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Ext. ML area, East Lakhibari ML area and Borholla ML area i.e. ETP, sewerage system, septic tanks, storage tanks etc will also be utilized for proposed project activities.

In view of this, the capital and recurring cost towards pollution control measures for proposed project is more of related to monitoring and maintenance of machineries/equipments.

The capital and recurring cost for each Drilling Location is given in Table 8.4. The capital cost is about INR 17, 62, 000 and the recurring cost is INR 28, 31, 000 for Pollution Control Measures.

Table 8.4: Capital and Recurring Cost for Pollution Control Measures

Total Recurring Pollution Control Measures S. No. Capital Cost Cost 1 Wastewater and effluent Management  Septic Tank 37,000 15,000  Water Quality Monitoring 40,000 2 Fuel, Lubricant and Chemical Management 15,00,000 65,000 3 Noise and Vibration Mitigation  Acoustic Enclosure and Personal Protective 1,75,000 Equipments  Noise Monitoring 35,000  Maintenance cost of equipments 58,000 4 Solid Waste Management 50,000 - 5 Air emission mitigation  Maintenance of D.G. sets - 21,50,000  Air monitoring 1,25,000

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

Total Recurring Pollution Control Measures S. No. Capital Cost Cost 6 Soil Quality - 43,000 7 Training to Staff - 1,25,000 8 General Awareness in Local Public - 1,75,000 Total 17,62,000 28,31,000

The costs are calculated based on the current charges of an accredited laboratory/consultant/ contractor to perform the above said work.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

SUMMARY AND 9 CONCLUSION

9.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

ONGC had proposed On-shore Developmental Drilling of Eight (08) wells in Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension Mining lease areas in the Golaghat district and Four (04) wells in Borholla Mining lease area in the Jorhat district of Assam State.

The environment status of the drill site and the Borholla ML area of 32.116 sq. km. and Nambar, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Khoraghat Extension ML areas of 120.5 sq. km., is delineated with respect to air, noise, soil, water, biological and socio-economic environment. The different project activities are identified and evaluated on the basis of primary and secondary data collection through field investigations, environment monitoring and from secondary sources viz. maps, reports, scientific literatures etc. A summary of the identified impacts are given in the following paragraphs.

In the pre drilling phase, different construction activities (land clearance, earth work, site grading etc.), movement of vehicles (for transportation of raw materials), operation of generators and other associated project activities will have impact on air, water, soil, flora, fauna and surrounding communities. On the other hand, during operation phase, operation of generators, gas compressors etc; flaring, discharge of wastewater and movement of vehicles will affect the air, noise, soil, ecology and social environment.

With respect to occupational health, impacts are anticipated on the health of the employees during operation phase. Personnel working near the noise generating machines, DG sets, flare and hazardous waste storage area are more susceptible to health hazards.

However, all these impacts can be overcome with the proposed mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 4 and Chapter 8. Overall; this project will bring economic benefits, increase energy security of the country and generate employment opportunities.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

DISCLOSURE OF 10 CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

10.1 INTRODUCTION

Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. (ACE) is an independent consulting company in the field of Water and Environment Engineering with its headquarters located in New Delhi, India. ACE provides Consulting Services and Sustainable Solutions for Infrastructure Projects (Roads, Railways, Ports, Hydropower, Water Resources and Other Urban Infrastructural Plan Outs), Industrial Projects (Refineries, Petrochemicals, Gas Pipelines, Offshore and Onshore Oil & Gas Exploration, Fertilizers, Steel Plants, Power Plants, Textiles, Hotels, Distilleries and Tanneries) And Social Development Projects. ACE is committed to provide consultancy services of International Quality at local costs to suit its client’s requirements. ACE believes that the key to success is the ability to work effectively with clients to understand, define, and resolve their environmental concerns. ACE offers technical talent, specialized expertise, physical resources, and requisite facilities that are important in responding to water and environmental issues, the world faces today. The quality of work and timely completion of project are of paramount importance in each assignment that ACE undertakes. We, at ACE, know what makes for a successful project. Clients turn to ACE because  We understand the issue at hand  Have the required experience and expertise to develop unique solutions  Complete work on time and within budget  Work towards client satisfaction ACE offers this combination of quality and performance through its professionals, managers and Support Personnel. Our People are equipped with state-of-the-art technologies and they are motivated to implement the project to the satisfaction of the Client.

10.2 QUALITY OF SERVICES

ACE is committed to providing a high quality consultancy service. As a recognition of same, ACE has been awarded ISO 9001: 2008 certified (Certificate no: 22340/10/S) by RINA, to provide consultancy services for Water Supply, Waste Water Treatment, Municipal Solid Waste Management, Environment And Social Impact Assessment, Environment Impact And Audit, Remote Sensing And Geographical Information Systems. In addition to this, ACE is also accredited with Quality Council of India (QCI) (Certificate No.: NABET/EIA/1013/012) for preparation of EIA of Onshore and Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Development and Transportation of Oil and Gas through Pipelines (Category A).

10.3 AREA OF SPECIALIZATION

 Water Resources Engineering  Water Supply  Wastewater Management Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 10-1

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Development Drilling of Wells in Onshore ML areas of Jorhat and Golaghat Districts, Assam

 Urban Environment Improvement  Environmental Management  Social Development  GIS and Remote Sensing

10.4 RESOURCES

Panel of Experts ACE has Experts in the following specialized areas:  Water supply engineering  Water resources engineering  Wastewater engineering  Solid waste management  Public Health and Sanitation  Environmental Management  Forestry and Wildlife  Environmental modeling  Fisheries  Aquaculture  Social development Infrastructural Resources Following facilities are available with ACE:  Air quality models  Noise quality models  Water quality models  Water distribution analysis software  Sewer network analysis software Software Availability  AERMOD  CALINE4  Erdas Imagine  Arc GIS  AutoCAD  Map Info

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FORM 1

Developmental Drilling at Golaghat District by ONGC Ltd

I Basic Information:

Sl Item Detail 1. Name of the project/s Development drilling of 8 wells in Nambar , East Lakhibari and Khoraghat Oil and Gas Field in Golaghat District, Assam 2. S. No in the Schedule 1(b) 3. Proposed Capacity/ area/length/ tonnage to be 1. Nambar ML Area 26 Sq km (Approx) handled/ command area/ lease area/ number of wells 2. East Lakhibari ML Area 8.5 Sq km to be drilled (Approx) 3. Khoraghat ML Area 3 Sq km (Approx) 4. Khoraghat Extension ML Area 83 Sq km (Approx) 4. New/Expansion/ Modernization Expansion 5. Existing capacity/Area etc. NA 6. Category of Project i.e. ‘A’ or ‘B’ A 7. Does it attract the general condition? If yes, please No specify. 8. Does it attract the specific condition? If yes, please No specify. 9. Location Golaghat District Plot/Survey/Khasra No Village Tehsil District Golaghat State Assam 10. Nearest railway station/airport along with distance in Furkating Railway station / Jorhat kms. airport 11. Nearest Town, city, District Headquarters along with Golaghat Town distance in kms. 12. Village Panchayats, Zilla Parishad, Municipal Chief Executive Officer Corporation, Local body (Complete postal addresses Golaghat Zila Parishad with telephone nos. to be given Golaghat, Assam

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Sl Item Detail 13. Name of the applicant Sub-Surface Manager, Assam Asset 14. Registered Address ONGC Ltd, 124 Indira Chowk Connaught Place, New Delhi 110001 15. Address for correspondence Name B.K.Baruah Designation Asset Manager Address ONGC Nazira, Sivasagar Pin Code 785685 E-mail [email protected] Telephone No. 03772-252300 Fax No 03772-252243 16. Details of Alternative Sites Examined, if any location of No these sites should be shown on topo sheet. 17. Interlinked Project No 18. Whether separate application for interlinked project N/A has been submitted? 19. If yes, date of submission N/A 20. If no, reason N/A 21. Whether the proposal involves approval/ clearance Yes under: if yes, details of same and their status to be The Forest (conservation) Act. 1980 given. The Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972 (a) The Forest(Conservation) Act, 1980 Approval/ Clearance to be obtained (b) The Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972 (c) The C.R.Z Notification 22. Whether there is any Government Order/Policy No relevant/relating to the site 23. Forest land involved Yes 24. Whether there is any litigation pending against the N/A project and/or land in which the project is proposed to set up? (a) Name of the Court (b) Case No (c) Orders/ directions of the Court, if any and its relevance with the project

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II Activity 1. Construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involving actions, which will cause physical changes in the locality (topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc.)

S. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No Details thereof (with approximate No. quantities / rates, wherever possible) with source of information data

1.1 Permanent or temporary change in land use, land Yes There will be a permanent change in cover or topography including increase in land use. However land will be restored intensity of land use (with respect to local land after drilling. use plan)

1.2 Clearance of existing land, vegetation and Yes Approximately 2 Ha land will have to be buildings? cleared for each drilling locations and its associated activities.

1.3 Creation of new land uses? Yes Same as Sl. No. 1.1 above

1.4 Pre-construction investigations e.g. bore houses, No Hard field area. Normally soil testing soil testing? not essential for shallow / temporary foundation for deployment of rig.

1.5 Construction works? Yes Construction of plinth area, foundation for rig & its accessories, temporary sheds, cellar pit and cutting retainer pits as per standard lay-out drawing of the drilling rig. 1.6 Demolition works? No

1.7 Temporary sites used for construction works or Yes Construction workers will stay in housing of construction workers? temporary camps.

1.8 Above ground buildings, structures or earthworks Yes Earth filling is required to prepare including linear structures, cut and fill or plinth. excavations

1.9 Underground works including mining or Yes The well bore hole will be drilled up to a tunneling? maximum depth of 3500m each.

1.10 Reclamation works? No

1.11 Dredging? No

1.12 Offshore structures? No

1.13 Production and manufacturing processes? Yes Oil Gas produced will be processed in existing GGS Production testing of each well will require at least about15 days

1.14 Facilities for storage of goods or materials? Yes Mechanical and drilling spares and drilling chemicals in temporary sheds.

1.15 Facilities for treatment or disposal of solid waste Yes Solid waste / drilled rock cuttings will be

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or liquid effluents? confined within the waste pit.

1.16 Facilities for long term housing of operational No Rig workers are operating on 14 days workers? on/off pattern from their respective hometowns.

1.17 New road, rail or sea traffic during construction or Yes Approach roads will have to be operation? constructed for al the drilling locations for movement of men and materials to the sites.

1.18 New road, rail, air waterborne or other transport No infrastructure including new or altered routes and stations, ports, airports etc?

1.19 Closure or diversion of existing transport routes or No Partial closure of existing routes may be infrastructure leading to changes in traffic required for very short periods on movements? account of improvement of road condition. However, it will not lead to any major change of the existing route or traffic system. 1.20 New or diverted transmission lines or pipelines? No

1.21 Impoundment, damming, culverting, realignment No or other changes to the hydrology of watercourses or aquifers?

1.22 Stream crossings? Yes Stream crossing if any, will be done by building suitable culverts or bailey bridge.

1.23 Abstraction or transfers of water form ground or Yes Surface water / Bore wells as per surface waters? requirement/availability.

1.24 Changes in water bodies or the land surface No affecting drainage or run-off?

1.25 Transport of personnel or materials for Yes Rig personal operate from the drill site construction, operation or decommissioning? accommodation (bunk houses)

1.26 Long-term dismantling or decommissioning or No restoration works?

1.27 Ongoing activity during decommissioning which No could have an impact on the environment?

1.28 Influx of people to an area in either temporarily or Yes Temporary. Movement of Field permanently? personnel during drilling operations.

1.29 Introduction of alien species? No

1.30 Loss of native species or genetic diversity? No

1.31 Any other actions? Nil

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2. Use of Natural resources for construction or operation of the Project (such as land, water, materials or energy, especially any resources which are non-renewable or in short supply): S. No. Information / checklist confirmation Yes / No Details thereof (with approximate quantities /rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 2.1 Land especially undeveloped or agricultural land yes Nearly 2.2 Ha of land for each drilling (ha) location will be required.

2.2 Water (expected source & competing users) Yes 20-25 m3 / day for Drilling unit: KLD

2.3 Minerals (MT) Nil

2.4 Construction material – stone, aggregates, and / Yes Sand / Stone / Cement 100 Tonnes from soil (expected source – MT) nearby dealers

2.5 Forests and timber (source – MT) No

2.6 Energy including electricity and fuels (source, Yes 6 KL./day (Diesel for running captive competing users) Unit: fuel (MT), energy (MW) Gensets) - Drilling rigs

2.7 Any other natural resources (use appropriate No standard units)

3. Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials, which could be harmful to human health or the environment or raise concerns about actual or perceived risks to human health.

S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes / No Details thereof (with approximate quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 3.1 Use of substances or materials, which are No hazardous (as per MSIHC rules) to human health or the environment (flora, fauna, and water supplies) 3.2 Changes in occurrence of disease or affect No disease vectors (e.g. insect or water borne diseases) 3.3 Affect the welfare of people e.g. by changing No living conditions? 3.4 Vulnerable groups of people who could be No affected by the project e.g. hospital patients, children, the elderly etc., 3.5 Any other causes Nil

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4. Production of solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning (MT/month) Details thereof (with approximate Yes/ S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source No of information data 4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine wastes Yes Drilled cuttings generated will be about 212 m3 during the drilling over a period of 40-45 days 4.2 Municipal waste (domestic and or No Septic tank will be provided for toilets in the drill commercial wastes) site (Sewage about 10 m3/day 4.3 Hazardous wastes (as per Hazardous Waste Yes 1. Spent oil Management Rules) 2. Waste Drilling mud 4.4 Other industrial process wastes Nil 4.5 Surplus product Nil 4.6 Sewage sludge or other sludge from effluent Yes Oily sludge will be collected and disposed by treatment bioremediation 4.7 Construction or demolition wastes Will be disposed of for in surface hardening within drill site area. 4.8 Redundant machinery or equipment Nil 4.9 Contaminated soils or other materials Nil Will be confined in impermeable waste pit within the drill site area. 4.10 Agricultural wastes Nil 4.11 Other solid wastes Nil

5. Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air (Kg/hr)

Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation No quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 5.1 Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels Yes Emissions from Captive Gensets (Rating: 6 x 750 from stationary or mobile sources KW) Only 3 units will be normally operated for drilling rig. Yes If the well is hydrocarbon bearing during 5.2 Emissions from production processes production testing flaring of well fluids for a short period of time. 5.3 Emissions from materials handling including No storage or transport 5.4 Emissions from construction activities Nil including plant and equipment 5.5 Dust or odors from handling of materials Nil including construction materials, sewage and waste 5.6 Emissions from incineration of waste Nil 5.7 Emissions from burning of waste in open air Nil (e.g. slash materials, construction debris) 5.8 Emissions from any other sources Nil

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6. Generation of Noise and Vibration, and Emissions of Light and Heat: Details thereof (with approximate Yes/No quantities/rates, wherever possible) S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation with source of information data with source of information data

6.1 From operation of equipment e.g. engines, Yes Within 75 dB ventilation plant, crushers Noise levels within permissible limits (Personal Protective Equipment will be provided if required)

6.2 From industrial or similar processes Yes Within 75 dB

6.3 From construction or demolition Nil

6.4 From blasting or piling Nil 6.5 From construction or operational traffic Nil 6.6 From lighting or cooling systems Nil

6.7 From any other sources Nil

7. Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants into the ground or into sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea:

S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No Details thereof (with approximate quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 7.1 From handling, storage, use or spillage of No All effluents will be confined within hazardous materials impermeable waste pits 7.2 From discharge of sewage or other effluents to No -do- water or the land (expected mode and place of discharge) 7.3 By deposition of pollutants emitted to air into the No land or into water

7.4 From any other sources No

7.5 Is there a risk of long term build up of pollutants No Development drilling is a temporary in the environment from these sources? activity lasting 2 to 3 months.

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8. Risk of accidents during construction or operation of the Project, which could affect human health or the environment Details thereof (with approximate quantities/rates, wherever possible) S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No with source of information data

8.1 From explosions, spillages, fires etc from storage, Nil handling, use or production of hazardous substances 8.2 From any other causes Yes Development drilling has the potential risk of blow outs which will be handled as per existing contingency plan. 8.3 Could the project be affected by natural disasters Yes causing environmental damage (e.g. floods, earthquakes, landslides, cloudburst etc)?

9. Factors which should be considered (such as consequential development) which could lead to environmental effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with other existing or planned activities in the locality Details thereof (with approximate S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 9.1 Lead to development of supporting facilities, ancillary development or development stimulated Yes If the Development drilling is successful by the project which could have impact on the supporting infrastructure road, power environment e.g.: supply will be developed. • Supporting infrastructure (roads, power supply, waste or waste water treatment, etc.) • housing development • extractive industries • supply industries • other 9.2 Lead to after-use of the site, which could have an No impact on the environment

9.3 Set a precedent for later developments Nil

9.4 Have cumulative effects due to proximity to other Nil No industries is nearby existing or planned projects with similar effects

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III. Environmental Sensitivity:

Name/ Aerial distance (within 15 km.) Proposed S. No. Areas Identity project location boundary

1 Areas protected under international conventions, None national or local legislation for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value

2 Areas which are important or sensitive for None ecological reasons -Wetlands, watercourses or other water bodies, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains, forests

3 Areas used by protected, important or sensitive Nil species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration

4 Inland, coastal, marine or underground waters Nil

5 State, National boundaries No

6 Routes or facilities used by the public for access None to recreation or other tourist, pilgrim areas

7 Defence installations Nil

8 Densely populated or built-up area No

9 Areas occupied by sensitive man-made land uses No (hospitals, schools, places of worship, community facilities) 10 Areas containing important, high quality or scarce Nil resources (ground water resources, surface resources, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals) 11 Areas already subjected to pollution or N/A environmental damage. (those where existing legal environmental standards are exceeded) 12 Areas susceptible to natural hazard which could Nil cause the project to present environmental problems (earthquakes, subsidence, landslides, erosion, flooding or extreme or adverse climatic conditions)

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IV Proposed Terms of Reference for EIA studies

1. Project techno-economic feasibility 2. Justification for locations considered for development drilling 3. Baseline studies for Air / water quality in the proposed development drilling locations. 4. Site specific data collection for air / water quality within the vicinity of the drill site 5. Socio-economic impact of development drilling activity. 6. Identification of environmental impacts and mitigation measures

7. Environment management plan for the proposed drilling.

I hereby give undertaking that the data and information given in the application and enclosures are true to the best of my knowledge and belief and I am aware that if any part of the data and information submitted is found to be misleading at any stage the project will be rejected and clearance give , if any to the project will be revoked at our risk and cost

Date: Place:

Page 10 of 10 Prefeasibility Report

Development Drilling for 8 wells in Golaghat District by ONGC Ltd

Introduction

ONGC owns and operates in 3 main oil fields (ML areas) viz., Nambar, Lakhibari & Khoraghat located in Golaghat district of Assam state. Though these oil fields have been established, they need to be developed through drilling at various locations.

The Nambar ML area covers 26 Sq. Km of South Assam Shelf Block in South Namabar reserve forest area of Golaghat district, Assam. For development of Nambar oil field 4 drilling locations are proposed to be drilled in the said ML area. Two locations NRDJ and NRDK have already been released by ONGC. The East Lakhibari ML area covers 8.5 Sq. Km of South Assam Shelf Block of Golaghat district, Assam. For development of this field, 1 developmental drilling location namely ELDA is required to be drilled. The Khoraghat ML and Khoraghat Extension ML area covers 3 & 83 Sq. Km respectively of South Assam Shelf Block in Khoraghat area of Golaghat district, Assam. For the development of these fields, 3 developmental wells are proposed to be drilled in the area.

The proposed drilling activities will lead to enhanced production of hydrocarbons which will cater to the growing demand of oil and gas in the country.

1.1 Description of Area

ML Block Area (Km2) Wells Latitude Longitude Depth NRDJ 26o 2' 51.233” 93o 53' 09.576 2009 Nambar 26 NRDK 260 03’40.051” 93o 54’ 18.433 2129 2 unnamed - - - East Lakhibari 8.5 ELDA 26o22'02.917” 94o02'45.670 1980 Khoraghat 3 3 unnamed - - - Khoraghat Extension 83

Page 1 of 11 1.2 Proposed Project

Nambar field, discovered in 1999, is a multi-reservoir field situated south-west of Khoraghat in South Assam Shelf. The field has five pay sands (named from top: N-10, N-20, N-30, N-40 and N- 50) which belong to Lower Bokabil Formation of Miocene age. Nambar, an important hydrocarbon-producing field of South Assam shelf was discovered in the year 1999 and came into commercial production since March, 1999. Oil was struck at the first well Khoraghat#11 (later renamed as Nambar#1(NR-01) drilled on the structure. Free gas was tested only in 1 well (NR-02). Nambar Field is characterized by the presence of multi-layered hydrocarbon reservoirs belonging to Lower Bokabil Formation. For development of the field 2 Development locations are currently available which namely NRDJ & NRDK. In addition to that 2 more locations are also proposed to be drilled.

The East Lakhibari ML area covers 8.5 Sq. Km of South Assam Shelf Block of Golaghat district, Assam. For development of the field, it is proposed to drill 1 well namely ELDA. The proposed location is for augmentation of production of oil and gas from established East Lakhibari field in Golaghat district of Assam. The expected oil is 30 m3/d.

The Khoraghat field lie in the southern fringe of Upper Assam in Dhansiri Valley. Khoraghat field was discovered in 1989 through exploratory well KH#1(KGP#1). Proved Oil in Place (OIIP) reserves has been estimated as 9.6 MT and ultimate recoverable reserves has been estimated to be as 1.96 MMT with a recovery factor of 20%. For development of this field, it is proposed to drill 3 wells in the area to augment production of oil and gas from established Khoraghat field in Golaghat district of Assam.

1.3 Project Justification

It is expected that the proposed drilling activities lead to further development of Khoraghat field which will augment the production of hydrocarbons, in the present scenario of growing demand of oil and gas in the country.

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1.4 Drilling Operations

ONGC owned electrical type rigs are proposed to be deployed for undertaking drilling in the block. The technical details of the proposed drilling activity are given below:

No. of additional wells to be drilled 8 Duration of Drilling 2-3 months for each well Qty. of drilling fluid. About 700 M³ for each well Qty. of cuttings, cu.m. 225 M³for each well Qty. of drlg. Waste water, cu.m. 1000 M³ for each well Cp-3 2 to 3 days Test flaring, duration Flare Details: Confined to the oil pit

Details of the drilling rig proposed to be deployed Type of rig Electrical Rig Drilling mud composition Water based Drilling Fluid Power generator type & nos. AC – SCR Type. (06 Nos.) Diesel consumption 6 M3 / Day for each well Qty. of fresh water requirement & 1000 M3. Transported from nearby source through source contractor Manpower on rig 25 per shift of 12 Hrs. Two shifts / day Material requirement & Mobilization From ONGC base in Jorhat / Sivasagar/Nazira Shale Shakers - 1200 GPM Capacity Details of solids handling system on rig Desander – 1200 GPM Capacity Desilter – 1200 GPM Capacity 30’ x 33’ x 5’ - 2 Nos. Waste Pit availability & Size 38’ x 33’ x 5’ – 1 No. 23’ x 20’ x 5’ – 1 No. Oil Pit availability & Size 3’ x 3’ x 4’ – 1 No.

Page 3 of 11 Only water based drilling mud will be used. The quantity of drill cuttings generated will be 3 3 around 212 m . The quantity of wastewater produced will be about 15 m /day. The rig will be provided with solids handling system comprising Shale shakers (1200 GPM), Desander (1200 GPM) and Desilter (1200 GPM) and Degasser with vacuum pump.

Drilling operations will be carried out using an electrical type. Drilling unit for drilling of oil and gas wells consists of a derrick at the top of which is mounted a crown block and a hoisting block with a hook. From the swivel is suspended a Kelly stem passes through a square or hexagonal Kelly bush which fits into the rotary table. The rotary table receives the power to drive it from an electric motor. The electric motor rotates the rotary table which passes through the Kelly bush and the rotations are transmitted to the bit as the drilling progresses, the drill pipe in singles are added to continue the drilling process. At the end of the bit life, the drill pipes are pulled out in stands and stacked on the derrick platform. A stand normally has 3 single drill pipes. After changing the bit, the drill string is run back into the hole and further drilling is continued. This process continues till the target depth is reached.

During the course of drilling, cuttings are generated due to crushing action of the bit. These cuttings are removed by flushing the well with duplex/triplex mud pumps. The mud from the pump discharge through the rotary hose connected to stationary part of the swivel, the drill string and bit nozzles. The mud coming out of the bit nozzles pushes the cuttings up hole and transports them to the surface through the annular space between the drill string and the hole. The mud not only carries away crushed rock from the bottom of the hole but it also cools the bit as it gets heated due to friction with formation while rotating. The mud also helps in balancing subsurface formation pressures and by forming a cake on the walls of the well diminishes the possibility of crumbling or caving of the well bore.

At the surface, the mud coming out from well along with the cuttings falls in a trough, passes through the solids control equipments i.e. shale shaker, de-sander and de-silter. These equipments remove the solids of different sizes which get mixed with the mud during the course of drilling. The cleaned mud flows back to the suction tanks to be again pumped into the well. The drilling mud/fluid circulation is thus a continuous cyclic operation. The most suitable clay for mud preparation is bentonite which is capable of forming highly dispersed colloidal

Page 4 of 11 solutions. Various other chemicals are also used in mud preparation as per requirements dictated by the temperature/pressure conditions of the wells. The mud is continuously tested for its density, viscosity, yield point, water loss, pH value etc. to ensure that the drilling operations can be sustained without any down hole complications.

1.5 Drilling Facilities

Drilling is a temporary activity which will continue for about 45 days for each well in the block. The rigs are self-contained for all routine jobs. Once the drilling operations are completed, and if sufficient indications of hydrocarbons are noticed while drilling, the well is tested by perforation in the production casing. This normally takes 2-3 days. If the well is found to be a successful hydrocarbon bearing structure, it is sealed off for future development, if any.

1.6 General Requirements of Drilling

Exploratory drilling programme requires the following common facilities:

a. Drilling muds

Drilling of wells requires specially formulated muds which basically comprise inert earth materials like bentonite, barite in water with several additives to give mud weight, fluidity and filter cake characteristics while drilling. The drilling muds have several functions like lubrication and cooling of the drill bit, balancing subsurface formation, bringing out the drill cuttings from the well bore, thixotropic property to hold cuttings during non- operations, formation of thin cake to prevent liquid loss along well bore etc. Several additives are mixed into the mud system to give the required properties. Water based mud will be used to the possible extent in exploratory drilling but use of synthetic based mud may require due to complexities associated with the geological formations and associated hole stability problems. The constituents of water based mud (WBM) are given in Table 1.2. The special additives and their functions in WBM are shown in Table 1.3.

Page 5 of 11 b. Power Generation

The drilling process requires movement of drill bit through the draw works which require power. The power requirement of the drilling rig will be met by using the six Diesel Generator sets with a diesel consumption of about 06 Kl/day. The exhaust stacks of the DG sets are likely to vent the emissions. c. Water requirements

The water requirement in a drilling rig is mainly meant for preparation of drilling mud apart from washings and domestic use. While the former consumes the majority of water requirement, the water requirement for domestic and wash use is very less. The daily water consumption will be 25 m3/d of which 15 m3/d will be used for mud preparation and 10 m3/d will be used for domestic purposes including drinking. d. Domestic wastewater

The operating personnel in the drilling rigs will operate from drill site accommodation (DSA) in the vicinity of the location. Suitable soak pits will be available at the DSA. e. Solids removal

The rock cuttings and fragments of shale, sand and silt associated with the return drilling fluid during well drilling will be separated using shale shakers and other solids removal equipment like desanders and desilters. The recovered mud will be reused while the rejected solids will be collected and discharged into the waste pit. f. Drill cuttings and waste residual muds

During drilling operations, approx 212 m3 per well of wet drill cuttings are expected to be generated from each well depending on the type of formation and depth of drilling. In addition to the cuttings 15-20 m3/day of wastewater is likely to be generated during well drilling. The waste residual muds and drill cuttings which contain clay, sand etc. will be disposed into the waste pit.

Page 6 of 11 g. Testing

Testing facilities will be available at drilling rig for separation of liquid phase and burning of all hydrocarbons during testing. The test flare boom will be located at a distance from the drilling rig.

h. Chemical storage

The drilling rig will have normal storage facilities for fuel oil, required chemicals and the necessary tubulars and equipment. The storage places will be clearly marked with safe operating facilities and practices.

i. Manpower

The drilling rig will be operated by approx. 30 persons on the rig at anytime. The manpower will operate in two shifts with continuous operations on the rig.

j. Logistics

Crew transfers to and from the drilling rig, materials, diesel and chemicals will be through light vehicles, trucks and trailers.

1.7 Production

After successful drilling of the wells, the produced oil & gas will be transported to Nambar GGS, Khoraghat GGS through flowlines for further treatment and dispatch.

In Lakhibari Field, the produced oil & gas from the wells will be transported to Borhalla GGS through tankers.

1.8 Project Investment

The total cost of drilling of 8 wells including daily drilling rates, consumables, well accessories etc. will approximately be about Rs. 160 Crores.

Page 7 of 11

Page 8 of 11 Table 1.1 Coordinates of ML Blocks

Co-ordinates Name of the ML Area Latitude Longitude Sl Boundary Block (Sq Km) points Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec.

1 Nambar 26 N 1 26 05 47.57 93 53 12.37 N 2 26 04 46.23 93 56 07.45 N 3 26 04 09.43 93 55 19.34 N 4 26 03 25.27 93 56 03.89 N 5 26 02 31.29 93 55 37.16 N 6 26 02 37.43 93 52 05.45

2 East Lakhibari 8.5 1 A 26 22 50.45 94 02 55.50 2 B 26 22 05.45 94 04 25.50 3 C 26 21 04.09 94 03 31.50 4 D 26 22 07.20 94 00 54.00 1 A 26 22 50.45 94 02 55.50 1 A 26 22 50.45 94 02 55.50 2 B 26 22 05.45 94 04 25.50

3 Khoraghat ML 3 1 A 26 04 09.43 93 55 19.34 2 B 26 04 46.23 93 56 07.45 3 C 26 04 05.34 93 56 52.89 4 D 26 03 25.27 93 56 03.89 1 A 26 04 09.43 93 55 19.34

4 Khoraghat Extn. ML 83 1 A 26 05 47.57 93 53 12.37 2 B 26 09 23.07 93 56 06.58 3 C 26 09 12.44 93 59 55.55 4 D 26 02 25.57 93 58 17.54 5 E 26 02 31.29 93 55 37.36 6 F 26 03 25.27 93 56 03.89 7 G 26 04 05.34 93 56 52.89 8 H 26 04 46.23 93 56 07.45 1 A 26 05 47.57 93 53 12.37

Page 9 of 11

Table 1.2 Ingredients of Water Based Drilling Fluid

S. No Chemicals

1 Barite 2 Bentonite 3 Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 4 Mud Thinner / Conditioner 5 Resinated Lignite 6 Non-Weighted Spotting Fluid 7 Weighted Spotting Fluid 8 EP Lube 9 Drilling Detergent 10 Caustic Soda 11 Potassium Chloride 12 Soda Ash

Page 10 of 11

Table 1.3 Special Additives and their Functions in Water-based Drilling Fluids

Sr. Discharge Category Exploration No 1 Sodium bicarbonate Eliminate excess calcium ions due to cement contamination 2 Sodium chloride Minimize borehole washout in salt zone 3 Groundnut shells, mica of cellophane Minimise loss of drilling mud to formation 4 Cellulose polymers or starch Counter thick, sticky filter cake, decrease filter loss to formation 5 Aluminium stearate Minimize foaming 6 Vegetable oil lubricant Reduce torque and drag on drill string 7 Pill of oil-based mud spotting fluid Counter differential pressure sticking of drilling string; Pill is placed down hole opposite contact zone to free pipe

Page 11 of 11

FORM 1

Developmental Drilling at Borholla by ONGC Ltd

I Basic Information:

Sl Item Detail 1. Name of the project/s Development drilling of 4 wells in Borholla Oil and Gas Field in Jorhat District, Assam 2. S. No in the Schedule 1(b) 3. Proposed Capacity/ area/length/ tonnage to be Area - Borholla ML area (32.116 Sq km) handled/ command area/ lease area/ number of wells Total Number of Wells – 4 to be drilled (BRDN, BRDO + 2 additional wells) 4. New/Expansion/ Modernization Expansion 5. Existing capacity/Area etc. NA 6. Category of Project i.e. ‘A’ or ‘B’ A 7. Does it attract the general condition? If yes, please No specify. 8. Does it attract the specific condition? If yes, please No specify. 9. Location Jorhat District Plot/Survey/Khasra No Village Tehsil District Jorhat State Assam 10. Nearest railway station/airport along with distance in Mariani Railway station / Jorhat airport kms. 11. Nearest Town, city, District Headquarters along with Jorhat Town distance in kms. 12. Village Panchayats, Zilla Parishad, Municipal Chief Executive Officer Corporation, Local body (Complete postal addresses Jorhat Zila Parishad with telephone nos. to be given Jorhat, Assam

13. Name of the applicant Sub-Surface Manager, Assam Asset

Page 1 of 10

Sl Item Detail 14. Registered Address ONGC Ltd, 124 Indira Chowk Connaught Place, New Delhi 110001 15. Address for correspondence Name B.K. Baruah Designation Asset Manager Address ONGC Nazira, Sivasagar Pin Code 785685 E-mail [email protected] Telephone No. 03772-252300 Fax No 03772-252243 16. Details of Alternative Sites Examined, if any location of No these sites should be shown on topo sheet. 17. Interlinked Project No 18. Whether separate application for interlinked project N/A has been submitted? 19. If yes, date of submission N/A 20. If no, reason N/A 21. Whether the proposal involves approval/ clearance N/A under: if yes, details of same and their status to be given. (a) The Forest(Conservation) Act, 1980 (b) The Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972 (c) The C.R.Z Notification 22. Whether there is any Government Order/Policy No relevant/relating to the site 23. Forest land involved Yes 24. Whether there is any litigation pending against the N/A project and/or land in which the project is proposed to set up? (a) Name of the Court (b) Case No (c) Orders/ directions of the Court, if any and its relevance with the project

Page 2 of 10

II Activity 1. Construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involving actions, which will cause physical changes in the locality (topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc.)

S. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No Details thereof (with approximate No. quantities / rates, wherever possible) with source of information data

1.1 Permanent or temporary change in land use, land Yes There will be a permanent change in cover or topography including increase in land use. However land will be restored intensity of land use (with respect to local land after drilling. use plan)

1.2 Clearance of existing land, vegetation and Yes Approximately 2 Ha land will have to be buildings? cleared for each drilling locations and its associated activities.

1.3 Creation of new land uses? Yes Same as Sl. No. 1.1 above

1.4 Pre-construction investigations e.g. bore houses, No Hard field area. Normally soil testing soil testing? not essential for shallow / temporary foundation for deployment of rig.

1.5 Construction works? Yes Construction of plinth area, foundation for rig & its accessories, temporary sheds, cellar pit and cutting retainer pits as per standard lay- out drawing of the drilling rig. 1.6 Demolition works? No

1.7 Temporary sites used for construction works or Yes Construction workers will stay in housing of construction workers? temporary camps.

1.8 Above ground buildings, structures or earthworks Yes Earth filling is required to prepare including linear structures, cut and fill or plinth. excavations

1.9 Underground works including mining or Yes The well bore hole will be drilled up to a tunneling? maximum depth of 3500m each.

1.10 Reclamation works? No

1.11 Dredging? No

1.12 Offshore structures? No

1.13 Production and manufacturing processes? Yes Oil Gas produced will be processed in existing GGS Production testing of each well will require at least about15 days

1.14 Facilities for storage of goods or materials? Yes Mechanical and drilling spares and drilling chemicals in temporary sheds.

1.15 Facilities for treatment or disposal of solid waste Yes Solid waste / drilled rock cuttings will be

Page 3 of 10

or liquid effluents? confined within the waste pit.

1.16 Facilities for long term housing of operational Rig workers are operating on 14 days workers? No on/off pattern from their respective hometowns.

1.17 New road, rail or sea traffic during construction or Yes Approach roads will have to be operation? constructed for al the drilling locations for movement of men and materials to the sites.

1.18 New road, rail, air waterborne or other transport infrastructure including new or altered routes and No stations, ports, airports etc?

1.19 Closure or diversion of existing transport routes or Partial closure of existing routes may be infrastructure leading to changes in traffic No required for very short periods on movements? account of improvement of road condition. However, it will not lead to any major change of the existing route or traffic system.

1.20 New or diverted transmission lines or pipelines? No

1.21 Impoundment, damming, culverting, realignment No or other changes to the hydrology of watercourses or aquifers?

1.22 Stream crossings? Stream crossing if any, will be done by Yes building suitable culverts or bailey bridge.

1.23 Abstraction or transfers of water form ground or Surface water / Bore wells as per surface waters? Yes requirement/availability.

1.24 Changes in water bodies or the land surface affecting drainage or run-off? No

1.25 Transport of personnel or materials for Rig personal operate from the drill site construction, operation or decommissioning? Yes accommodation (bunk houses)

1.26 Long-term dismantling or decommissioning or restoration works? No

1.27 Ongoing activity during decommissioning which could have an impact on the environment? No

1.28 Influx of people to an area in either temporarily or Yes Temporary. Movement of Field permanently? personnel during drilling operations.

1.29 Introduction of alien species? No

1.30 Loss of native species or genetic diversity? No

1.31 Any other actions? Nil

Page 4 of 10

2. Use of Natural resources for construction or operation of the Project (such as land, water, materials or energy, especially any resources which are non-renewable or in short supply): S. No. Information / checklist confirmation Yes / No Details thereof (with approximate quantities /rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 2.1 Land especially undeveloped or agricultural land yes Nearly 2.2 Ha of land for each drilling (ha) location will be required.

2.2 Water (expected source & competing users) Yes 20-25 m3 / day for Drilling unit: KLD

2.3 Minerals (MT) Nil

2.4 Construction material – stone, aggregates, and / Yes Sand / Stone / Cement 100 Tonnes from soil (expected source – MT) nearby dealers

2.5 Forests and timber (source – MT) No

2.6 Energy including electricity and fuels (source, Yes 6 KL./day (Diesel for running captive competing users) Unit: fuel (MT), energy (MW) Gensets) - Drilling rigs

2.7 Any other natural resources (use appropriate No standard units)

3. Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials, which could be harmful to human health or the environment or raise concerns about actual or perceived risks to human health.

S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes / No Details thereof (with approximate quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 3.1 Use of substances or materials, which are No hazardous (as per MSIHC rules) to human health or the environment (flora, fauna, and water supplies) 3.2 Changes in occurrence of disease or affect No disease vectors (e.g. insect or water borne diseases) 3.3 Affect the welfare of people e.g. by changing No living conditions? 3.4 Vulnerable groups of people who could be No affected by the project e.g. hospital patients, children, the elderly etc., 3.5 Any other causes Nil

Page 5 of 10

4. Production of solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning (MT/month) Details thereof (with approximate Yes/ S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source No of information data 4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine wastes Yes Drilled cuttings generated will be about 212 m3 during the drilling over a period of 40-45 days 4.2 Municipal waste (domestic and or No Septic tank will be provided for toilets in the drill commercial wastes) site (Sewage about 10 m3/day 4.3 Hazardous wastes (as per Hazardous Waste Yes 1. Spent oil Management Rules) 2. Waste Drilling mud 4.4 Other industrial process wastes Nil 4.5 Surplus product Nil 4.6 Sewage sludge or other sludge from effluent Yes Oily sludge will be collected and disposed by treatment bioremediation 4.7 Construction or demolition wastes Will be disposed of for in surface hardening within drill site area. 4.8 Redundant machinery or equipment Nil 4.9 Contaminated soils or other materials Nil Will be confined in impermeable waste pit within the drill site area. 4.10 Agricultural wastes Nil 4.11 Other solid wastes Nil

5. Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air (Kg/hr)

Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation No quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 5.1 Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels Yes Emissions from Captive Gensets (Rating: 6 x 750 from stationary or mobile sources KW) Only 3 units will be normally operated for drilling rig. Yes If the well is hydrocarbon bearing during 5.2 Emissions from production processes production testing flaring of well fluids for a short period of time. 5.3 Emissions from materials handling including No storage or transport 5.4 Emissions from construction activities Nil including plant and equipment 5.5 Dust or odors from handling of materials Nil including construction materials, sewage and waste 5.6 Emissions from incineration of waste Nil 5.7 Emissions from burning of waste in open air Nil (e.g. slash materials, construction debris) 5.8 Emissions from any other sources Nil

Page 6 of 10

6. Generation of Noise and Vibration, and Emissions of Light and Heat: Details thereof (with approximate Yes/No quantities/rates, wherever possible) S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation with source of information data with source of information data

6.1 From operation of equipment e.g. engines, Yes Within 75 dB ventilation plant, crushers Noise levels within permissible limits (Personal Protective Equipment will be provided if required)

6.2 From industrial or similar processes Yes Within 75 dB

6.3 From construction or demolition Nil

6.4 From blasting or piling Nil 6.5 From construction or operational traffic Nil 6.6 From lighting or cooling systems Nil

6.7 From any other sources Nil

7. Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants into the ground or into sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea:

S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No Details thereof (with approximate quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 7.1 From handling, storage, use or spillage of No All effluents will be confined within hazardous materials impermeable waste pits 7.2 From discharge of sewage or other effluents to No -do- water or the land (expected mode and place of discharge) 7.3 By deposition of pollutants emitted to air into the No land or into water

7.4 From any other sources No

7.5 Is there a risk of long term build up of pollutants No Development drilling is a temporary in the environment from these sources? activity lasting 2 to 3 months.

Page 7 of 10

8. Risk of accidents during construction or operation of the Project, which could affect human health or the environment Details thereof (with approximate quantities/rates, wherever possible) S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No with source of information data

8.1 From explosions, spillages, fires etc from storage, Nil handling, use or production of hazardous substances 8.2 From any other causes Yes Development drilling has the potential risk of blow outs which will be handled as per existing contingency plan. 8.3 Could the project be affected by natural disasters Yes causing environmental damage (e.g. floods, earthquakes, landslides, cloudburst etc)?

9. Factors which should be considered (such as consequential development) which could lead to environmental effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with other existing or planned activities in the locality Details thereof (with approximate S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No quantities/rates, wherever possible) with source of information data 9.1 Lead to development of supporting facilities, ancillary development or development stimulated Yes If the Development drilling is successful by the project which could have impact on the supporting infrastructure road, power environment e.g.: supply will be developed. • Supporting infrastructure (roads, power supply, waste or waste water treatment, etc.) • housing development • extractive industries • supply industries • other 9.2 Lead to after-use of the site, which could have an No impact on the environment

9.3 Set a precedent for later developments Nil

9.4 Have cumulative effects due to proximity to other Nil No industries is nearby existing or planned projects with similar effects

Page 8 of 10

III. Environmental Sensitivity:

Name/ Aerial distance (within 15 km.) Proposed S. No. Areas Identity project location boundary

1 Areas protected under international conventions, None national or local legislation for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value

2 Areas which are important or sensitive for None ecological reasons -Wetlands, watercourses or other water bodies, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains, forests

3 Areas used by protected, important or sensitive Nil species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration

4 Inland, coastal, marine or underground waters Nil

5 State, National boundaries No

6 Routes or facilities used by the public for access None to recreation or other tourist, pilgrim areas

7 Defence installations Nil

8 Densely populated or built-up area No

9 Areas occupied by sensitive man-made land uses No (hospitals, schools, places of worship, community facilities) 10 Areas containing important, high quality or scarce Nil resources (ground water resources, surface resources, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals) 11 Areas already subjected to pollution or N/A environmental damage. (those where existing legal environmental standards are exceeded) 12 Areas susceptible to natural hazard which could Nil cause the project to present environmental problems (earthquakes, subsidence, landslides, erosion, flooding or extreme or adverse climatic conditions)

Page 9 of 10

IV Proposed Terms of Reference for EIA studies

1. Project techno-economic feasibility 2. Justification for locations considered for development drilling 3. Baseline studies for Air / water quality in the proposed development drilling locations. 4. Site specific data collection for air / water quality within the vicinity of the drill site 5. Socio-economic impact of development drilling activity. 6. Identification of environmental impacts and mitigation measures 7. Environment management plan for the proposed drilling

I hereby give undertaking that the data and information given in the application and enclosures are true to the best of my knowledge and belief and I am aware that if any part of the data and information submitted is found to be misleading at any stage the project will be rejected and clearance give, if any to the project will be revoked at our risk and cost

Date: Place:

Page 10 of 10 Pre-feasibility Report Development Drilling for 4 wells in Borholla ML area by ONGC Ltd

Introduction

The Borholla ML. area covers 32.116 Sq. Km of South Assam Shelf Block in Golaghat district, Assam. During the year 2013-15, 4 development locations are planned to be taken up for drilling which falls in the ML area. It is expected that the proposed drilling activities will lead to augment the production of hydrocarbons in the present scenario of growing demand of oil and gas in the country.

1.1 Description of Contract Area

ML Block Area, km2 Wells Latitude Longitude Depth, m o o Borholla 32.116 BRDO 26 27' 13.25” 94 10' 26.17” 2722 BRDN 26o 26' 01.20” 94o 10' 9.39” 2700

2 unnamed - - -

1.2 Proposed Project

Based on the Studies carried out by Institute of Reservoir Studies, two development locations BRDN & BRDO are proposed to be drilled alongwith 2 more locations whose locations are yet to be finalised.

1.2.1 Geological setting of the area falling in Borholla ML Block. The Borholla filed is located about 35kms SSE of Jorhat, along the Naga hills. There are four oil bearing formations i.e. Basement, Basal Sandstone, Sylhet, Kopili, and two gas bearing formations i.e. Tipam and Girujan (from Bottom to top). Structurally, Borholla is a faulted anticline located on an E-W trending ridge, bounded to the North and South by deep grabens. Faults divide Borholla filed in to many faults blocks. The oil was discovered in basal sandstone in year 1970 through BR#04 and commercially production started in year 1981

Page 1 of 9 1.3 Project Justification It is expected that the proposed drilling activities lead to the accretion of the hydrocarbon reserves which will augment the production of hydrocarbons, in the present scenario of growing demand of oil and gas in the country.

1.4 Drilling Operations ONGC owned electrical type rigs are proposed to be deployed for undertaking drilling in the block. The technical details of the proposed drilling activity are given below:

Well location Borholla No. of wells to be drilled 4 Duration of Drilling 2-3 months for each well Qty. of drilling fluid. About 700 M³ for each well Qty. of cuttings, cu.m. 225 M³for each well Qty. of drlg. Waste water, cu.m. 1000 M³ for each well To take production from the well through existing Development plan in case of strike flowlines HC reserve (initial in place) 2.17 MMt Formation pressure 157.47 KSc 2 to 3 days Test flaring, duration Flare Details: Confined to the oil pit

Details of the drilling rig proposed to be deployed Type of rig Electrical Rig Drilling mud composition Water based Drilling Fluid Power generator type & nos. AC – SCR Type. (06 Nos.) Diesel consumption 6 M3 / Day for each well Qty. of fresh water requirement & 1000 M3. Transported from nearby source through source contractor Manpower on rig 25 per shift of 12 Hrs. Two shifts / day Material requirement & Mobilization From ONGC base in Jorhat / Sivasagar/Nazira Shale Shakers - 1200 GPM Capacity Details of solids handling system on rig Desander – 1200 GPM Capacity Desilter – 1200 GPM Capacity 30’ x 33’ x 5’ - 2 Nos. Waste Pit availability & Size 38’ x 33’ x 5’ – 1 No. 23’ x 20’ x 5’ – 1 No. Oil Pit availability & Size 3’ x 3’ x 4’ – 1 No.

Page 2 of 9 Only water based drilling mud will be used. The quantity of drill cuttings generated will be around 3 3 225 m . The quantity of wastewater produced will be about 15 m /day. The rig will be provided with solids handling system comprising Shale shakers (1200 GPM), Desander (1200 GPM) and Desilter (1200 GPM) and Degasser with vacuum pump.

Drilling operations will be carried out using an electrical type. Drilling unit for drilling of oil and gas wells consists of a derrick at the top of which is mounted a crown block and a hoisting block with a hook. From the swivel is suspended a Kelly stem passes through a square or hexagonal Kelly bush which fits into the rotary table. The rotary table receives the power to drive it from an electric motor. The electric motor rotates the rotary table which passes through the Kelly bush and the rotations are transmitted to the bit as the drilling progresses, the drill pipe in singles are added to continue the drilling process. At the end of the bit life, the drill pipes are pulled out in stands and stacked on the derrick platform. A stand normally has 3 single drill pipes. After changing the bit, the drill string is run back into the hole and further drilling is continued. This process continues till the target depth is reached.

During the course of drilling, cuttings are generated due to crushing action of the bit. These cuttings are removed by flushing the well with duplex/triplex mud pumps. The mud from the pump discharge through the rotary hose connected to stationary part of the swivel, the drill string and bit nozzles. The mud coming out of the bit nozzles pushes the cuttings up hole and transports them to the surface through the annular space between the drill string and the hole. The mud not only carries away crushed rock from the bottom of the hole but it also cools the bit as it gets heated due to friction with formation while rotating. The mud also helps in balancing subsurface formation pressures and by forming a cake on the walls of the well diminishes the possibility of crumbling or caving of the well bore.

At the surface, the mud coming out from well along with the cuttings falls in a trough, passes through the solids control equipments i.e. shale shaker, de-sander and de-silter. These equipments remove the solids of different sizes which get mixed with the mud during the course of drilling. The cleaned mud flows back to the suction tanks to be again pumped into the well. The drilling mud/fluid circulation is thus a continuous cyclic operation. The most suitable clay for mud preparation is bentonite which is capable of forming highly dispersed colloidal solutions. Various other chemicals are also used in mud preparation as per requirements dictated by the

Page 3 of 9 temperature/pressure conditions of the wells. The mud is continuously tested for its density, viscosity, yield point, water loss, pH value etc. to ensure that the drilling operations can be sustained without any down hole complications.

1.5 Drilling Facilities

Drilling is a temporary activity which will continue for about 2-3 months for each well in the block. The rigs are self-contained for all routine jobs. Once the drilling operations are completed, and if sufficient indications of hydrocarbons are noticed while drilling, the well is tested by perforation in the production casing. This normally takes 2-3 days. If the well is found to be a successful hydrocarbon bearing structure, it is sealed off for future development, if any.

1.6 General Requirements of Drilling

Exploratory drilling programme requires the following common facilities:

a. Drilling muds

Drilling of wells requires specially formulated muds which basically comprise inert earth materials like bentonite, barite in water with several additives to give mud weight, fluidity and filter cake characteristics while drilling. The drilling muds have several functions like lubrication and cooling of the drill bit, balancing subsurface formation, bringing out the drill cuttings from the well bore, thixotropic property to hold cuttings during non-operations, formation of thin cake to prevent liquid loss along well bore etc. Several additives are mixed into the mud system to give the required properties. Water based mud will be used to the possible extent in exploratory drilling but use of synthetic based mud may require due to complexities associated with the geological formations and associated hole stability problems. The constituents of water based mud (WBM) are given in Table 1.2. The special additives and their functions in WBM are shown in Table 1.3.

b. Power Generation

The drilling process requires movement of drill bit through the draw works which require power. The power requirement of the drilling rig will be met by using the six Diesel Generator

Page 4 of 9 sets with a diesel consumption of about 06 Kl/day. The exhaust stacks of the DG sets are likely to vent the emissions. c. Water requirements

The water requirement in a drilling rig is mainly meant for preparation of drilling mud apart from washings and domestic use. While the former consumes the majority of water requirement, the water requirement for domestic and wash use is very less. The daily water consumption will be 25 m3/d of which 15 m3/d will be used for mud preparation and 10 m3/d will be used for domestic purposes including drinking. d. Domestic wastewater

The operating personnel in the drilling rigs will operate from drill site accommodation (DSA) in the vicinity of the location. Suitable soak pits will be available at the DSA. e. Solids removal

The rock cuttings and fragments of shale, sand and silt associated with the return drilling fluid during well drilling will be separated using shale shakers and other solids removal equipment like desanders and desilters. The recovered mud will be reused while the rejected solids will be collected and discharged into the waste pit. f. Drill cuttings and waste residual muds

During drilling operations, approx. 225 m3 per well of wet drill cuttings are expected to be generated from each well depending on the type of formation and depth of drilling. In addition to the cuttings 15-20 m3/day of wastewater is likely to be generated during well drilling. The waste residual muds and drill cuttings which contain clay, sand etc. will be disposed into the waste pit. g. Testing

Testing facilities will be available at drilling rig for separation of liquid phase and burning of all hydrocarbons during testing. The test flare boom will be located at a distance from the drilling rig. h. Chemical storage

Page 5 of 9 The drilling rig will have normal storage facilities for fuel oil, required chemicals and the necessary tubulars and equipment. The storage places will be clearly marked with safe operating facilities and practices.

i. Manpower

The drilling rig will be operated by approx. 30 persons on the rig at anytime. The manpower will operate in two shifts with continuous operations on the rig.

j. Logistics

Crew transfers to and from the drilling rig, materials, diesel and chemicals will be through light vehicles, trucks and trailers.

1.7 Production

After successful drilling of the wells, the produced oil & gas will be transported to Borholla GGS through flowlines for further treatment and dispatch.

1.8 Project Investment

The total cost of drilling of 4 wells including daily drilling rates, consumables, well accessories etc. will approximately be about Rs. 80 Crores.

Page 6 of 9 Page 7 of 9 Table 1.1 showing the coordinates of Borholla PML Blocks

Co-ordinates Latitude Longitude Sl. Name of the Area No. Block Boun- dary Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec. points BORHOLLA 1 Borholla ML 32.116 A 26 29 27.29 94 12 59.72 SKM F 26 23 04.56 94 10 50.52

L 26 22 31.85 94 08 03.01 K 26 23 51.99 94 08 03.01 M 26 24 08.35 94 09 45.48 N 26 27 49.15 94 09 12.51

Table 1.2 Ingredients of Water Based Drilling Fluid

S. No Chemicals 1. Barite 2. Bentonite 3. Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 4. Mud Thinner / Conditioner 5. Resinated Lignite 6. Non-Weighted Spotting Fluid 7. Weighted Spotting Fluid 8. EP Lube 9. Drilling Detergent 10. Caustic Soda 11. Potassium Chloride 12. Soda Ash

Page 8 of 9

Table 1.3 Special Additives and their Functions in Water-based Drilling Fluids

Sr. No. Discharge Category Exploration 1. Sodium bicarbonate Eliminate excess calcium ions due to cement contamination 2. Sodium chloride Minimize borehole washout in salt zone 3. Groundnut shells, mica of Minimise loss of drilling mud to formation cellophane 4. Cellulose polymers or starch Counter thick, sticky filter cake, decrease filter loss to formation 5. Aluminium stearate Minimize foaming 6. Vegetable oil lubricant Reduce torque and drag on drill string

7. Pill of oil-based mud spotting Counter differential pressure sticking of drilling fluid string; Pill is placed down hole opposite contact zone to free pipe

Page 9 of 9

AANNNNEEXXUURREE –– IIII CCOOPPYY OOFF EEXXIISSTTIINNGG EECC,, CCTTOO AANNDD CCOOMMPPLLIIAANNCCEE RREEPPOORRTT

Speed post Government of India Ministry of Environment & Forests (IA Division) Paryavaran Bhawan CGO Complex, Lodhi Road New Delhi – 110 003 E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: 011: 2436 7076 F. No. J-11011/147/2008-IA-II(I) Dated : June 24, 2009

To The Block Manager, M/s ONGC Limited South Assam Shelf Block, 1st Floor, LuitBhawan, Chinnamara Complex, Jorhat – 785704, Assam

Sub: Exploratory drilling of 30 wells in PEL/ML Blocks of South Assam Shelf Block (Golaghat, Jorhat, Nagaon, Morigaon, North Cachar, Darrang and Sonitpur Districts) at District Jorhat Assam By M/s ONGC Limited – Environmental Clearance reg. Sir, This has reference to your application No. CHSE/CHSE/ENV/2007-08 dated 7th February, 2008 alongwith Form-1 and prefeasibility report seeking environmental clearance under EIA Notification 2006 subsequent submission the hydrocarbon content of methane and non- methane monitoring report to the Ministry vide letter dated 17.01.2009 and circulated to Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry) during 93rd meeting of the Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry) held on 14th –16th April, 2009.

2. The Ministry of Environment and Forests has examined the application. It is noted that the proposal is for environmental clearance for Onshore Exploratory drilling of 30 wells in PEL/ML Blocks of South Assam Shelf Block (Golaghat, Jorhat, Nagaon, Morigaon, North Cachar, Darrang and Sonitpur Districts) at District Jorhat Assam By M/s ONGC Limited. The South Assam Shelf Block a part of Assam and AssamArakanBasin, consists broadly of the Titabar, Borholla , Mekrang , Merapani, Kalyanpur, Kasomarigaon, East Lakhibari, Khoraghat and Nambar, areas within the State of Assam. This proposal is for environmental clearance for exploratory drilling of 30 wells in various PEL’s and ML’swithin Golaghat District and Jorhat districts except KarbiAnglong PEL area which falls in the KarbiAnglong district and Kopili Valley PEL area which extends across the KarbiAnglong, Nagaon, Morigaon, North Cachar, Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam. Out of 30 new locations, 4 locations KHG, TBAA, CJAA and BRAI are released and remaining 26 new locations will be added on the basis of ongoing R & D studies. The areas lie between 25° 38’ and 26°32’ North latitude and between 92°15’ and 94° 16` East longitude and have an average elevation of around 100 metres above mean sea level. Total area of PEL/ML block is about 727 sq km, but area of each drill site would be approx. 1.80 hectare and will be acquired on lease. The oil and gas reservoirs in the above said hydrocarbon prospective area occur at depths ranging from 2000 to 3000 m below surface except a few shallow gas reservoirs in the depth range of 400 to 1500 mts. Total cost of project for drilling of the 30 wells will be approx. Rs. 400 Crores.The area-wise distribution of proposed locations for Environmental Clearance is as under:-

Areas PEL / MLs Name Districts Total Area Locations (Sq Km) proposed Titabar, Titabar PEL, Borholla Jorhat 149 10 BorhollaMekrang ML, Mekrang ML Merapani Merapani PEL, East Golaghat 252 10 ,Kalyanpur Lakhibari ML, Golaghat Kasomarigaon, Extn IIA PEL (North) East Lakhibari Khoraghat, Nambar Golaghat Extn IIA PEL Golaghat 327 10 (South), Golaghat Dist PEL, Khoraghat Extn ML, Khoraghat ML, Nambar ML Total 727 30

3. It is noted that only water based drilling fluid will be used. The water requirement will be approx. 25 m3/day and will be met from deep tube wells. The quantity of waste water produced will be approx. 15 m3/day in a well. About 150 to 250 m3/well of drill cuttings will be generated and the cuttings including wash water shall be collected in HDPE lined disposal pit. The effluent/ waste water will be treated by a Mobile ETP and the water will be reused / recycled as technical water. The Drilled cuttings about 150-250 m3/well will be generated as solid waste. The cuttings will be disposed off as per MOEF guideline. Two DG sets are used at a time. Exhaust height attached to DG sets shall be as per EPA and rules. For captive Gen-sets 4 KL/day of diesel per well will be required.

4. All the onshore and offshore oil and gas exploration, development and production activities are listed at 1(b) under ‘A’ category in the Schedule of EIA Notification, 2006. The proposal appraised in 83rd meeting of the Expert appraisal Committee (Industry) held during 14th -16th July 2008 and reconsidered during 93rd meeting held on 14th –16th April, 2009 at central level. Public hearing/public consultation was exempted as per para 7(ii) of the EIA Notification, 2006.

4. The Ministry of Environment and Forests hereby accords environmental clearance to the above project under the provisions of EIA Notification, 2006 subject to compliance of the following Specific and General Conditions.

A. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS: i. Compensation for the land acquisition to the land oustees (if any) and for standing crop shall be paid as per the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy (NRRP) 2007/State Government norms. It may be ensure that compensation provided shall not be less than the norms of the NRRP 2007. ii. The company shall obtain forest clearance under Forests Conservation Act 1980 for the sites located within the forest areas. iii. The company shall obtain permission to establish under Air and water acts from State Pollution Control Board for each well and copy submitted to Ministry’s Regional Office at Shillong. iv. The company shall inform the details of the each drill site to Ministry’s Regional Office at Shillong. v. The company shall make the arrangement for control of noise from the drilling activity and from DG sets. vi. The company shall comply with the guidelines for disposal of solid waste, drill cutting and drilling fluids for onshore drilling operation notified vide GSR.546(E) dated 30th August, 2005. vii. The surface facilities shall be installed as per applicable codes and standards, international practices and applicable local regulations. viii. The top soil removed shall be stacked separately for reuse during restoration process. ix. Drilling waste water including drill cuttings wash water shall be collected in disposal pit lined with HDPE lining evaporated or treated and shall comply with the notified standards for on-shore disposal. The membership of common TSDF shall be obtained for the disposal of drill cuttings and hazardous waste. Otherwise secured land fill shall be created at the site as per the design of the secured shall be approved by the CPCB and obtain the authorization of the SPCB. Copy of authorization or membership of TSDF shall be submitted to Ministry’s Regional Office. x. The company shall construct the garland drain all around the drilling site to prevent runoff of any oil containing waste in to the nearby water bodies. xi. The recyclable waste (oily sludge) and spent oil shall be disposed of to the authorized recyclers. xii. Only water based drilling mud shall be used. The drilling mud shall be recycled. In case of use of synthetic oil based mud due to any problem due to geological formation for drilling, low toxicity, Oil Based Mud (OBM) having aromatic content < 1 % shall be used. If it is intended to use such OBM/SBM to mitigate specific hole problem, it should be intimated to Ministry of Environment and Forests/ SPCB. xiii. Quantities of storage and chemicals and additives required for drilling mud preparation shall be below the specified threshold for specified storage permitted under the MSIHC Rules. xiv. Pre hire rig inspection, safety meetings, tool box meeting, job safety analysis and audits shall be carried out to identify hidden /potential hazardous. xv. The Company shall take necessary measures to prevent fire hazards, containing oil spill and soil remediation as needed. At place of ground flaring, the overhead flaring stack with knockout drums shall be installed to minimize gaseous emissions during flaring. xvi. The Company shall take necessary measures to reduce noise levels at the drill site by providing mitigation measures such as proper acoustic enclosures to the DG set and meet the norms notified by the MoEF. Height of all the stacks/vents shall be provided as per the CPCB guidelines. xvii. To prevent fire and explosion at Oil and Gas facility, potential ignition sources should be kept to a minimum and adequate separation distance between potential ignition sources and flammable material should be in place. xviii. The company shall develop a contingency plan for H2S release including all necessary aspects from evacuation to resumption of normal operations. The workers should be provided with personal H2S detectors in locations of high risk of exposure along with self containing breathing apparatus. xix. To prevent well blowouts during drilling operations, Blow OutPreventor (BOP) system shall be installed. Blow Out Prevention measures during drilling shall focus on maintaining well bore hydrostatic pressure by proper pre-well planning and drilling fluid logging etc. xx. The company shall take measures after completion of drilling process by well plugging and secured enclosures, decommissioning of rig upon abandonment of the well and drilling site shall be restored the are in original condition. In the event that no economic quantity of hydrocarbon is found a full abandonment plan shall be implemented for the drilling site in accordance with the applicable Indian Petroleum Regulations. xxi. Occupational health surveillance of the workers shall be carried out as per the prevailing Acts and Rules. xxii. In case the commercial viability of the project is established, the Company shall prepare a detailed plan for development of oil and gas fields and obtain fresh clearance from the Ministry. xxiii. The company shall provide housing for construction labour within the site with all necessary infrastructure and facilities such as fuel for cooking, mobile toilets, mobile STP, safe drinking water, medical health care, crèche etc. The housing may be in the form of temporary structures to be removed after the completion of the project.

B. GENERAL CONDITIONS: i. The project authorities must strictly adhere to the stipulations made by the State Pollution Control Board, the State Government and any other statutory. ii. No further expansion or modification in the project shall be carried out without prior approval of the Ministry of Environment & Forests. In case of deviations or alterations in the project proposal from those submitted to this Ministry for clearance, a fresh reference shall be made to the Ministry to assess the adequacy of conditions imposed and to add additional environmental protection measures required, if any. iii. The emissions of (RSPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, HC& VOC) from DG Set and from flare stack shall conform to the standards prescribed by the SPCB. Regular monitoring of Ambient Air for HC and VOC shall be carried out as per CPCB guidelines. Stack height attached to DG sets shall be in- conformance with the environment protection acts and rules. iv. The project authorities must strictly comply with the rules and regulations under Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous chemicals Rules, 1989 as amended subsequently. Prior approvals from Chief Inspectorate of Factories, Chief Controller of Explosives, Fire Safety Inspectorate etc. must be obtained, wherever applicable. v. The project authorities must strictly comply with the rules and regulation with regard to handling and disposal of Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989/ 2003 wherever applicable. Authorization form the State Pollution Control Board must be obtained for collections/treatment/storage/disposal of hazardous wastes. vi. The overall noise levels in and around the plant area shall be kept well within the standards by providing noise control measures including acoustic hoods, silencers, enclosures etc. on all sources of noise generation. The ambient noise levels shall conform to the standards prescribed under EPA Rules, 1989 viz. 75 dBA (daytime) and 70 dBA (nighttime). vii. A separate Environmental Management Cell equipped with full fledged laboratory facilities must be set up to carry out the environmental management and monitoring functions. viii. The project authorities will provide adequate funds both recurring and non-recurring to implement the conditions stipulated by the Ministry of Environment and Forests as well as the State Government along with the implementation schedule for all the conditions stipulated herein. The funds so provided shall not be diverted for any other purposes. ix. The Regional Office of this Ministry/Central Pollution Control Board/State Pollution Control Board will monitor the stipulated conditions. A six monthly compliance report and the monitored data along with statistical interpretation shall be submitted to them regularly. x. The Project Proponent shall inform the public that the project has been accorded environmental clearance by the Ministry and copies of the clearance letter are available with the State Pollution Control Board and may also be seen at Website of the Ministry and Forests at http://www.envfor.nic.in This shall be advertised within seven days of the issue of this letter in at least two local newspapers that are widely circulated in the region of which one shall be in the vernacular language of the locality concerned. xi. The Project Authorities shall inform the Regional Office as well as the Ministry, the date of financial closure and final approval of the project by the concerned authorities and the date of commencing the land development work.

5. The Ministry may revoke or suspend the clearance, if implementation of any of the above conditions is not satisfactory.

6. The Ministry reserves the right to stipulate additional conditions if found necessary. The Company in a time bound manner will implement these conditions.

7. Any appeal against this environmental clearance shall lie with the National Environment Appellate Authority, if preferred within a period of 30 days as prescribed under Section 11 of the National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997.

8. The above conditions will be enforced, inter-alia under the provisions of the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Hazardous Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989, 2003 and the Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 along with their amendments and rules.

(H.S. Malviya) Joint Director

Copy to :

1. The Secretary, Department of Environment, Science & Technology, Assam Secretariat, Government of Assam, Guwahati- 781 006. 2. Chief Conservator of Forests, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Regional Office (NEZ),Upland Road, Laitumkhrah, Shillong : 793 003, Meghalaya. 3. The Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board PariveshBhavan, CBD-cum-Office Complex, East Arjun Nagar, New Delhi - 110 032. 4. The Chairman, Assam State Pollution Control Board, Bamunimaidan, Guwahati- 781 021, Assam. 5. Monitoring Cell, Ministry of Environment and Forests, ParyavaranBhavan, CGO Complex, New Delhi. 6. Guard File. 7. Monitoring File. 8. Record File. (H.S. Malviya) Joint Director

OIL & NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LTD. HSE Division, Assam & Assam Arakan Basin Cinnamara Complex Jorhat-785704

Phone: 0376-2360033/ DID : 2707 57 6

No. ONGC/A&AAB/HSE/NoC/KHBc(RKH-20H)/201s-16 / l5 7 € Date: 3110812015 To,

The Regional Officer ln charge, Regional Office-Golaghat Pollution Control Board, Assam College Tiniali, Near Circuit House Golaghat-785621

Madam,

Please find enclosed herewith application form, Schedule-l duly filled-in along with fees for obtaining NOC/CTO for exploratory well-KHBC (RKH-2OH) planned for exploration activity in the months of November, 2015. The details are as under'-

st. Well Application No. {OC Fee Consent Consent Application Total No Name. Rs) fee fee (Air) fee (Rs) (Rs) (water) (Rs) 1. KHBC ONGC/A&AAB/HSE/NO 50,000/ 10,000/ 10,000/ 100/ 70,100t (RKH- c/KHBC(RKH- 20H) 2OH)t2015-16

Total = Rs. 70,1OO/-(Rupees Seventy Thousand and One Hundred Only)

The NOC and Consent to operate fee of Rs. 70,100/- (Rupees Seventy Thousand & One Hundred only) is also enclosed herewith vide DD No.633751 dated 18.08.2015 drawn on SBl, in favorof Potlution Contro! Board, Assam payable at Golaghat. Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,

K_J; \.e!>af (Dr. Atul Kumar Samant) DGM (Chem.) l/c HSE A&AA Basin, Jorhat. Copy for kind information to:-

1. The Member Secretary, Pollution Control Board Assam, Bamunimaidam, Guwahati- 781021 2. EA tO ED-Basin Manager, A&M Basin, ONGC, Jorhat.

Regd. Office: Jeevan Bharti Tower-II, Indira Chowk, Connaught Place, New Delhi- 110 001 PABX No. 0l l-23310156,23310157, 23300158 Fax No.0l l-23316413

! ,J'

t_ -L & SCHEDULE-I

Common Application for Consent under Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981) and authorization under Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, as amended No. ONGC/AAAB/HSE/NOC/ KHBC (RWK#20H)/2015-16 Date 28.08.2015

Accompanying form in triplicate to be submitted by the applicant. One copy may be retained by the applicant.

Explanatory note for filling in application form for Consent / Authorization (1) Any applicant knowingly giving incorrect information or suppressing any information pertaining to any of the items of the application shall be liable for punishment as per provisions under the relevant Act. (2) The application form shall be submitted at the head-quarter office of the Board at the address given on the first page of the application form or to the respective Zonal or Regional or Sub-Regional office or District Office of the Board / Pollution Control Committee under whose jurisdiction the applicants’ activity falls. (3) The application shall be accompanied by the consent fee in the form of Demand Draft No633751 dated 18.08.2015 in favor of Pollution Control Board, Assam State Pollution Control Board / Pollution Control Committee. Fee paid is not refundable. (4) For the items marked * strike out which is not relevant. (5) If any of the items is not relevant to the activity of the applicant, please state 'Not Applicable'. (6) If the space for reply provided for any item is inadequate, use additional sheets, duly referenced. (7) Item 1: Give the name of the person who is authorized by the applicant to transact their business. (8) Item 2: Also state the concerned institutions under whose administrative area the unit falls. (9) The form shall be accompanied by the relevant documents specified on the last page of the application form. (10) Capital Investment - Consent fee is to be paid based on gross fixed capital investment of the unit without depreciation till the date of application. The gross capital investment shall include cost of "land, building, plant and machinery without depreciation.

1 Annexure-2B

Application form for Consent / Authorisation

No. ONGC/AAAB/HSE/NOC/ KHBC (RWK#20H)/2015-16 Date: 28.08.2015

From Head HSE Nambar – I Building ONGC, A & AA Basin, Cinnamara, Jorhat-785704 (Assam) To The Member Secretary State Pollution Control Board GUWAHATI, ASSAM

Sir, I / We hereby apply for * (No Objection Certificate)

(i) Consent to Establish/Operate / Renewal of consent under section 25 and 26 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, as amended.

(ii) Consent to Establish/Operate / renewal of consent under Section 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, as amended.

(iii) Authorization / renewal of authorization under rule 5 of the Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, as amended in connection with my / our existing / proposed / altered / additional manufacturing processing activity from the premises as per the details given below. Part A: General 1. Name, designation, office address with : Dr. Atul Kr. Samant, telephone, fax numbers, e-mail of the Dy. General Manager (Chem.) Applicant/occupier/industry/instituti Nambar – I Building on / Local Body ONGC, A & AA Basin, Cinnamara, Jorhat-785704 (Assam)  - 0376-2360033,Fax – 0376 –2360014 Mobile-+919435718283

2. (a) Name and location of the industrial : An exploratory well KHBC Unit / premises for which the Khoraghat Extn. ML, Khoraghat. application is made. (Give revenue Distt. Golaghat Survey Number/ plot number, name of (location map enclosed)

2 Annexure-2B Taluka and District, also telephone and Fax number)

(b) Details of the planning permission : Environmental Clearance obtained obtained from the local body / Town from MoEF vide letter No J-11011/147/ and Country Planning authority 2008-IA- II(I) dated 24.06.2009. /metropolitan development authority/ designated authority

(c) Name of the local body under whose Divisional Forest Officer, jurisdiction the unit is located and : Golaghat Division, name of the license issuing authority Golaghat

3. Names, Addresses with telephone and : Head Drilling Services, fax number of Managing Director/ Drilling In-Charge, Managing Partner and officer Dhansiri Bhavan, responsible for matters connected with A&AA Basin, ONGC, Cinnamara, pollution control and / or hazardous Jorhat – 785704, waste disposal.  - 0376-2361521,Fax – 0376 –2360014

4. (a) Are you registered as a small-scale : No industrial unit?

(b) If yes, give the number and date of : N/A registration.

5. Gross capital investment of the unit : Land cost: Nil, The well KHBC to be without depreciation till the date of drilled from drill site KH-4 (KGA) /NR -10 application (Cost of building, land, (NRAE). plant and machinery). Site preparation cost: Rs. 93.91 Lakhs (To be supported by an affidavit, (Approx) Annual Report or certificate from a Chartered Accountant. For proposed unit(s), give estimated figure)

6. If the site is located near sea bank / : other water bodies; indicate the No distance and name of the water body, if any.

3 Annexure-2B 7. Does the location satisfy the : N/A requirements under relevant Central / State Govt. notifications such as Coastal Regulation Zone? Notification on Ecologically Fragile Area, Industrial location policy, etc. If so, give details.

8. If the site is situated in notified No industrial estate,

(i) Whether effluent collection, N/A treatment and disposal system has been provided by the authority.

(ii) Will the applicant utilize the N/A system, if provided

(iii) If not provided , details of N/A proposed arrangement

9. Total plot area, built-up area and area : Plot area- 130X130 m2 available for the use of treated sewage Built-up/ /trade effluent Hardening area -410 m2 Effluent area-2610 m2 10 Month and year of proposed : commissioning of the unit OCT-NOV, 2015

11 Number of workers and office staff : 81

12. (a) Do you have a residential colony : No within the premises in respect of which the present application is made?

(b) If yes, please state population : N/A staying

(c) Indicate its location and distance : N/A with reference to plant site

13. List of products and by-products : N/A manufactures in tons/month, kl/month (The proposal is to drill well for or numbers/month (Give figure exploration/exploitation of oil & gas, corresponding to maximum installed and not for establishment of any plant production capacity) for manufacturing products)

4 Annexure-2B 14. List of raw materials and process : N/A chemicals with annual consumption Since, it is not a manufacturing unit, corresponding to above stated no raw material is used. production figures, in tons/month, kl/month or numbers/month.

15. Description of process of manufacture : N/A for each of the products showing input, output, quality and quantity of solid, liquid and gaseous waste if any from each unit process. (To be supported by flow sheet and / or material balance sheet and water balance sheet)

Part B Waste Water Aspects

16. Water consumption for different uses : Approx. 44.53 m3/day (m3/day)

(i) Industrial cooling, spraying- in mine : N/A pits or boiler feeds.

(ii) Domestic purpose : Approx. 1.50 m³/day

(iii) Processing whereby water gets polluted : Approx.25.08 m³/day and the pollutants are easily bio- degradable

iv) Processing whereby water gets polluted : Nil and the pollutants are not easily bio- degradable and are toxic

(v) Others such as agriculture, gardening : N/A etc (specify)

17. Source of water supply. Name of : Bore well/or through water tankers authority granting permission if applicable and quantity permitted

18. Quantity of waste water (effluent) : Approx. 16.00 m³/day generated (cu.m/day)

(i) Domestic : 0.250 m³/day

5 Annexure-2B (ii) Industrial : N/A

(iii) Process : 35.25 m³/day

(iv) Washings : 0.60 m³/day

(v) Boiler Blow down : Nil

vi) Cooling water blowdown : Nil

vii) DM Plant/Softening Plant washings : Nil

19. Water budget calculations accounting : Approx. 10.00 m³/day for difference between water consumption and effluent generated

20. Present treatment of sewage/canteen : Septic Tanks are constructed at site. effluent (Give sizes/capacities of treatment unit)

21. Present treatment of trade effluent : Waste water is collected in impervious (Give sizes / capacities of treatment lined waste pit and treated by a units) (A schematic diagram of the Mobile ETP. The treated water is treatment scheme with inlet / outlet recycled and re-used. characteristics of each unit operation Size:- 13’7”(L)x 7’(W) x 8’3”(H) /process is to be provided. Include Capacity of ETP:-125 m3/day details of residue management system (ETP sledges).

22 (a) Are sewage and trade effluents : No mixed together?

(b) If yes. State which stage – whether : N/A before, intermittently or after treatment.

23. Capacity of treated effluent sump. : The treated effluent will be reused for Guard pond, if any. preparation of mud & technical purpose. 24. Mode of disposal of treated effluent, : Recycled and reused. Remaining with respective quantity, cum/day. disposed of by evaporation

(i) Into stream/river (name of river) : Nil

6 Annexure-2B

(ii) Into creek/estuary : Nil (name of creek/estuary)

(iii) Into sea : Nil

(iv) Into drain / sewer (owner of : Nil sewer)

(v) On land for irrigation on owned : Nil land / lease land. Specify cropped area. (To be supported by relevant documents) (vi) Quantity of treated effluent re- : Mobile ETP is located at site. The used/recycled cu.m/day. Provide treated water is recycled and reused a location map of disposal for all technical purposes. Out let for arrangement indicating the sampling is provided. outlet(s) for sampling.

(vii) Provide a location map of : N/A disposal arrangement indicating the outlet(s) for sampling.

25. (a) Quality of untreated/ treated : Effluent quality (treated) effluents (Specify pH and PH – 7.10 concentration of SS, BOD, COD and SS – 25.00 mg/L specific pollutants relevant to the BOD-26.00 mg/L industry. TDS to be reported for COD-85.44 mg/L disposal on land or into stream / TDS – 300.00 mg/L river).

(b) Enclose a copy of the latest report of analysis from the laboratory : Enclosed the latest Analysis Report approved by State Board / from the Regional laboratory of Committee / Central Board / Pollution Control Board, Assam, Central Government in the Bamunimaidam, Guwahati-21. Ministry of Environment and Forests. For proposed unit furnish expected characteristics of the untreated / treated effluent.

7 Annexure-2B Part – C: Air emission aspects

26. Fuel consumption: Coal LSHS Furnace Natural Others Oil Gas (HSD) a. Fuel consumption Nil Nil Nil Nil 5.0 KLD (TPD/KLD) b. Calorific value - - - - - c. Ash content % - - - - - d. Sulphur content % - - - - - e. Other (specify) - - - - -

27. (A) Details of stack (process & fuel stacks): : 1 2 3 4 a. Engine Numbers/ Stack 25344959 25325976 25344957 25344958 number (s) (stand by) b. Attached to Engine for power generation c. Capacity : Full load power 1180 HP @1500 RPM d. Fuel Type : HSD e. Fuel quantity (TPD/KLD) : Fuel consumption at 80% load 216 lits/hr,(approx) Specific fuel consumption 152gms/BHP-Hr f. Material of construction : Cylinder Block-Cast alloyed gray iron Fly wheel-C.I Crank-Shaft-Forged Steel g. Shape (round/ rectangle) : All are Rectangle. V Type Engine with circular exhaust outlet h. Height, m (above ground : ENGINE HEIGHT 2000MM level) i. Diameter / size, in : Engine Dimensions (2875X1505X2000) MM meters j. Gas quantity, Nm3 / hr. : k. Gas temperature, °C : Exhaust Gas Temperature, 400 to 750 Deg. C l. Exit Gas velocity, m/sec : Pr of burning gas – 14 T/Sq in Equivalent to 70 Bar/Sq in.@ 60-70% peak Pr. m. Control equipment : Muffler preceding the stack (Attach specifications : Metal sheet–Standard size–6.0 MM (Thick) – 4 Nos including residue Metal Sheet – 10.0 MM (Thick) – 1 No management systems of Elbow – 8” – 2 Nos each of the control Nuts Bolts with washer – 24 Nos equipment indicating Eye Bolts: 3” ID with nut & Washer – 24 Nos inlet/outlet concentrations of relevant pollutants)

8 Annexure-2B

27 (B) Whether any release of : No odoriferous compounds such as Mercaptans, Phorate etc. are coming out

28. Do you have adequate facility for : Yes / Ambient air quality is collection of samples of emissions monitored. The emission is to be in the form of port poles, analyzed for standard parameters platform, ladder etc. as per and HC. Central Board Publication “Emission Regulations Part-III” December 1985.

29. Quality of treated flue gas : Not any emission of any flue gases emissions and process emissions. in the drilling process. (Specify concentration of criteria pollutants and industry / process- specific pollutants stack-wise. Enclose a copy of the latest report of analysis from the approved laboratory by State Board / Central Board / Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests. For proposed units furnish the expected characteristics of the emission.

Part-D: Hazardous waste aspects: At source, any hazardous or Toxic Chemicals are not used.

30 (a)Whether the unit is generating : No hazardous waste as defined in the (But, used/spent oil is taken out Hazardous Waste (Management and from the Engines at the time of handling) Rules, 1989, as amended. servicing only, about 100-200 L)

(b) If so, the category No. : 5.1

31. Authorization required for* N/A

(i) Collection : No

(ii) Reception : No

9 Annexure-2B

(iii) Treatment : No

(iv) Transport : No

(v) Storage : No

(vi) Disposal of the hazardous waste : Reused & Recycled.

32. Quantity of hazardous waste : 100 to 150 (approx.) litre/month generated (kg/day) or (mt/month)

33. Characteristics of the hazardous : Used oil waste(s). Specific concentration of relevant pollutants. Enclose a copy of the latest report of analysis from the laboratory approved by State Board / Central Board / Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests. For proposed units furnish expected characteristics.

34. Mode of storage (intermediate or : Drums final) (describe area, location and methodology)

35. Present treatment of hazardous : Nil waste, if any (give type and capacity of treatment units)

36. Quantity of hazardous waste Nil disposed.

(i) Within the factory : N/A

(ii) Outside the factory (specify : N/A location and enclose copies of agreement)

(iii) Through sale (Enclose documentary : N/A N/A proof and copies of agreement) N/A

(iv) Outside state / Union territory, if : N/A yes particulars of (i) & (ii) above (v) Other (specify) : N/A

10 Annexure-2B

Part-E: Additional Information 37. (a) Do you have any proposals to : No upgrade the present system for treatment and disposal of effluent/emission and /or hazardous waste. (b) If yes, give the details with : N/A time schedule for the implementation and approximate expenditure to be incurred on it.

38. Capital and recurring (O & M) : i) Expenditure on Environmental expenditure on various aspects of protection, restoration of land environment protection such as and tree plantation etc. is more effluent, emission, hazardous than 25 lakhs / well. waste, solid waste, tree ii) Liquid waste and solid waste plantation, monitoring, date management and Air quality acquisition etc. (give figures monitoring as per APCB guideline. Testing of drilled separately for items implemented cuttings & mud at every well is / to be implemented). planned. (Approx. Rs. 4 to 5 lakhs/well for testing only). 39. To which of the pollution control : equipment, separate meters for None recording consumption of electric energy are installed?

40. Which of the pollution control : N/A items are connected to D.G set (captive power source) to ensue their running in the event of normal power failure?

41. Nature, quantity and method of Solid waste (Inert rock cuttings) disposal of non-hazardous solid : generated during drilling are washed, waste generated separately from collected in a lined impervious waste pit the process of manufacture and on site. No hazardous chemicals are being waste treatment. (Give details of used in water base mud. Waste pit shall be area/ capacity available in covered again with HDPE liner prior to applicants land). leave the location. Restoration of land as per MOEF guideline. Quantity – 250 to 300 MT/ well (approx)

42. Hazardous chemicals – give details : Nil of chemicals and quantities handled and stored.

11 Annexure-2B

i. Is the unit a major accident hazard : N/A unit as per MSIHC rules?

ii. Is the unit an isolated storage as : N/A defined under the MSIHC rules?

iii. Indicate status of compliance of : N/A rules 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 18 of the MSIHC rules.

iv. Has approval of site has been : N/A obtained from the concerned authority?

v. Has the unit prepared an offsite : N/A emergency plan? Is it updated?

Has information on imports of vi. chemicals been provided to the : N/A concerned authority?

vii. Does the unit posses a policy under : yes the PLI act?

43. Brief details of tree : Trees are planted in available open plantation/green belt development space and around site. within applicant’s premises (in hectares).

44 Information of schemes for waste : Mobile ETP will be used to treat drilling minimization, resource recovery waste water for reuse/recycle as and recycling-implemented and to technical water. be implemented, separately.

45 (a) The applicant shall indicate : As per EIA Notification 2006, whether industry comes under environmental clearance is obtained Public Hearing, if so, the from MoEF vide letter No J-11011/147/ relevant documents such as EIA, 2008-IA- II(I) dated 24.06.2009. EMP, Risk Analysis etc. shall be enclosed shall be indicated accordingly.

(b)Any other additional information that the applicant desires to give. Nil

12 Annexure-2B

46. I/We further declare that the information furnished above is correct to the best of my/our knowledge.

47. I / We hereby submit that in case of any change from what is stated in this application in respect of raw materials, products, process of manufacture and treatment and /or disposal of effluent, emissions, hazardous wastes etc. in quality and quantity; a fresh application for Consent / Authorization shall be made and until the grant to fresh Consent/ Authorization no change shall be made

48. I / We undertake to furnish any other information within one month of its being called by the Board/committee.

49. I / We agree to submit to the Board an application for renewal of consent /authorization in two months in advance before the date of expiry of the consent / authorization validity period.

50. I / We enclose herewith a Demand draft of Rs.70,100/- (Rupees Seventy thousand one hundred only) bearing No.633751 dated 18.08.2015 drawn on SBI, Golaghat main Branch & payable in favour of Pollution Control Board, Assam , as the fee for consents & authorization for a period up to completion of said oil well.

Yours faithfully,

(Dr.Atul Kumar Samant) DGM (Chem.)-Head HSE Nambar-1 Building ONGC, A & AA Basin Cinnamara, Jorhat-785704

Documents enclosed:- 1. Environmental clearance obtained from MOEF vide letter No J-11011/147/ 2008-IA II (I) dated 24.06.2009. 2. Location Map 3. Demand Draft No.633751 dated 18.08.2015, drawn on SBI, Main Br., Golaghat in favor of Pollution Control Board, Assam, & payable at Golaghat. 4. Effluent Analysis Report by regional laboratory of PCB: Assam, Bamunimaidam, Guwahati-21.

13 Annexure-2B

Annexure-1

SIX MONTHLY COMPLIANCE REPORT FOR ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

(As on 1stJune 2014)

1 Name of the project:- Exploratory Drilling for Oil & Gas at South Assam Shelf Block Areas, District: - Golaghat. Well No: KHAY 2 Location of project/ address:- Dist:Golaghat

3 Letter No. & date of Environment F.NO. J-11011/147/2008-IA-II(I), Clearance granted by MOEF:- Dated:24.06.2009

4 Present Status of project:- Oil indication in well , Rig released on 25.04.14 well closed

A. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS

S Specific Condition Remarks N

i. Compensation for the land acquisition to the land The action has been taken as oustees and for standing crop shall be paid as per the per norms of State prevailing rules. Government

ii. The company shall obtain forest clearance under Forest clearance is taken Forest Conservation Act 1980 for the sites located wherever necessary. within the forest area.

iii. The company shall obtain permission to establish Complied under Air and Water Acts from the SPCB for each well and copy submitted to Ministry’s Regional Office at Shillong.

iv. The company shall inform the details of the each drill Complied sites to Ministry’s Regional Office at shillong.

v. The company shall make the arrangements for control DG sets are provided acoustic of noise from the drilling activity and from DG sets. enclosures. More over ear muffs and ear plugs are provided for the employees working near the DG sets S Specific Condition Remarks N

vi. The company shall comply with the guidelines of The action has been taken as Disposal of solid waste, drill cutting and drilling fluids per norms of MoEF. for onshore drilling operation vide GSR.546 (E) dated 30 August 2005.

vii. The surface facilities shall be installed as per All the surface facilities applicable codes and standards, international practice installed were as per API and applicable local regulations standards international safety and environment practices are being followed. In addition to that OMR, DGMS, MoEF, CPCB, and PCBA regulations and guidelines are being followed. viii. The top soil removed shall be stacked separately for The top soil stacked and kept reuse during restoration process. for future restoration process.

ix. Drilling waste water including drill cuttings wash water shall be collected in disposal pit lined with HDPE lining evaporated or treated and shall comply with the Complied with. notified standards for onshore disposal. The membership of common TSDF shall be obtained for the disposal of drill cuttings and hazardous waste. Otherwise secured landfill shall be created at the site with authorization of the SPCB. The design of the secured landfill shall be approved by SPCB.

x. The company shall construct the garland drain all around the drilling site to prevent runoff any oil Complied. containing waste in to the nearby water bodies.

xi. The recyclable waste (oily sludge) and spent oil shall No oily sludge is generated, be disposed to authorized recyclers. but spent oil is collected, transported to DTY for disposal as per HWMH RULES 1989.

xii. Only water based mud drilling mud shall be used. The drilling mud shall be recycled. In case of use of Yes only water based mud synthetic mud due to any problem geological used during drilling the well. formation for drilling, low toxicity, oil Based mud The drilling mud is recycled. (OBM) having aromatic content<1% shall be used. If it

is intended to use such OBM/SBM to mitigate specific hole problem, it should be intimated to Ministry of Environment and Forest/SPCB. S Specific Condition Remarks N

xiii. Quantities of storage of chemicals and additives Yes condition being followed. required for drilling mud preparation shall be below the specified threshold permitted under MSIHC Rules. The storage of chemical / additives used for drilling mud preparation is well below the threshold storage limit.

xiv. Pre hire inspection, safety meetings, tool box meeting OMR, OISD and RCP and audits to identify hidden/potential hazardous. guidelines are followed for safety of equipment’s and employees. The safety audits and safety meetings are carried out regularly for avoiding hazards.

xv. The company shall take Necessary measures to prevent fire hazards, containing oil spill and soil Yes conditions werecompiled remediation as needed. At place of ground flaring, the with. All necessary measures overhead flaring stack with knockout drums shall be to prevent fire are being taken. installed to minimize gaseous emissions during flaring.

xvi. The company shall take necessary measures to Safety necessary measures reduce noise level s at D/S by providing mitigation being taken as per MoEF measures such as proper acoustic enclosures to DG guidelines. set and meet norms notified by MOEF. Height of all stacks/ vents shall be as per CPCB guidelines.

xvii. To prevent fire and explosion, potential ignition source For implementing safe should be kept to a minimum and adequate distance distances to prevent fire and between potential ignition sources and flammable explosion from potential material should be in place. ignition source OMR, OISD and RCP guidelines are strictly followed. xviii. The company shall develop contingency plan for H2S release, all necessary aspects from evacuation to The location is not H2S prone resumption of normal operations. The workers should area, however contingency plan be provided with personal H2S detectors in locations for H2S is available at site. of high risk of exposure along with self-containing breathing apparatus. S Specific Condition Remarks N

xix. To prevent well blowout during operation Blow out BOP installed and maintained Preventer (BOP) system shall be installed. Focus on as per OMR, OISD guidelines. maintaining well bore hydrostatic pressure by proper Hydrostatic head was pre well planning, drilling fluid, logging etc. maintained as per GTO.

xx. The company shall take measure after completion of drilling process by well plugging and secured enclosures, decommissioning of rig upon abandonment of well, the D/S shall be restored to Yes, being followed as per the near original condition. In the event that no economic instructions. quantity of HC is found a full abandonment plan shall be implemented for site as per Indian Petroleum Regulations.

xxi. Occupational health surveillance of the workers shall PME being done at regular be carried out as per prevailing the prevailing Acts interval. and Rules.

xxii. In case the commercial viability of the project is established, the company shall prepare detailed plan Drilling under process. for development of oil & gas fields and obtain fresh clearance from Ministry. xxiii. The company shall provide housing for construction labour within the site with all necessary infrastructures DSA with all infrastructures and facilities such as fuel for cooking , mobile toilets, and facilities such as fuel for cooking, mobile toilets, mobile mobile STP, safe drinking water , medical health care STP, safe drinking water, , crèche etc. the housing may be in the form of medical health care, is temporary structures to be removed after the available which is near to drill completion of the project. site.

B. GENERAL CONDITIONS

S. General Conditions Remarks No. i The project authorities must strictly Followed as per the Guidelines provided adhere to stipulations made by State by State Pollution Control Board and the Pollution Control Board and the State State Government. Government.

ii No further expansion or modification of project shall be carried without prior approval of MOEF. In case of deviation or alteration in the project proposal from those submitted to this ministry for Shall be complied if any clearance, a fresh reference shall be made to Ministry to access the adequacy of conditions imposed and to add additional environmental protection measures required if any. iii The emissions of (RSPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, HC& HOC) from DG set and flare stack shall conform the standards of Is strictly followed as per EPA and rules. SPCB. Regular monitoring of ambient air for HC and VOC as per CPCB guidelines. Stack height attached to DG sets shall be as per EPA and rules. iv The project authorities must strictly Comply with rules and regulations Is strictly followed under Manufacture, Storage and Import No hazardous chemicals (as listed) are of Hazardous Chemicals Rules being used however APCB will be 1989.Prior approval from Chief approached with list for authorisation as Inspectorate of Factories, Chief per MoEF guidelines. Controller of Explosive, Fire Safety Inspectorate etc must be obtained, wherever applicable. S. General Conditions Remarks No. v The project authorities must strictly Comply with rules and regulations with regard to handling and disposal of Hazardous Wastes (Management and Complied. handling) rules 1989/2003 wherever applicable. Authorisation from SPCB Authorisation from SPCB obtained. must be obtained for collections/ treatment/storage/ disposal of hazardous wastes. vi The overall noise levels in and around Is strictly followed and conform to EPA the plant shall be kept within the rules, 1989. standards by providing noise control measure including acoustic hoods, silencers, enclosures etc. on all sources of noise generation. The ambient noise levels shall conform to EPA rules, 1989 viz 75 dBA (daytime) and 70 dBA (night time). vii. A separate Environmental Management A separate HSE section exists that Cell equipped with full fledge laboratory monitor the environmental performance facilities to carry out environment of the project. Our regional laboratory is management and monitoring functions. well equipped with most of such facilities. viii The project authorities shall provide Adequate Budgetary Provision exists. adequate funds both recurring and non- The allocated budget shall not be recurring to implement the conditions diverted for any other purpose. stipulated by MOEF and State Govt. along with implementation schedule for all the conditions stipulated herein. The funds so provided shall not be diverted for any other purpose. ix The Regional Office of this Ministry/Central Pollution Control Board will monitor the stipulated condition.

A six monthly compliance and the Complied. monitored data along with statistical interpretation to be submitted to them regularly. S. General Conditions Remarks No. x The project proponent shall inform the public that the project has accorded environmental clearances and copies of clearances letters are available with the State Pollution Control Board and also be seen at Web site of the Ministry of Forests at http://www.envfor.nic.in.This Complied. shall be advertise within seven days of the issue of this letter in at least two local newspapers that are widely circulated in the region of which one shall be in the vernacular language of the locality concerned.. xi. The project authority shall inform the RO as well as the Ministry, the date of financial closure and final approval of Shall be informed. project by the concerned authorities and date of commencing of land development work. xii The above conditions will be enforced, inter-alia under provision of Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Air(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Environment Being followed. (Protection) Act 1986, Hazardous Waste Rules 1989, 2003 and Public Liability Insurance Act 1991 along with their amendments and rules.

Annexure-2

SIX MONTHLY COMPLIANCE REPORT FOR ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

(As on 1stJune 2014)

1 Name of the project:- Exploratory Drilling for Oil & Gas at South Assam Shelf Block Areas, District: - Golaghat. Well No: KHAS 2 Location of project/ address:- Dist: Golaghat

3 Letter No. & date of Environment F.NO. J-11011/147/2008-IA-II(I), Clearance granted by MOEF:- Dated:24.06.2009

4 Present Status of project:- Well Spudded on 11thApril 2014 Drilling in progress

A. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS

S Specific Condition Remarks N

i. Compensation for the land acquisition to the land The action has been taken as oustees and for standing crop shall be paid as per the per norms of State prevailing rules. Government

ii. The company shall obtain forest clearance under Forest clearance is taken Forest Conservation Act 1980 for the sites located wherever necessary. within the forest area.

iii. The company shall obtain permission to establish Complied under Air and Water Acts from the SPCB for each well and copy submitted to Ministry’s Regional Office at Shillong.

iv. The company shall inform the details of the each drill Complied sites to Ministry’s Regional Office at shillong.

v. The company shall make the arrangements for control DG sets are provided acoustic of noise from the drilling activity and from DG sets. enclosures. More over ear muffs and ear plugs are provided for the employees working near the DG sets S Specific Condition Remarks N

vi. The company shall comply with the guidelines of The action has been taken as Disposal of solid waste, drill cutting and drilling fluids per norms of MoEF. for onshore drilling operation vide GSR.546 (E) dated 30 August 2005.

vii. The surface facilities shall be installed as per All the surface facilities applicable codes and standards, international practice installed were as per API and applicable local regulations standards international safety and environment practices are being followed. In addition to that OMR, DGMS, MoEF, CPCB, and PCBA regulations and guidelines are being followed. viii. The top soil removed shall be stacked separately for The top soil stacked and kept reuse during restoration process. for future restoration process.

ix. Drilling waste water including drill cuttings wash water shall be collected in disposal pit lined with HDPE lining evaporated or treated and shall comply with the Complied with. notified standards for onshore disposal. The membership of common TSDF shall be obtained for the disposal of drill cuttings and hazardous waste. Otherwise secured landfill shall be created at the site with authorization of the SPCB. The design of the secured landfill shall be approved by SPCB.

x. The company shall construct the garland drain all around the drilling site to prevent runoff any oil Complied. containing waste in to the nearby water bodies.

xi. The recyclable waste (oily sludge) and spent oil shall No oily sludge is generated, be disposed to authorized recyclers. but spent oil is collected, transported to DTY for disposal as per HWMH RULES 1989.

xii. Only water based mud drilling mud shall be used. The drilling mud shall be recycled. In case of use of Yes only water based mud synthetic mud due to any problem geological used during drilling the well. formation for drilling, low toxicity, oil Based mud The drilling mud is recycled. (OBM) having aromatic content<1% shall be used. If it

is intended to use such OBM/SBM to mitigate specific hole problem, it should be intimated to Ministry of Environment and Forest/SPCB. S Specific Condition Remarks N

xiii. Quantities of storage of chemicals and additives Yes condition being followed. required for drilling mud preparation shall be below the specified threshold permitted under MSIHC Rules. The storage of chemical / additives used for drilling mud preparation is well below the threshold storage limit.

xiv. Pre hire inspection, safety meetings, tool box meeting OMR, OISD and RCP and audits to identify hidden/potential hazardous. guidelines are followed for safety of equipment’s and employees. The safety audits and safety meetings are carried out regularly for avoiding hazards.

xv. The company shall take Necessary measures to prevent fire hazards, containing oil spill and soil Yes conditions werecompiled remediation as needed. At place of ground flaring, the with. All necessary measures overhead flaring stack with knockout drums shall be to prevent fire are being taken. installed to minimize gaseous emissions during flaring.

xvi. The company shall take necessary measures to Safety necessary measures reduce noise level s at D/S by providing mitigation being taken as per MoEF measures such as proper acoustic enclosures to DG guidelines. set and meet norms notified by MOEF. Height of all stacks/ vents shall be as per CPCB guidelines.

xvii. To prevent fire and explosion, potential ignition source For implementing safe should be kept to a minimum and adequate distance distances to prevent fire and between potential ignition sources and flammable explosion from potential material should be in place. ignition source OMR, OISD and RCP guidelines are strictly followed. xviii. The company shall develop contingency plan for H2S release, all necessary aspects from evacuation to The location is not H2S prone resumption of normal operations. The workers should area, however contingency

be provided with personal H2S detectors in locations plan for H2S is available at of high risk of exposure along with self-containing site. breathing apparatus. S Specific Condition Remarks N

xix. To prevent well blowout during operation Blow out BOP installed and maintained Preventer (BOP) system shall be installed. Focus on as per OMR, OISD guidelines. maintaining well bore hydrostatic pressure by proper Hydrostatic head was pre well planning, drilling fluid, logging etc. maintained as per GTO.

xx. The company shall take measure after completion of drilling process by well plugging and secured enclosures, decommissioning of rig upon abandonment of well, the D/S shall be restored to Yes, being followed as per the near original condition. In the event that no economic instructions. quantity of HC is found a full abandonment plan shall be implemented for site as per Indian Petroleum Regulations.

xxi. Occupational health surveillance of the workers shall PME being done at regular be carried out as per prevailing the prevailing Acts interval. and Rules.

xxii. In case the commercial viability of the project is established, the company shall prepare detailed plan Drilling under progress. for development of oil & gas fields and obtain fresh clearance from Ministry. xxiii. The company shall provide housing for construction labour within the site with all necessary infrastructures DSA with all infrastructures and facilities such as fuel for cooking , mobile toilets, and facilities such as fuel for cooking, mobile toilets, mobile mobile STP, safe drinking water , medical health care STP, safe drinking water, , crèche etc. the housing may be in the form of medical health care, is temporary structures to be removed after the available which is near to drill completion of the project. site.

B. GENERAL CONDITIONS

S. General Conditions Remarks No. i The project authorities must strictly Followed as per the Guidelines provided adhere to stipulations made by State by State Pollution Control Board and the Pollution Control Board and the State State Government. Government.

ii No further expansion or modification of project shall be carried without prior approval of MOEF. In case of deviation or alteration in the project proposal from those submitted to this ministry for Shall be complied if any clearance, a fresh reference shall be made to Ministry to access the adequacy of conditions imposed and to add additional environmental protection measures required if any. iii The emissions of (RSPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, HC& HOC) from DG set and flare stack shall conform the standards of Is strictly followed as per EPA and rules. SPCB. Regular monitoring of ambient air for HC and VOC as per CPCB guidelines. Stack height attached to DG sets shall be as per EPA and rules. iv The project authorities must strictly Comply with rules and regulations Is strictly followed under Manufacture, Storage and Import No hazardous chemicals (as listed) are of Hazardous Chemicals Rules being used however APCB will be 1989.Prior approval from Chief approached with list for authorisation as Inspectorate of Factories, Chief per MoEF guidelines. Controller of Explosive, Fire Safety Inspectorate etc must be obtained, wherever applicable. S. General Conditions Remarks No. v The project authorities must strictly Comply with rules and regulations with regard to handling and disposal of Hazardous Wastes (Management and Complied. handling) rules 1989/2003 wherever applicable. Authorisation from SPCB Authorisation from SPCB obtained. must be obtained for collections/ treatment/storage/ disposal of hazardous wastes. vi The overall noise levels in and around Is strictly followed and conform to EPA the plant shall be kept within the rules, 1989. standards by providing noise control measure including acoustic hoods, silencers, enclosures etc. on all sources of noise generation. The ambient noise levels shall conform to EPA rules, 1989 viz 75 dBA (daytime) and 70 dBA (night time). vii. A separate Environmental Management A separate HSE section exists that Cell equipped with full fledge laboratory monitor the environmental performance facilities to carry out environment of the project. Our regional laboratory is management and monitoring functions. well equipped with most of such facilities. viii The project authorities shall provide Adequate Budgetary Provision exists. adequate funds both recurring and non- The allocated budget shall not be recurring to implement the conditions diverted for any other purpose. stipulated by MOEF and State Govt. along with implementation schedule for all the conditions stipulated herein. The funds so provided shall not be diverted for any other purpose. ix The Regional Office of this Ministry/Central Pollution Control Board will monitor the stipulated condition.

A six monthly compliance and the Complied. monitored data along with statistical interpretation to be submitted to them regularly. S. General Conditions Remarks No. x The project proponent shall inform the public that the project has accorded environmental clearances and copies of clearances letters are available with the State Pollution Control Board and also be seen at Web site of the Ministry of Forests at http://www.envfor.nic.in.This Complied. shall be advertise within seven days of the issue of this letter in at least two local newspapers that are widely circulated in the region of which one shall be in the vernacular language of the locality concerned.. xi. The project authority shall inform the RO as well as the Ministry, the date of financial closure and final approval of Shall be informed. project by the concerned authorities and date of commencing of land development work. xii The above conditions will be enforced, inter-alia under provision of Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Air(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Environment Being followed. (Protection) Act 1986, Hazardous Waste Rules 1989, 2003 and Public Liability Insurance Act 1991 along with their amendments and rules.

,!

OIL & NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LTD. Assam & Assam Arakan Basin, HSE Section Cinnamara Complex Jorhat-785704

Fax:0376-2360014 Phone: 0376-2360033 .

No. A&AAB/HSE/ Six Mon. Comp. ReporU2015-16 I q4V Date:12.06.2015

To: 1. The Director, (lA) MoEF&CC, lndira Paryavaran Bhavan, Jorbagh Road New Delhi-110003

2. Chief Conservator of Forests, Kind attention: Dr H.TYNSONG (Scientist-C) Ministry of Environment and Forest, NE Regional office, LAW-U-SIB, LUMBATINGEN, NEAR MTC workshop, Shillong -7 9302t

Sub: Six Monthly Compliance Reporton Exploratory Drilling (as on 1"t of June,2015) in respect of A & AA Basin, ONGC, Jorhat.

Sir,

Please find enclosd herepith "Six Monthly Compliance Report" on environmental clearance stipulations for projects on Exploratory Drilling in South Assam Shelf Block, A&AA Basin, ONGC, . Jorhat, Assam. The reports cover the compliance status as on 1"t June,20'15. U- Thanking You,

(*^l*+6rt,; Yours faithfully, Pradeep Kumar DGM (D),Head-HSE

Copy to: For kind information pl.

1. ED- Basin Manager, ONGC, A & AA Basin, Cinnamara Qomplex, Jorhat. 2. GM- Block Manager, SAS Block, ONGC, A & AA Basin, Cinnambra Complex 3. Office Copy o\ry

SIX MONTHLY COMPLIANCE REPORT FOR ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE (As on 1st JUNE’ 2015)

1 Name of the project:- Exploratory Drilling for Oil & Gas at South Assam Shelf in Nambar & Khoraghat Areas, District: - Golaghat. Well: KHBA, KHAS, KHAZ &MGAA 2 Location of project/ address:- Golaghat Revenue Circle, District: - Golaghat. 3 Letter No. & date of Environment J-11011/147/2008-IA-II(I) dated 24.06.2009 Clearance granted by MOEF:- 4 Present Status of project:- KHBA- Competed as gas well. Closed. No production KHAS- Temporarily Abandoned KHAZ-Temporarily Abandoned MGAA-Under drilling.

A. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS

Sl. Specific Condition Remarks No. i. Compensation for the land acquisition to the The action has been taken as per norms of land oustees (if any) and for standing crop State Government shall be paid as per the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy (NRRP) 2007/State Government norms. It may be ensure that compensation provided shall not be less than the norms of the NRRP 2007. ii. The company shall obtain forest clearance Will obtain forest clearance wherever under Forests Conservation Act 1980 for the applicable. sites located within the forest area. iii. The company shall obtain permission to Complied establish under Air and water acts from State \pollution Control \board for each well and copy submitted to Ministry’s Regional Office at Shillong. iv. The company shall inform the details of the KHBA-Spud: 27.10.2014, HT: 17.12.2014 each drill site to Ministry’s Regional Office at Competed as gas well. Closed. No production Shillong. KHAS- Spud:11.04.2014, HT: 09.07.2014 Temporarily Abandoned. KHAZ-Spud: 14.07.2014, HT: 07.11.2014 Hermetically tested. Marked for testing. MGAA-Spud: 05.05.2015,Under drilling. v. The company shall make the arrangement for All DG sets are provided with acoustic control of noise from the drilling activity and enclosures. Moreover ear muffs and ear plugs from DG sets. are provided for the employees working near the DG sets. Sl. Specific Condition Remarks No. vi. The company shall comply with the guidelines Provisions for disposal pits with impervious of disposal of solid waste; drill cutting and lining for drill cuttings and waste water under drilling fluids for onshore drilling operation vide applicable norms of MoEF made at drill sites. GSR.546 (E) dated 30 August 2005 vii. The surface facilities shall be installed as per All the surface facilities installed were as per applicable codes and standards, international API standards stipulated for safety and practice and applicable local regulations. environment practices are being followed. In addition to that OMR, DGMS, MoEF, CPCB, and PCBA regulations and guidelines are being followed. viii. The top soil removed shall be stacked The top soil stacked will be used for the separately for reuse during restoration restoration process. process. ix. Drilling waste water including drill cuttings wash water shall be collected in disposal pit lined with HDPE lining evaporated or treated Waste water and drill cuttings are collected in and shall comply with the notified standards the impervious lined pit. for onshore disposal. The membership of common TSDF shall be obtained for the Mobile ETP deployed for recycling of waste disposal of drill cuttings and hazardous waste. water. Otherwise secured landfill shall be created at the site as per the design of the secured shall Secured landfill will be carried out when be approved by the CPCB and obtain the required. authorization of the SPCB. The design of the secured landfill shall be approved by SPCB. x. The company shall construct the garland drain all around the drilling site to prevent runoff of Complied with. any oil containing waste in to the nearby water bodies. xi. The recyclable waste (oily sludge) and spent No oily sludge is generated, but spent oil is oil shall be disposed of to authorized recyclers collected, transported to DTY for disposal as per HWMH RULES 1989. xii. Only water based drilling mud shall be used. The drilling mud shall be recycled. In case of Yes, only water based mud is being used use of synthetic mud due to any problem during drilling the well. The drilling mud is geological formation for drilling, low toxicity, oil Based mud (OBM) having aromatic content recycled. <1% shall be used. If it is intended to use such OBM/SBM to mitigate specific hole problem, it Complied. should be intimated to Ministry of Environment and Forest/SPCB. Sl. Specific Condition Remarks No. xiii. Quantities of storage of chemicals and The chemicals used for mud are not covered additives used for preparation of mud below under MSIHC Rules as non hazardous&non the specified threshold permitted under toxic chemicals are used in water base mud MSIHC Rules. xiv. Pre hire inspection, safety meetings, tool box OMR, OISD and SOPs are followed for safety meeting and audits to identify hidden/potential of equipment’s and employees. Inspections, hazardous. safety audits and safety meetings are carried out regularly for avoiding hazards. xv. The company shall take necessary measures Compiled. to prevent fire hazards, containing oil spill and soil remediation as needed. At place of ground All necessary measures are taken to prevent flaring, the overhead flaring stack with fire, oil spill and to keep gaseous emissions to knockout drums shall be installed to minimize minimum. Soil Bioremediation is done as and gaseous emissions during flaring. when required. xvi. The company shall take necessary measures to reduce noise levels at D/S by providing mitigation measures such as proper acoustic Required Safety measures are being followed enclosures to DG set and meet norms notified by MOEF. Height of all stacks/ vents shall be as per MoEF& CPCB guidelines. as per CPCB guidelines. xvii. To prevent fire and explosion at Oil & Gas For implementing safe distances to prevent facility, potential ignition source should be kept fire and explosion from potential ignition to a minimum and adequate distance between source OMR, OISD and RCP guidelines were potential ignition sources and flammable strictly followed. material should be in place. xviii. The company shall develop contingency plan for H2S release, all necessary aspects from This is not a H2S prone area. However, evacuation to resumption of normal Contingency plan for H2S is available at site. operations. The workers should be provided with personal H2S detectors in locations of high risk of exposure along with self containing breathing apparatus. xix. To prevent well blowout during operation Blow BOP installed and maintained as per OMR, out Preventor (BOP) system shall be installed. OISD guidelines. Hydrostatic head is Focus on maintaining well bore hydrostatic pressure by proper pre well planning, drilling maintained as per GTO. fluid, logging etc. Sl. Specific Condition Remarks No. xx. The company shall take measure after completion of drilling process, well plugging and secured enclosures, decommissioning of rig upon abandonment of well, the D/S shall Yes, being followed as per the standard be restored to near original condition. In the guideline. event that no economic quantity of HC is found a full abandonment plan shall be implemented for site as per Indian Petroleum Regulations. xxi. Occupational health surveillance of the Complied with. PME being carried out as per workers shall be carried out as per prevailing company guidelines. Acts and Rules. xxii. In case the commercial viability of the project is established, the company shall prepare This will be complied as per statutory detailed plan for development of oil & gas guidelines. fields and obtain fresh clearance from Ministry. xxiii. The company shall provide housing for construction labour within the site with all necessary infrastructure and facilities such as fuel for cooking, mobile toilets, mobile STP, Yes, it is being followed as per the guidelines safe drinking water, medical health care, and requirements. crèche etc. The housing may be in the form of temporary structures to be removed after the completion of the project.

B.GENERAL CONDITIONS

S. No. General Conditions Remarks i The project authorities must strictly adhere to The stipulations made by the PCBA stipulations made by Assam State Pollution Control and State Govt. are followed. Board, the State Government and any other satututory. ii No further expansion or modification of project shall Being complied. be carried without prior approval of MOEF. In case of deviation or alteration in the project proposal from those submitted to this ministry for clearance, a fresh reference shall be made to Ministry to access the adequacy of conditions imposed and to add additional environmental protection measures required if any. iii The emissions of (RSPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, HC& Ambient air & stack monitoring HOC) from DG set and flare stack shall conform the analysis is carried out by an Outside standards of SPCB. Regular monitoring of ambient Agency. The values of Ambient air air for HC and VOC as per CPCB guidelines. Stack and emission of DG set in the areas height attached to DG sets shall be as per EPA and (indicated) are within permissible rules. limit. S. No. General Conditions Remarks iv The project authorities must strictly Comply with No hazardous chemicals (as listed) rules and regulations under Manufacture, Storage are being used. and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules However, PCBA will be approached 1989.Prior approval from Chief Inspectorate of with list for authorization as per Factories, Chief Controller of Explosive, Fire Safety MOEF guidelineif required. Inspectorate etc must be obtained, wherever applicable. v The project authorities must strictly Comply with No hazardous chemicals (as listed) rules and regulations with regard to handling and are being used. disposal of Hazardous Wastes (Management and However, PCBA will be approached handling) rules 1989/2003 wherever applicable. fornecessary authorization as per Authorization from SPCB must be obtained for MOEF guidelines, if required. collections/ treatment / storage / disposal of hazardous wastes. vi The overall noise levels in and around the plant All DG sets are fitted with Acoustic shall be kept within the standards by providing noise Enclosures. control measure including acoustic hoods, silencers, The ambient noise values are well enclosures etc. on all sources of noise generation. within stipulated guideline. The ambient noise levels shall conform to EPA rules, 1989 viz. 75 dBA (daytime) and 70 dBA (night time). vii. A separate Environmental Management Cell Fully equipped Regional Geoscience equipped with full fledge laboratory facilities to carry Laboratory is located at Sivasagar. out environment management and monitoring functions. PCBA approved laboratories also engaged for the purpose. viii The project authorities shall provide adequate funds Complied. both recurring and non-recurring to implement the conditions stipulated by MOEF and State Govt. along with implementation schedule for all the conditions stipulated herein. The funds so provided shall not be diverted for any other purpose. ix The Regional Office of this Ministry/Central Pollution Six monthly compliance reports Control Board will monitor the stipulated condition. being submitted regularly by Basin A six monthly compliance and the monitored data HSE along with statistical interpretation to be submitted to them regularly. x The project proponent shall inform the public that Complied with. the project has accorded environmental clearances and copies of clearances letters are available with the State Pollution Control Board and also be seen at Web site of the Ministry of Forests at http://www.envfor.nic.in.This shall be advertise with in seven days of the issue of this letter in at least two local newspapers that are widely circulated in the region of which one shall be in the vernacular language of the locality concerned.. S. No. General Conditions Remarks xi. The project authorities shall inform the RO as well Noted for compliance. as the Ministry, the date of financial closure and final approval of project by the concerned authorities and date of commencing of land development work. xii The above conditions will be enforced, inter-alia All statutory requirements are under provision of Water (Prevention & Control of obtained by HSE Basin from PCBA Pollution) Act 1974, Air(Prevention & Control of under Water Act 1974, Air Act 1981, Pollution) Act 1981, Environment (Protection) Act and Hazardous Waste Rules 1989. 1986, Hazardous Waste Rules 1989, 2003 and Consent to establish application Public Liability Insurance Act 1991 along with their submitted in advance. amendments and rules.

(Pradeep Kumar) DGM(D), I/C HSE

AANNNNEEXXUURREE -- IIIIII EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT AANNDD SSAAFFEETTYY RREELLAATTEEDD PPOOLLIICCIIEESS

AANNNNEEXXUURREE -- IIVV CCOORRPPOORRAATTEE EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL PPOOLLIICCYY

AANNNNEEXXUURREE -- VV CCSSRR’’SS DDEETTAAIILLSS ((22001133--1144 AANNDD 22001144-- 1155))

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