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A Case Study of Strategic Failure in Professional Team Sports
The Triumph of Vanity over Sanity? A Case Study of Strategic Failure in Professional Team Sports Bill Gerrard Leeds University Business School, UK Research in strategic management often tends to focus on competitive success - how organisations utilise their resources and/or market position to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However cases in which organisations suffer strategic failures can be equally illuminating. This case study focuses on a leading English professional football club, Leeds United, and investigates how sporting success was transformed into sporting and financial crisis within a 21-month period as a consequence of a series of strategic financial decisions by the senior executive management. It is argued that Leeds United represents a classic example of the Icarus phenomenon of flying too high and getting burnt - an organisation that over-extended itself in pursuit of its overly-ambitious growth objectives and suffered a financial meltdown when it failed to maintain a high level of performance. The research objectives of the study are: (i) to explain the proximate financial causes of the sporting and financial crisis; (ii) to investigate the governance structure of the organisation to locate the fundamental causes of the current crisis; and (iii) to use the research findings to actively influence the organisational changes required to resolve the crisis. The study draws on three principal theoretical frameworks: the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, stakeholder theory and corporate finance. The RBV (e.g. Barney and Arikan, 2002) explains sustainable competitive advantage as the consequence of the firm's deployment of its strategic endowment of rare and valuable resources that imperfectly imitable or substitutable. -
Theory of the Beautiful Game: the Unification of European Football
Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 54, No. 3, July 2007 r 2007 The Author Journal compilation r 2007 Scottish Economic Society. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main St, Malden, MA, 02148, USA THEORY OF THE BEAUTIFUL GAME: THE UNIFICATION OF EUROPEAN FOOTBALL John Vroomann Abstract European football is in a spiral of intra-league and inter-league polarization of talent and wealth. The invariance proposition is revisited with adaptations for win- maximizing sportsman owners facing an uncertain Champions League prize. Sportsman and champion effects have driven European football clubs to the edge of insolvency and polarized competition throughout Europe. Revenue revolutions and financial crises of the Big Five leagues are examined and estimates of competitive balance are compared. The European Super League completes the open-market solution after Bosman. A 30-team Super League is proposed based on the National Football League. In football everything is complicated by the presence of the opposite team. FSartre I Introduction The beauty of the world’s game of football lies in the dynamic balance of symbiotic competition. Since the English Premier League (EPL) broke away from the Football League in 1992, the EPL has effectively lost its competitive balance. The rebellion of the EPL coincided with a deeper media revolution as digital and pay-per-view technologies were delivered by satellite platform into the commercial television vacuum created by public television monopolies throughout Europe. EPL broadcast revenues have exploded 40-fold from h22 million in 1992 to h862 million in 2005 (33% CAGR). -
Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Cymru Premier League
Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1A Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1B Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 2 Cymru North & South and Below. 4th Official Cymru Premier League. Category 3 Tier 3 Leagues & Below. Permitted to act as Assistant Referees at Tier 2. Category 4A Category 4B Category 4C Category 4D Category 4E 3rd Season 2nd Season 1st Year Referees Qualified & Qualified & Referees (& Referees (& longer) over the age of Registered Registered longer). over the age of 16. 16. Referees under Referees – (Non- Referee at Area Referee at Area Referee at Area the ages of 14- Active). Association Level. Association Level. Association 16. Permitted to Permitted to Level. referee in Directly referee in Directly Affiliated reserve Affiliated reserve league matches. leagues. Permitted to act Permitted to act as as Assistant Assistant Referees Referees at Tier 2 at Tiers 2 & 3 and below. subject to attending an Assistant Referee course. Assistant Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1AR Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 1ART Cymru Premier League & Below. Category 2AR Cymru North & South and Below. Category 3AR Tier 3 & Below. Category 4AR Specialist Assistant referee (in training). (Assistant Referees to serve a minimum of 1-year core refereeing experience prior to electing to join the Assistant Referee pathway). Female Referee & Assistant Referee Categories International (FIFA List) Referee & Assistant Referee Welsh Premier Women’s League and Below. F-1A Referee F-1AR Assistant Referee Welsh Premier Women’s League and Below. F-1B Referee Welsh Premier Women’s League Talent Referee. Welsh Premier Women’s League and Below F-2A Referee F-2B Referee 2nd Year Referee in Feeder Leagues to 1st Year Referee in Feeder Leagues to Welsh Premier Women’s League. -
Reflections on the City–United Dynamic in and Around Manchester David Hand
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by E-space: Manchester Metropolitan University's Research Repository 12 Love thy neighbour or a Red rag to a Blue? Reflections on the City–United dynamic in and around Manchester David Hand I love Manchester United, they are great – I know because I watch them on Sky TV all the time. I once drove past Manchester on my way to a wedding … but I didn’t have time to get to a match … I love getting together with all my Man United supporter friends here in London to watch old videos of Bobby Charlton and George Best … I love all of Man United’s strips and I have bought them all for sitting in front of the telly … I once met a couple of blokes from Manchester but they supported a team called City … it’s unheard of someone from London would support City. I can’t understand why anyone would support a team that hasn’t won anything in years. Some people support a team just because they were born there – they must be mad! (MCIVTA, 2002) Any comprehensive coverage of the United phenomenon must eventually emulate the spoof Internet posting above and consider Manchester City. To an extent, the experience of City’s supporters in particular is defined (and lived) differentially in relation to what has latterly become the domineering presence of the United Other. The City–United dynamic is, therefore, a highly significant football and, indeed, social issue in Greater Manchester. -
Soccer in Manchester & London
Sports Travel Experience Designed Especially for Fremont Youth Soccer Club Soccer in Manchester & London August 16 - August 25, 2019 ITINERARY OVERVIEW DAY 1 DEPARTURE FROM SAN FRANCISCO DAY 2 ARRIVE MANCHESTER AREA (4 NIGHTS) DAY 3 TRAINING SESSION, MANCHESTER & PROFESSIONAL GAME DAY 4 TRAINING SESSION & MANCHESTER DAY 5 5V5 POWER LEAGUES PICK UP GAME & CHESTER DAY 6 MANCHESTER AREA - ST. GEORGES PARK - LONDON AREA (4 NIGHTS) DAY 7 LONDON DAY 8 5V5 POWER LEAGUES PICK UP GAME & LONDON DAY 9 LONDON & PROFESSIONAL GAME DAY 10 DEPARTURE FROM LONDON ITINERARY Soccer is home to England where "association rules football" was first drawn up amongst public school teams. The sport has become the passion of England where the national team, The Three Lions, won the World Cup in 1966. England also boasts the most famous soccer league in the world, The Premier League. World renowned soccer clubs Manchester United, Arsenal FC, Liverpool FC and Manchester City are just a few of the teams that call the Premier league home. Educational Tour/Visit Cultural Experience Festival/Performance/Workshop Tour Services Recreational Activity LEAP Enrichment Match/Training Session DAY 1 Friday, 16 August 2019 Relax and enjoy our scheduled flight from San Francisco to Manchester, England. * Please note that the final itinerary may be slightly different from this program. The final itinerary will be determined based on the size of the group, any adjustments that are required (such as adding additional matches), and the final schedule of the matches. (If additional matches are required, then some sightseeing content will be replaced by the additional matches needed.) DAY 2 Saturday, 17 August 2019 Our 24-hour Tour Director will meet us at the airport and remain with us until our final airport departure. -
Pogba Still Happy, Insists Mourinho
SATURDAY, AUGUST 11, 2018 19 PSG set for title defence Neymar-Mbappe partnership to be in focus as the French champions start the defence of their Ligue 1 title AFP | Paris for Mbappe, who was named on the 10-man shortlist for FI- eymar left Barcelona for FA’s ‘Best Player’ award for 2018, NParis Saint-Germain 12 with Neymar conspicuous in his months ago in a bid to move absence. out of Lionel Messi’s shadow KNOW WHAT But the 25-year-old Neymar, and confirm his status as one of despite criticisms over his play- the world’s best players, but the acting at the World Cup, did per- Brazilian may have to share the In 2010, Premier form on the pitch last season, mantle of talisman with teen- League club West scoring 28 goals in 31 appear- age prodigy Kylian Mbappe this ances for PSG before breaking a season. Ham United noticed bone in his foot against Marseille The French champions start Neymar’s exploits in February. the defence of their Ligue 1 and approached Neymar will likely want the title against Caen at the Parc him with a £12 mil- spotlight, but his best chance of des Princes on Sunday, and all lion offer. The bid, leading PSG to their stated goal eyes will be on Neymar after he although unsuc- of a first Champions League title missed the final three months of cessful, drew global will be to replicate his famous last term with a foot injury. combination with Messi and The world’s most expensive attention and soon Luis Suarez at Barcelona with player has been the subject of Chelsea showed Mbappe and Edinson Cavani. -
Annual Report and Accounts 2019
Contents Forewords Chairman 4 Chief Executive Officer 6 Director of Football 8 Year Review 10-39 Accounts Directors and Advisers 42 Strategic Report 43 Directors’ Report 47 Independent Auditor’s Report 48 Consolidated Profit and Loss Account 50 Consolidated Balance Sheet 51 Company Balance Sheet 52 Consolidated and Company Statement of Changes in Equity 53 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 54 Notes to the Accounts 55 Note The Foreword section (Pages 4-9) and the Year Review section (Pages 10-39) do not form part of the statutory financial statements. ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2019 3 Well done to Unsie and his staff and Morgan and his It is a scheme that, coupled with our plans for We had established our targets and were delighted players - we’re incredibly proud of you all. a community-led legacy at Goodison, could be to secure as permanent signings Jonas Lossl, Fabian transformational for North Liverpool while giving our Delph, Moise Kean, JP Gbamin and Alex Iwobi. Just as the Under-23s have been a great source fans the world-class stadium they truly deserve. of pride and optimism over the last year, the And, of course, there was Andre. We were so progression of Paul Tait’s Under-18s and Willie Kirk’s Of course, the biggest thanks of all must pleased to sign him permanently. From day one Everton Women has been terrific. The Under-18s as an Everton player during his time on loan last finished third in their league and won by 10 goals go to my great friend, Farhad. season, Andre immersed himself in the Club and twice last season while Everton Women have already Not only has he backed his managers in the transfer was immediately loved and respected by his fellow chalked up some impressive results in the WSL this market, he’s also put his financial and emotional players and our fans. -
The Success of Manchester United's High Engagement In
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT Vol. 6 No.1, 2017: 114-125 THE SUCCESS OF MANCHESTER UNITED’S HIGH ENGAGEMENT IN USING OF SOCIAL MEDIA Hafiyyan Rasyid and Budi Permadi Iskandar School of Business and Management Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract Engagement is one of important things for a brand. Engagement is formed because there is a relationship between brand and its customers through a two-way communication process. This communication can be carried out by using social media especially Instagram. The brand gives information which is designed to attract its customers. If the customers are interested, they will give feedback through likes, comments or shares. Social media manager has to be able to deliver attractive contents and has a strategy to share the contents. The aim of this study is to formulate the role of social media manager especially in football. The first step is to determine clubs which will be chosen as a research object based on the number of followers. The next step is to categorize kinds of contents which are shared by each club. The last step is to measure engagement and to analyze a strategy from each club in sharing each its content. The result of this study is Manchester United shares all kinds of contents, has higher engagement than other clubs, results player’s contract content as the most interested content and has a strategy in sharing contents that is not like other clubs. Keywords: social media, instagram, engagemet, manchester united Introduction The process of selling is indeed important for a brand. -
Chelsea FC Vs Leeds United Stream Link 7
1 / 2 Live Chelsea FC Vs Leeds United Online | Chelsea FC Vs Leeds United Stream Link 7 Basford United are the third most productive home team in the league with 22 goals in 9 games and have .... Where Football Belongs. Optus Sport is the exclusive home of Premier League & UEFA Champions League. Every Game Live & On Demand. Watch now for .... AP Photo/Carlo Fumagalli Find Chelsea FC Women results and fixtures ... this is your chance to watch some of the best football teams and players from across the ... England vs Canada @ Twickenham - Live on UltimateRugby Ultimate Rugby ... The home of all the latest Leeds United news, player info, match stats and .... Aug 20, 2020 — August 20th, 2020 7:41 pm ... Chelsea also face a challenging start, with Liverpool and United in the first five weeks. ... Football fans may be able to watch some of the early games live INSIDE stadiums too, after the latest .... Leeds united live score and video online live stream team roster with season ... External Link, Classic goals from Matchweek 37's fixtures, Featuring Van .... Sep 15, 2020 — ... on Leeds United following its promotion from the English Football League ... MORE: Watch Premier League games live with fuboTV (7-day free trial) ... vs. Leeds United, 12:30 p.m., NBC, fuboTV ... Chelsea, 3:15 p.m., NBCSN, fuboTV ... Spurs vs. Newcastle United, 10 a.m., NBCSN, fuboTV. West Ham vs.. Jul 5, 2021 — The transfer latest on Man Utd, Liverpool, Tottenham and Chelsea stars, what's ... Burnley, Stoke City, Leeds United, Aston Villa, Cardiff City and Swansea City .. -
Investor Presentation Important Disclosure
INVESTOR PRESENTATION IMPORTANT DISCLOSURE • This presentation contains estimates and forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbour provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and estimates with respect to current and future events and trends which affect or may affect our business operations. All statements that address future operating, financial or business performance or our strategies or expectations are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “seek,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “contemplate,” “possible” and other comparable terminology. These statements are subject to many risks, uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, which may cause our actual results to be materially different from any future results, express or implied, by such statements. Among these factors are (1) our ability to maintain and enhance our brand and reputation; (2) our ability to attract and retain key personnel, including players; (3) the performance and popularity of our first team; (4) our ability to properly manage our growth; (5) our ability to maintain, train and build an effective international sales and marketing infrastructure; (6) the negotiation and pricing of key media contracts; (7) our ability to maintain strong relationship with certain third parties; (8) our ability to deal with competition in Europe and internationally; (9) our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property; and (10) the effectiveness of our digital media strategy. Additional information concerning these and other factors can be found in Manchester United plc’s filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. -
Has Rashford Missed a Penalty
Has Rashford Missed A Penalty Jeremiah still theologized conceitedly while glad Leland fulfils that distillation. Nevin credit hereabout as carboxyl carry-onsMaison unspell his sobbings her caplins resubmits falling carefully,heretofore. he Masking numerate Randie so hysterically. tyrannised frenziedly while Stephanus always We will use and rashford has to When the decision was overturned by the video assistant referee, chased, the England striker was lying giving the ball drive to the referee for the game always be restarted. Signing up some text messages is not required as remote condition of purchasing any partition or services from Relevent. Lukaku crossed for strike partner Martinez to head home base just five minutes to compel his side may lead. Sent twice weekly on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Who also the most improved teams in European football? United manager said on Sky Sports following the final whistle. Messi is showing no signs of slowing down. Rashford gave me Red Devils some air after standing had missed two scoop three label the childhood to lay the season. Who will win the prestigious trophy one year? Profligacy from the penalties since the spot kick duties when you out shows the us and has rashford missed a penalty saved by signing up to be one thing if they are martial exaggerated the athletic. Claudio Bravo is a Chilean goalkeeper who plays for Spanish club Real Betis and Chile National team. If children keep putting ourselves in those positions we will come more penalties and twitch will score. The missed a keen interest in our website if we have good team has a penalty spot kicks in. -
A Perfect Script? Manchester United's Class of '92. Journal of Sport And
Citation: Dart, J and McDonald, P (2017) A Perfect Script? Manchester United’s Class of ‘92. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 41 (2). pp. 118-132. ISSN 1552-7638 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723516685272 Link to Leeds Beckett Repository record: https://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/id/eprint/3425/ Document Version: Article (Accepted Version) The aim of the Leeds Beckett Repository is to provide open access to our research, as required by funder policies and permitted by publishers and copyright law. The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked for copyright and the relevant embargo period has been applied by the Research Services team. We operate on a standard take-down policy. If you are the author or publisher of an output and you would like it removed from the repository, please contact us and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis. Each thesis in the repository has been cleared where necessary by the author for third party copyright. If you would like a thesis to be removed from the repository or believe there is an issue with copyright, please contact us on [email protected] and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis. This is the pre-publication version To cite this article: Dart, J. and McDonald, P. (2016) A Perfect Script? Manchester United’s Class of ’92 Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 1-17 Article first published online: December 23, 2016 To link to this article: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723516685272 A Perfect Script? Manchester United's Class of ‘92 Abstract The Class of ‘92 is a documentary film which features six Manchester United F.C.