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Mnohonôžky (Diplopoda) Mesta Banská Bystrica (Stredné Slovensko)

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Mnohonôžky (Diplopoda) Mesta Banská Bystrica (Stredné Slovensko) Folia faunistica Slovaca 17 (3) 2012: 291–296 www.ffs.sk Mnohonôžky (DiplopoDa) Mesta Banská Bystrica (streDné slovensko) Slavomír Stašiov, Gabriela Fridrichová, Šimon Kertys, Lucia Miňová, Andrea Uhlíková & Peter Urblík Katedra biológie a všeobecnej ekológie, Fakulta ekológie a environmentalistiky, Technická univerzita vo Zvolene, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia [[email protected]] abstract: The paper deals with the results of research focused on the species structure of millipede fauna on 6 sites in the town Banská Bystrica (Central Slovakia).Julus curvicornis Millipedes were captured by pitfall trapping in 2011. In total, 519- individuals from 11 species were recorded in the researched area. The records of J. curvicornis Verhoeff, 1899 is interesting because the species was re corded in the urban environment only the second time generally. We can be assume that is able to colonize wider range of habitats than was previouslykey words: believed. Banská Bystrica, Diplopoda, Slovakia, urban. úvoD - uvedených sídiel, alebo z ich okolia. Mnohonôžky v- - extraviláne Bratislavy študovali Mišík et al. (1974), Faunistický výskum sa u nás už tradične sústre - Krumpál (1993), Mock & Janský (2000), Holeco ďuje predovšetkým na chránené časti prírody, pri - - vá et al. (2005), Stašiov (2005; nepubl.). Sporadic čom urbánne prostredie je zväčša mimo záujmu - ké údaje o mnohonôžkach z iných miest a obcí Slo väčšiny zoológov. Platí to aj o výskume mnohonô venska prinášajú tiež práce Mock & Janský (2000),- žok. Najstaršie údaje o výskyte mnohonôžok v in- Mock (2001a, 2001b, 2004, 2006), Stašiov (2004, travilánoch z územia Slovenska poskytuje práca 2009), Hazuchová et al. (2008, 2009), Palkovičo Szakmáry (1891). Obsahuje záznamy nálezov via vá & Mock (2008), Droběnová & Mock (2009) a cerých druhov mnohonôžok v Banskej Štiavnici, - Sklených Tepliciach a vo Vyhniach. Szakmáryho Varga et al. (2010). údaje pravdepodobne prevzal Petricskó (1892),- V poslednom období badať zvýšený záujem o pod- keďže sa sám nevenoval výskumu mnohonôžok a robnejšie zmapovanie fauny mnohonôžok v našich jeho práca obsahuje identické údaje o lokalitách vý- mestách (Hazuchová & Stašiov 2010a, 2010b; Sta skytu a nájdených druhoch ako práca Szakmáry šiov 2005; Stašiov & Hazuchová 2010a, 2010b).- (1891). K najstarším prácam poskytujúcim infor- Práca prináša prvý komplexnejší prehľad fauny mácie o mnohonôžkach z mestského prostredia na mnohonôžok mesta Banská Bystrica, ktorý rozši našom území patrí aj štúdia Ortvaya (1902). Uve- ruje poznatky o synantropnej faune mnohonôžok dená práca prináša údaje o nálezoch mnohonôžok z na našom území. Materiál a MetóDy územia Bratislavy. Výskumu diplopodofauny Kozá- roviec, Kremnice, Novej Bane, Rudna nad Hronom, - Rybníka, Sklených Teplíc, Tekovských Lužian, To - poľčianok a niektorých ďalších slovenských miest Skúmané lokality ležia v intraviláne Banskej Bys a obcí sa venoval Dudich (1958). Je však otázne, či trice. Toto mesto je administratívnym, hospodár jeho práca obsahuje údaje z urbánneho prostredia skym a kultúrnym centrom stredného Slovenska. Stašiov S, Fridrichová G, Kertys Š, Miňová L, Uhlíková A & Urblík P, 2012: Millipedes (Diplopoda) in the town Banská By- strica (Central Slovakia). Folia faunistica Slovaca, 17 (3): 291–296. [in Slovak] Received 22 March 2012 ~ Accepted 11 May 2012 ~ Published 26 October 2012 © Faunima, Bratislava, 2012 ISSN 1336-4529 (online) ISSN 1335-7522 (print) 292 Stašiov S et al.: Diplopoda in the town Banská Bystrica - 6. pod Urpínom - Zároveň je sídlom jedného z ôsmich krajov Sloven skej republiky. Počtom obyvateľov (85 000) je šies- GS – 48° 43’ 53,24” S 19° 8’ 53,01” V, NMV – 368 m, tym najväčším mestom na Slovensku. Leží v údolí- E – SZ, B – jedna pasca bola umiestnená pri javore, rieky Hron v severozápadnej časti Zvolenskej kotli- druhá pri hrabe. ny, pričom zo západnej strany je obklopené Krem - Mnohonôžky boli odchytávané metódou zemných nickými vrchmi a zo severozápadnej strany Staro pascí, pričom na každej študovanej lokalite boli po- horskými vrchmi. - užité dve pasce (spolu 12 pascí). Ako pasce slúžili- Nadmorská výška mesta (na Námestí SNP) je 362- umelohmotné poháre s objemom 0,3 litra a s prie m. Leží v mierne chladnej klimatickej oblasti s prie merom ústia 7,5 cm, ktoré boli cca do polovice ob mernou teplotou vzduchu v júli 16 až 17 °C a v ja jemu naplnené 10 % formaldehydom. Pasce boli v nuári -3,5 až -6 °C. Priemerný ročný úhrn zrážok sa- teréne exponované nepretržite od 29. 6. do 14. 10. tu pohybuje v rozmedzí 600 až 850 mm (Michalko- 2011 a materiál bol z pascí vybraný iba raz, a to na 1986). Geologické podložie na území mesta je tvore konci odchytového obdobia. né spodnou kriedou a morským triasom. Pozdĺž rie- Získaný materiál bol v laboratóriu roztriedený do ky Hron prevládajú nivné pôdy, pod kopcom Urpín - radov, podtried, resp. tried a konzervovaný v 4 %- rendziny a pararendziny a západne a severozápad formaldehyde. Mnohonôžky boli konzervované- ne od Hrona hnedé pôdy na silikátoch so sprievod v 70 % etylalkohole a uložené do skúmaviek ozna nými rendzinami (Michalko 1986). čených štítkami s údajmi o dátume zberu a lokali- Pôvodnú vegetáciu na území mesta tvorili po oboch- te. U každého jedinca bola podľa možností zistená- brehoch Hrona lužné lesy nížinné (Ulmenion), pod- druhová príslušnosť, pohlavie a veková trieda (ju kopcom Urpín najmä bukové lesy vápnomilné (Ce venil, subadult, adult). Dokladový materiál je depo phalanthero-Fagenion), západne, resp. severozá- novaný na Katedre biológie a všeobecnej ekológie padne od Hrona prevažne dubovo-hrabové lesy- FEE TU vo Zvolene. (Carici pilosae-Carpinenion betuli) s prímesou du - Na vyhodnotenie podobnosti lokalít na základe- bových nátržníkových lesov (Potentilo albae-Quer skladby diplopodofauny bola použitá zhluková- cion) a pozdĺž troch pravostranných prítokov Hro - analýza. Údaje o početnosti mnohonôžok na štu- na (Bystrica, Tajovský potok, Malachovský potok) dovaných lokalitách boli odmocninovo transfor lužné lesy podhorské a horské (Alnenion glutinoso mované, aby výsledky neboli prevážené dominant -incanea, Salicion triandrae p. p., Salicion eleagni) nými druhmi. Analýza podobnosti spoločenstiev (Michalko 1986). bola založená na Bray-Curtisovom indexe (Bray & Výskum bol realizovaný na 6 vybraných lokalitách- Curtis 1957) s použitím zhlukovacieho algoritmu (3 cintoríny, 3 parky) situovaných v intraviláne priemernej vzdialenosti (Unweighted Pair-Group Banskej Bystrice (Obr. 1). Na každej lokalite boli za- Method using arithmetic Averages − UPGMA). ložené po 2 stacionáre, tzn. že spolu bolo na území Banskej Bystrice založených 12 stacionárov repre zentujúcich rôzne typy biotopov. Zoznam a stručná 1. cintorín v radvani charakteristika študovaných lokalít: - Geografické súradnice (GS) – 48° 43’ 8,46” S; 19° 7’ 47,46” V, nadmorská výška (NMV) – 372 m, expozí cia (E) – V, biotop (B) – obe pasce boli umiestnené 2. cintorín pri námestí Štefana Moysesa pri lipách. - GS – 48° 44’ 18,25” S 19°8’ 49,96” V, NMV – 375 m, E – JV, B – jedna pasca bola umiestnená pri lipe, dru 3. cintorín v sásovej há pri jaseni. - GS – 48° 45’ 20,96” S 19° 9’ 49,04” V, NMV – 406 m, E – JZ, B – jedna pasca bola umiestnená pri tuji, dru 4. Mestský park há pri javore. - GS – 48° 44’ 13,96” S 19° 8’ 22,36” V, NMV – 348 m, obrázok 1. E – bez, B – jedna pasca bola umiestnená pri plata 5. okolie rybníka pri záhradkárskej kolónii Situačný nákres umiestnenia študovaných ne, druhá pri agáte. lokalít (1 – cintorín v Radvani, 2 – cintorín pri Námestí Štefana Moysesa, 3 – cintorín v Sásovej, 4 – mestský GS – 48° 43’ 49,99” S 19° 10’ 5,8” V, NMV – 345 m, park, 5 – okolie rybníka pri záhradkárskej kolónii, 6 – E – bez, B – obe pasce boli umiestnené pri jelšiach. pod Urpínom). Folia faunistica Slovaca 17 (3) 2012: 291–296 293 tabuľka 1. Celková epigeická aktivita mnohonôžok zistená na skúmaných lokalitách (1 – cintorín v Radvani, 2 – cintorín pri Námestí Štefana Moysesa, 3 – cintorín v Sásovej, 4 – mestský park, 5 – okolie rybníka pri záhradkárskej kolónii, 6 – pod Urpínom). lokalita taxón ∑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 G. hexasticha C. boleti 1 1 J. curvicornis 1 8 9 L. proximus 1 1 O. sabulosus 3 5 8 U. foetidus 1 1 2 U. transilvanicus 4 4 H. eremita 32 12 1 45 C. rawlinsii 3 3 6 S. stigmatosum 4 4 P. complanatus 1 1 ∑ 1 1 9 461 34 13 519 1 418 17 2 438 7. Unciger transsilvanicus (verhoeff, 1899) ♂♂ ♀♀ - Analýza bola urobená v programovacom jazyku R ♂♂ ♀♀ - (R Development Core Team 2011). Mestský park♀ – 3 ad., 29 ad., Park pri auto výsleDky busovej stanici – 2 ad., 10 ad., Park pod Ur pínomrad: chordeumatida – 1 ad. čeľaď: Mastigophorophyllidae Celkovo bolo na študovanom území získaných 519 8. Haploporatia eremita (verhoeff, 1909) mnohonôžok z 11 druhov patriacich do 6 čeľadí. ♀♀ - Druhovo bola najbohatšia čeľaď Julidae (6). Údaje ♂ ♀♀ o celkovej epigeickej aktivite mnohonôžok zistené Sásovský cintorín – 2 ad., 1 ? juv., Park pod Ur čeľaď: Craspedosomatidae na skúmaných lokalitách za celé obdobie výskumu pínom – 1 ad., 2 ad. sú uvedené v tabuľke (Tab. 1). 9. Craspedosoma cf. rawlinsii leach, 1815 - ♀♀ Zoznam druhov a počty odchytených jedincov na študovaných lokalitách v rámci jednotlivých pohla Sásovskýrad: polydesmida cintorín – 4 ad. ví a vekových skupín (juv. – juvenil, sub. – subadult, čeľaď: paradoxosomatidae ad.trieda: – adult): Diplopoda 10. Strongylosoma stigmatosum (eichwald, rad: Glomerida 1830) čeľaď: Glomeridae ♂ 1. Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 čeľaď: polydesmidae ♀ Park pri autobusovej stanici – 1 ad. 11. Polydesmus complanatus (linnaeus, 1761) Parkrad:
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