Neoplastic Hematopathology CONTEMPORARY HEMATOLOGY Judith E
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Neoplastic Hematopathology CONTEMPORARY HEMATOLOGY Judith E. Karp, MD, Series Editor For other titles published in the series, go to www.springer.com/series/7681 Neoplastic Hematopathology Experimental and Clinical Approaches Edited by Dan Jones, MD, PhD Department of Hematopathology M. D. Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas Houston, TX USA Editor Dan Jones Department of Hematopathology M. D. Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas Houston, TX USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-60761-383-1 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-384-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-384-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009932414 © Humana Press, a part of Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not iden- tified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, nei- ther the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface My goal for this textbook is to provide an overview of the discipline of hematopathology that connects the field with recent advances in immunology research and with current clinical practice in the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias. With separate sections on laboratory techniques, diagnostic hematopathology, treatment, and stem cell transplantation, this book is designed to be useful for both trainees and specialists in pathology and hematology-oncology. We have also summarized the current directions in translational research that will be of most interest to experi- enced hematopathologists and scientists working in lymphoma and leukemia biology. The terminology and diagnostic categories used are those of the 4th World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, which was released in late 2008. However, the chapter authors also provide a clinical and experimen- tal context for this classification and point out areas where improvements are needed. A study guide is provided which highlights central concepts from each chapter to make the book suit- able for boards review in hematopathology and hematology-oncology. The concluding chapter attempts to connect broad swaths of cancer biology and immunology with the trend towards individualized risk prediction and therapeutics (i.e. personalized medicine). No area of pathology currently encompasses as many disparate disciplines as hematopa- thology, including laboratory medicine, molecular diagnostics, surgical pathology, clinical hematology and translational science. For this reason, I believe there is a need for a broader approach to the diagnostic endeavor that encompasses other approaches and concerns. My reasons for taking this more multidisciplinary approach arise out of my interactions over the last 10 years with my clinical colleagues at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in the departments of Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Stem Cell Transplantation, all of whom have helped me focus on the elements of diagnosis that most impact clinical care. I am grateful to have some of those colleagues joining me as coauthors to provide their insights into treatment. My interest in linking diagnostics more closely with clinical management was also shaped by my train- ing at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston where I had three terrific role models in this regard in Geraldine Pinkus, Chris Fletcher, and Ramzi Cotran. For their constant support of my work, I dedicate this book to my parents, Bernice Katz Jones and Professor Richard Victor Jones, whose boundless intellectual curiosity remains a continuing source of inspiration for me. I thank all the authors for their outstanding contributions and for their willingness to participate in this type of multi-disciplinary project. I also greatly appreciate the editorial assistance of Frances Louie at Humana Press and Sundardevadoss Dharmendra at SPi, as well as Brian Stewart, Jenna Boatright, Lakisha Rodgers, Orelia Kelly, and Steven Reyes at M.D. Anderson. Finally, I am greatly indebted to Roberto Miranda for his expert assistance with chapter review and editing. Houston, TX Dan Jones, MD, PhD v Contents Preface.............................................................................................................................. v Contributors..................................................................................................................... xi How to Use This Book..................................................................................................... xv Section 1 Introduction to Diagnosis and Laboratory Techniques 1 Approaches to Classification of Lymphoma and Leukemia.................................... 3 Dan Jones 2 Immunohistochemical Profiling of Lymphoma....................................................... 21 Matthew W. Anderson and Yasodha Natkunam 3 Flow Cytometry in the Evaluation of Hematologic Malignancies.......................... 45 Jeffrey L. Jorgensen 4 Molecular Diagnostics and Cytogenetic Testing..................................................... 61 Su Chen, Zhuang Zuo, and Dan Jones Section 2 Neoplasms of the Bone Marrow 5 The Bone Marrow in Normal and Disease States.................................................... 99 Dan Jones and Roberto N. Miranda 6 Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms................................................................................................................ 123 Sa A. Wang 7 Acute Myeloid Leukemia........................................................................................ 145 Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos 8 Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes.............. 165 Farhad Ravandi 9 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms................................................................................. 177 C. Cameron Yin and Dan Jones vii viii Contents 10 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia............................................................................. 193 Robert P. Hasserjian 11 Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms........................................................... 213 Starla Sweany and Elias Jabbour Section 3 Tumors of the Lymph Node and Extranodal Tissues 12 Lymph Node Biology and Lymphadenitis............................................................... 223 Roberto N. Miranda 13 Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma............................................................... 239 Andrea M. Sheehan 14 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma................... 251 Ellen Schlette 15 Marginal Zone Lymphomas..................................................................................... 263 Rachel L. Sargent 16 Follicular Lymphoma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma................................................. 279 Dan Jones 17 Aggressive B-cell Lymphomas: Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and Burkitt Lymphoma............................................................................................ 303 Henry Y. Dong 18 Therapy of B-cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders................................................... 323 Nathan Fowler, Sandra Horowitz, and Peter McLaughlin 19 Plasma Cell Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell Dyscrasias....................................... 333 Marwan A. Yared 20 Hodgkin Lymphoma................................................................................................ 349 Robert Lin, Dan Jones, and Sherif Ibrahim 21 Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma........................................................................... 367 Samer A. Srour and Luis E. Fayad 22 Classification of T-cell and NK-cell Malignancies.................................................. 391 Dan Jones 23 Clinical Management of Non-cutaneous T-cell and NK-cell Malignancies............ 413 Marco Herling 24 Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas.................................................................................. 427 Pranil Chandra, Mauricio P. Oyarzo, and Dan Jones 25 Treatment of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas............................................................ 449 Katherine M. Cox and Madeleine Duvic 26 Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms............................................................... 459 Kedar V. Inamdar and Dan Jones Contents ix 27 Extranodal Lymphomas and Tumors of the Thymus............................................... 477 Brian D. Stewart, John T. Manning, and Dan Jones Section 4 Stem Cell Transplantation 28 Clinical Aspects of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation............................... 505 Elizabeth J. Shpall and Marcos de Lima 29 Post-transplant Molecular