Osteology of the Late Triassic Aetosaur Scutarx Deltatylus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)
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Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia), and a Discussion on the Genus Theriosuchus
bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015. With 5 figures The first definitive Middle Jurassic atoposaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia), and a discussion on the genus Theriosuchus MARK T. YOUNG1,2, JONATHAN P. TENNANT3*, STEPHEN L. BRUSATTE1,4, THOMAS J. CHALLANDS1, NICHOLAS C. FRASER1,4, NEIL D. L. CLARK5 and DUGALD A. ROSS6 1School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK 2School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK 3Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW6 2AZ, UK 4National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK 5The Hunterian, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK 6Staffin Museum, 6 Ellishadder, Staffin, Isle of Skye IV51 9JE, UK Received 1 December 2014; revised 23 June 2015; accepted for publication 24 June 2015 Atoposaurids were a clade of semiaquatic crocodyliforms known from the Late Jurassic to the latest Cretaceous. Tentative remains from Europe, Morocco, and Madagascar may extend their range into the Middle Jurassic. Here we report the first unambiguous Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian–Bathonian) atoposaurid: an anterior dentary from the Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK. A comprehensive review of atoposaurid specimens demonstrates that this dentary can be referred to Theriosuchus based on several derived characters, and differs from the five previously recog- nized species within this genus. Despite several diagnostic features, we conservatively refer it to Theriosuchus sp., pending the discovery of more complete material. As the oldest known definitively diagnostic atoposaurid, this discovery indicates that the oldest members of this group were small-bodied, had heterodont dentition, and were most likely widespread components of European faunas. -
8. Archosaur Phylogeny and the Relationships of the Crocodylia
8. Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodylia MICHAEL J. BENTON Department of Geology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK JAMES M. CLARK* Department of Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA Abstract The Archosauria include the living crocodilians and birds, as well as the fossil dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and basal 'thecodontians'. Cladograms of the basal archosaurs and of the crocodylomorphs are given in this paper. There are three primitive archosaur groups, the Proterosuchidae, the Erythrosuchidae, and the Proterochampsidae, which fall outside the crown-group (crocodilian line plus bird line), and these have been defined as plesions to a restricted Archosauria by Gauthier. The Early Triassic Euparkeria may also fall outside this crown-group, or it may lie on the bird line. The crown-group of archosaurs divides into the Ornithosuchia (the 'bird line': Orn- ithosuchidae, Lagosuchidae, Pterosauria, Dinosauria) and the Croco- dylotarsi nov. (the 'crocodilian line': Phytosauridae, Crocodylo- morpha, Stagonolepididae, Rauisuchidae, and Poposauridae). The latter three families may form a clade (Pseudosuchia s.str.), or the Poposauridae may pair off with Crocodylomorpha. The Crocodylomorpha includes all crocodilians, as well as crocodi- lian-like Triassic and Jurassic terrestrial forms. The Crocodyliformes include the traditional 'Protosuchia', 'Mesosuchia', and Eusuchia, and they are defined by a large number of synapomorphies, particularly of the braincase and occipital regions. The 'protosuchians' (mainly Early *Present address: Department of Zoology, Storer Hall, University of California, Davis, Cali- fornia, USA. The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds (ed. M.J. Benton), Systematics Association Special Volume 35A . pp. 295-338. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988. -
Late Triassic) Adrian P
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/56 Definition and correlation of the Lamyan: A new biochronological unit for the nonmarine Late Carnian (Late Triassic) Adrian P. Hunt, Spencer G. Lucas, and Andrew B. Heckert, 2005, pp. 357-366 in: Geology of the Chama Basin, Lucas, Spencer G.; Zeigler, Kate E.; Lueth, Virgil W.; Owen, Donald E.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 56th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 456 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 2005 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. -
Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Instituto De Geociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Geociências
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS Ana Carolina Biacchi Brust DESCRIÇÃO OSTEOLÓGICA E RECONSTRUÇÃO 3D DO PRIMEIRO REGISTRO DE MATERIAL CRANIANO DE Aetosauroides scagliai CASAMIQUELA 1960 (ARCHOSAURIA: AETOSAURIA) PARA O NEOTRIÁSSICO DO SUL DO BRASIL (ZONA DE ASSOCIAÇÃO Hyperodapedon) Porto Alegre 2017 Ana Carolina Biacchi Brust DESCRIÇÃO OSTEOLÓGICA E RECONSTRUÇÃO 3D DO PRIMEIRO REGISTRO DE MATERIAL CRANIANO DE Aetosauroides scagliai CASAMIQUELA 1960 (ARCHOSAURIA: AETOSAURIA) PARA O NEOTRIÁSSICO DO SUL DO BRASIL (ZONA DE ASSOCIAÇÃO Hyperodapedon) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Geociências. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cesar Leandro Schultz Coorientadora: Drª. Julia Brenda Desojo Porto Alegre 2017 Brust, Ana Carolina Biacchi Descrição osteológica e reconstrução 3D do primeiro registro de material craniano de Aetosauroides scagliai Casamiquela 1960 (Archosauria: Aetosauria) para o Neotriássico do sul do Brasil (Zona de Associação Hyperodapedon) / Ana Carolina Biacchi Brust. -- 2017. 111 f. Orientador: Cesar Leandro Schultz. Coorientadora: Julia Brenda Desojo. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Porto Alegre, BR-RS, 2017. 1. Aetosauroides scagliai. 2. Aetosauria. 3. Pseudosuchia. 4. Archosauria. 5. Neotriássico. I. Schultz, Cesar Leandro, orient. II. Desojo, Julia Brenda, coorient. III. Título. Ana Carolina Biacchi Brust DESCRIÇÃO OSTEOLÓGICA E RECONSTRUÇÃO 3D DO PRIMEIRO REGISTRO DE MATERIAL CRANIANO DE Aetosauroides scagliai CASAMIQUELA 1960 (ARCHOSAURIA: AETOSAURIA) PARA O NEOTRIÁSSICO DO SUL DO BRASIL (ZONA DE ASSOCIAÇÃO Hyperodapedon) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Geociências. -
Craniofacial Morphology of Simosuchus Clarki (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 10 Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Volume 30, Supplement to Number 6: 13–98, November 2010 © 2010 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY OF SIMOSUCHUS CLARKI (CROCODYLIFORMES: NOTOSUCHIA) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF MADAGASCAR NATHAN J. KLEY,*,1 JOSEPH J. W. SERTICH,1 ALAN H. TURNER,1 DAVID W. KRAUSE,1 PATRICK M. O’CONNOR,2 and JUSTIN A. GEORGI3 1Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8081, U.S.A., [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701, U.S.A., [email protected]; 3Department of Anatomy, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona 85308, U.S.A., [email protected] ABSTRACT—Simosuchus clarki is a small, pug-nosed notosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Originally described on the basis of a single specimen including a remarkably complete and well-preserved skull and lower jaw, S. clarki is now known from five additional specimens that preserve portions of the craniofacial skeleton. Collectively, these six specimens represent all elements of the head skeleton except the stapedes, thus making the craniofacial skeleton of S. clarki one of the best and most completely preserved among all known basal mesoeucrocodylians. In this report, we provide a detailed description of the entire head skeleton of S. clarki, including a portion of the hyobranchial apparatus. The two most complete and well-preserved specimens differ substantially in several size and shape variables (e.g., projections, angulations, and areas of ornamentation), suggestive of sexual dimorphism. -
A Revision of the Upper Triassic Ornithischian Dinosaur Revueltosaurus, with a Description of a New Species
Heckert, A.B" and Lucas, S.O., eds., 2002, Upper Triassic Stratigraphy and Paleontology. New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Bulletin No.2 J. 253 A REVISION OF THE UPPER TRIASSIC ORNITHISCHIAN DINOSAUR REVUELTOSAURUS, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES ANDREW B. HECKERT New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104-1375 Abstract-Ornithischian dinosaur body fossils are extremely rare in Triassic rocks worldwide, and to date the majority of such fossils consist of isolated teeth. Revueltosaurus is the most common Upper Triassic ornithischian dinosaur and is known from Chinle Group strata in New Mexico and Arizona. Historically, all large (>1 cm tall) and many small ornithischian dinosaur teeth from the Chinle have been referred to the type species, Revueltosaurus callenderi Hunt. A careful re-examination of the type and referred material of Revueltosaurus callenderi reveals that: (1) R. callenderi is a valid taxon, in spite of cladistic arguments to the contrary; (2) many teeth previously referred to R. callenderi, particularly from the Placerias quarry, instead represent other, more basal, ornithischians; and (3) teeth from the vicinity of St. Johns, Arizona, and Lamy, New Mexico previously referred to R. callenderi pertain to a new spe cies, named Revueltosaurus hunti here. R. hunti is more derived than R. callenderi and is one of the most derived Triassic ornithischians. However, detailed biostratigraphy indicates that R. hunti is older (Adamanian: latest Carnian) than R. callenderi (Revueltian: early-mid Norian). Both taxa have great potential as index taxa of their respective faunachrons and support existing biochronologies based on other tetrapods, megafossil plants, palynostratigraphy, and lithostratigraphy. -
01 Oliveira & Pinheiro RBP V20 N2 COR.Indd
Rev. bras. paleontol. 20(2):155-162, Maio/Agosto 2017 © 2017 by the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia doi: 10.4072/rbp.2017.2.01 ISOLATED ARCHOSAURIFORM TEETH FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC CANDELÁRIA SEQUENCE (HYPERODAPEDON ASSEMBLAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN BRAZIL) TIANE MACEDO DE OLIVEIRA & FELIPE L. PINHEIRO Laboratório de Paleobiologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, R. Aluízio Barros Macedo, BR 290, km 423, 97300-000, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil. [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT – We describe isolated teeth found in the locality “Sítio Piveta” (Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone, Candelaria Sequence, Upper Triassic of the Paraná Basin). The material consists of five specimens, here classified into three different morphotypes. The morphotype I is characterized by pronounced elongation, rounded base and symmetry between lingual and labial surfaces. The morphotype II presents serrated mesial and distal edges, mesial denticles decreasing in size toward the base, distal denticles present until the base and asymmetry, with a flat lingual side and rounded labial side. The morphotype III, although similar to morphotype II, has a greater inclination of the posterior carinae. The conservative dental morphology in Archosauriformes makes difficult an accurate taxonomic assignment based only on isolated teeth. However, the specimens we present are attributable to “Rauisuchia” (morphotype II and III) and, possibly, Phytosauria (morphotype I). The putative presence of a phytosaur in the Carnian Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone would have impact in the South American distribution of the group. The taxonomic assignments proposed herein contribute to the faunal composition of the Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone, a critical unit on the study of the Upper Triassic radiation of archosaurs. -
On the Presence of the Subnarial Foramen in Prestosuchus Chiniquensis (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) with Remarks on Its Phylogenetic Distribution
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2016) (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150456 www.scielo.br/aabc On the presence of the subnarial foramen in Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) with remarks on its phylogenetic distribution LÚCIO ROBERTO-DA-SILVA1,2, MARCO A.G. FRANÇA3, SÉRGIO F. CABREIRA3, RODRIGO T. MÜLLER1 and SÉRGIO DIAS-DA-SILVA4 ¹Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil ²Laboratório de Paleontologia, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Bairro São José, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brasil ³Laboratório de Paleontologia e Evolução de Petrolina, Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rodovia BR 407, Km12, Lote 543, 56300-000 Petrolina, PE, Brasil 4Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa da Quarta Colônia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rua Maximiliano Vizzotto, 598, 97230-000 São João do Polêsine, RS, Brasil Manuscript received on July 1, 2015; accepted for publication on April 15, 2016 ABSTRACT Many authors have discussed the subnarial foramen in Archosauriformes. Here presence among Archosauriformes, shape, and position of this structure is reported and its phylogenetic importance is investigated. Based on distribution and the phylogenetic tree, it probably arose independently in Erythrosuchus, Herrerasaurus, and Paracrocodylomorpha. In Paracrocodylomorpha the subnarial foramen is oval-shaped, placed in the middle height of the main body of the maxilla, and does not reach the height of ascending process. In basal loricatans from South America (Prestosuchus chiniquensis and Saurosuchus galilei) the subnarial foramen is ‘drop-like’ shaped, the subnarial foramen is located above the middle height of the main body of the maxilla, reaching the height of ascending process, a condition also present in Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis. -
New Insights on Prestosuchus Chiniquensis Huene
New insights on Prestosuchus chiniquensis Huene, 1942 (Pseudosuchia, Loricata) based on new specimens from the “Tree Sanga” Outcrop, Chiniqua´ Region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Marcel B. Lacerda1, Bianca M. Mastrantonio1, Daniel C. Fortier2 and Cesar L. Schultz1 1 Instituto de Geocieˆncias, Laborato´rio de Paleovertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 2 CHNUFPI, Campus Amı´lcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauı´, Floriano, Piauı´, Brazil ABSTRACT The ‘rauisuchians’ are a group of Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs that displayed a near global distribution. Their problematic taxonomic resolution comes from the fact that most taxa are represented only by a few and/or mostly incomplete specimens. In the last few decades, renewed interest in early archosaur evolution has helped to clarify some of these problems, but further studies on the taxonomic and paleobiological aspects are still needed. In the present work, we describe new material attributed to the ‘rauisuchian’ taxon Prestosuchus chiniquensis, of the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone, Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of the Santa Maria Supersequence of southern Brazil, based on a comparative osteologic analysis. Additionally, we present well supported evidence that these represent juvenile forms, due to differences in osteological features (i.e., a subnarial fenestra) that when compared to previously described specimens can be attributed to ontogeny and indicate variation within a single taxon of a problematic but important -
Petrified Forest U.S
National Park Service Petrified Forest U.S. Department of the Interior Petrified Forest National Park Petrified Forest, Arizona Triassic Dinosaurs and Other Animals Fossils are clues to the past, allowing researchers to reconstruct ancient environments. During the Late Triassic, the climate was very different from that of today. Located near the equator, this region was humid and tropical, the landscape dominated by a huge river system. Giant reptiles and amphibians, early dinosaurs, fish, and many invertebrates lived among the dense vegetation and in the winding waterways. New fossils come to light as paleontologists continue to study the Triassic treasure trove of Petrified Forest National Park. Invertebrates Scattered throughout the sedimentary species forming vast colonies in the layers of the Chinle Formation are fossils muddy beds of the ancient lakes and of many types of invertebrates. Trace rivers. Antediplodon thomasi is one of the fossils include insect nests, termite clam fossils found in the park. galleries, and beetle borings in the petrified logs. Thin slabs of shale have preserved Horseshoe crabs more delicate animals such as shrimp, Horseshoe crabs have been identified by crayfish, and insects, including the wing of their fossilized tracks (Kouphichnium a cockroach! arizonae), originally left in the soft sediments at the bottom of fresh water Clams lakes and streams. These invertebrates Various freshwater bivalves have been probably ate worms, soft mollusks, plants, found in the Chinle Formation, some and dead fish. Freshwater Fish The freshwater streams and rivers of the (pictured). This large lobe-finned fish Triassic landscape were home to numerous could reach up to 5 feet (1.5 m) long and species of fish. -
Aetosaurs (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic (Revueltian) Snyder Quarry, New Mexico
Zeigler, K.E., Heckert, A.B., and Lucas, S.G., eds., 2003, Paleontology and Geology of the Snyder Quarry, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin No. 24. 115 AETOSAURS (ARCHOSAURIA: STAGONOLEPIDIDAE) FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC (REVUELTIAN) SNYDER QUARRY, NEW MEXICO ANDREW B. HECKERT, KATE E. ZEIGLER and SPENCER G. LUCAS New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104-1375 Abstract—Two species of aetosaurs are known from the Snyder quarry (NMMNH locality 3845): Typothorax coccinarum Cope and Desmatosuchus chamaensis Zeigler, Heckert, and Lucas. Both are represented entirely by postcrania, principally osteoderms (scutes), but also by isolated limb bones. Aetosaur fossils at the Snyder quarry are, like most of the vertebrates found there, not articulated. However, clusters of scutes, presumably each from a single carapace, are associated. Typothorax coccinarum is an index fossil of the Revueltian land- vertebrate faunachron (lvf) and its presence was expected at the Snyder quarry, as it is known from correlative strata throughout the Chama basin locally and the southwestern U.S.A. regionally. The Snyder quarry is the type locality of D. chamaensis, which is considerably less common than T. coccinarum, and presently known from only one other locality. Some specimens we tentatively assign to D. chamaensis resemble lateral scutes of Paratypothorax, but we have not found any paramedian scutes of Paratypothorax at the Snyder quarry, so we refrain from identifying them as Paratypothorax. Specimens of both Typothorax and Desmatosuchus from the Snyder quarry yield insight into the anatomy of these taxa. Desmatosuchus chamaensis is clearly a species of Desmatosuchus, but is also one of the most distinctive aetosaurs known. -
New Transitional Fossil from Late Jurassic of Chile Sheds Light on the Origin of Modern Crocodiles Fernando E
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN New transitional fossil from late Jurassic of Chile sheds light on the origin of modern crocodiles Fernando E. Novas1,2, Federico L. Agnolin1,2,3*, Gabriel L. Lio1, Sebastián Rozadilla1,2, Manuel Suárez4, Rita de la Cruz5, Ismar de Souza Carvalho6,8, David Rubilar‑Rogers7 & Marcelo P. Isasi1,2 We describe the basal mesoeucrocodylian Burkesuchus mallingrandensis nov. gen. et sp., from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) Toqui Formation of southern Chile. The new taxon constitutes one of the few records of non‑pelagic Jurassic crocodyliforms for the entire South American continent. Burkesuchus was found on the same levels that yielded titanosauriform and diplodocoid sauropods and the herbivore theropod Chilesaurus diegosuarezi, thus expanding the taxonomic composition of currently poorly known Jurassic reptilian faunas from Patagonia. Burkesuchus was a small‑sized crocodyliform (estimated length 70 cm), with a cranium that is dorsoventrally depressed and transversely wide posteriorly and distinguished by a posteroventrally fexed wing‑like squamosal. A well‑defned longitudinal groove runs along the lateral edge of the postorbital and squamosal, indicative of a anteroposteriorly extensive upper earlid. Phylogenetic analysis supports Burkesuchus as a basal member of Mesoeucrocodylia. This new discovery expands the meagre record of non‑pelagic representatives of this clade for the Jurassic Period, and together with Batrachomimus, from Upper Jurassic beds of Brazil, supports the idea that South America represented a cradle for the evolution of derived crocodyliforms during the Late Jurassic. In contrast to the Cretaceous Period and Cenozoic Era, crocodyliforms from the Jurassic Period are predomi- nantly known from marine forms (e.g., thalattosuchians)1.