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ISEP 2016 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MOBILE PHONE APPLICATION SOLUTIONS ACCESSIBILITY FOR INFORMING VISUALLY IMPAIRED PERSONS IN TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT Marko Periša, Ivan Cvitić, Rosana Elizabeta Sente Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences Vukelićeva 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract be accessible to them so that they could actively participate Visually impaired persons are constantly faced with various in the community and carry out daily activities. problems while creating movement routes using application The development of technology greatly affects on the solutions on their mobile terminal devices. These problems are: Quality of Life (QoL) of TGU, in the way that there are so nonadaptable mobile phones, application solution and available many opportunities to make accessible content. Application solutions depend on different operating product/device/service which can ensure reduced isolation systems, their characteristics and performances of mobile from society. One of these currently available solutions are terminal devices. In this research, the accessibility of mobile touchscreen mobile phones. Persons without disabilities can terminal devices and applications for informing visually impaired persons in traffic environment were analyzed. easily use mobile phones, while for visually impaired persons Analysis was conducted on the basis of available scientific and these devices are difficult to use. The main reason is the lack technical literature in order to identify the most common of the buttons that can help visually impaired to know with operating systems and their characteristics for providing certainty that they pressed the right number/letter. The accurate information to the end user. In addition to the accessibility of available application solutions and the characteristics of the operating system, hardware components delivery of accurate information to end users can greatly of mobile terminal devices such as an accelerometer, gyroscope, affect on their movement in the traffic network. In addition, GPS, etc. have great importance in informing the users of the it is necessary to provide real time information to users to transport network. Accessibility of available application maximize their movement safety. solutions and hardware devices important for making accurate and accessible information were analyzed according to the This research is focused on comparative analysis of recommendation of universal design. Using comparative operating systems (OS) and the accessibility of mobile analysis, the selection of the optimal operating system and phones. Based on that distribution, the accessibility of application were made to provide accurate information about application solutions which can provide necessary the movement and direction of the user (personal digital information for easier orientation in traffic network was also assistant). analyzed. The aim of this research is to show what kind of mobile phone, depending on OS, is accessible for visually Keywords impaired persons and point to the problems which still exist Assitive technologies, universal design, mobile phones, in available solutions. The purpose of this research is to give operating system necessary information to visually impaired on suitable mobile phone solutions and simple choice of OS for simpler INTRODUCTION usage and informing in traffic network. The methodology used in this research is an analysis of The use of mobile phones is a part of everyday life for the current scientific literature from which were obtained many years. Mobile phones changed the ways of how people information about used technologies, mobile phones and communicate or how they get needed information. They also their accessibility. Historical method was used for short changed the ways of receiving requested information while description of mobile phone development, their accessibility moving through transport network. According to the World and how did the development of technologies affected the Health Organization, there are 285 million people with visual increased number of services offered to users. With impairment, of which 39 millions are blind and 246 million comparative and compilation methods, the accessibility of have some form of visual impairment. [1] Visual impaired Android, iOS and Windows Phone mobile phones were persons are divided on blind and low sighted persons, and the analyzed as well as the possibilities of application solutions size of visual impairment is often measured with the width of for informing users in traffic environment. the rest of the vision and the width of the vision field. In Croatia, there are 17 356 visually impaired persons. [2] The PREVIOUS RESEARCH subject of this research are visually impaired persons that belong to the targeted group of users (TGU). A number of research is focused on the accessibility of Users are constantly confronted with the accessibility mobile phones and application solutions for visually problems of mobile phone content which can affect on their impaired. There are also researches that examined which orientation in exterior field. Products/devices/services should services are often used on mobile phones and customer ISEP 2016 satisfaction of certain services/applications/devices. mobile phones (28%), while the rest of the respondents use Information about the use of mobile phones, application other devices. VoiceOver provides to users a lot more options solutions and their accessibility is conducted with mentioned that are connected with the management of mobile phones, research. but respondents find them complicated to use in relation to The research [3] was conducted in 2008, and 413 the TalkBack service. respondents participated in the query that were between 18 The application solution accessibility was researched in and 80 years old. One participant did not declare his vision [7]. The study included 10 participants with visual disability, while 10 of them does not have any kind of visual impairment that used 3 different Android devices and 4 impairment. Of all respondents, 380 of them use mobile different applications. The aim was to collect information on phones. The most popular device among respondents was how easy is to use the device, whether it is necessary to make FujitsuF882iES which used 159 of respondents. Another a great effort to learn how to use mobile phone, how much popular mobile phones were Fujitsu F881iEs and F762i. error is caused when performing certain actions, what is the They have physical buttons that users can feel while using intelligibility of voice that provides feedback and the the mobile phone which greatly affects on the simplicity of efficiency of the application. One of the hypothesis of the use. The respondents, 63,2% of them, use mentioned mobile research has been that the most visually impaired persons phones to search the Internet and 98,2% of them use them for benefits Symbian OS and the other was the assumption that making calls. Text to speech functionality use 86% of they will be more comfortable to use smartphones with the respondents, 54,2% of them use increasing the text size and help of application solutions. One of the tested application 31,1% of them use the accessibility function to change color solutions was Blind Navigator where 80% of respondents contrast. with simplicity understood where are application icons The research [4] was conducted in order to gather because they got quality voice feedback. When reading the information on how visually impaired persons control message, 30% of respondents encountered obstacles in touchscreen devices and their need for that. Respondents understanding the message because application can only read declared that physical keys and other reference points are messages in English language. They had more difficulties necessary for better navigation on mobile phones, exactly the while writing a text messages because the respondents were thing that is minimized in today’s smartphones. The not familiar with the QWERTY keyboard. The study organization of commands and functionalities is very confirmed the first hypothesis because respondents believe important to them. That is the reason why visually impaired that smartphones do not provide enough information. The persons mostly used Nokia Symbian devices, because of their second hypothesis was also proved to be true, because with accessibility. Another important feature was simplicity and the help of mobile phone application solutions, respondents usefulness of common functions, for example to locate a were able to do certain tasks. menu button or search that follows a logical layout. In the [8], the quantitative analysis of using Amazon Collection of information on visually impaired persons Echo, Apple Siri and OK Google services was conducted. and their use of touchscreen smartphone devices was There were two different studies, where the second study conducted in the research [5]. The study includes 25 people investigated how users use Siri, Ok Google and Cortana. Of from 24 to 75 years. According to the results, 625 of them 518 respondents, 44$ use iPhone, 40% use Android devices use smartphones with physical buttons (Nokia and Motorola) while 2% use Windows Phone or Blackberry. Other users do and 38% of them use touchscreen smartphones (Apple, not use smartphones. Most users were using Siri (79%), then Nexus, Samsung, HTC, LG): Four of them use both versions Ok Google (65.2%) and 38% of them used Microsoft