Proposals to Amend the Appendices of the Convention
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Life History of the Critically Endangered Largetooth Sawfish: a Compilation of Data for Population Assessment and Demographic Modelling
Vol. 44: 79–88, 2021 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published January 28 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01090 Endang Species Res OPEN ACCESS Life history of the Critically Endangered largetooth sawfish: a compilation of data for population assessment and demographic modelling P. M. Kyne1,*, M. Oetinger2, M. I. Grant3, P. Feutry4 1Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia 2Argus-Mariner Consulting Scientists, Owensboro, Kentucky 42301, USA 3Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia 4CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia ABSTRACT: The largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis is a Critically Endangered, once widespread shark-like ray. The species is now extinct or severely depleted in many former parts of its range and is protected in some other range states where populations persist. The likelihood of collecting substantial new biological information is now low. Here, we review all available life history infor- mation on size, age and growth, reproductive biology, and demography as a resource for popula- tion assessment and demographic modelling. We also revisit a subset of historical data from the 1970s to examine the maternal size−litter size relationship. All available information on life history is derived from the Indo-West Pacific (i.e. northern Australia) and the Western Atlantic (i.e. Lake Nicaragua-Río San Juan system in Central America) subpopulations. P. pristis reaches a maxi- mum size of at least 705 cm total length (TL), size-at-birth is 72−90 cm TL, female size-at-maturity is reached by 300 cm TL, male size-at-maturity is 280−300 cm TL, age-at-maturity is 8−10 yr, longevity is 30−36 yr, litter size range is 1−20 (mean of 7.3 in Lake Nicaragua), and reproductive periodicity is suspected to be biennial in Lake Nicaragua (Western Atlantic) but annual in Aus- tralia (Indo-West Pacific). -
Luís M.D. Barcelos1, 2*, José M.N. Azevedo1, 3, Jürgen Pollerspöck4, and João P
ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2018) 48 (2): 189–194 DOI: 10.3750/AIEP/02436 REVIEW OF THE RECORDS OF THE SMALLTOOTH SAND TIGER SHARK, ODONTASPIS FEROX (ELASMOBRANCHII: LAMNIFORMES: ODONTASPIDIDAE), IN THE AZORES Luís M.D. Barcelos1, 2*, José M.N. Azevedo1, 3, Jürgen Pollerspöck4, and João P. Barreiros1, 2 1Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal 2Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal 3Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal 4Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany Barcelos L.M.D., Azevedo J.M.N., Pollerspöck J., Barreiros J.P. 2018. Review of the records of the smalltooth sand tiger shark, Odontaspis ferox (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), in the Azores. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 48 (2): 189–194. Abstract. In recent years Azorean fishermen reported the presence of the smalltooth sand tiger shark,Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810), a very rare demersal shark species, associated with insular shelves and slopes, with occasional incursions into shallow waters and of poorly known biology and ecology. There are fourteen new records of this species, between 1996 and 2014, captured by spearfishing, harpoons, hand lines, or entangled in fishing gear in the Azores. These records were analysed and complemented with fishermen interviews, providing new locations and new biological data for this species. Also, specimens photographs were studied and post-mortem analysis were carefully carried out in one individual. This species is rare and captured only as bycatch in shallow waters. More detailed information on this species is critically needed in order to assess its conservation status and implement management guidelines. -
Chondrichthyan Fishes (Sharks, Skates, Rays) Announcements
Chondrichthyan Fishes (sharks, skates, rays) Announcements 1. Please review the syllabus for reading and lab information! 2. Please do the readings: for this week posted now. 3. Lab sections: 4. i) Dylan Wainwright, Thursday 2 - 4/5 pm ii) Kelsey Lucas, Friday 2 - 4/5 pm iii) Labs are in the Northwest Building basement (room B141) 4. Lab sections done: first lab this week on Thursday! 5. First lab reading: Agassiz fish story; lab will be a bit shorter 6. Office hours: we’ll set these later this week Please use the course web site: note the various modules Outline Lecture outline: -- Intro. to chondrichthyan phylogeny -- 6 key chondrichthyan defining traits (synapomorphies) -- 3 chondrichthyan behaviors -- Focus on several major groups and selected especially interesting ones 1) Holocephalans (chimaeras or ratfishes) 2) Elasmobranchii (sharks, skates, rays) 3) Batoids (skates, rays, and sawfish) 4) Sharks – several interesting groups Not remotely possible to discuss today all the interesting groups! Vertebrate tree – key ―fish‖ groups Today Chondrichthyan Fishes sharks Overview: 1. Mostly marine 2. ~ 1,200 species 518 species of sharks 650 species of rays 38 species of chimaeras Skates and rays 3. ~ 3 % of all ―fishes‖ 4. Internal skeleton made of cartilage 5. Three major groups 6. Tremendous diversity of behavior and structure and function Chimaeras Chondrichthyan Fishes: 6 key traits Synapomorphy 1: dentition; tooth replacement pattern • Teeth are not fused to jaws • New rows move up to replace old/lost teeth • Chondrichthyan teeth are -
A Life History Overview of the Largetooth Sawfish Pristis Pristis
LIFE HISTORY OVERVIEW No. 1 A Life History Overview of the Largetooth Sawfish Pristis pristis 2013 Prepared by Peter M. Kyne & Pierre Feutry NERP Marine Biodiversity Hub Project 2.4 (Supporting Management of Listed and Rare Species) Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT 0909, Australia Email: [email protected] Introduction The Largetooth Sawfish Pristis pristis is wide-ranging in tropical waters with distinct geographically-separated populations in the Western Atlantic, Eastern Atlantic, Eastern Pacific and Indo-West Pacific. It was until recently referred to as P. microdon (Freshwater Sawfish) in the Indo-West Pacific and P. perotteti in the Atlantic before research showed these to be synonymous with P. pristis (Faria et al. 2013). Northern Australia represents one of the last strongholds of a species not only once widespread in the Indo-West Pacific, but widespread in many tropical waters. Here, the available life history information on the Largetooth Sawfish is compiled and summarised. Much of this was published under the previous names P. microdon and P. perotteti. The species’ life history is characterised by parameters such as late age at maturity, long lifespan and low fecundity, which results in a low intrinsic rate of population increase (Simpfendorfer 2000; Moreno Iturria 2012). This life history is generally consistent with that of many large elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). For such a wide-ranging and conspicuous species, life history is poorly understood and available information is patchy. For example, the only dedicated reproductive studies were undertaken in the Lake Nicaragua-Río San Juan system in Central America (hereafter referred to as ‘Lake Nicaragua’) (Thorson 1976, 1982), and the vast majority of life history information originates from either Lake Nicaragua or northern Australia (northwest Western Australia and the Queensland Gulf of Carpentaria) (e.g. -
An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved. -
Smalltooth Sawfish in Coastal Waters
Smalltooth Sawfish: a large yet little-known fish in local coastal waters History “Mangroves provide crucial habitat for young sawfish Rookery Bay Research For most people, seeing a sawfish is not an everyday Baby sawfish (neonates) and juveniles are extremely vulnerable to predators occurrence, in fact, most folks don’t even know to avoid predators.” -- George Burgess such as crocodiles, sharks and even dolphins, which is why the protective they exist in Florida. They are nowhere near as shelter provided by mangrove estuaries is so important. Plus, estuaries provide numerous as they used to be, and their range has a very productive food resource of small invertebrates and fish. been reduced significantly, but sawfish seem to be maintaining a small core population along the Conservation Measures Reserve biologist Pat O’Donnell knows southwest Florida coast. firsthand that the mangrove estuaries The smalltooth sawfish, Pristus pectinata, was reported in 1895 as regionally in the Rookery Bay Reserve are good abundant throughout coastal Florida, including in the Indian River Lagoon In June the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research habitat for young sawfish. Since which was historically known as an aggregation area. It wasn’t until 1981 that Reserve’s “Summer of Sharks” lecture series 2000, when he began monthly shark scientists recognized the significance of the sawfish’s disappearance from there welcomed George Burgess, curator of the National research, O’Donnell has captured, and blamed it on habitat degradation from development. Conservation efforts Sawfish Encounter Database from the University documented and released more than came too late for the largetooth sawfish, Pristus perotetti, which was last seen of Florida. -
Electrosensory Pore Distribution and Feeding in the Basking Shark Cetorhinus Maximus (Lamniformes: Cetorhinidae)
Vol. 12: 33–36, 2011 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online March 3 doi: 10.3354/ab00328 Aquat Biol NOTE Electrosensory pore distribution and feeding in the basking shark Cetorhinus maximus (Lamniformes: Cetorhinidae) Ryan M. Kempster*, Shaun P. Collin The UWA Oceans Institute and the School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia ABSTRACT: The basking shark Cetorhinus maximus is the second largest fish in the world, attaining lengths of up to 10 m. Very little is known of its sensory biology, particularly in relation to its feeding behaviour. We describe the abundance and distribution of ampullary pores over the head and pro- pose that both the spacing and orientation of electrosensory pores enables C. maximus to use passive electroreception to track the diel vertical migrations of zooplankton that enable the shark to meet the energetic costs of ram filter feeding. KEY WORDS: Ampullae of Lorenzini · Electroreception · Filter feeding · Basking shark Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION shark Rhincodon typus and the megamouth shark Megachasma pelagios, which can attain lengths of up Electroreception is an ancient sensory modality that to 14 and 6 m, respectively (Compagno 1984). These 3 has evolved independently across the animal kingdom filter-feeding sharks are among the largest living in multiple groups (Scheich et al. 1986, Collin & White- marine vertebrates (Compagno 1984) and yet they are head 2004). Repeated independent evolution of elec- all able to meet their energetic costs through the con- troreception emphasises the importance of this sense sumption of tiny zooplankton. -
Florida's Fintastic Sharks and Rays Lesson and Activity Packet
Florida's Fintastic Sharks and Rays An at-home lesson for grades 3-5 Produced by: This educational workbook was produced through the support of the Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program. 1 What are sharks and rays? Believe it or not, they’re a type of fish! When you think “fish,” you probably picture a trout or tuna, but fishes come in all shapes and sizes. All fishes share the following key characteristics that classify them into this group: Fishes have the simplest of vertebrate hearts with only two chambers- one atrium and one ventricle. The spine in a fish runs down the middle of its back just like ours, making fish vertebrates. All fishes have skeletons, but not all fish skeletons are made out of bones. Some fishes have skeletons made out of cartilage, just like your nose and ears. Fishes are cold-blooded. Cold-blooded animals use their environment to warm up or cool down. Fins help fish swim. Fins come in pairs, like pectoral and pelvic fins or are singular, like caudal or anal fins. Later in this packet, we will look at the different types of fins that fishes have and some of the unique ways they are used. 2 Placoid Ctenoid Ganoid Cycloid Hard protective scales cover the skin of many fish species. Scales can act as “fingerprints” to help identify some fish species. There are several different scale types found in bony fishes, including cycloid (round), ganoid (rectangular or diamond), and ctenoid (scalloped). Cartilaginous fishes have dermal denticles (Placoid) that resemble tiny teeth on their skin. -
A Rhinopristiform Sawfish (Genus Pristis) from the Middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Southern Peru and Its Regional Implications
Carnets Geol. 20 (5) E-ISSN 1634-0744 DOI 10.4267/2042/70759 A rhinopristiform sawfish (genus Pristis) from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) of southern Peru and its regional implications Alberto COLLARETA 1, 2 Luz TEJADA-MEDINA 3, 4 César CHACALTANA-BUDIEL 3, 5 Walter LANDINI 1, 6 Alí ALTAMIRANO-SIERRA 7, 8 Mario URBINA-SCHMITT 7, 9 Giovanni BIANUCCI 1, 10 Abstract: Modern sawfishes (Rhinopristiformes: Pristidae) are circumglobally distributed in warm wa- ters and are common in proximal marine and even freshwater habitats. The fossil record of modern pristid genera (i.e., Pristis and Anoxypristis) dates back to the early Eocene and is mostly represented by isolated rostral spines and oral teeth, with phosphatised rostra representing exceptional occurren- ces. Here, we report on a partial pristid rostrum, exhibiting several articulated rostral spines, from middle Eocene strata of the Paracas Formation (Yumaque Member) exposed in the southern Peruvian East Pisco Basin. This finely preserved specimen shows anatomical structures that are unlikely to leave a fossil record, e.g., the paracentral grooves that extend along the ventral surface of the rostrum. Ba- sed on the morphology of the rostral spines, this fossil sawfish is here identified as belonging to Pristis. To our knowledge, this discovery represents the geologically oldest known occurrence of Pristidae from the Pacific Coast of South America. Although the fossil record of pristids from the East Pisco Basin spans from the middle Eocene to the late Miocene, sawfishes are no longer present in the modern cool, upwelling-influenced coastal waters of southern Peru. Given the ecological preferences of the extant members of Pristis, the occurrence of this genus in the Paracas deposits suggests that middle Eocene nearshore waters in southern Peru were warmer than today. -
Order LAMNIFORMES ODONTASPIDIDAE Sand Tiger Sharks Iagnostic Characters: Large Sharks
click for previous page Lamniformes: Odontaspididae 419 Order LAMNIFORMES ODONTASPIDIDAE Sand tiger sharks iagnostic characters: Large sharks. Head with 5 medium-sized gill slits, all in front of pectoral-fin bases, Dtheir upper ends not extending onto dorsal surface of head; eyes small or moderately large, with- out nictitating eyelids; no nasal barbels or nasoral grooves; snout conical or moderately depressed, not blade-like;mouth very long and angular, extending well behind eyes when jaws are not protruded;lower labial furrows present at mouth corners; anterior teeth enlarged, with long, narrow, sharp-edged but unserrated cusps and small basal cusplets (absent in young of at least 1 species), the upper anteriors separated from the laterals by a gap and tiny intermediate teeth; gill arches without rakers; spiracles present but very small. Two moderately large high dorsal fins, the first dorsal fin originating well in advance of the pelvic fins, the second dorsal fin as large as or somewhat smaller than the first dorsal fin;anal fin as large as second dorsal fin or slightly smaller; caudal fin short, asymmetrical, with a strong subterminal notch and a short but well marked ventral lobe. Caudal peduncle not depressed, without keels; a deep upper precaudal pit present but no lower pit. Intestinal valve of ring type, with turns closely packed like a stack of washers. Colour: grey or grey-brown to blackish above, blackish to light grey or white, with round or oval dark spots and blotches vari- ably present on 2 species. high dorsal fins upper precaudal eyes without pit present nictitating eyelids intestinal valve of ring type Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Wide-ranging, tropical to cool-temperate sharks, found inshore and down to moderate depths on the edge of the continental shelves and around some oceanic islands, and in the open ocean. -
Sawfish and River Sharks Multispecies Recovery Plan
Sawfish and River Sharks Multispecies Recovery Plan 2015 The issues paper linked to this plan is obtainable from: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/recovery-plan-sawfish-and-river-sharks © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2015 Sawfish and River Sharks Multispecies Recovery Plan is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This report should be attributed as ‘Sawfish and River Sharks Multispecies Recovery Plan, Commonwealth of Australia 2015’. The Commonwealth of Australia has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© Copyright, [name of third party] ’. Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Image Credits Front Cover: Largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) in the Daly River (© Copyright, Richard Pillans). Back Cover: Green sawfish (Pristis zijsron) juvenile from Pilbara (© Copyright, Richard Pillans). -
Lamniformes, Odontaspididae) from the Eocene of Antarctica Provides New Information About the Paleobiogeography and Paleobiology of Paleogene Sand Tiger Sharks
Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) vol. 124(2): 283-298. July 2018 THE SOUTHERNMOST OCCURRENCE OF BRACHYCARCHARIAS (LAMNIFORMES, ODONTASPIDIDAE) FROM THE EOCENE OF ANTARCTICA PROVIDES NEW INFORMATION ABOUT THE PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY AND PALEOBIOLOGY OF PALEOGENE SAND TIGER SHARKS GIUSEPPE MARRAMÀ1*, ANDREA ENGELBRECHT1, THOMAS MÖRS2, MARCELO A. REGUERO3 & JÜRGEN KRIWET1 1*Corresponding author. Department of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Division Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 81900 FWA La Plata, Argentina, CONICET. E-mail: [email protected] ARKU To cite this article: Marramà G., Engelbrecht A., Mörs T., Reguero M.A. & Kriwet J. (2018) - The southernmost occurrence of Brachycarcharias (Lamniformes, Odontaspididae) from the Eocene of Antarctica provides new information about the paleobiogeography and paleobiology of Paleogene sand tiger sharks. Riv. It. Paleontol. Strat., 124(2): 283-298. Keywords: Chondrichthyes; Elasmobranchii; Ypresian; La Meseta Formation; biotic turnovers. Abstract. The first record of one of the most common and widespread Paleogene selachians, the sand tiger shark Brachycarcharias, in the Ypresian strata of the La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica, is pro- vided herein. Selachians from the early Eocene horizons of this deposit represent the southernmost Paleogene occurrences in the fossil record, and are represented by isolated teeth belonging to orectolobiforms, lamniforms, carcharhiniforms, squatiniforms and pristiophoriforms.