UNIVERSITY OF LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN BIOLOGY

APR 9 1992

.5 BIX 59 1ANA

Zoology NEW SERIES, NO. 59

Systematics of in the Genus (: Noctuidae). I. Type Material in the Strecker Collection, with Lectotype Designations

Lawrence F. Gall

David C. Hawks aco 5 **

September 28, 1990 Publication 1414

PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Information for Contributors to Fieldiana

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References should be typed in the following form: 943 Croat, T. B. 1978. Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif., pp. 1963. of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador. Grubb, P. J., J. R. Lloyd, and T D. Pennington. A comparison floristics. Journal of 51: 567-601. I. The forest structure, physiognomy, and Ecology, 63-80. In D. R. A. Langdon, E. J. M. 1979. Yage among the Siona: Cultural patterns in visions, pp. Browman, L.,and Stars. The Netherlands. Schwarz, eds., Spirits, Shamans, and Mouton Publishers, Hague, J. Handbook of South American Murra, J. 1946. The historic tribes of Ecuador, pp. 785-821. In Steward, H., ed., Smithsonian Indians. Vol. 2, The Andean Civilizations. Bulletin 143, Bureau of American Ethnology, Institution, Washington, D.C. Fieldiana: 6: 1-522. Stolze, R. G. 1981. Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala. Part II. Polypodiaceae. Botany, n.s., must be Illustrations: Illustrations are referred to as "figures" in the text (not as "plates"). Figures accompanied by such as "x are not some indication of scale, normally a reference bar. Statements in figure captions alone, 0.8," acceptable. See issues of Fieldiana for details of Captions should be typed double-spaced and consecutively. recent style. All illustrations should be marked on the reverse with author's name, figure number(s), and "top." 1/2 x inches x 28 and not exceed 111/2 x 16V4 Figures as submitted should, whenever practicable, be 8 11 (22 cm), may the to be obtained in the work. This inches (30 x 42 cm). Illustrations should be mounted on boards in arrangement printed as follows: Pen and ink original set should be suitable for transmission to the printer drawings maybe originals (preferred) within the size and must be or photostats; shaded drawings must be originals, but limitation; photostats high-quality, glossy, to the author unless otherwise black-and-white prints. Original illustrations will be returned corresponding upon publication specified. or color must make Authors who wish to publish figures that require costly special paper reproduction prior arrangements with the Scientific Editor. receive a Page Proofs: Fieldiana employs a two-step correction system. The corresponding author will normally copy and answered. one set of of the edited manuscript on which deletions, additions, and changes can be made queries Only set of in page proofs will be sent. All desired corrections of type must be made on the single page proofs. Changes page in can be made if the proofs (as opposed to corrections) are very expensive. Author-generated changes page proofs only author agrees in advance to pay for them.

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Zoology NEW SERIES, NO. 59

Systematics of Moths in the Genus Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). I. Type Material in the Strecker Collection, with Lectotype Designations

Lawrence F. Gall

Entomology Division Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale University New Haven, 06511

David C. Hawks

Department of Entomology University of California at Riverside Riverside, California 92521

Accepted May 4, 1990 Published September 28, 1990 Publication 1414

PUBLISHED BY HELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY © 1 990 Field Museum of Natural History ISSN 0015-0754 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Table of Contents List of Illustrations

(On four plates) Holotypes and lectotypes of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank

Abstract 1 1-8. Lectotype, agrippina Strecker (1); lec- Introduction 1 totype, aholah Strecker (2); holo- Background Information 1 type, aholibah Strecker (3); holo- The Strecker Catocala Names 5 type, amestris Strecker (4); agrippina, 1 874 5 lectotype, aspasia Strecker (5); lecto- aholah, 1874 5 type, atarah Strecker (6); lectotype, aholibah, 1874 5 babayaga Strecker (7); lectotype, amestris, 1 874 7 circe Strecker (8) 6 aspasia, 1 874 7 9-16. Lectotype, cleopatra Strecker (9); ho- atarah, 1874 7 lotype, dejecta Strecker (10); lecto- babayaga, 1 884 7 type, delilah Strecker (11); holotype, coccinata var. circe, 1 876 8 faustina Strecker (12); holotype, hero- cleopatra, 1 874 8 dias Strecker (13); lectotype, hip- dejecta, 1880 8 polyta Strecker (14); lectotype, jair delilah, 1874 8 Strecker (15); holotype, jocasta faustina, 1873 8 Strecker (16) 9 herodias, 1876 10 17-24. Lectotype, judith Strecker (17); lec- hippolyta, 1874 10 totype, luciana Strecker (18); holo- jair, 1897 10 type, magdalena Strecker (19); lecto- jocasta, 1875 10 type, mariana Strecker (20); judith, 1874 10 holotype, myrrha Strecker (21); lec- luciana, 1874 10 totype, obscura Strecker (22); lecto- magdalena, 1 874 12 type, perdita Strecker (23); lectotype, mariana, 1 874 12 perplexa Strecker (24) 11 myrrha, 1 874 12 25-29. Holotype, sappho Strecker (25); lec- obscura, 1 873 12 totype, ulalume Strecker (26); lecto- /ttvtf/ta, 1874 12 type, zillah Strecker (27); lectotype, parta var. perplexa, 1 873 13 sara French (28); holotype, zoe Behr sappho, 1 874 13 (29) 14 ulalume, 1877 13 faustina var. zillah, 1877 13 List of Tables Other C

Collection 13 1 . Synopsis of taxonomic actions taken in Catocala sara French, 1883 13 this article pertaining to names in the Catocala zoe Behr, 1870 15 genus Catocala Schrank 2 Acknowledgments 15 2. Label information for type specimens of Literature cited 15 moths in the genus Catocala Schrank .... 4

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Systematics of Moths in the Genus Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). I. Type Material in the Strecker Collection, with Lectotype Designations

holdings at the Field Museum. The drawers in the Abstract Strecker cabinets are numbered consecutively. Within each drawer, a separate head label, in The Strecker collection of Catocala at the Field Strecker's writing, is usually pinned at the start of Museum of Natural History was examined in or- the series for each new taxon. For some taxa, sec- der to clarify the taxonomic application of 38 ondary head labels occasionally appear within the names in this speciose noctuid moth genus. Here- series. The Strecker head labels are the primary in, a total of 1 3 holotypes and 2 objective replace- sources of taxonomic and geographic information ment names are discussed, and 23 lectotypes des- in the collection, as the specimens themselves bear ignated and illustrated. only fragmentary label data, if any. When types are present within a series of specimens, Strecker's primary head label usually indicates this on its last line with the notation "(original Type)" or "(orig. Introduction Type)," or a closely similar phrase. Although Strecker published in a broad array of Ferdinand Heinrich Hermann Strecker (1836- scientific journals, his most important single work 1 902) described hundreds of lepidopteran taxa in was the privately printed "Lepidopteres, Rhopa- his productive and colorful lifetime, including 27 loceres and Heteroceres, Indigenous and Exotic; species and varieties of Catocala Schrank ( 1 802). with Descriptions and Colored Illustrations" Strecker's contributions to Catocala systematics (hereinafter lrh). The lrh sensu stricto appeared are central, as at least 14 of his names retain full in separate illustrated issues between 1872 and species rank today, placing authorship on about 1 878, and all but 3 of Strecker's 27 Catocala names one eighth of all the Nearctic Catocala species with were published in this tome. Strecker subsequently him. Accordingly, in preparation for the Catocala published three nonillustrated Supplements to the fascicle for the "Moths of America North of Mex- lrh in 1898, 1899, and 1900, just prior to his ico" series, we visited the Field Museum of Nat- death. The first two Supplements contain numer- ural History (fmnh) in Chicago, Illinois (USA), ous descriptions of new taxa, but no Catocala. The during January 1 989, to examine the Strecker col- third Supplement (hereinafter lrhs3) catalogues lection and address the remaining taxonomic is- all of the lepidopteran type material in Strecker's sues involving his Catocala names. collection, indicating the number of types, their type localities, and so forth. We emphasize that the lrhs3 only claims to list types residing in Strecker's collection, not all of Background Information Strecker's types. Among the Catocala, for exam- ple, there are several Strecker types in the type The Strecker Collection is currently housed ad- cabinets at the American Museum of Natural His- jacent to and separate from the other Lepidoptera tory (amnh), most of which are not tabulated in

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3 Table 2. Label information for type specimens of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank discussed in this article. = = The nature of each label is indicated in brackets: m machine printed, h hand printed, ink color is black or dark brown unless otherwise noted. A machined LECTOTYPE label has also been affixed to each of the specimens designated herein as lectotype.

Taxon Author Date Data labels attached to specimen

agrippina Strecker 1874 aholah Strecker 1874 aholibah Strecker 1874 amestris Strecker 1874 aspasia Strecker 1874

atarah Strecker 1874 babayaga Strecker 1884

circe Strecker 1876 cleopatra Strecker 1874

dejecta Strecker 1880 delilah Strecker 1874 faustina Strecker 1873 herodias Strecker 1876 hippolyta Strecker 1874

jair Strecker 1897 jocasta Strecker 1875 judith Strecker 1874

luciana Strecker 1874

magdalena of copies of his outgoing letters and other material lected the "first known females" of atocala be- (such as receipts for postal expenses). These ar- tween 1970 and 1984— Brou having overlooked chives were mostly untapped and, indeed, essen- not only the two Strecker females, but one other tially untappable by the entomological community ancient female at the U.S. National Museum in until 1987, when the Library staff at the Field Washington. Fortunately, usage ofthe name agrip- Museum initiated the momentous task of un- pina has always been consistent over time, sensu wrapping, sorting, and producing computerized lrh Plate 1 1, Figures 1 and 2. Thus, we designate catalogues to the holdings. At the time we visited Strecker's illustrated male as LECTOTYPE for the Field Museum in January 1989, nearly half agrippina (our fig. 1). The type locality is [Dallas], the Strecker archives had been processed, with late , [USA]. We recognize Catocala agrippina

1 989 being the target date for completion of the as a full species. first phase of the project. It would have proved nearly impossible to use the Strecker archives for the effectively present Catocala aholah Strecker, 1874. paper. This would have been premature in any event, as large gaps exist in even the already sorted lrh, p. 96, Plate 1 1, Fig. 8; lrhs3, p. 35; 6 specimens in material— the letters are wrapped bundles that in Drawer 46 at fmnh; head label lacking type in- have remained tied since Strecker's day, with each formation. bundle containing several dozen letters, and there is no predictable relationship among the letters The lrh description of aholah does not state the present in any given bundle. We plan a sequel number of types; the lrhs3 indicates "one ex- paper at a later date on Strecker and his Catocala ample, Dallas, Texas." Only two specimens in dealings, based on his archived correspondence. Drawer 46 are referable to aholah— a male and The following sections of this paper discuss, re- female, each with no data label. Strecker's lrh spectively, the 27 Strecker Catocala names, and 4 description matches the male more closely than additional Catocala names authored by other the female, although the figure caption asserts that workers for which types were located in the Streck- the illustrated specimen is a female. We have cho- er collection. Tables 1 and 2 provide a synopsis sen the male as LECTOTYPE for aholah (our fig. of all taxonomic decisions taken herein. 2). The type locality is [Dallas], Texas, [USA]. Catocala aholah is a synonym of Catocala similis W. H. Edwards (1864).

The Strecker Catocala Names Catocala aholibah Strecker, 1874. Catocala agrippina Strecker, 1874.

lrh, p. 72, Plate 9, Fig. 5; lrhs3, p. 35; 12 specimens in Drawer 38 at head label with infor- lrh, p. 95, Plate 11, Figs. 1-3; lrhs3, p. 35; 12 spec- fmnh; type imens in Drawer 34 at fmnh; head label with type mation. information. Regarding aholibah, Strecker somewhat amus- The three agrippina syntypes are pictured in the ingly recounts "the single female example con-

lrh, and were easily located in Drawer 34. One tained in the collection of Mr. James Behrens . . .

female agrippina syntype (lrh fig. 3) is a specimen who, in order to enable me to present the species, of Catocala atocala Brou (1985), recently de- had the almost unprecedented generosity to rob scribed as distinct but closely related to agrippina. his own fine cabinet of the only example it con- In addition, two other atocala, one of each sex, tained of this ... [in flight the adult] was are among the remaining nine non-syntype spec- the wildest he ever saw." Strecker's figured imens labelled agrippina. aholibah is therefore the holotype by monotypy. In his description of atocala, Brou did not ad- The first female in Drawer 38 bears no data label, dress the presence of his new species among the but matches the lrh illustration exactly, and must

Strecker agrippina syntypes. More inexplicable still, be the holotype (our fig. 3). The type locality is Brou (1985, p. 889) attributed the earliest pub- "the higher mountains of California," [USA], pre- lished illustration of atocala to Barnes and sumably referring to the Sierra Nevada. We rec- McDunnough (1918), and claimed to have col- ognize Catocala aholibah as a full species.

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I. t >>

= Figs. 1-8. Holotypes and lectotypes of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank. Scale bar 25 mm. 1, Lectotype, agrippina Strecker (1874). 2, Lectotype, aholah Strecker (1874). 3, Holotype, aholibah Strecker (1874). 4, Holotype, amestris Strecker (1874). 5, Lectotype, aspasia Strecker (1874). 6, Lectotype, atarah Strecker (1874). 7, Lectotype, babayaga Strecker (1884). 8, Lectotype, circe Strecker (1876).

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Catocala antestris Strecker, 1874. examples, Califa." This could refer either to Cal- ifornia (USA) or Baja California (Mexico), and

lrh, p. 96, Plate 11, Fig. 6; lrhs3, p. 36; 3 specimens there are only two Catocala species occurring in in Drawer 42 at fmnh; head label with type infor- these areas to which the name aspasia might apply: mation. Jessica Hy. Edwards (1 877) and junctura (as noted above, the eight specimens labelled aspasia by The lrh description of amestris indicates "one Strecker are all junctura). Strecker described ba- example from Mr. J. Boll," with the lrhs3 text bayaga in 1 884 as a distinct species, and discussed Strecker's illustrated female is there- concurring. points of distinction between babayaga and as- fore the holotype by (our fig. 4). The monotypy pasia. Because babayaga and Jessica are conspe- type locality is [Dallas], Texas, [USA]. We rec- cific, the name aspasia should logically apply to ognize Catocala amestris as a full species. junctura, not Jessica. Thus, we see no reason to challenge Beutenmuller's judgment of November 1918. Accordingly, we designate the Strecker male Catocala aspasia Strecker, 1874. with no locality data, labelled "type" by Beuten- muller, as LECTOTYPE for aspasia Strecker lrh, p. 94; lrhs3, p. 36; 8 specimens in Drawer 41 (1874b; our fig. 5), and place the name hereinafter at fmnh; head label with type information. as a synonym of junctura (NEW STATUS). The type locality remains "Lower California" (either Strecker's aspasia has remained a nomen du- southern California, USA, or Baja California, bium from the time of its description— no illus- Mexico). tration was given, and the textual diagnosis would politely be termed equivocal. Barnes and Mc- Dunnough(1918, p. 31) were unable to determine Catocala atarah Strecker, 1874. the whereabouts of the aspasia syntypes to their satisfaction, and so followed Beutenmuller in pro- lrh, p. 97, Plate 11, Figs. 10-11; lrhs3, p. 36; 33 specimens in Drawer 46 at fmnh; head label with visionally applying the name to Strecker's eight type information. specimens under the head label aspasia (4 males, 3 females from Manitou, Colorado; 1 male, no The lrh pictures a male and female, and Streck- locality data). Later authors have followed the er's description limits the syntype series to these Barnes and McDunnough treatment. two specimens. The illustrated male is the first The eight specimens discussed by Barnes and specimen under the head label, and we have se- McDunnough were still together in Drawer 41 lected it as LECTOTYPE (our fig. 6). The type when we visited the fmnh, and all are Catocala locality is [Dallas], Texas, [USA]. Catocala atarah junctura Walker (1858). However, the male with is a synonym of Catocala micronympha Guenee no locality data now bears a red "type" label, and (1852). We note that Strecker's 32 other "atarah" one male from Manitou now bears a red "cotype" in Drawer 46 include: 26 micronympha, 2 crataegi label. Each of these two males also bears a label Saunders (1876), 2 blandula Hulst (1884), 1 mira in Beutenmuller's handwriting as follows: "Ca- Grote (1876), and 1 pretiosa Lintner (1876). tocala/ aspasia/Type Strk./W. BeutenmUller/Nov. 22 1918." Barnes and Catocala McDunnough's mono- Catocala babayaga Strecker, 1884. graph was published in October, 1918. Thus, it would Beutenmuller either discovered ad- appear Papilio, 4: 73; 3 specimens in Drawer 39 at fmnh; ditional evidence regarding the aspasia types fol- head label with type information. lowing publication of the monograph, or had in- formation prior to the publication to which Barnes Strecker did not specify the number of types in and McDunnough were not privy (possible clues his Papilio article; the lrhs3 indicates four from would almost certainly not have been included in . The genitalia of one male have been dis- the initial draft of the Catocala monograph, which sected and mounted by Brower, and that specimen was written by Beutenmuller and subsequently in- bears his handwritten label "male genitalia slide/ herited by Barnes and McDunnough, who expand- C. babayaga Type/Field Museum/April 6, 1935/ ed on it). A. E. Brower." We therefore select this dissected

The lrh gives "Lower California" as the type male as LECTOTYPE for babayaga (our fig. 7). locality for aspasia, and the lrhs3 states "three The type locality is Arizona, [USA]. The name

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I. babayaga is a synonym of Catocala Jessica Hy. see our fig. 9); the same specimen is the holotype Edwards (1877) (NEW SYNONYMY). of Catocala cleopatra Hy. Edwards (1875). The type locality is Contra Costa County, California, [USA]. We recognize Catocala cleopatra as a sub-

species of Catocala Strecker 1 Catocala coccinata var. circe Strecker, 1876. faustina ( 873a) (NEW STATUS).

lrh, p. 121; lrhs3, p. 35; 6 specimens in Drawer 36 at fmnh; head label lacking type information. Catocala dejecta Strecker, 1880. The four males and two females in Drawer 36 Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, 2: 97; 4 appear to constitute the syntype series, as the lrh lrhs3, p. 35; specimens in Drawer 47 at fmnh; head label lacking type in- mentions six specimens (the lrhs3 notes five spec- formation; 1 specimen at amnh. imens). None of the specimens bear data labels. We have selected the first male in the series as Strecker states that "the type of the species is in LECTOTYPE (our fig. 8). The type locality is Bos- the collection of Rev. Geo. D. Hulst of Brooklyn." que Co[unty], Texas, [USA]. Catocala circe is a Pinned on the single male at the amnh is a Hulst synonym of Catocala coccinata Grote (1872). accession label, and one of Strecker's "original type" head labels indicating as the col- lection locality (the lrhs3 states "2 examples NY,"

Catocala cleopatra Strecker, 1874. which are doubtless the "two corresponding [sic] specimens" to which Strecker refers in his 1880

lrh, p. 99; lrhs3, p. 35; no specimens at fmnh; 1 article). The amnh specimen thus is the holotype specimen at amnh. of dejecta by original designation (our fig. 10). The type locality is [Nebraska, USA], probably from The names mari- cleopatra, hippolyta, luciana, the eastern portion ofthat state, where Juglandace- ana, and perdita were a source of contention be- ae-feeding Catocala species are taken regularly. tween Strecker and Edwards. Strecker val- Henry We recognize Catocala dejecta as a full species. idated all five names in 1874 on pp. 99-100 of the lrh, basing the descriptions upon specimens which sent to Hy. Edwards him— and which Hy. Ed- Catocala delilah Strecker, 1874. wards was also using as types. Hy. Edwards's de- scriptions of these same Catocala were still in lrh, p. 96, Plate 11, Fig. 7; lrhs3, p. 36; 6 specimens manuscript in 1874; his paper was read to the in Drawer 45 at fmnh; head labels lacking type information. California Academy in July 1875, and published later in the Academy's Proceedings. As a conse- The lrh quence, the five Catocala names that Hy. Edwards description does not state the number of The lrhs3 coined were unavailable to him by the time his types. indicates two specimens from Dallas Texas. The head label for intended original descriptions appeared in print. County, primary Strecker does not state the number of his cleo- Strecker's delilah reads "Tonganoxie Kansas," but a head label patra types in either the lrh or lrhs3. Hy. Ed- secondary reading "Dallas Co., Texas" one of the males in the series. wards's (1875) redescription of cleopatra lists a precedes Thus, we have single male, implying a holotype by monotypy for selected this male as LECTOTYPE for de- his lilah The is name. Barnes and McDunnough (1918, p. 24) (our fig. 11). type locality [Dallas], considered the single male at the amnh to "pre- Texas, [USA]. We recognize Catocala delilah as a full 1 sumably . . . [be] a metatype" for cleopatra Hy. species (see Hawks, 986). Edwards. This amnh specimen bears an Hy. Ed- wards type label, in his handwriting, and we con- Catocala faustina Strecker, 1873. sider it to be his holotype. As no cleopatra head label exists in the Strecker collection, it seems lrh, p. 21, Plate 3, Fig. 8; lrhs3, p. 35; 10 specimens probable that the amnh male (and perhaps other in Drawer 39 at fmnh; head label with type infor- specimens) served both Strecker and Hy. Edwards mation. when they wrote their respective descriptions. We therefore the designate amnh male as LEC- The single male faustina holotype (by original TOTYPE for Catocala cleopatra Strecker (1874c; designation) was locatable on the basis of wing

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY 12 16 i> i

= Figs. 9-16. Holotypes and lectotypes of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank. Scale bar 25 mm. 9, Lectotype, cleopatra Strecker (1874). 10, Holotype, dejecta Strecker (1880). 11, Lectotype, delilah Strecker (1874). 12, Holotype, faustina Strecker (1873). 13, Holotype, herodias Strecker (1876). 14, Lectotype, hippolyta Strecker (1874). 15, Lec- totype, jair Strecker (1897). 16, Holotype, jocasta Strecker (1875).

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I. pattern and the manner in which it was pinned, Catocala jocasta Strecker, 1875. as the lrh illustration exactly portrays the position

1 1 1 in of this specimen's wings (see our fig. 2). The type lrh, p. 107; lrhs3, p. 36; specimens Drawer 44 at fmnh; head label information. locality is Arizona, [USA]. We recognize Catocala lacking type faustina as a full species. The female described in the lrh is the holotype by original designation, and was readily locatable among the 1 1 specimens in Drawer 44 by its hand- Catocala herodias Strecker, 1876. written label "Kansas/(original type)" (see our fig. 1 6). The type locality is Kansas, [USA]. The name 1 in Drawer 40 lrh, p. 121; lrhs3, p. 35; specimen jocasta is a synonym of Catocala messalina Gue- at fmnh; head label lacking type information. nee (1852). The forewings of the jocasta holotype are quite dark, as are those of most messalina The single female in Strecker's collection bears specimens from the northern parts of the species' no data label, and the head label reads "Texas'" range. on its last line. The forewing pattern of this female indicates it is from the western range of herodias,

and it must be the holotype (by monotypy; our fig. Catocala judith Strecker, 1874. 13). The type locality is Bosque County, Texas, [USA]. Oklahoman and Texan herodias represent lrh, p. 95, Plate 11, Fig. 5; 6 specimens in Drawer the nominate The distinctive . disjunct 35 at fmnh; head label lacking information; 2 spec- subspecies found in the northeastern USA is Ca- imens at AMNH. tocala herodias gerhardi Barnes and Benjamin

( 1 927), and it may be worthy of full species status. The original description refers to two types, a male and female, in the collection of J. Angus in West Farms, New York. The male and female judith at the amnh bear Angus's machined West Catocala hippolyta Strecker, 1874. Farms labels, and type labels in Strecker's hand- writing. Because the head label in the Strecker col- lrh, p. 99, lrhs3, p. 35; no specimens at fmnh; 1 lection does not say "original type" or an equiv- specimen at amnh. alent phrase, we give precedence to the amnh material, and select the male from that institution Neither Strecker's nor Hy. Edwards's hippolyta as LECTOTYPE (our fig. 17). The type locality is descriptions state the number of types. Accord- West Farms, [Bronx], New York, [USA]. We rec- ingly, we designate the single male in the amnh as ognize Catocala judith as a full species. LECTOTYPE for both Catocala hippolyta Strecker

( 1 874c) and Catocala hippolyta Hy. Edwards (1875; see our fig. 14). This specimen bears an Hy. Ed- Catocala luciana Strecker, 1874. wards type label. The type locality is San Mateo County, California, [USA]. We recognize Catocala lrh p. 99; lrhs3, p. 35; no specimens at fmnh; 4 hippolyta as a full species. specimens at amnh.

Neither Strecker nor Hy. Edwards states the Catocala jair Strecker, 1897. number of types in their respective descriptions of luciana. Among the four specimens at the amnh are a male female an Ent. News, 8: 116; lrhs3, p. 36; 3 specimens in Draw- and each bearing Hy. Ed- er 4 1 at fmnh; head label with type information. wards type label. We have selected the male as LECTOTYPE for both Catocala luciana Strecker Strecker's 1897 article lists 30 syntypes, the (1874c) and Catocala luciana Hy. Edwards (1875; lrhs3 6. The three extant specimens at the fmnh our fig. 18). The type locality is Colorado, [USA]. are females with machined "Fla." labels, and our We recognize Catocala luciana as a full species. Figure 1 5 shows the LECTOTYPE selected from Three of the four amnh specimens are indeed lu- among these. The type locality is , [USA]. ciana, but the fourth is a specimen of Catocala We recognize Catocala jair as a full species. hermia Hy. Edwards (1880).

10 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY 17 «N>Jk

^ ,<4 **•. ^\

- Fios. 1 7-24. Holotypes and lectotypes of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank. Scale bar 25 mm. 17, Lectotype, judith Strecker ( 1 874). 18, Lectotype, luciana Strecker ( 1 874). 19, Holotype, magdalena Strecker ( 1 874). 20, Lectotype,

mariana Strecker ( 1 874). 21, Holotype, myrrha Strecker ( 1 874). 22, Lectotype, obscura Strecker ( 1 873). 23, Lectotype, perdita Strecker (1874). 24, Lectotype, perplexa Strecker (1873).

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I. 11 Catocala magdalena Strecker, 1874. the of the dark-forewinged western Ne- arctic Catocala is not yet fully resolved.

1 1 1 lrh, p. 93, Plate , Fig. 9; lrhs3, p. 36; specimen in Drawer 43 at fmnh; head label with type infor- mation. Catocala myrrha Strecker, 1874.

Strecker initially described magdalena on p. 93 1 1 1 4 lrh, p. 97, Plate , Fig. 2; lrhs3, p. 36; specimens of the lrh. He illustrated the female from which in Drawer 44 at fmnh; head label with type infor- he based the description on Plate 1 1 several months mation. later, and added further discussion on p. 97 that indicates this female is the holotype by monotypy Strecker's head label for Catocala nuptialis is (our fig. 1 9). The type locality Indianapolis, [In- Walker (1858) bears ""Catocala myrrha Strecker" is a diana, USA]. Catocala magdalena synonym parenthetically as its second line, suggesting that of Catocala illecta Walker (1858). Strecker may have later realized the synonymy of his myrrha. The same head label reads "Lawrence, Kansas" on its last line. Three males in Drawer Catocala mariana Strecker, 1874. 44 bear no data labels, whereas the single female has two handwritten labels "11." and "Dallas,

1 1 in Drawer 39 lrh, p. 99; lrhs3, p. 35; specimens Texas." The figured lrh specimen is the holotype at fmnh; head label with type information; 1 spec- by monotypy, and although the lrh figure caption imen at AMNH. claims the illustration is of a male, we feel the female bearing the data label is indeed the holo- Neither Strecker nor Hy. Edwards stated the type (our fig. 21). The type locality is [Dallas], number of types on which they based their re- Texas, [USA]. Catocala myrrha is a synonym of spective mariana descriptions. Among the 1 1 Catocala nuptialis. specimens in Strecker Drawer 39 under the ma- riana head label is a single male, bearing the fol- lowing label in McDunnough's handwriting: Catocala obscura Strecker, 1873. "C mariana/'Orig. Type. Hy. Edw./vide Lep Rhop Het p. 99/J.McD." We designate this specimen as 12 LECTOTYPE for Catocala mariana Strecker lrh, p. 19, Plate 3, Fig. 4; lrhs3, p. 35; specimens in Drawer 34 at fmnh; head label with type infor- 1 our The is Vancouver ( 874c; fig. 20). type locality mation. Island, [British Columbia, Canada]. The male mariana at the amnh bears a machined Vancouver The lrh description does not indicate the num- Island label, and one of Hy. Edwards's handwrit- ber of obscura types; the lrhs3 states five. The 1 2 ten labels. This amnh specimen would appear type specimens in Drawer 34 include 6 obscura and 6 to be an available syntype, but for parsimony's residua Grote (1874), and none of these bears a sake, we also choose to designate the lectotype for data label. The obscura are pinned together in one Catocala mariana Strecker (1874c) as the LEC- series immediately under the head label, and the TOTYPE for Catocala mariana Hy. Edwards residua follow in another series. It seems likely (1875). that the obscura pinned together constitute all or Both Catocala mariana Strecker and Catocala part of the original syntype series, and so we have mariana Edwards are hom- Hy. primary junior selected a male from among them as LECTO- onyms of Catocala mariana Rambur (1866) from TYPE for obscura (our fig. 22). The type locality the Palearctic. The first re- published objective is West Farms, [Bronx], New York, [USA]. We placement name for Catocala mariana Ed- Hy. recognize Catocala obscura as a full species, closely wards is Catocala edwardsii Kusnezov (1903); the related to but clearly distinct from Catocala resid- second and hence published, unnecessary, replace- ua. ment name is Catocala eldoradensis Beutenmuller (1907). The specimen shown in our Figure 20 is therefore the name-bearing type for both Catocala Catocala perdita Strecker, 1874. edwardsii and Catocala eldoradensis. At present, we feel that Catocala edwardsii and Catocalafran- lrh, p. 100; lrhs3, p. 35; 1 specimen in Drawer 38 cisca Edwards are Hy. (1880) probably synonyms at fmnh; head label with type information; 2 spec-

of Catocala californica W. H. Edwards ( 1 864), but imens at AMNH.

12 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Catocala perdita is the last of the five names The lrh description gives no indication of the authored by both Strecker and Hy. Edwards. The number of types; the lrhs3 states two males. The lrh does not state the number of types for Streck- two males in Strecker Drawer 33 bear handwritten er's perdita; the lrhs3 indicates one. Hy. Ed- labels "108." and "109." respectively. The male wards's (1875) paper similarly does not give the from Texas in the amnh is from Hulst's collection, number of types for his perdita. Both Strecker and and on its pin is what appears to be another pri- Hy. Edwards list San Mateo County, [California, mary Strecker head label for ulalume. We give USA] as the type locality for perdita, and so the precedence here to Strecker's material, and hence two males in the amnh type cabinet bearing Men- designate his male numbered "109." as the LEC- docino County labels are unlikely to be syntypes. TOTYPE for Catocala ulalume (our fig. 26). The Thus, we designate the single male in the Strecker type locality is [Dallas, Texas, USA]. We recognize collection as LECTOTYPE for both Catocala per- Catocala ulalume as a full species. dita Strecker (1874c) and Catocala perdita Hy.

Edwards (1875; our fig. 23), and place perdita as a synonym of cleopatra Strecker. Catocala faustina var. zillah Strecker, 1877.

lrh, p. 129; lrhs3, p. 35; 1 specimen in Drawer 39 at fmnh; head label with type information. Catocala porta var. perplexa Strecker, 1873. The original lrh description indicates "several

lrh, p. 38, Plate 5, Fig. 11; 1 specimen in Drawer 36 examples," and the lrhs3 indicates one male type. at fmnh; head label with type information. A single male zillah is present under the head label, and so we designate this specimen as the LEC-

The lrh description indicates two syntypes. We TOTYPE (our fig. 27). The type locality is Ari- designate the single female in Strecker's collection zona, [USA]. Catocala zillah is a synonym of Ca- as LECTOTYPE for perplexa (our fig. 24). The tocala faustina Strecker. type locality is Brooklyn, N[ew] Y[ork, USA]. Ca- tocala perplexa is a synonym of Catocala parta Guenee(1852).

Other Catocala Types in the Catocala sappho Strecker, 1 874. Strecker Collection

lrh, p. 95, Plate 1 1, Fig. 4; lrhs3, p. 35; 2 specimens We located types at the fmnh for four additional in Drawer 35 at fmnh; head label in- lacking type Nearctic Catocala authored by workers other than formation. Strecker. Two of the names involve holotypes by monotypy, and we did not consider it necessary Strecker based his description of sappho on a to discuss these in detail, the names being: Catoca- single female, it being the holotype by monotypy. la amasia var. virens French (1886), a synonym The holotype was readily located in Drawer 35 of Catocala connuhialis Guenee (1852); and Ca- from the lrh illustration (our fig. 25). The type tocala julietta French (1916), a synonym of Ca- locality is [Dallas], Texas, [USA]. The unlabelled tocala junctura. The other two names require lec- male in Drawer 35 is the smaller and less con- totypes and/or further discussion, and follow trasting form of sappho typically encountered out- forthwith: side Florida and the immediate Gulf coast, which may explain the "" head label. We rec- ognize Catocala sappho as a full species. Catocala sara French, 1883.

Can. Ent., 15: 163; 1 specimen in Drawer 40 at fmnh; head label with type information. Catocala ulalume Strecker, 1877.

French described Catocala sara from "two spec- lrh, p. 132; lrhs3, p. 35; 2 specimens in Drawer 33 imens from one in own at fmnh; head label with type information; 1 spec- Jamestown, Colorado, my imen at AMNH. cabinet and one in the cabinet of Hermann Streck-

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I. 13 Figs. 25-29. Holotypes and lectotypes of moths in the genus Catocala Schrank. Scale bar = 25 mm. 25, Holotype, sappho Strecker (1874). 26, Lectotype, ulalume Strecker (1877). 27, Lectotype, zillah Strecker (1877). 28, Lectotype, sara French (1883). 29, Holotype, zoe Behr (1870).

14 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY er." The Strecker specimen is a female, which we Literature Cited

here designate as LECTOTYPE for sara (our fig. and F. H. Benjamin. 1927. Notes and 28). The type locality is Jamestown, Colorado, Barnes, W., new Canadian 59: 4- [USA]. Catocala sara is a synonym of Catocala species (Lepid.). Entomologist, 10. junctura Walker (NEW STATUS). Barnes, W., and J. McDunnough. 1918. Illustrations of the North American species of the genus Catocala. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 3: 1^*7, 22 Catocala zoe Behr, 1870. (n.s.), plates. Behr, H. 1870. Synopsis noctuidarum hucusque in California repertarum. Transactions of the American Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 3: 24; 4 specimens in Drawer Entomological Society, 3: 23-28. 41 at fmnh; head label with type information. Beutenmuller, W. 1907. Notes on and descriptions of new forms of Catocala. Bulletin of the American Behr's holotype (by monotypy) was reared ex Museum of Natural History, 23: 145-151. larva from "beneath a clump of trees composed Brou, V. 1985. A new species of Catocala (Lepidop- of Quercus lobata, Alnus viridis, and a species of tera: Noctuidae) from the Gulf South, U.S.A. Pro- of the of ," the obviously being the appropriate ceedings Entomological Society Washington, 87: 889-892. host. The Strecker specimen is a female, and bears Brown, F. M. 1968. Letters from Dr. H. H. Behr to a label "Zoe. Behr/Napa Co." in Behr's hand- Herman Strecker. Journal of the Lepidopterists So- We this to be the ho- writing. presume specimen ciety, 22: 57-62. The is lotype (our fig. 29). type locality Searsville, Cramer, P. 1775. De Uitlandsche Kapellan Voorko- [Napa County, California, USA]. We presently mende in Drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en Amer- recognize zoe as a subspecies of Catocala ilia Cra- ica, vol. 1 . Baalde and Utrecht, Barthelmy Wild, Am- sterdam, 132 pp., 100 plates. mer (1775). Edwards, H. 1875. Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, no. 14— The types for the three Catocala authored by Notes on the genus Catocala, with descriptions of new Behr (1870) — zoe, irene, stretchii — have been species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sci- treated as lost by recent workers, probably on the ences, 6: 207-215. basis of Barnes and state- McDunnough's (1918) . 1877. Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, no. 23. De- ments that the irene type was "since destroyed" scription of a new species of Catocala, and a list of the Californian of the known to occur and the stretchii type "lost." However, in a brief specimens genus in collections. Published as a separate. 2 pp. foray into Strecker's archives, Brown (1968) came 1880. Descriptions of some new species of Ca- across a letter from Behr to Strecker implying that tocala. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Soci- Behr's Catocala had been sent to Strecker. types ety, 2: 93-97. Because we have uncovered no other information Edwards, W. H. 1864. Descriptions of certain species yet as to where Behr's Catocala types might be, of Catocala, found within the United States. Proceed- we see no reason to doubt Brown's suggestion, ings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2: 508-512. particularly given the label data associated with French, G. H. 1883. A new Catocala. Canadian En- the fmnh zoe specimen. A future search of the tomologist, 15: 163-164. nearly computerized Strecker correspondence files . 1886. Catocala notes. Canadian Entomologist, offer further into the of may insight disposition 18: 161-162. Behr's types. 1916. A new species of Catocala. Canadian Entomologist, 48: 72. Grote, A. R. 1872. On the North American species of Catocala. Transactions of the American Entomo- logical Society, 4: 1-20. Acknowledgments . 1874. Descriptions and notes on the Noctui- dae. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural His- We thank Phillip Parrillo (fmnh) and Benjamin tory, 16: 239-245. Williams (fmnh) for assistance with the Strecker 1876. On species of Catocala. Canadian En- collection and correspondence archives, respec- tomologist, 8: 229-232. Naturelle des Insectes. tively, in Chicago. Frederick Rindge (amnh) helped Guenee, A. 1852. Histoire Spe- cies General des Tome Septieme, Noc- with the Strecker and Henry Edwards types in New Lepidopteres. tuelites, Tome 3. Roret, Paris, 441 pp. York. William Sacco (Yale Peabody Museum) Hawks, D. C. 1986. The systematics and ecology of prepared the plates. Don LaFontaine (cnc, Otta- the Catocala delilah complex (Lepidoptera: Noctui- and Franclemont wa) John (Cornell University) dae). Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Cal- provided helpful criticism of the manuscript. ifornia, Riverside, 1 19 pp.

GALL & HAWKS: SYSTEMATICS OF MOTHS IN THE GENUS CATOCALA. I. 15 Hulst, G. D. 1884. The genus Catocala. Bulletin of . 1874a. op. cit., pp. 71-80. the 7: 14-56. Brooklyn Entomological Society, . 1874b. op. cit., pp. 81-94. N. J. 1903. Some remarks on the Kusnezov, genus . 1874c. op. cit., pp. 95-100. Catocala Schrank (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in the cat- . 1875. op. cit., pp. 101-108. alogue of Staudinger and Rebel, 1901. Revue Russe . 1876. 109-123. Entomologie, 3: 71-76. op. cit., pp. . 1877. op. cit., pp. 125-134. Lintner, J. A. 1876. On Catocala pretiosa, n.s. Ca- nadian Entomologist, 8: 121-122. . 1880. Catocala dejecta, n. sp., p. 97. In Ed- wards, H., of some new of Ca- Rambur, J. P. 1858-1866. Catalogue Systematique Descriptions species tocala. Bulletin of the Soci- des Lepidopteres de FAndalousie. Bailliere, Paris, 412 Brooklyn Entomological ety, 2: 93-97. pp., 22 plates. — Saunders, W. 1876. Notes on Catocalas. Canadian . 1884. atheroma infernalis and Catocala ba- new 4: 73-75. Entomologist, 8: 72-75. bayaga, species. Papilio,

. 1897. Catocala new Schrank, F. P. 1802. Fauna Bioica. Durchgedachte jair— species from Flor- Geschichte der in Baiern Einheimischen un Zahmen ida. Entomological News, 8: 116-117.

Thiere. Zweyter Band. Zweyte Abthilungen. Krull, In- . 1900. Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heter- golstadt, 1 73 pp. oceres, Indigenous and Exotic; with Descriptions and Colored Illustrations. Strecker, F. H. H. 1873a. Lepidoptera, Rhophaloc- Supplement 3. [No publisher given], 37 pp. eres and Heteroceres, Indigenous and Exotic; with De- scriptions and Colored Illustrations. Owen's Steam Walker, F. [1858] 1857. List of the Specimens of Lep- Book and Job Printing, Reading, Pennsylvania, pp. idopterous in the Collection of the British Mu- 17-24. seum, 13: 983-1286.

. 1873b. op. cit., pp. 33^13.

16 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

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