Point Pleasant Park Comprehensive Plan- Executive Summary | Halifax.Ca

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October 2008

submitted by:

NIPpaysage

Ekistics Planning and Design

in association with:

Peter N. Duinker PhD

Black Spruce Heritage Services

Form:Media

LandDesign Engineering Services

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Executive Summary ...... 1

1. Background...... 1

2. The Forest...... 6

3. The Shoreline ...... 12

4. Fortifications...... 15

5. Park Development Plan ...... 19

6. Implementation...... 23

Introduction...... 27

1.1 Background ...... 27

1.2 Park Chronology ...... 30

1.3 The Way Forward ...... 36

1.4 Comprehensive Plan Vision and Objectives...... 37

1.5 Organization of this Report ...... 40

Inventory & Analysis...... 41

2.1 Geology, Soils and Hydrology ...... 42

2.2 Coastal Dynamics ...... 48

2.3 Climate and Microclimate ...... 59

2.4 Forest Conditions ...... 63

2.5 Landscape Physiology ...... 74

2.6 Infrastructure...... 78

2.7 Historic Resources...... 81

2.8 Landscape Character and Experiential Qualities ...... 97

2.9 Park Uses ...... 107

2.10 Summary ...... 111

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Guiding Principles...... 115

3.1 Park Sustainability...... 115

3.2 Park Aesthetics...... 120

3.4 Cultural Resources ...... 126

3.5 First Nations’ Resource Principles ...... 129

3.6 Park Management, Administration and Operations ...... 130

3.7 Public Involvement...... 132

3.8 Education and Interpretation ...... 132

3.9 Safety and Security ...... 133

3.10 Human Impacts ...... 134

Management Plan...... 135

4.1 Forest Framework...... 136

4.2 Forest Management Strategies ...... 143

4.3 Shoreline Framework...... 160

4.4 Cultural Management Framework ...... 166

Park Development Plan...... 175

5.1 Introduction ...... 175

5.2 The Idea Behind The Plan ...... 177

5.3 Circulation Plan ...... 179

5.4 Landscape Experience...... 192

5.5 Amenities and Furnishings...... 203

5.6 Site Concept Plans...... 205

5.7 Wayfinding/Signing Strategy...... 235

5.8 Interpretation: Visitor Experience Concept ...... 242

5.9 Drainage Design ...... 245

5.10 Services...... 247

Implementation ...... 249

6.1 Point Pleasant Park Governance, Ownership, and Administration ...... 250

6.2 Next Steps and Areas for Further Study...... 262

6.3 Indicative Costs and Project Phasing...... 268

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Appendix A: 1999 User Survey Summary ...... 275

Appendix B: Summary of Winning Entries ...... 279

Appendix C: Case Studies...... 281

Appendix D: References ...... 297

Appendix E: Botanical and Common Names of trees at Point Pleasant Park ...... 303

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Map 2.1: Soils...... 43 Figure 1.1: Location of Point Pleasant Park on Halifax peninsula...... 28

Map 2.2: Hydrology & Outcrops ...... 47 Figure 1.2: Point Pleasant Park - 2005 ...... 29

Map 2.3: Coastal Features ...... 51 Figure 2.1: Multibeam bathymetry map ...... 49

Map 2.4: 1858 Shoreline ...... 55 Figure 2.2: Point Pleasant Battery, circa 1890 ...... 53

Map 2.5: Climate...... 61 Figure 4.1: Park management framework ...... 135

Map 2.6: Lidar ...... 75 Figure 4.2: Relationship between age and average percentage of damage of the important tree species in all the plots following Map 2.7: South-Facing Slopes...... 76 the 1938 hurricane at the Harvard Forest. (Source: Foster, 2003.) ...... 144 Map 2.8: Slopes ...... 77 Figure 4.3: Existing forest patches (witness groves) Map 2.9: Park Infrastructure...... 79 overlaid on LIDAR imagery ...... 148

Map 2.10: Cultural Heritage ...... 83 Figure 4.4: Dichotomy between forest visual quality and ecological Map 2.11: Park Structures...... 89 sustainability (Sheppard, 2001) ...... 151

Map 2.12: Landscape Character ...... 99 Figure 4.6: Section “C”. See Map 4.3 for section locations ...... 162

Map 2.13: Summary Map ...... 114 Figure 4.5: Bonaventure Anchor relocation ...... 162

Map 4.1: Forest Management Zones ...... 147 Figure 4.7: Section “B”. See Map 4.3 for section locations ...... 163

Map 4.2: Forest Aesthetics ...... 153 Figure 4.8: Section A. See Map 4.3 for section locations ...... 164

Map 4.3: Coastal Management Zones ...... 161 Figure 4.9: Hicks 1782 ...... 166

Map 4.4: Cultural Management Zones ...... 167 Figure 5.1: Contextual circulation plan ...... 179

Map 4.5: Existing Park Monuments ...... 174 Figure 5.2: Main Pedestrian Paths ...... 182

Map 5.1: Historical Roads ...... 186 Figure 5.3: Secondary Pedestrian Paths ...... 183

Map 5.2: Existing Circulation ...... 187 Figure 5.4: Minor Pedestrian Paths ...... 184

Map 5.3: Additions And Subtractions ...... 188 Figure 5.5: Proposed permanent park benches ...... 204

Map 5.4: Proposed Path Hierarchy ...... 189 Figure 5.6: Landscape Seasonality ...... 206

Map 5.5: Proposed Vehicle Access ...... 190 Figure 5.7: Proposed entrance improvements at Young Avenue ...... 212

Map 5.6: Areas Diagram ...... 194 Figure 5.8: Proposed improvements - Tower Road entrance ...... 214

Map 5.7: Landmarks And Special Places ...... 195 Figure 5.9: Proposed improvements - upper parking lot to Cambridge Drive ...... 214 Map 5.8: Historic And External Views...... 199 Figure 5.9a: Proposed improvements - lower parking lot ...... 216 Map 5.9: Proposed Internal Views...... 202 Figure 5.10: Harbour look-off ...... 217 Map 5.10: Overall Park Plan ...... 207 Figure 5.11: Proposed improvements - Eastern shoreline ...... 220 Map 5.11: Existing Signage ...... 241 Figure 5.12: Proposed improvements - Arm Road near Chain Battery...... 222 Map 5.12: Proposed Signage ...... 241 Figure 5.13: Proposed improvements - Fort Ogilvie ...... 224

Figure 5.14: Proposed improvement - Cambridge Battery ...... 226

Figure 5.15: Ocean Meadow - Point Pleasant Battery area ...... 228

Figure 5.16: Proposed improvements - North West Arm Battery ...... 230

Figure 5.17: Proposed gateway monolith ...... 236

Figure 5.18: Proposed kiosk ...... 237

Figure 5.19: Proposed wayfinding signs ...... 238

Figure 5.20: Proposed interpretive signs ...... 239

Figure 5.21: Proposed emergency telephones ...... 240

Figure 5.22: Proposed tour markers ...... 240

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Table 1.1: IDC Public Participation Questionnaire Summary ...... 34

Table 2.1: Forest data from Guscott (2000) corresponding to the five main patches of forest not blown down by Hurricane Juan ...... 66

Table 2.2: Major tree species in Point Pleasant Park ...... 68

Table 2.3: Historic viewsheds ...... 96

Table 2.4: Park visitor summary ...... 109

Table 4.1: Criteria, elements and values for sustainable forest management in Point Pleasant Park ...... 140

Table 4.2: Values, objectives, indicators, and targets for Point Pleasant Park ...... 141

Table 4.3: Targets and generic actions for management of Point Pleasant Park ...... 142

Table 4.4: Non-native species removal strategy ...... 150

Table 4.5: Forest aesthetic management approaches ...... 152

Table 4.6: Seedling plantings in Point Pleasant Park (2007-08) ...... 156

Table 4.7: Understorey non-native plant treatments ...... 157

Table 4.8: Forest monitoring requirements ...... 158

Table 4.9: Cultural resource outcomes and treatments ...... 173

Table 5.1: Landmarks (“Key” references Map 5.7) ...... 192

Table 5.2: Special Places (“Key” references Map 5.7) ...... 193

Table 5.3: Historic Views ...... 196

Table 5.4: External views (“Key” references Map 5.8) ...... 198

Table 5.5: Internal views (“Key” references Map 5.9) ...... 200

Table 5.6: Views to Mitigate ...... 201

Table 5.7 Park interpretive themes ...... 242

Table 5.8 Park interpretive themes ...... 243

Table 5.9 Park interpretive themes ...... 244

Table 5.10 Park interpretive themes ...... 245

Table 6.1 Summary of indicative costs ...... 269

Table 6.2 Summary of Project Phasing ...... 270

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Preamble 1. Background In most municipal recreation The southern end of the Halifax its dangerous shoals and lack parks, cultural resources are peninsula was one of many of fresh water caused them to not the focus: the ecosystem gathering points around Chebucto move northwards to the area now consists of turf and trees and (Halifax Harbour) for the Mi’kmaq overlooked by the Citadel. Some public recreation dominates. In well before Europeans set foot on houses and farms were built at most Canadian historic sites, the this continent. Long recognized Point Pleasant, and the Point was cultural resources are in full focus, by seafarers as the entrance fortified to protect the infant city. with nature well-tamed and public to a fine harbour, it was where Once the inhabitants had time for recreation discouraged. In most British settlers landed in 1749, leisure, it became a destination for nature-oriented parks cultural and where they first intended to walkers, carriages and people on resources are not a focus, and build their settlement. However, horseback. public recreation opportunities are limited.

The goal of the Comprehensive Plan for Point Pleasant Park is to achieve a balance: a distinctive landscape with clearly presented historic features in an Acadian forest setting; a landscape where cultural heritage and the natural environment enhance each other and are balanced with recreational uses that respect the Park’s sustainability.

The next 200 years saw a cycle By September 2003, the forest a team of arborists, foresters, of abandonment of fortifications was in poor shape. It was of ecologists, park specialists and on Point Pleasant during times of even-age, mature trees dominated archaeologists to advise on what peace and the hasty restoration of (90 per cent) by red spruce. In to do. The public was distraught. old fortifications and construction 2001, 2,500 trees were cut in Those who trespassed found of new ones when Great Britain an effort to eradicate the brown they became disoriented within and its colonies were under threat. spruce longhorn beetle which had feet of the road—nothing was The woods were cut many times infested the forest. Then early recognizable in the tangle of roots, to provide sightlines for the forts in 2003, an ice storm destroyed trunks and branches that covered and for timber. By the late 19th another 10,000 trees. When the area. century, armaments had become Hurricane Juan, a Category 2 so powerful that Halifax could be storm, struck from the southeast guarded from the outer harbour, on the night of September 28, although Point Pleasant remained 2003, the forest was ripe for in use by the military until after nature’s own process of renewal World War II. In 1866, the City of to begin. Halifax acquired Point Pleasant on By morning, Point Pleasant Park a 999-year lease for a park. New was a tangled mess of downed roads and paths were designed trees and upended roots. Many and built, new tree species were trees had snapped off at half imported and Point Pleasant Park height, and many were leaning was born: a forest park where perilously on their neighbours. the ruins of fortifications and Seventy five per cent of the fortifications in active use could trees had been lost. The Park be found at every turn. Gradually was closed and Halifax Regional many of the signs of earlier use Municipality staff assembled became obscured.

2 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» After the hurricane In 2005, Southwest Properties Ltd. sponsored the Point Pleasant Park Guided by the guided by advisors, International Design Competition teams of foresters, teams began to choose the best way of renewing clearing the Park, using modern the Park. The word “design” in forest machinery and taking the title served to rally a public care to preserve young trees fearful that the nature of its Park so as to speed up the recovery might change. Public consultation of the forest. Enough material preceding the competition resulted was removed to make the Park in an overwhelming cry of “Give manageable and reduce fire us back our forest.” People were hazard, but as much as possible asked to describe what the Park of the woody debris was left on meant to them. Over 300 replied, the ground to rot and provide an unprecedented response. nutrition. One patch of forest, just From these often beautiful and south of Cambridge Battery, was heart-wrenching documents HRM left untouched, as an experiment compiled a list of descriptions in natural regeneration and to of the park. This list informed remind people of Hurricane competition, and is now the basis Juan’s fury. Standing dead trees of the Comprehensive Plan. Users (snags) were left as habitat for Sailors Memorial Way was cleared said that Point Pleasant Park insects, birds and other wildlife. first and, in October 2003, the offered them: Archaeoogists examined beneath Park was open for a day so that the fallen trees and discovered citizens could see the task ahead. many artifacts and lost sites and Over 100,000 people walked along features The damaged shoreline Sailors Memorial Way as far as was strengthened to prevent Point Pleasant and were amazed further erosion. at the extent of the destruction. In June 2004, the Park was re- tranquillity and serenity opened and people were able to see all that the hurricane had done. What had been a huge enclosed forest full of secret spaces and shady paths, a place where you could still get lost after exploring it for 10 years, had history become a moonscape dotted with stumps and dead trees. You could walking, running and see in all directions. New views picnicking of ocean and city had appeared everywhere. The Park seemed to have shrunk dramatically. citizens

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Preparing the Comprehensive Plan

The winning consultants were charged with the creation of a Comprehensive Plan based on their submissions and with principles firmly based on the statements received from the public. These principles include:

In addition to guiding the restoration of Point Pleasant Park, the Comprehensive Plan’s emphasis is to make the Park even better than it was before Hurricane Juan. The public demanded both a healthy and a natural looking forest. However, forest experts have made it clear that the appearance of a natural forest can only be achieved by carefully following the management strategy outlined in the Comprehensive Plan. Long- term threats to the forest include hurricanes, fire, ice storms, global warming, sea level rise, invasive pests and poor management, but The competition was won jointly it is possible, by adhering to the by Ekistics Planning and Design of Comprehensive Plan, for park Dartmouth and NIP paysages of managers to be prepared for some Montréal. Their entries responded of these eventualities in a way to the public’s demand for the re- that nature cannot. This will be creation of a healthy forest, the accomplished by managing the restoration of the shoreline, and growth of a healthier and more the preservation of other forts and sustainable forest, while at the other historic sites and features in same time repairing and preserving the Park. These themes became the shoreline, and stabilizing and the primary focus of the work interpreting the forts and other that followed. cultural assets within the forest.

4 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» The plan also outlines a number Nature at Work of potential improvements to Point While the competition and understorey flourished. Lady’s- Pleasant Park: upgraded entrances, subsequent creation of the slipper orchids could be found a new multi-purpose building, more Comprehensive Plan took place, and the raspberry, blueberry stable roads and paths, new toilets, nature, the most active member and blackberry crops were the a wayfinding system and new park of the partnership, began to heal best ever. A native grass species furniture. Consistent use of high- the Park in her own way. Tree quickly grew in treeless areas quality and appropriate design for seedlings germinated in much and passersby were enchanted all built aspects of the Park will give increased numbers, and fallen by the silvery wave patterns that it a visual cohesion that has been broadleaf tree stumps produced rippled across it even in the lacking. The future management tall, healthy shoots that will lightest wind. After the first shock structure of the Park, the cost of quickly become trees. With more wore off, people adjusted to the implementing the Comprehensive light available, the more than 100 wounded landscape and learned Plan and the program of monitoring species of smaller plants and to recognize the signs of natural needed to gauge the success of shrubs that make up the forest regeneration. work carried out are also addressed.

2. The Forest Guiding Principles Management Method for The Forest Growing a forest is less predictable Research The guiding principles for than growing a field of corn. the forest require balancing To create a naturalized forest Initial work to create a landscape ecology with human ecosystem in Point Pleasant management plan for the forest use. They include encouraging Park, the Comprehensive Plan included the study of much the development of a sustainable calls for the implementation of existing research on hurricane- mixed-age Acadian forest adaptive management, which it damaged forests, their rate of containing a diversity of native considers well-suited to projects regrowth, and such beneficial tree species. The emphasis is in which the long-term results of aftereffects as encouraging a more to be on long-lived, hardy, managing natural resources and mixed-age forest and increasing shade-tolerant varieties like ecosystems are uncertain. Using forest diversity. Much of this sugar maple, yellow birch, red adaptive management, long- and information was gathered from oak, eastern hemlock, white pine short-term goals are set and work done on the Harvard Forest and red spruce, although many actions take place. Results are in Massachusetts, which was other species will be encouraged. then carefully monitored and, if damaged by a hurricane in 1938. Wherever possible, natural necessary, methods are adapted In addition, the landscape of regeneration is the favoured means to take advantage of results. Point Pleasant Park was carefully of renewing the forest, augmented This management approach classified, and the geology and with planting where a greater encourages experiments in which soils were studied. An inventory of diversity of species is desired. systems are managed in different existing tree species was created, The target is to increase the forest ways to generate knowledge as was a study of the natural area, and the Comprehensive Plan as to the best method to use. regeneration taking place in makes it very clear that Point Halifax Regional Municipality is the Park. Pleasant Park is a forest park, not responsible for implementing the a park of lawns, sports fields and Comprehensive Plan, with the large buildings. help of contractors and (in certain cases) volunteers. Implementation of the plan will require careful records of work carried out and regular assessments of progress. Monitoring will be carried out by staff and interpreted by a new Monitoring and Research Committee.

6 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» Creating the Forest In the remaining two-thirds of growing season, are thriving. In the forest, emphasis will be the spring of 2008 another 42,000 The Comprehensive Plan considers put on encouraging the growth were planted on the remaining first the stands of trees, mainly of a mixture of broadleaved south slopes. (see Table 4.6, needleleaved varieties, which and needleleaved species, with page 156) A program of regular survived Hurricane Juan. They are emphasis on broadleaved trees. thinning of natural regrowth was clustered mostly in the northern, Such a composition will give also introduced throughout the more protected areas of the Park the forest maximum resistance Park to ensure that the most and represent about one-third of to future hurricanes and to the desirable young trees flourish what will be the forested areas of stress that comes from constant and that a good mix of species the Park. These stands are referred interaction with humans and their is obtained. As the years pass, to as “Witness Groves” because pets. It will also guarantee a high this highly skilled work, which is they bear witness to the former life aesthetic appeal year round. the centrepiece of managing the of the forest. They contain mostly forest restoration, will proceed on mature trees and to keep them A top priority for attention will a continuous basis. healthy for as long as possible, be the three east-west bands of protective bands of broadleaved south-facing slopes of the Park, trees will be planted round them. which are a major geological Although the Witness Groves will feature. (See map 2.7, page receive minimal management in 76) These suffered badly from the early years of the plan, they Hurricane Juan; moreover, they dry play many important roles in out fast and are subject to erosion. renewal of the forest, including So important are these slopes providing a supply of seeds. that planting on them began in 2007. In separate spring and fall plantings, the slopes nearest the sea were planted with 30,000 broadleaved and needleleaved seedlings, which, thanks to a wet

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Non-native species beech for the Park. If this is The Comprehensive Plan notes not successful, European beech that as global warming takes place, Non-native species of trees, shrubs (green) will be encouraged the range of trees found naturally and lower plants, of which there to take its place. in Nova Scotia could change. Some are about 15 species in the Park, trees will do less well and need to will be treated in a variety of ways Heather is deemed to be part of be replaced by more heat tolerant depending on the extent to which the history of the Park because species. The plan calls for the early they threaten native species. it is said to have propagated introduction of some trees found itself from twigs that fell from the For example, the Norway Maple, in southern Ontario and the mattresses of Scottish soldiers. which seeds itself so aggressively New England states to prepare The patches on Sailors Memorial as to hinder the propagation of for this eventuality. Way and other nearby areas will other species, will be actively be maintained, but further discouraged. Seedlings will be spreading will be prevented. removed on a regular basis and some mature examples of this Other non-native species will be species may be removed where dealt with according to Table doing so does not spoil the (Table 4.4, page 150). Work to appearance of the forest. eradicate Japanese knotweed has already begun. The copper-leaved variety of the European beech will be preserved in the areas where they were originally planted: mostly along roads. Where the rows are incomplete, the missing trees will be replaced with stray seedlings growing in the Park. The North American beech, which is native to Nova Scotia, is currently suffering from a bark disease and is not available for planting. However, HRM staff are investigating trials of a disease-resistant strain which, if successful, will be the preferred

8 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» Park Fauna “A fantastic opportunity to enjoy Birds and animals are an the outdoors in all seasons with important aspect of creating my family and pet in a friendly a sustainable forest for many atmosphere for all of us.” reasons, including their ability to Ø»³°ó²»¬¬´» distribute seeds. Attention will be Anonymous, 2005 PPP paid to improving the habitat of all questionnaire response park fauna.

Drainage Forest Aesthetics A healthy forest will also be Forest aesthetics looks at forests Í°±¬¬»¼ ¼»ª·´• °¿·²¬¾®«•¸ encouraged by altering some drainage patterns so that there are from a purely human point of areas of wetland and not all water view—considering the visual effect flows immediately to the sea. A full of the forest on the people who study of drainage in the Park is an visit it. The plan suggests that imminent requirement. consideration of forest aesthetics be incorporated into decision- Ý±³³±² ¸¿©µ©»»¼ Trees and History making about the forest. For example, when species are chosen, One place where trees will not the eventual height and density of take priority is where they have the forest canopy can be planned grown on the slopes and tops of to create a variety of different forts or other cultural artifacts. experiences for Park users. Here it will be necessary to remove Guided by aesthetics, the Park some trees so as to preserve the Ö¿°¿²»•» µ²±¬©»»¼ can be tailored into one of several forts from further deterioration categories of forest styles. These and enable stabilization to take include “picturesque,” “pastoral,” place. In addition, so as to make “primeval,” “coastal barrens” and the original purpose of the forts “sacred forest.” clearer to visitors, trees will not be planted or encouraged to grow in at least part of their original Ø»¿¬¸»® sightlines.

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Views are an important component There will be instances where logs in more attractive ways. of the landscape architecture of tension arises between the However, the management plan Point Pleasant Park and one gift competing goals of forest makes it clear that where forest that Hurricane Juan gave to Point management and forest aesthetics. management and the public’s Pleasant Park is an opportunity From a forest management perception are in conflict, the to frame historic views long perspective, leaving snags upright health of the forest must be concealed by a burgeoning forest, and fallen trees and brush on the given priority. and to create new ones. Some of forest floor to rot is essential to these views will be permanent, provide a long-term source of Views and others temporary. Depending food for a healthy forest. In some People come to the Park for the on the season, the Park forest locations, logs have been placed forest and its cultural resources, plays a role in framing, filtering or to discourage entry to a sensitive but they also come to enjoy what obscuring views. area, to provide growing pockets is to be seen within and beyond of earth or to prevent runoff of the Park. The sight of a sudden water. From an aesthetic viewpoint, transition between one landscape many people do not like what they and another, or of a ship entering perceive to be the “mess” that the harbour, can bring a sudden this creates. This situation can lift of the spirits, a moment be mitigated to some degree by of elation. dragging debris away from paths and into the forest or by arranging

10 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» Historic views External views Internal views (Borrowed Landscapes) In its role as a fortress, Point These are more intimate views Pleasant was the eyes of the city, There are other views beyond within the Park, usually along alert for signs of enemy approach. the Park: McNabs Island, York straight paths, at intersections, Each fort and battery within the area Redoubt and the view through between two landscape types had its essential sightlines towards the outer harbour to the distant or towards a point of interest. the sea and lines of communication horizon. These views, known as Sometimes they can be seen from with other forts and batteries borrowed landscapes, are part of a distance, sometimes they come around the harbour. High forts such the experience of Point Pleasant as a surprise. All will be enhanced as the Martello Tower and Fort Park and are essential to the by careful management of Ogilvie were able to communicate public’s long-term enjoyment of forest regeneration. with the Citadel, as well as McNabs the Park. There is not at present Island and other major forts. any means to ensure that these View screening borrowed landscapes retain their Now these historic views can Then there are the views we do traditional appearance. be restored, bringing to life the not want to see: trees are already strategic importance of the forts McNabs Island and York Redoubt being planted to mask views of and batteries. Most of this work are secure in public ownership, the Halterm container terminal, will be done by managing the but areas of the Northwest Arm parking areas, the backyards of regeneration of the forest to leave and the Dartmouth shore are private homes and maintenance some historic views clear, although vulnerable to development and facilities. in some cases pruning or removal of should be carefully watched as the trees may have to take place. future unfolds. If necessary, view plane protection for Point Pleasant In the case of the sightline from Park could be explored. the Martello Tower to Citadel Hill, it does not make sense to restore what would now be an urban view, so markings to indicate the direction of “ It restores the spirits of those Citadel Hill will be put on who walk through it. My children the ground. and grandchildren love its soothing mystery and freedom.” At Chain Battery, a viewing platform will be installed to allow visitors to Anonymous, 2005 PPP see views that sweep up and down questionnaire response the Northwest Arm.

3. The Shoreline

The sea dominates and defines most of the boundary of Point Pleasant Park, and the Comprehensive Plan contains a proposal to form a municipal marine reserve in waters immediately offshore. This would complement onshore efforts to promote the sustainability of that areas with steeply sloping 1858 the shoreline between the the Park. beaches are more susceptible Bonaventure Anchor and the North A number of shoals lie just to erosion than those with West Arm Battery has retreated offshore Point Pleasant Park, shallow slopes. 25 to 30 metres. As a result, some including the well-known Hen and archaeological remains are likely The predominant direction for Chickens. These shoals affect the to be found on what is now the high winds in the Park is from strength of wave action on the seabed. Otherwise, although there the southeast. Because the major shoreline: increasing it in some are some notable changes, the effect of wave energy is on areas areas and reducing it in others. In shoreline has remained remarkably perpendicular (at right angles) areas where the shoals mitigate stable in the 150 years since the to the direction of wave energy, the strength of the waves, this Hopkins study. the greatest erosion has occurred effect is lost at high tide when between the Bonaventure Anchor For purposes of preparing the they are covered, and even more and the North West Arm Battery. Comprehensive Plan, the shoreline so during storms when the wind The shoreline from Black Rock has been divided into four clearly drives the tides higher than Beach to the Bonaventure Anchor defined areas. See map on page normal. It will also be lost by and from the North West Arm 161 (Map 4.3) These zones are predicted sea level rise. Battery to Chain Battery, which defined by their different levels Erosion is a natural feature of is relatively sheltered from high of wave energy, offshore and shorelines, and so is the process wave energy, has suffered less nearshore underwater conditions, of progradation (the building from erosion in recent years. and onshore topography. In up of some areas with sand and Studies done in preparing the planning for the future, predicted cobbles). There are many factors Comprehensive Plan included sea level rise of between 30 and that affect the way an area of comparing the present shoreline 50 centimetres over the next shoreline erodes, one of which is with a survey prepared by Hopkins 100 years must be taken into in 1858 (See page 55). This consideration. Without a protective comparison shows that since strategy in place, accelerated rates of erosion are likely. A shoreline investigation is a first priority.

12 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» Guiding Principles for Black Rock Beach to Bonaventure Anchor to Start of The Shoreline Bonaventure Anchor Point Pleasant Bluff

The following principles will guide This area consists of three This section of shore, which work on the shoreline of Point coves with beach particle faces the prevailing storm wind, Pleasant Park: sizes increasing as you move is most vulnerable to waves and south. They are divided by slate to erosion. This entire stretch of promontories that extend out shoreline suffered from erosion should be expected and into the harbour and protect during Hurricane Juan and a planned for if other objectives them from wave action. This is subsequent major storm in 2003. do not demand stabilization. the most heavily used stretch of The Bonaventure Anchor may have shoreline and the most highly to be moved in the near future and undertaken if archaeological maintained. The first cove is Black placed in another location close features are seriously Rock Beach, where sand has been to the shore. If so, it should be threatened by erosion. artificially introduced. It was positioned on shallow bedrock to formerly a swimming beach and reduce its vulnerability to erosion. we hope to be able to open it to of eventual erosion, As a result of erosion, Point swimming again when the Harbour archaeological work along the Pleasant Battery is at high risk Solutions project has sufficiently shoreline should be carried for structural failure and poses reduced the level of pollution in out as soon as possible. serious risk to human safety. water. The second cove is more Archaeological studies, followed exposed than Black Rock Beach. by either removal or entombment, seriously compromised by This area is under little threat and are a high priority for this feature. erosion and pose a safety can be relied upon to exist in its Entombment is the recommended hazard to the public, they present state for some time, so no option. should be removed or immediate protection is required. entombed after all cultural assets have been recorded.

The searchlight emplacement just Point Pleasant Bluff to west of this battery is in very bad Purcell’s Landing condition and poses a serious (including bluff and landing) threat to human safety. It should The bluff is a drumlin-like be documented and then removed feature, which is a classic as soon as possible. It is not easy eroding headland or coastal bluff to install protective measures in composed of red brown till. Under this area because waves tend to the force of wave action the bluff wash round any installations and erodes from the base, the slope erode them from the sides then falls into the eroded void. The and behind. till is washed out to sea, leaving Shore of Northwest Arm from As noted above, steep slopes the larger cobbles and boulders on Purcell’s Landing to Chain erode more quickly than shallow the beach. Battery (excluding landing) ones, and recent efforts to stop The bluff has received the most This area consists of a rocky erosion by piling stones along the remedial attention in recent shore with steep till and bedrock connection between beach and years, including a large amount cliffs behind it. The steep slope meadow are likely to be worsening of rock reinforcement after amplifies the energy of the rather than improving the situation Hurricane Juan. It is a complex incoming waves. The road is the and should be stopped. engineering project and one of chief cultural feature of this area. The shoreline lawns are in poor the greatest challenges facing The worst threat to the cliffs condition due to compaction and park management because its arises from poor drainage running poor soil, and growing conditions east and west sections suffer towards the shore. Improvements must be improved. These lawns are from differing wave effects. In to drainage and the diversion of also susceptible to inundation if this location, the recording of shallow groundwater under the the sea level rises, with consequent archaeological resources, followed road are recommended. Special loss of park area. by stabilization, are urgently care is also recommended in the required. Work is also needed area toward Chain Battery because to control surface and shallow this is the location of many groundwater runoff over the edge Mi’kmaq cultural resources. of the bluff, which also cause erosion. Remains of the original house east of Point Pleasant Bluff are vulnerable to erosion and also need urgent attention.

14 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» 4. Fortifications All these cultural resources together form an unusual Point Pleasant Park is rich in combination of historic sites tangible reminders of human in a forest landscape. In most history. Archaeological exploration Canadian historic sites, the after Hurricane Juan brought the cultural material is usually in full number of known archaeological focus, with nature well tamed, features in the Park more than while in nature-oriented parks 240. They range from complete any cultural resources are often forts to faint depressions in the neglected. In Point Pleasant Park earth. Pre-Contact Mi’kmaq history the goal of the Comprehensive is represented, as is early British Plan is to achieve a balance: a civilian architecture. The Park’s distinctive landscape with clearly military history is well represented, presented historic features in with a range of forts and batteries, an Acadian forest setting, where including the Prince of Wales cultural heritage and the natural Tower National Historic Site of environment enhance each Canada. other. (See Map 4.4 Cultural Management Zones, page 167)

Guiding Principles for In the past many countries, After stabilization of cultural The Forts and Other Canada included, rebuilt historic assets has taken place, they must Cultural Assets sites as replicas. Since the signing be monitored periodically to of the UNESCO Venice Charter ensure stability. The cultural resources in the in 1972, this practice has been Park are subject to the Province Vegetation management protocols less common. Today ruins are of Nova Scotia’s Special Places have been described in the forest stabilized and preserved and Protection Act, which provides section above. These are essential interpreted with pictures, maps for the protection, preservation, to avoid damage to the cultural and written and oral material so regulation, exploration, excavation, resources. Some locations will that visitors can understand and acquisition and study of have trees, saplings and shrubs enjoy the site without causing archaeological finds. In addition to removed and will be stabilized with further damage to it. this legislation, the Comprehensive native grasses or other low plants Plan adapts Parks Canada’s The creation of a detailed to stop erosion. There will be a Cultural Resources Management inventory of the cultural resources two-metre to five-metre treeless Policy to provide guidance in of Point Pleasant Park is a buffer zone around major cultural managing the Park’s historic and high priority. It will serve as a assets and only trees less than 10 cultural assets. The essential management tool, enabling staff metres in height will be permitted components of this policy are: to better understand the Park’s near major fortifications to historic and archaeological minimize potential damage from resources and how to protect windthrow. Vegetation around the resources them from such routine activities summerhouses will be managed to as snow clearing and grass enhance their views. A section of cutting. The inventory will also be 18th century field between Heather the basis of preservation work, Road and Sailors Memorial Way, significance of sites and will provide information for overlooking Point Pleasant Battery the interpretation of sites. In will be preserved as grass meadow historic value in conservation addition, the Comprehensive Plan and will also help form a look- and preservation recommends that all information off to McNabs Island and Halifax about cultural resources be Harbour. entered into the Geographic conservation and preservation Information System (GIS) HRM objectives are met uses in its management of sites.

16 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» To ensure that newly discovered cultural assets are protected, there will be instances where work that requires digging below the surface of the Park will be supervised by archaeologists. This is especially important along roads and paths, many of which of date back to the second half of the 18th century, and in areas where Mi’kmaq artifacts are difficult to recognize.

First Nations

The design competition and preparation of the Comprehensive Plan have involved consultation Mi’kmaq sites will be recognized, Historic Architecture with members of the Mi’kmaq protected and preserved, and Some evidence of 18th century community, and the Park has some will be interpreted for the stone foundations was discovered been chosen as a suitable location public. In the case of others, it will after the hurricane. There is proof for commemorating the Mi’kmaq be more appropriate not to call that more than one house was presence in Halifax. The Mi’kmaq attention to them. In addition to built in Point Pleasant during community’s reverence for Mother these policies, the Comprehensive the 18th century, and there is Earth is the basis of management Plan suggests the revival of tantalizing evidence, including for all Mi’kmaq sites of special Saint Aspinquid’s festival as a a painting, of the fine house significance in the Park. celebration of Mi’kmaq heritage. and garden once inhabited by Lieutenant Governor Edmund Fanning (1783-86), but at present its location is not known.

Military History Monument Policy landscape or nature. No trees or archaeological remains are to be Table 4.9 (Page 173) describes The Comprehensive Plan suggests compromised. Possible future the treatments and outcomes for a monument policy for Point events connected with a monument many of the military sites in the Pleasant Park that would include a should be considered when it is Park. Fort Ogilvie will be stabilized process of application, review and designed. and viewing decks constructed. Its approval (with public input) for the defensive ditch, which has partially installation of new monuments. Existing monuments that contravene infilled over time, will be planted These must be fully funded, this policy will be grandfathered if with groundcover, grass or shrubs including maintenance costs. The they are safe and in good condition. for stability. Point Pleasant Battery subjects of new memorials must Those that are not must either will be entombed. North West Arm be directly associated with Point be made safe and put in good Battery and Chain Battery will be Pleasant Park, and be significant condition or, after discussion with cleared. All these activities will to a wide range of HRM citizens, any group associated with them, require archaeological consultation and to future generations. The removed from the Park. to ensure the historic integrity of location of a monument must the stabilization. be accessible to all and must not compete with existing trees, structures or services, or cause traffic that conflicts with existing walking patterns. Monuments must not block important views: landscape, nature or historic features in the Park are to be

18 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» 5. Park Development Plan The Park Development Plan also The Park Development Plan deals with roads and paths, views describes opportunities to improve In a park the visual identity is a both near and distant, a new multi- the visual and practical aspects of system that ensures that the same purpose building at the harbour the Park, enhancing the quality of materials, shapes, and colours are entrance, wayfinding and signage, the experience people enjoy there used for all built components, thus and park furnishings. The way in and giving it a visual cohesion it ensuring that these objects enhance which Point Pleasant Park seemed did not have before. Visual identity rather than conflict with the works to shrink after Hurricane Juan is the core of all this work. of nature. In the system devised was described earlier. Much of for Point Pleasant Park, materials the Park Development Plan deals Visual Identity related to the natural environment with ways in which the Park will are used. Timber, stone and steel be made big again by providing The concept of creating a visual are the materials of choice and the a wide variety of experiences for identity for a place, institution or way in which they are used mirrors the visitor. It also outlines how the firm is well established. Although the built items of the past. Stone is Park fits into the network of open the components of such an identity to be used in ways that reflect the spaces on the Halifax peninsula and may not be recognized by many walls of the early military period, how people can circulate between of the people who see them, they the Park entrances of a later era them. This includes the proposed provide subliminal confirmation of and the natural rock outcrops urban greenway and an Active where they are, and enhance the found throughout the Park. The Transportation trail to the Park natural character of a location. wood used will be rot-resistant from the waterfront via the port of second-growth cedar or hemlock. Halifax and the container port.

Entrances

All three main entrances to the Park will be enhanced to provide a clear definition of when visitors enter the Park. Each will offer a real welcome and a promise of the rich experience of forest and history which is to come, and information about the Park will be readily available.

At each entrance an area of paving will mark the transition from the Paths (Circulation) Main paths: city to the Park and a stone and Paths will be made accessible to These will consist of the upper and concrete monolith marked Point visitors in wheelchairs wherever lower loops around the Park. They Pleasant Park will be installed. possible. Accessible pathway will feature panoramic views and See graphic on page 236. loops will be created and their views into the forest, and will give Harbour Entrance: Design locations clearly advertised. In access to most Park destinations. elements include a belt of trees the circulation plan, most present Surfaces will be stone dust, and to hide the container port, natural trails and surfaces will remain. In extra measures will be taken to features to control traffic speed, addition, 1,400 metres of historic prevent this dust from spreading a new multi-purpose building and trails will be revived to bring into adjacent vegetation. In addition, possibly a small outdoor back views now unavailable and rough cut stone edging will be skating rink. to restore traditional circulation installed at intersections and in high patterns. Approximately 350 interest areas. Open joints between Young Avenue: A new surface and metres of informal trails created the stones will allow water to drain traffic calming mechanisms will by park users since Hurricane but prevent the spread of the be introduced to link the existing Juan will be closed and vegetation stone dust. historic gates more directly with planted in their place. The path the Park. A new, lower, water hierarchy will consist of four Secondary paths: feature will be added to make different levels of trails identified the entrance more welcoming. These connect the upper and lower by their width, surface, edge An interpretation plaza and the loop paths. They will be surfaced treatment and signage. Motor Superintendent’s Lodge and its with stone dust, and drainage vehicle traffic will be discouraged garden will be integrated into the ditches and other strategies will within the Park. The use of large welcoming approach. prevent the dust from spreading maintenance vehicles will be to adjacent vegetation. Tower Road: Changes will be made limited as much as possible. to rationalize parking and make the entrance more welcoming for visitors.

20 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» Site Amenities Greenbank Multi-Purpose and Furnishings Building

Existing pit toilets and others that An exciting new building will be are in poor condition will gradually placed at the harbour entrance be removed and replaced with new to the Park, approximately where ones where piped water permits. the canteen now stands, thus Drinking fountains, with dog-level concentrating visitor services in fountains, will be placed where one of the least environmentally existing water lines permit. sensitive areas of the Park. Pending Minor paths: future studies, it could serve many Furnishings will enhance the park purposes: park and city information These will have various surface experience by providing places to centre, park office, interpretation materials depending on location stop, rest, eat and gather. They area, canteen and café, formal and site condition. Where the will be of good design and built restaurant, multi-purpose space slopes are not too steep, wood of the materials appropriate for for program groups in case of chips will be used. This material the Park (wood, stone and steel) inclement weather, fully accessible has the advantages of being and in compliance with the visual restrooms, all-season change rooms available on site, retaining identity plan, so they contribute to support swimming, skating, moisture, resisting erosion and to the character of the Park. Their and so on. adding organic matter to the soil. design will be understated so Vegetation will be encouraged to that natural features of the Park Greenbank will be an grow naturally beside these paths, remain the focus of attention. environmentally friendly building giving visitors an opportunity The existing concrete and painted (possibly with a green roof) designed to enjoy the remnants of the wood benches will be reused. to enhance the entrance to the needleleaved Witness Groves and Park and to provide a visual link the mixedwood succession groves. between land and sea with views of the harbour mouth. The design will Special paths: reflect Nova Scotia’s architectural These are new, narrow woodland history, but be contemporary in style paths, built boardwalk style and constructed of materials that through areas of special interest comply with the visual identity plan that are not now visible. They will for the Park. The existing restaurant/ provide opportunities for nature Shakespeare by the Sea building in hikes and other small the lower parking lot will group activities. be removed.

Wayfinding and Signage Gateway monoliths Wayfinding signage

Wayfinding in the Park will be Stone and concrete monoliths Will be a simple contemporary provided by brochures, pre- announcing the name of the Park design with a strong wood support, recorded guided tours for will stand at the pedestrian entry in compliance with the visual electronic devices and signage. points of all three main entrances. identity plan. Signage in the Park will be more Their height and mass is designed than just a set of signposts, to draw people into the Park. The Interpretive signs markers and symbols. It will use of native plants and shrubs and tour markers conform to the visual identity and stone walls that incorporate Interpretive signs will enhance the plan and thus reflect the special seating sections will complement visitor’s experience in the Park. attributes of the Park. It will add these new entry features. Made of the same materials as to the safety of the Park and other signage elements, they will ensure people find their way to Directional and contain panels of tempered glass information kiosks places of interest. When they on which text and images can be reach their destinations, a well- To be located at decision points reproduced. The translucent panels designed interpretation system along the park trail system. They and wood support allow the signs will tell the ecological and cultural comply with the Park’s visual to blend into the landscape. Tour stories embodied in the Park. identity plan and are vandal- markers are discreet but visible resistant. They contain a map of because of their compliance with the Park and directions to key the visual identity plan. locations, exits and washrooms. They also incorporate a display Emergency telephones space for reproductions of items Emergency telephones will be from the Park’s history. clearly visible throughout the Park. They will comply with the visual identity plan.

22 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» Lighting 6. Implementation Exterior lighting will only be In implementing the installed around buildings and in Comprehensive Plan, highest parking lots where it meets a need priority will be given to restoring and enhances safety. Minimum the forest. This will be followed lighting levels will be employed. by the stabilization of the Park’s Up-lighting of the Sailors Memorial cultural assets and its shoreline. will be retained to provide a Efforts will then move into beacon for ships entering Halifax improving existing amenities and Harbour. All other light fixtures will the creation of new ones. That be dark-sky compliant. said, some major projects should be carried out early in the plan’s Detailed plans of life to create enthusiasm for the special places whole management process. Detailed concept plans for 10 However, timing of most special areas of the Park are large-scale projects will almost included in the Park Development certainly be dependent on the Plan. These areas are: the three availability of funding from the main entrances, described different levels of government. above, the Eastern Shoreline area Seeking such funding will be a (beaches), the Western Resource major task for those involved area, Fort Ogilvie area, Cambridge in the implementation of the Battery area, Point Pleasant Comprehensive Plan. Battery area, North West Arm Battery area and Chain Battery area. See illustrations in chapter 5, pages 210-233.

This section of the plan describes the many good things that have come out of the crisis caused by Hurricane Juan and stresses the importance of maintaining all of these achievements for the future.

and the Comprehensive Plan process have led to an increased understanding of the value of the Park by the public and by all levels of government, including HRM, which has only been managing the Park since 1996.

to be carried out before the Comprehensive Plan was years. In addition, HRM will Responsibilities of ready has led to a foundation set up a park system task the Owner and Tenant of best practices in many force to focus on a goal of Under the terms of the agreement fields and the emergence of integrated management for by which the HRM leases Point better coordination between all the region’s parks. Pleasant Park, the federal the groups involved in park government, as landowner, management. and non-government bodies is directly responsible for play a role in the life of Point all fortifications in the Park. composed of experts in many Pleasant Park. These include Discussions concerning this fields from all three levels agencies from all three levels responsibility must take place of government, the Mi’kmaq of government, the Mi’kmaq before the stabilization of the First Nation, local universities, First Nation and such non- fortifications can begin. All aspects and Nova Scotia community governmental parties as the of the property’s role as a park colleges has worked closely Friends of Point Pleasant are the responsibility of HRM. together on all aspects of Park. This can cause some The current lease does not assign Point Pleasant Park. confusion in the minds of the to either party responsibility for public and the stakeholders managing the Park in a themselves. Working together skilled people from many of sustainable way. since the hurricane has its departments to help with brought new clarity to the Park issues. This has been relationships among all these very beneficial to the Park groups, and the plan stresses and the plan calls for this the importance of retaining group to remain in place for this clarity. the immediate future. The group will be formalized as a Point Pleasant Park working group for a minimum of five

24 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» It is also important for HRM A Role for the Public to clarify funding for Point Upon taking over the management Pleasant Park, which is currently of Point Pleasant Park, HRM fragmented among many established the Point Pleasant Park departments and not clearly Advisory Committee to represent the itemized in their budgets. interests of the public on matters According to the plan the budget pertaining to the Park, and to advise for Point Pleasant Park needs to on the direction, management and be increased to meet the goals of evolution of the Park. Members the recovering Park. In addition, Staffing and Management are volunteers appointed by HRM an annual report for Point Pleasant Council. A number of issues need The implementation plan also Park is essential, as is a to addressed if the committee is to includes an evaluation of the formal archive. function as was intended. current park management structure, which has grown up Phasing and Cost The Comprehensive Plan for the since the inception of HRM in Park will help guide a “Volunteers in Estimates exist for the work to 1996. It outlines weaknesses in the the Park” program that will engage be undertaken in Phase 1, the structure and gives suggestions the public directly in the Park’s first five years of the project, from for improvement. At present, renewal and stewardship. With 2007/8 to 2011/12. (See table day-to-day management of Point modest goals to start, the program 6.1, page 269). Lists of projects Pleasant Park is the responsibility will target forest maintenance and to be undertaken in phases 2 of the Supervisor of Major Parks, trail renewal in its first years. As and 3 are included as well, but who is also responsible for five different projects within the plan are are dependent upon future other parks. The plan calls for undertaken, more ways in which the available funding. a central management system public can help will be explored. for Point Peasant Park based at the Park. It is also notes that the operational needs of the recovering Park cannot adequately be met by the current level of staff, which consists of two full-time employees and seven part-time (usually summer) employees. Administrative support is also needed.

Next Steps and Areas of Study Schematic Design The following detailed studies encompassing the design are required as implementation elements outlined in the plan. of Comprehensive Plan proceeds:

to give detail to the use by park staff and park recommendations in the administrators. This will Comprehensive Plan. be completed within one year of adoption of the Comprehensive Plan. built projects outlined in the Comprehensive Plan.

Inventory. Pleasant Park to the broader urban landscape. to outline a coordinated approach to managing runoff in the Park. Communications Plan that supports the informed involvement of the public in Evaluation Strategy. the Park and encourages the involvement of scholars from Emergency Response Plan. a variety of disciplines who may contribute to its effective management. and Shoreline Study.

benefits of designating a Marine Coastal Reserve offshore from the Park.

26 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• Ð´¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹»