Service- and Social : Engaging Students in Social Change Susan Benigni Cipolle

Stages of White Critical Consciousness Development through Service-Learning

Initial: Emerging: Developing: Charity Caring Make room at the river Metaphor Give a fish. Teach to fish. for all to fish. Charity: give back to Caring: compassion and Social justice: systemic Service ; Do for ; Do for, but are change, work in Orientation others in relationship with, solidarity; Do with others. others to Helping others feels I can make a difference. My liberation is serve good. I learn a lot. A Sense of efficacy and connected to yours. “I

Ethic of Service Ethic great opportunity. agency. can’t not act.” Reciprocity in I get back more than I I receive and contribute. We work together for service give. common good. White racial Color-blind, “I don’t of racism, Potential to be white anti- identity see race.” Do not see but don’t know what to racist allies to people of

formation one’s own race; do; feel guilt and color; Begin to unlearn frustration. internalized racism. Diversity Everyone is the same Acknowledge Interconnectedness: or everyone has differences, Diversity within differences. diversity. inclusiveness View of the Deficit view of others: View others, as View others as equals: Other “less fortunate, individuals, each with community members are disadvantaged;” own story, not seen as strengths & Stereotypical Some ; Realize “it resources; Connected to deserve, others not could be me”. others Reflection on Unaware of self in Compare others’ lives to Critical reflection on self and relation to otherness. mine; Begin to question assumptions, privilege, Awareness and of Self Others otherness Thinks everyone is beliefs, attitudes & what oppression, power basically the same. has previously been structures surrounding taught/learned race, class, , etc. View of the World is simple and World is bigger and Injustice is inherent in world basically good. Some more complex than social, economic and people need help due to thought. See inequity & political systems on a dysfunctional families, contradictions between global level. poverty, or poor societal stated beliefs . and reality. Source of the Individual The need for and practices problem responsibility; if government to protect maintain and reproduce everyone just tried and ensure basic the status quo that favors harder; “Pull oneself up for all; avoid judging certain groups at the by the boot straps.” others for situations out expense of others. Blame the victim. of their control.

Awareness Issues of Social View of social Treat people fairly and Examine causes of justice Increase resources. increase opportunities. injustice, work for systemic change.

Cipolle, S. B. (2010). Service-Learning and social Justice: Engaging students in social change. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Education.

Navigating the Stages of Critical Consciousness Development

From Charity to Caring From Caring to Maturing one’s Social Justice Critical Consciousness History of race and Information Population served and racism, systems of Political and economic & related social issues, such oppressions, systems, capitalism and Research as homelessness and institutional racism; , critical poverty. Research own racial theory and ethnic history. Direct service to people Agencies/organizations Advocacy, grassroots Service and agencies dealing with addressing both community groups, Experiences poverty; Interactions with immediate needs and lobbying and political people from other ethnic long-term solutions. organizations and racial groups. Reflection on white Reflection on power, Reflection: Reflection on personal racial identity & knowledge & control. Inward values, responsibility to privilege; internalized Hegemony, counter- others. racism, sexism, and hegemonic practices, classism. collective action. Reflection on how things Reflection on power Reflection: are and how they should Reflection on systems relations, class structure Outward be; Create alternative of oppression and and social reproduction. vision for . institutional racism. Cultural capital, discipline &surveillance Reflection through Reflections through Reflection through Reflection: discussion, perspective- critical dialogue, critical dialogue, Methods taking, problem-posing, perspective-taking, ideological critique, and films. problem-posing, discourse analysis. critical narratives.

Social Justice Teaching and Learning Online Resources

Rethinking our Schools www.rethinkingschools.org Minneapolis Foundation www.mplsfoundation.org Teaching for Tolerance www.tolerance.org Minnesota Advocates for www.mnadvocates.org Social Justice Math www.radicalmath.org Discover Human RightsTM Institute EdChange www.EdChange.org http://discoverhumanrights.org Human Rights Resource Center www.hrusa.org Youth for Human Rights http://youthforhumanrights.org Public Broadcasting System(PBS) http://www.pbs.org/teachers Michigan Department of Education Constitutional Rights Foundation www.crf-usa.org http://ww.michigan.gov/mde Office of Social Justice, Catholic Charities, www.osjspm.org Education for Justice www.educationforjustice.org

Cipolle, S. B. (2010). Service-Learning and social Justice: Engaging students in social change. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Education.