DOCSLIB.ORG

Appendix B Glossary of Terms, Diagnoses and Procedures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Appendix B Glossary of Terms, Diagnoses and Procedures This appendix contains basic information to assist non-medical members of the case review team to understand common terms, diagnoses and procedures that they might encounter in review of individual cases. (It may also be of use to the community action team members.) Local programs should feel free to add or delete items, as needed. Please do not feel that these terms need to be memorized. Use this document as a dictionary and refer to it as needed. Experience tells us that after a year or so of reviewing cases, all team members will natu- rally come to an understanding of these terms, as well as others, without making any special effort. Definitions in Appendix B are adopted from: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Your pregnancy and birth. 4th Ed. Washington, DC: ACOG; 2005 pp 353–361. Amniocentesis: A procedure in which a Bacterial Vaginosis: A type of vaginal in- small amount of amniotic fluid and cells are fection caused by the overgrowth of a num- taken from the sac surrounding the fetus ber of organisms that are normally found in and tested. the vagina. Amniotic Fluid: Water in the sac surrounding Bilirubin: A reddish-yellow pigment that the fetus in the mother’s uterus. occurs especially in bile and blood and may cause jaundice. Analgesics: A type of drug that relieves pain without loss of muscle function. Biophysical Profile: An assessment by ultra- sound of fetal breathing, fetal body move- Anemia: Abnormally low levels of blood or ments, fetal muscle tone and the amount of red blood cells in the bloodstream. amniotic fluid. May include fetal heart rate. Anencephaly: A type of neural tube defect Braxton Hicks Contractions: False labor that occurs when the fetus’s head and brain do pains. not develop normally. Breech: A situation in which a fetus’ buttocks Anesthetics: A type of drug that relieves pain or feet would be born first. by causing a loss of sensation. Carrier: A person who shows no signs of a Antibodies: Proteins in the blood produced in particular trait or disorder but has the gene and reaction to foreign substances, an antigen. could pass the gene on to his or her children. Antigen: A substance, such as an organism Cephalopelvic Disproportion: A condition causing infection or a protein found on the in which a baby is too large to pass safely surface of blood cells, that can induce an im- through the mother’s pelvis during delivery. mune response. Cerclage: A procedure to sew the cervix shut. Apgar Score: A measurement of a baby’s re- sponse to birth and life on its own, taken two Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus, and five minutes after birth. which protrudes into the vagina. Autopsy: An exam performed on a deceased person in an attempt to find the cause of death. Appendix 165 Cesarean Delivery: Birth of a baby through Diastolic Blood Pressure: The force of the an incision made in the mother’s abdomen blood in the arteries when the heart is relaxed; and uterus. the lower blood pressure reading. Chlamydia: A sexually transmitted disease Doppler: A form of ultrasound that reflects that can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, motion—such as the fetal heartbeat-in the infertility and problems during pregnancy. form of audible signals. Chorioamnionitis: Inflammation or infection Down Syndrome: A genetic disorder in which of the membrane surrounding the fetus. mental retardation, abnormal features of the face and medical problems such as heart de- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): A proce- fects occur. dure in which a small sample of cells is taken from the placenta and tested. Ectopic Pregnancy: A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg begins to grow in a place Cleft Palate: A congenital defect in which a other than inside the uterus, usually in the gap or space occurs in the roof of the mouth. fallopian tubes. Clubfoot: A misshaped foot twisted out of Edema: Swelling caused by fluid retention. position from birth. Effacement: Thinning of the cervix during the Congenital Disorder: A condition that is beginning stages of labor. present in a baby when it is born. Electrode: A small wire that is attached to the Contraction Stress Test: A test in which mild scalp of the fetus to monitor the heart rate. contractions of the mother’s uterus are in- duced and the fetus’s heart rate in response to Electronic Fetal Monitor: An electronic the contractions is recorded using an electron- instrument used to record the heartbeat of the ic fetal monitor. fetus and contractions of the mother’s uterus. Cortiocosteriods: Hormones given to ma- Embryo: The developing fertilized egg of early ture fetal lungs, for arthritis or other medical pregnancy. conditions. Epidural Block: Anesthetic that numbs the Crowning: The appearance of the baby’s head lower half of the body. at the vaginal opening during labor. Episiotomy: A surgical incision made into Cytomegalovirus (CMV): A virus in the the perineum (the region between the vagina herpes virus family that can be passed on to a and the anus) to widen the vaginal opening baby during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding for delivery. and can cause problems with the liver, hear- ing, vision and mental functioning. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A pattern of physi- cal, mental and behavioral problems in the Diabetes: A condition in which the levels of baby that are thought to be due to alcohol sugar in the blood are too high. abuse by the mother during pregnancy. 166 Fetal and Infant Mortality Review Manual: A Guide for Communities Fetal Monitoring: A procedure in which Hepatitis B Virus: A virus that attacks and instruments are used to record the heartbeat damages the liver, causing inflammation. of the fetus and contractions of the mother’s uterus during labor. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A hormone produced during pregnancy; Fetus: A baby growing in the woman’s uterus. its etection is the basis for most pregnancy tests. Fibronectin: A type of protein made by the fetus that can be measured in secretions from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A the cervix. virus that attacks certain cells of the body’s im- mune system and causes acquired immunode- Forceps: Special instruments placed around ficiency syndrome (AIDS). the baby’s head to help guide it out of the birth canal during delivery. Human Papillomarivus (HPV): The com- mon name for a group of related viruses, some Fragile X Syndrome: A genetic disease, of which cause genital warts and are linked to inherited through the X-chromosome, that is cervical changes and cervical cancer. the most common inherited cause of mental retardation. Hydramnios: A condition in which there is an excess amount of amniotic fluid in the sac Fraternal Twins: Twins, developed from two surrounding the fetus. fertilized eggs, who are not genetically identical. Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Severe nausea and General Anesthesia: The use of drugs that vomiting during pregnancy that can lead to produce a sleep-like state to prevent pain dur- loss of weight and body fluids. ing pregnancy. Identical Twins: Twins, developed from a Gestational Diabetes: Diabetes that arises single fertilized egg, who usually are geneti- during pregnancy. cally identical. Gestational Hypertension: High blood pres- Jaundice: A buildup of bilirubin that causes a sure that occurs during the second half of yellowish appearance. pregnancy and disappears soon after the baby is born. Kick Counts: Records kept during late preg- nancy of the number of times a fetus moves Glucose: A sugar that is present in the blood over a certain period. and is the body’s main source of fuel. Labor Induction: Using medical or surgical Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted disease methods to stimulate contractions of the uterus. that can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and arthritis. Local Anesthesia: The use of drugs that pre- vent pain in a part of the body. Hepatitis B Immune Globulin: A substance given to provide temporary protection against Macrosomia: A condition in which a fetus infection with hepatitis B virus. grows very large. Appendix 167 Meconium: A greenish substance that builds Postpartum Depression: Intense feelings of up in the bowels of a growing fetus. sadness, anxiety or despair after childbirth that interfere with a new mother’s ability to func- Miscarriage: Early pregnancy loss. tion and that do not go away after two weeks. Multiple Pregnancy: A pregnancy in which Pre-eclampsia: A condition of pregnancy in there are two or more fetuses. which there is high blood pressure and protein Neural Tube Defects: Birth defects that result in the urine. from incomplete development of the brain, Premature Rupture of Membranes: A condi- spinal cord or their coverings. tion in which the membranes that hold the Nonstress Test: A test in which changes in the amniotic fluid rupture before labor. fetal heart rate are recorded, using an electron- Preterm: Born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. ic fetal monitor. Pyelonephritis: An infection of the kidney. Nuchal Translucency Screening: A special ul- trasound test of the fetus to screen for the risk of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A condition Down syndrome and other birth defects. causing breathing difficulties in some babies in whom the lungs are not mature. Oxytocin: A hormone used to help bring on contractions of the uterus. Rh Factor: A kind of protein in some types of blood that causes responses in the im- Perineum: The area between the vagina and mune system. the rectum. Rh Immunoglobulin (Rhlg): A substance Pica: The urge to eat nonfood items. given to prevent an Rh-negative person’s anti- Placenta: Tissues that provides nourishment body response to Rh-positive blood cells.
Recommended publications
  • Pre-Term Pre-Labour Rupture of Membranes and the Role of Amniocentesis

    Pre-Term Pre-Labour Rupture of Membranes and the Role of Amniocentesis

    Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 2010; 21:2 75–88 C Cambridge University Press 2010 doi:10.1017/S096553951000001X First published online 15 March 2010 PRE-TERM PRE-LABOUR RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES AND THE ROLE OF AMNIOCENTESIS 1,2 ANNA P KENYON, 1,2 KHALIL N ABI-NADER AND 2 PRANAV P PANDYA 1Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WCIE 6NX. 2Fetal Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Rd, London NWI 2BU. INTRODUCTION Pre-labour premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is defined as rupture of membranes more than 1 hour prior to the onset of labour at <37 weeks gestation. PPROM occurs in approximately 3% of pregnancies and is responsible for a third of all preterm births.1 Once membranes are ruptured prolonging the pregnancy has no maternal physical advantage but fetal morbidity and mortality are improved daily at early gestations: 19% of those infants born <25 weeks develop cerebral palsy (CP) and 28% have severe motor disability.2 Those infants born extremely pre term (<28 weeks) cost the public sector £75835 (95% CI £27906–145508) per live birth3 not to mention the emotional cost to the family. To prolong gestation is therefore the suggested goal: however how and why might we delay birth in those at risk? PPROM is one scenario associated with preterm birth and here we discuss the causative mechanisms, sequelae, latency, strategies to prolong gestation (antibiotics) and consider the role of amniocentesis. We will also discuss novel therapies. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MEMBRANE RUPTURE The membranes, which act to protect and isolate the fetus, are composed of two layers.
  • The Effects of Alcohol in Newborns Efeitos Do Álcool No Recém-Nascido

    The Effects of Alcohol in Newborns Efeitos Do Álcool No Recém-Nascido

    REVIEW The effects of alcohol in newborns Efeitos do álcool no recém-nascido Maria dos Anjos Mesquita* ABSTRACT alcoólicas leva a prejuízos individuais, para a sua família e para The purpose of this article was to present a review of the effects toda a sociedade. Apesar disso, a dificuldade do seu diagnóstico e of alcohol consumption by pregnant mothers on their newborn. a inexperiência dos profissionais de saúde faz com que o espectro Definitions, prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic dessas lesões seja pouco lembrado e até desconhecido. As lesões criteria, follow-up, treatment and prevention were discussed. A causadas pela ação do álcool no concepto são totalmente prevenidas search was performed in Medline, LILACS, and SciELO databases se a gestante não consumir bebidas alcoólicas durante a gestação. using the following terms: “fetus”, “newborn”, “pregnant woman”, Assim, é fundamental a detecção das mulheres consumidoras “alcohol”, “alcoholism”, “fetal alcohol syndrome”, and “alcohol- de álcool durante a gravidez e o desenvolvimento de programas related disorders”. Portuguese and English articles published from específicos de alerta sobre as consequências do álcool durante a 2000 to 2009 were reviewed. The effects of alcohol consumed by gestação e amamentação. pregnant women on newborns are extremely serious and occur frequently; it is a major issue in Public Health worldwide. Fetal alcohol Descritores: Bebidas alcoólicas/efeitos adversos; Feto; Recém-nascido; spectrum disorders cause harm to individuals, their families, and the Síndrome alcoólica fetal; Transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool entire society. Nevertheless, diagnostic difficulties and inexperience of healthcare professionals result in such damage, being remembered rarely or even remaining uncovered.
  • Delivery Mode for Prolonged, Obstructed Labour Resulting in Obstetric Fistula: a Etrr Ospective Review of 4396 Women in East and Central Africa

    Delivery Mode for Prolonged, Obstructed Labour Resulting in Obstetric Fistula: a Etrr Ospective Review of 4396 Women in East and Central Africa

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eCommons@AKU eCommons@AKU Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa Medical College, East Africa 12-17-2019 Delivery mode for prolonged, obstructed labour resulting in obstetric fistula: a etrr ospective review of 4396 women in East and Central Africa C. J. Ngongo T. J. Raassen L. Lombard J van Roosmalen S. Weyers See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/eastafrica_fhs_mc_obstet_gynaecol Part of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons Authors C. J. Ngongo, T. J. Raassen, L. Lombard, J van Roosmalen, S. Weyers, and Marleen Temmerman DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16047 www.bjog.org Delivery mode for prolonged, obstructed labour resulting in obstetric fistula: a retrospective review of 4396 women in East and Central Africa CJ Ngongo,a TJIP Raassen,b L Lombard,c J van Roosmalen,d,e S Weyers,f M Temmermang,h a RTI International, Seattle, WA, USA b Nairobi, Kenya c Cape Town, South Africa d Athena Institute VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands e Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands f Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium g Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya h Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Correspondence: CJ Ngongo, RTI International, 119 S Main Street, Suite 220, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. Email: [email protected] Accepted 3 December 2019. Objective To evaluate the mode of delivery and stillbirth rates increase occurred at the expense of assisted vaginal delivery over time among women with obstetric fistula.
  • Prenatal and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Mps and Related Diseases

    Prenatal and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Mps and Related Diseases

    PRENATAL AND PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS FOR MPS AND RELATED DISEASES Donna Bernstein, MS Amy Fisher, MS Joyce Fox, MD Families who are concerned about passing on genetic conditions to their children have several options. Two of those options are using prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Prenatal diagnosis is a method of testing a pregnancy to learn if it is affected with a genetic condition. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, also called PGD, is a newer technology used to test a fertilized embryo before a pregnancy is established, utilizing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Both methods provide additional reproductive options to parents who are concerned about having a child with a genetic condition. There are two types of prenatal diagnosis; one is called amniocentesis, and the other is called CVS (chorionic villus sampling). Amniocentesis is usually performed between the fifteenth and eighteenth weeks of pregnancy. Amniocentesis involves inserting a fine needle into the uterus through the mother's abdomen and extracting a few tablespoons of amniotic fluid. Skin cells from the fetus are found in the amniotic fluid. These cells contain DNA, which can be tested to see if the fetus carries the same alterations in the genes (called mutations) that cause a genetic condition in an affected family member. If the specific mutation in the affected individual is unknown, it is possible to test the enzyme activity in the cells of the fetus. Although these methods are effective at determining whether a pregnancy is affected or not, they do not generally give information regarding the severity or the course of the condition.
  • FASD Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus

    FASD Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus

    EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON A FETUS “Of all the substances of abuse (including cocaine, heroin, and marijuana), alcohol produces by far the most serious neurobehavioral effects in the fetus.” —Institute of Medicine Report to Congress, 19961 Prenatal exposure to alcohol can damage a fetus at any time, causing problems that persist throughout the individual’s life. There is no known safe level of alcohol use in pregnancy. WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM? identified in virtually every part of the body, including the brain, face, eyes, ears, heart, kidneys, and bones. No Alcohol is one of the most dangerous teratogens, which single mechanism can account for all the problems that are substances that can damage a developing fetus.1 Every alcohol causes. Rather, alcohol sets in motion many time a pregnant woman has a drink, her unborn child processes at different sites in the developing fetus: has one, too. Alcohol, like carbon monoxide from cigarettes, passes easily through the placenta from the • Alcohol can trigger cell death in a number of ways, mother's bloodstream into her baby's blood (See Figure causing different parts of the fetus to develop abnormally. 1)—and puts her fetus at risk of having a fetal alcohol • Alcohol can disrupt the way nerve cells develop, travel spectrum disorder (FASD). The blood alcohol level to form different parts of the brain, and function. (BAC) of the fetus becomes equal to or greater than the blood alcohol level of the mother. Because the fetus • By constricting the blood vessels, alcohol interferes with cannot break down alcohol the way an adult can, its BAC blood flow in the placenta, which hinders the delivery 2 remains high for a longer period of time.
  • Proteomic Biomarkers of Intra-Amniotic Inflammation

    Proteomic Biomarkers of Intra-Amniotic Inflammation

    0031-3998/07/6103-0318 PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Vol. 61, No. 3, 2007 Copyright © 2007 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Proteomic Biomarkers of Intra-amniotic Inflammation: Relationship with Funisitis and Early-onset Sepsis in the Premature Neonate CATALIN S. BUHIMSCHI, IRINA A. BUHIMSCHI, SONYA ABDEL-RAZEQ, VICTOR A. ROSENBERG, STEPHEN F. THUNG, GUOMAO ZHAO, ERICA WANG, AND VINEET BHANDARI Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences [C.S.B., I.A.B., S.A.-R., V.A.R., S.F.T., G.Z., E.W.], and Department of Pediatrics [V.B.], Division of Perinatal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 ABSTRACT: Our goal was to determine the relationship between 4 vein inflammatory cytokine levels, but not maternal serum val- amniotic fluid (AF) proteomic biomarkers (human neutrophil de- ues, correlate with the presence and severity of the placental fensins 2 and 1, calgranulins C and A) characteristic of intra-amniotic histologic inflammation and umbilical cord vasculitis (7). inflammation, and funisitis and early-onset sepsis in premature neo- Funisitis is characterized by perivascular infiltrates of in- nates. The mass restricted (MR) score was generated from AF flammatory cells and is considered one of the strongest hall- obtained from women in preterm labor (n ϭ 123). The MR score marks of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and fetal ranged from 0–4 (none to all biomarkers present). Funisitis was graded histologically and interpreted in relation to the MR scores. inflammatory syndrome (8,9). While there is some debate with Neonates (n ϭ 97) were evaluated for early-onset sepsis.
  • A Guide to Obstetrical Coding Production of This Document Is Made Possible by Financial Contributions from Health Canada and Provincial and Territorial Governments

    A Guide to Obstetrical Coding Production of This Document Is Made Possible by Financial Contributions from Health Canada and Provincial and Territorial Governments

    ICD-10-CA | CCI A Guide to Obstetrical Coding Production of this document is made possible by financial contributions from Health Canada and provincial and territorial governments. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of Health Canada or any provincial or territorial government. Unless otherwise indicated, this product uses data provided by Canada’s provinces and territories. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be reproduced unaltered, in whole or in part and by any means, solely for non-commercial purposes, provided that the Canadian Institute for Health Information is properly and fully acknowledged as the copyright owner. Any reproduction or use of this publication or its contents for any commercial purpose requires the prior written authorization of the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Reproduction or use that suggests endorsement by, or affiliation with, the Canadian Institute for Health Information is prohibited. For permission or information, please contact CIHI: Canadian Institute for Health Information 495 Richmond Road, Suite 600 Ottawa, Ontario K2A 4H6 Phone: 613-241-7860 Fax: 613-241-8120 www.cihi.ca [email protected] © 2018 Canadian Institute for Health Information Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre Guide de codification des données en obstétrique. Table of contents About CIHI ................................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 1: Introduction ..............................................................................................................
  • Clinical and Physical Aspects of Obstetric Vacuum Extraction

    Clinical and Physical Aspects of Obstetric Vacuum Extraction

    CLINICAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF OBSTETRIC VACUUM EXTRACTION KLINISCHE EN FYSISCHE ASPECTEN VAN OnSTETRISCHE VACUUM EXTRACTIE Clinical and physical aspects of obstetric vacuum extraction I Jette A. Kuit Thesis Rotterdam - with ref. - with summary in Dutch ISBN 90-9010352-X Keywords Obstetric vacuum extraction, oblique traction, rigid cup, pliable cup, fetal complications, neonatal retinal hemorrhage, forceps delivery Copyright Jette A. Kuit, Rotterdam, 1997. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the holder of the copyright. Cover, and drawings in the thesis, by the author. CLINICAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF OBSTETRIC VACUUM EXTRACTION KLINISCHE EN FYSISCHE ASPECTEN VAN OBSTETRISCHE VACUUM EXTRACTIE PROEFSCHRIFf TER VERKRUGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR AAN DE ERASMUS UNIVERSITEIT ROTTERDAM OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF. DR. P.W.C. AKKERMANS M.A. EN VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VOOR PROMOTIES DE OPENBARE VERDEDIGING ZAL PLAATSVINDEN OP WOENSDAG 2 APRIL 1997 OM 15.45 UUR DOOR JETTE ALBERT KUIT GEBOREN TE APELDOORN Promotiecommissie Promotor Prof.dr. H.C.S. Wallenburg Overige leden Prof.dr. A.C. Drogendijk Prof. dr. G.G.M. Essed Prof.dr.ir. C.l. Snijders Co-promotor Dr. F.J.M. Huikeshoven To my parents, to Irma, Suze and Julius. CONTENTS 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 9 2. VACUUM CUPS AND VACUUM EXTRACTION; A REVIEW 13 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Obstetric vacuum cups in past and present 2.2.1. Historical backgroulld 2.2.2.
  • ENT of UATION MEMOR the HUMAN FETUS Cothelijne Van Heter

    ENT of UATION MEMOR the HUMAN FETUS Cothelijne Van Heter

    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/146798 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-24 and may be subject to change. ENT OF UATION MEMOR THE HUMAN FETUS Cothelijne van Heter • DEVELOPMENT OF HABITUATION AND MEMORY IN THE HUMAN FETUS Van Heteren, Cathelijne Francisca - Development of habituation and memory in the human fetus - 2001 Thesis University Nijmegen - with réf.- with summary m Dutch -136 p. ISBN: 90-9015000-5 Print: Grafisch Bedrijf Ponsen &i Looijen BV Wageningen Graphic Design Marie-Louise Dusée No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author. This research project was financially supported by ZorgOnderzoek Nederland and the Hersenstichting Nederland. Publication of this thesis was financially supported by ATL Nederland BV, Ferring BV, GlaxoSmithKline, Hitachi Ultrasound BV, Medical Dynamics, Novo Nordisk Farma BV, Organon Nederland BV, Pie Medical Benelux BV, Sanofi-Synthélabo, Schering Nederland BV. DEVELOPMENT OF HABITUATION AND MEMORY IN THE HUMAN ?-f τ'••<, Een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Medische Wetenschappen Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 5 oktober 2001 des namiddags om 1.30 uur precies door Cathelijne Francisca van Heteren
  • Guidelines for Perinatal Care, 8Th Ed., Pp. 48-49, 198-205 ACOG Practice Bulletin, No 145, July 2014, Reaffirmed 2016 JOGNN, No

    Guidelines for Perinatal Care, 8Th Ed., Pp. 48-49, 198-205 ACOG Practice Bulletin, No 145, July 2014, Reaffirmed 2016 JOGNN, No

    Guidelines for Perinatal Care, 8th ed., pp. 48-49, 198-205 ACOG Practice Bulletin, No 145, July 2014, Reaffirmed 2016 JOGNN, No. 44, pp. 683-686, 2015 Terminology and interpretation of electronic fetal monitoring tracings as defined by National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) Maternal Health Competencies - Fetal Assessment & Antenatal Fetal Surveillance Fetal Heart Tones (Beginning at 10 Weeks Gestation with hand-held Doppler) 1. Review provider or standing order 2. Explain procedure and obtains patient's verbal consent 3. Perform hand hygiene prior to engaging with patient 4. Assist patient into semi-recumbent position, expose abdomen 5. Locate the point of loudest fetal heart tones and a. Palpate maternal pulse b. Utilize pulse oximetry (placed on maternal index finger) 6. Monitor maternal pulse and count fetal heart rate for 1 full minute 7. Record findings 8. Demonstrate knowledge of fetal heart rate ranges: a. Normal = 110-160 bpm b. Bradycardia = < 110 bpm c. Tachycardia = > 160 bpm 9. Demonstrate knowledge of criteria for notifying provider of concerns/findings before, during, or after assessment (per clinical policies) Fundal Height (Beginning at 12 to 14 Weeks gestation) 1. Review provider or standing order 2. Explain procedure and obtain patient's verbal consent 3. Perform hand hygiene prior to engaging with patient 4. Assist patient to semi-recumbent position, expose abdomen 5. Ensure the abdomen is soft and palpates with 2 hands to locate the uterine fundus 6. Measure from top of fundus to top of symphysis pubis using a pliable, non-elastic tape measure, keeping the tape measure in contact with the skin, and measuring along the longitudinal axis without correcting to the abdominal midline 7.
  • The Empire Plan SEPTEMBER 2018 REPORTING ON

    The Empire Plan SEPTEMBER 2018 REPORTING ON

    The Empire Plan SEPTEMBER 2018 REPORTING ON PRENATAL CARE Every baby deserves a healthy beginning and you can take steps before your baby is even born to help ensure a great start for your infant. That’s why The Empire Plan offers mother and baby the coverage you need. When your primary coverage is The Empire Plan, the Empire Plan Future Moms Program provides you with special services. For Empire Plan enrollees and for their enrolled dependents, COBRA enrollees with their Empire Plan benefits and Young Adult Option enrollees TABLE OF CONTENTS Five Important Steps ........................................ 2 Feeding Your Baby ...........................................11 Take Action to Be Healthy; Breastfeeding and Your Early Pregnancy ................................................. 4 Empire Plan Benefits .......................................12 Prenatal Testing ................................................. 5 Choosing Your Baby’s Doctor; New Parents ......................................................13 Future Moms Program ......................................7 Extended Care: Medical Case High Risk Pregnancy Program; Management; Questions & Answers ...........14 Exercise During Pregnancy ............................ 8 Postpartum Depression .................................. 17 Your Healthy Diet During Pregnancy; Medications and Pregnancy ........................... 9 Health Care Spending Account ....................19 Skincare Products to Avoid; Resources ..........................................................20 Childbirth Education
  • Glossary of Common MCH Terms and Acronyms

    Glossary of Common MCH Terms and Acronyms

    Glossary of Common MCH Terms and Acronyms General Terms and Definitions Term/Acronym Definition Accountable Care Organizations that coordinate and provide the full range of health care services for Organization individuals. The ACA provides incentives for providers who join together to form such ACO organizations and who agree to be accountable for the quality, cost, and overall care of their patients. Adolescence Stage of physical and psychological development that occurs between puberty and adulthood. The age range associated with adolescence includes the teen age years but sometimes includes ages younger than 13 or older than 19 years of age. Antepartum fetal Fetal death occurring before the initiation of labor. death Authorization An act of a legislative body that establishes government programs, defines the scope of programs, and sets a ceiling for how much can be spent on them. Birth defect A structural abnormality present at birth, irrespective of whether the defect is caused by a genetic factor or by prenatal events that are not genetic. Cost Sharing The amount an individual pays for health services above and beyond the cost of the insurance coverage premium. This includes co-pays, co-insurance, and deductibles. Crude birth rate Number of live births per 1000 population in a given year. Birth spacing The time interval from one child’s birth until the next child’s birth. It is generally recommended that at least a two-year interval between births is important for maternal and child health and survival. BMI Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body weight that takes into account height.