Book. V2-I.7.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
e -ISSN No: 2320 – 0847 p -ISSN No: 2320 - 0936 Volume 2 Issue 7 - July 2013 American Journal of Engineering Research Editorial Board American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) Dr. Jonathan Okeke Dr. June II A. Kiblasan Chimakonam Qualification : Phd Qualification: PHD Specialization: Management, applied Affiliation: University of Calabar sciences Specialization: Logic, Philosophy of Country: PHIILIPPINES Maths and African Science, Country: Nigeria Dr. Narendra Kumar Sharma Qualification: PHD Affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, DRDO Dr. ABDUL KAREEM Specialization: Proteomics, Molecular Qualification: MBBS, DMRD, FCIP, FAGE biology, hypoxia Affiliation: UNIVERSITI SAINS Malaysia Country: India Country: Malaysia Prof. Dr. Shafique Ahmed Arain Dr. sukhmander singh Qualification: Postdoc fellow, Phd Qualification: Phd Affiliation: Shah abdul Latif University Affiliation: Indian Institute Of Khairpur (Mirs), Technology, Delhi Specialization: Polymer science Country: Pakistan Specialization : PLASMA PHYSICS Country: India Dr. Alcides Chaux Dr. Nwachukwu Eugene Nnamdi Qualification: MD Qualification: Phd Affiliation: Norte University, Paraguay, Affiliation: Michael Okpara University of South America Specialization: Genitourinary Tumors Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria Country: Paraguay, South America Specialization: Animal Genetics and Breeding Country: Nigeria Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam Mondal Qualification: Phd Affiliation: Rajshahi University, Bangladesh Specialization: Health and Epidemiology Country: Bangladesh Volume-2 Issue-7 S.No. Title Name Page No. 01. Analysis and Simulation of Dihydrate Process for the Production of 01-08 Phosphoric Acid (Reactor Section) Ms.G.Bharathi kannamma, Dr.D.Prabhakaran, Dr.T.Kannadasan 02. Using of natural patterns in urban design &planning (Case study: Mashhad 09-21 meddle area) Mohammad rahim Rahnama, Samaneh Sherkat, Mohammad Homaeefar 03. Studies on the Mechanical and Water uptake Properties of Some Polyolefins 22-27 / Corn Starch Blends (1) Ifeoma Perpetua Oragwu, and Isaac Ogbennaya Igwe 04. Engineering creativity by using computer aided Mindmap. 28-32 Imran Mahmud, Yousuf M Islam, Shahriar Rawshon 05. Buckling Analysis of Woven Glass Epoxy Laminated Composite Plate 33-40 M Mohan Kumar, Colins V Jacob, Lakshminarayana N, Puneeth BM, M Nagabhushana 06. Assessment of Infiltration rate of a Tank Irrigation Watershed of Wellington 41-48 reservoir, Tamilnadu, India Srinivasan.K, and Poongothai.S 07. Natural convection of the localized heat sources of T-shaped nanofluid- 49-61 filled enclosures M. A. Mansour, M. A. Bakier, A. Y. Bakier 08. The fundamental formulas for vertices of convex hull 62-65 Md. Kazi Salimullah, Md. Khalilur Rahman, Md. Mojahidul Islam 09 Organizational analysis of the number of failures of integral components of 66-73 the circuits – OE Spinning machine based on mechanical oscillations in observed time of their exploitation from aspect of their reliability Professor dr. Slobodan Stefanović, Professor dr. Radoje Cvejić, Professor dr. Radojko Lojaničić 10. Optimization of Conditions for the Preparation of activated Carbon from 74-85 Mango Nuts using Hcl Kwaghger, A and Ibrahim J.S 11. Development of Decision Support Software for Matching Tractor-Implement 86-98 System Used on Iranian Farms Rasoul Loghmanpour zarini, Asadollah Akram, Reza Alimardani, Reza Tabatabaekoloor 12. Experimental Study of Umts Radio Signal Propagation Characteristics by 9-106 Field Measurement Isabona Joseph, Konyeha. C.C 13. Maintenance Scheduling Improvements in Flexible Manufacturing system 107-115 supply Chains S. Craig Littlejohn, Phd. 14. Indicators of energy efficiency in ammonia productions plants 116-123 Flavio V. Tavares, Luciane P. C. Monteiro, Fernando B. Mainier 15. Proprietary software versus Open Source Software for Education 124-130 N. Pankaja, Prof. A. Balasubramanian, Dr. Mukund Raj P K 16. Time and Strain Response of Repeated Ageing Treatments on Recycled Al- 131-135 Si-Cu Alloy D.T. Gundu, A. Ashwe, P. Adeka 17. Experimental Study of Discharge Characteristics in a Compound 136-140 Meandering River Md. Abdullah Al Amin, Dr. Md. S. M. Khan 18.. Mhd Unsteady mixed convective flow between twoin finite Vertical Parallel 141-158 Plates through Porous Medium in Slip flow Regime with Thermal Diffusion D. Chaudhary, H. Singh, N.C. Jain. 19. Total Harmonics Distortion Investigation in Multilevel Inverters 159-166 Avinash verma, Ruchi shivhare, Sanjeev gupta 20. The Effects of Yaji Extract On Liver Enzymes of Carbon Tetrachloride 167-170 Induced Hepatotoxicity In Adult Wistar Rats Ezejindu D.N., Aligwekwe A.U., Haastrup I. 21. Ground Water Quality Assessment in the Basement Complex Areas of Kano 171-175 State Nigeria Adamu G.K, Rabi'u Tukur, Aliyu Ibrahim Kankara 22. Optimized Modulo Multiplier Based On R.N.S 176-184 Manjula.S.Doddamane, G.Parameshappa 23. Design of Three Phase Solar-Based 4.5kw Ac Power Inverter Station 185-190 Dr.J.C. Onuegbu, Dr.F.O. Enemuoh, Dr. E. A. Anazia 24. Exhaust Gas Analysis and Parametric Study of Ethanol Blended Gasoline 191-201 Fuel in Spark Ignition Engine Jitendra kumar, N.A Ansari, Vikas Verma, Sanjeev Kumar 25. The Theoretical Science of Research 202-212 Subbarayan Peri 26. Image Classifying Registration and Dynamic Region Merging 213-226 Himadri Nath Moulick, Moumita Ghosh 27. Biomedical Image Processing with Morphology and Segmentation Methods 227-244 for Medical Image Analysis Joyjit Patra, Himadri Nath Moulick, Arun Kanti Manna American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2013 American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-02, Issue-07, pp-01-08 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access Analysis and Simulation of Dihydrate Process for the Production of Phosphoric Acid (Reactor Section) Ms.G.Bharathi kannamma, Dr.D.Prabhakaran, Dr.T.Kannadasan M. Tech Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology Professor and Head, Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology Abstract: - The simulation model has been examined using experimental data obtained from a phosphoric acid plant. The predicted results are in very good agreement with the experimental data with a relative absolute error of less than 4.2%. To solve the simulation model, sequential modular approach (tearing streams employed) is used to obtain the recycle stream and conversion parameters by employing Genetic algorithm and Standard Least Square Optimization. The effect of various parameters on the conversion has been made to find the optimum operating conditions of the phosphoric acid plant for a given phosphate rock feed flow rate, chemical composition, and particle size distribution. The effect of varying reactor(s) temperature, sulfuric acid feed rate, agitator–impeller speed, ratio of slurry recycle to feed rate, and ratio of return acid to feed rate have been investigated. Keywords: - Analysis and simulation, Dihydrate process, Phosphoric acid, Effect of parameters I. INTRODUCTION Phosphoric acid is an important intermediate chemical product. It is mainly used for the manufacturing of fertilizers. Production capacity for phosphoric acid yielded about 33 million tons of P2O5. About 90% of world P2O5 consumption involves the fertilizer industry. There is a steadily growing demand for phosphate fertilizers. The phosphoric acid production is directly linked to the phosphate fertilizer consumption. Phosphoric acid is produced in industrial scale when a phosphorous containing mineral reacts with a mixture of sulphuric and phosphoric acids. The main by-product of this reaction is the formation of calcium sulphate (gypsum) crystals, which are separated by filtration from phosphoric acid at the end of the process together with other by- products formed during the reaction. The phosphoric acid production process involves intense interactions among solid and liquid components and is sensitive to a number of factors such as mineral characteristics, reactant compositions and process temperature conditions. Gioia et al. (1977) developed a mathematical model for the hemi-hydrate process for the production phosphoric acid from calcareous phosphates. The multi-reactor mathematical model is based on material and population balances. The Gioia et al. (1977) model consists of N-CSTRs in series (dissolution–crystallizer reactors). In their model, the phosphate rock, the sulfuric acid and the recycle from the filter (return acid) are all fed to the first reactor. The model remains at a theoretical level as no comparisons are made with industrial or experimental data. The analysis presented in this paper will be based, as much as possible, on the general results and methods of transport phenomena, chemical kinetics, and population balances. The model will then be used to find the operating conditions. The existing published work on phosphoric acid production modeling reveals (Gioia et al., 1977; Shakourzadeh et al., 1980; Yeo et al., 1991; Cho et al., 1996) several common characteristics. However, they fall short of providing design flexibility as they are explicitly oriented towards the design case they are expected to emulate. The sets of mathematical equations employed for the representation of the processing tasks are case-specific, hence requiring the manual addition of terms in case that new design options (i.e. streams, materials, processes, etc.) are considered in the performed design