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Kakteen Und Andere Sukkulenten H F ■ 6 Eft Juni Juni 02 53 Heft 6 ■ Juni 20Ö2 ■ 53. Jahrgang n eet Kkadnaundeer enentSukkul Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten INHALT monatlich erscheinendes Organ © Jede Verwertung, insbesonders Vervielfälti­ der als Herausgeber genannten Gesellschaften gung, Bearbeitung, Übersetzung, Microver- filmung, Einspeisung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen - soweit nicht Heft 6 ausdrücklich vom Urheberrechtsgesetz zuge­ Juni 2002 lassen - bedarf der Zustimmung der Heraus­ Jahrgang 53 geber. Printed in Germany. ISSN 0022 7846 Vorgestellt Aus der KuaS-Redaktion ANDREAS HOFACKER Der Formenkreis um Parodia scopa (Sprengel) N. R Taylor Seite 141 Reisen bildet - hat man jedenfalls in den vergangenen Jahrhunderten fest­ Vorgestellt gestellt. Ob dies im Zeitalter des Internets, wo man sich die unglaublichsten In­ SYBILLE & KLAUS BRECKWOLDT formationen, aber auch Abstruses und Perverses (aber wer will das schon?) auf Beobachtungen an Opuntia humifusa den Bildschirm holen kann, immer noch gilt? Ich glaube, ja! in Südtirol Seite 153 Vorgestellt Reisen bildet! Ich war im März und April im Südwesten der USA (auf eige­ ALAN BUTLER Empfehlenswerte Pflanzen aus der ne Kosten natürlich) unterwegs. Genauer: in der Bundesstaaten Arizona, Utah, Gattung Sansevieria Seite 155 New Mexico und Nevada. Dies soll nun kein Reisebericht werden (kommt viel­ Für Sie ausgewählt leicht noch, wenn ich einmal Zeit habe) - wichtig für die K u a S ist jedoch, DIETER HERBEL dass ich dort - unter anderem auf dem IOS-Kongress - viele interessante Men­ Empfehlenswerte Kakteen schen getroffen habe. Myron Kimnach etwa vom amerikanischen Kakteen- und und andere Sukkulenten Seite 158 Sukkulenten-Journal, die Fitz-Maurices, Fred Kattermann, David Hunt und, Vorgestellt und, und ... NADJA BIEDINGER Selenicereus wittii - ein seltener epiphytischer Kaktus Mit Etlichen habe ich über eine verbesserte Zusammenarbeit gesprochen - aus amazonischen Regenwäldern Seite 160 zum Wohl unserer Zeitschriften und damit zur besseren Information unserer In Kultur beobachtet Leser. Wie dies aussehen kann, wird sich in den nächsten Monaten erweisen. MANFRED WEISBARTH Der Kontakt ist jedenfalls hergestellt. Eine unbekannte Ariocarpus-Form? Seite 163 Vorgestellt Reisen bildet: Auf unserem Weg lagen auch etliche Standorte von Echino- GERHARD LAUCHS Neue Hybriden von cactus polycephalus. Wunderbare Pflanzen, deren Bedornung für mich im Ceropegia distincta Seite 167 Kakteenreich nahezu einzigartig ist. Beim Nachschlagen in unserer KuaS ist mir aufgefallen, dass es nur wenige Artikel über diese herrlichen Pflanzen gibt. Zeitschriftenbeiträge Seite 165 In den Sammlungen sind sie auch kaum vertreten. Vielleicht fühlt sich jemand Buchbesprechungen Seite 154/166 kompetent, über Erfahrungen, Kultur etc. zu schreiben. Die Leser der KuaS Karteikarten Mammillaria haudeana Seite XXI würden sich darüber freuen - und nicht zuletzt ich selbst. Mammillaria poselgeri Seite XXIII Und jetzt wünscht viel Spaß mit diesem Heft mit seinem umfassenden Bei­ Veranstaltungskalender (Seite 130) Kleinanzeigen (Seite 132) trag über Parodia scopa etwa oder dem der Umwelt fantastisch angepassten Vorschau auf Heft 7/2002 Selenicereus wittii und Impressum Seite 168 Titelbild: Ihr Winterhärte Opuntia spec, in Blüte Foto: Gerhard Lauchs Gerhard Lauchs VORCESTELLT Zahlreiche Domenvarianten Der Formenkreis um Parodia scopa (Sprengel) N. P. Taylor von Andreas Hofacker Abb. 1 : Eine typische Form der Parodia scopa (AH 379) bei Pedras Altas in Brasilien. Alle Fotos: Hofacker Die Arten der hier vorgestellten Pflan- zengruppe sind den meisten Kakteen- liebhabern sicherlich noch besser als Vertreter der Gattung Notocactus Fric be- kannt. Vor einigen Jahren (Hu n t & Ta y l o r 1986, 1990) wurde diese Gattung jedoch in die Gattung Parodia Spegazzini überführt. Notokakteen waren und sind bei Kakteen­ liebhabern ein beliebtes Sammelobjekt. Da­ her soll an dieser Stelle eine gut umgrenzba­ re Gruppe von Arten vorgestellt werden, nämlich der Formenkreis um Parodia scopa (Sprengel) N. P. Taylor. Verschiedene Arten sind teilweise in den Sammlungen weit ver­ Abb. 2: breitet, einige werden aber auch nur von we­ Parodia scopa nigen Spezialisten kultiviert. Der Autor (AH 352 von möchte mit diesem Artikel zum einen einen Pedras Altas, Bra­ silien), wie sie Bericht über den gegenwärtigen Stand der weit verbreitet ist. © Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 53 (6) 2002 141 baum wird in mehrere Untergattungen (siehe für viele: Schäfer 1979) oder Sektionen (Ger- lo ff & al. 1995) unterteilt. Dies sind Noto­ cactus, Neonotocactus Backeberg, Malaco- carpus (Salm-Dyck) Buxbaum (auf Gattungs­ ebene: Wigginsia D. M. Porter), Eriocactus nom. inval., Brasilicactus (Backeberg) Bux­ baum und Brasiliparodia F. Ritter bzw. No- tobrasilia Havlicek. Außerdem existieren ei­ nige Übergangsarten zwischen den verschie­ denen Untergattungen/Sektionen. Während die Untergattungen/Sektionen Abb. 3: Brasilicactus, Brasiliparodia bzw. Notobrasi- Parodia scopa (AH lia, Eriocactus und Malacocarpus im Allge­ 176) aus dem meinen problemlos auch von den Nicht-Spe­ Süden Uruguays (Piriapolis). zialisten identifiziert werden, ist die Kenntnis über die Unterschiede zwischen den Unter­ Taxonomie innerhalb dieser Artengruppe der gattungen Notocactus [Leitart: Notocactus ot- Gattung Parodia geben und zum anderen zu tonis (Lehmann) A. Berger ex Backeberg] und einer intensiveren Beschäftigung mit der Gat­ Neonotocactus [Leitart: Notocactus mammu- tung anregen. losus (Lemaire) A. Berger ex Backeberg] nicht sehr weit verbreitet. Diese werden daher hier Gliederung der Gattung Parodia kurz dargestellt. Die Gattung Parodia im engeren Sinne Die Früchte der Neonotokakteen verlän­ wird in die Untergattungen Parodia, Proto- gern sich bei der Reife stark, bei denen der parodia Buxbaum und Obtextospermae nom. Untergattung Notocactus bleibt das Längen- inval. untergliedert. Breitenverhältnis annähernd gleich. Außer­ Auch die Gattung Notocactus sensu Bux­ dem haben die Neonotokakteen eine glocken- Abb. 4: Ein reicher Blüten­ flor verdeckt den Scheitel dieser Form der Parodia scopa (PR 315 von Torrinhas/Brasili- en) fast vollkom­ men. 142 © Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 53 (6) 2002 Abb. 5: Parodia scopa rein weiß Abb. 6: Kürzlich wieder entdeckt Abb. 7: Ausgesprochen schön gelb bedornt, bei vielen Sammlern be­ wurde diese gelb bedornte Form bedornt ist diese Form von Parodia kannt als Notocactus scopa var. der Parodia scopa (Notocactus scopa (Notocactus scopa fa. glau- candidus. scopa fa. daenikerianus FS 100). serianus). förmige Blüte mit einer Insertion (= Bereich, im Hinblick auf die Gliederung neue Fragen in dem die Staubfäden angeheftet sind) der auf. Staubfäden von nur wenigen Millimetern, die Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit einem Notokakteen hingegen eine trichterförmige kleinen Ausschnitt aus der Artenvielfalt der Blüte mit einer Insertion bis an den oberen Gattung Parodia, nämlich den „Scopanae“, ei­ Rand der Blütenröhre. ner Bezeichnung, die wegen ihrer Einpräg­ Die Untergattung Notocactus wird wieder­ samkeit und des Bekanntheitsgrades hier um unterteilt in verschiedene Artengruppen, weiter Verwendung findet, ohne dass damit von denen eine die um Notocactus scopa eine taxonomische Kategorie geschaffen wer­ (Sprengel) Backeberg ist. Diese Artengruppen den soll. werden teils als Serien (Havlicek 1987), Sub­ serien (Prauser 2001), teils als Sektionen Zur Geschichte (Schäfer 1979) oder als Aggregate (Gerloff Bereits im Jahre 1825 beschrieb Sprengel & al. 1995) bezeichnet. Als Bezeichnung hat (1825: 494) mit wenigen Worten die Leitart sich „Scopanae“ eingebürgert, wobei es sich der Gruppe, Cactus scopa Sprengel. Einige hierbei nicht um eine gültige Bezeichnung im Jahre später folgte durch Pfeiffer (1837: 64) Sinne der botanischen Nomenklatur handelt. die Beschreibung eines Echinocactus scopa Die Einbeziehung der Gattung Notocactus in fa. candidus Pfeiffer. die Gattung Parodia musste zu einem Um­ Hiernach blieb es lange Zeit um diese Arten­ denken auch im Hinblick auf die Taxonomie gruppe still. Die Pflanzen selbst fanden je­ der Gattung Parodia s. 1. führen. Dieser Pro­ doch weite Verbreitung. 1905 folgte fast un­ zess ist noch nicht abgeschlossen, so dass bis bemerkt die Beschreibung des Echinocactus heute noch keine in sich geschlossene Glie­ scopa var. albicans Arechavaleta durch J. derung der Gattung Parodia existiert. Insbe­ Arechavaleta (1905: 199-201). Während Par­ sondere neuere DNA-Untersuchungen (Nyffe- odia scopa, ihre Forma candidus und die Va­ ler 1999, Nyffeler 2001) stehen im Einklang rietät albicans noch als Cactus, bzw. Echino­ mit dem Konzept einer weit gefassten Gat­ cactus beschrieben wurden, publizierte Hans tung Parodia, etwa im Gegensatz zur klassi­ Krainz (1945, 1961) mit Notocactus scopa schen Unterteilung in Parodia s. str. und No­ var. daenikerianus und var. glauserianus zwei tocactus sensu Buxbaum, werfen aber auch weitere Formen der Parodia scopa, erstmals © Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 53 (6) 2002 143 Durch Hunt & Taylor (1987) sowie H of­ acker (1998, Hofacker & Braun 1998) erfolg­ te dann eine taxonomische Neubewertung und die Überführung einiger Taxa in die Gat­ tung Parodia. Zur Verbreitung Das Areal erstreckt sich über fast ganz Ur­ uguay und die Südhälfte des brasilianischen Bundesstaates Rio Grande do Sul. Schwer­ punkte der Verbreitung liegen im Großraum Caçapava do Sul/Brasilien, und im Süden Ur­ uguays. Weitab des allgemeinen Verbrei­ tungsgebietes wurde auch von zwei Fundor­ Abb. 8: aber als Notocactus. Es folgten Notocactus ten im östlichen Teil des argentinischen Bun­ Die gelbnarbige
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