Light Speed Expansion and Rotation of a Primordial Black Hole Universe Having Internal Acceleration
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Inflation and the Theory of Cosmological Perturbations
Inflation and the Theory of Cosmological Perturbations A. Riotto INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131, Padova, Italy. Abstract These lectures provide a pedagogical introduction to inflation and the theory of cosmological per- turbations generated during inflation which are thought to be the origin of structure in the universe. Lectures given at the: Summer School on arXiv:hep-ph/0210162v2 30 Jan 2017 Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology Trieste, 17 June - 5 July 2002 1 Notation A few words on the metric notation. We will be using the convention (−; +; +; +), even though we might switch time to time to the other option (+; −; −; −). This might happen for our convenience, but also for pedagogical reasons. Students should not be shielded too much against the phenomenon of changes of convention and notation in books and articles. Units We will adopt natural, or high energy physics, units. There is only one fundamental dimension, energy, after setting ~ = c = kb = 1, [Energy] = [Mass] = [Temperature] = [Length]−1 = [Time]−1 : The most common conversion factors and quantities we will make use of are 1 GeV−1 = 1:97 × 10−14 cm=6:59 × 10−25 sec, 1 Mpc= 3.08×1024 cm=1.56×1038 GeV−1, 19 MPl = 1:22 × 10 GeV, −1 −1 −42 H0= 100 h Km sec Mpc =2.1 h × 10 GeV, 2 −29 −3 2 4 −3 2 −47 4 ρc = 1:87h · 10 g cm = 1:05h · 10 eV cm = 8:1h × 10 GeV , −13 T0 = 2:75 K=2.3×10 GeV, 2 Teq = 5:5(Ω0h ) eV, Tls = 0:26 (T0=2:75 K) eV. -
NGC 3877 Galaxy in Ursa Major
MONTHLY OBSERVER'S CHALLENGE Compiled by: Roger Ivester, North Carolina & Sue French, New York April 2020 Report #135 NGC 3877 Galaxy in Ursa Major Sharing Observations and Bringing Amateur Astronomers Together Introduction The purpose of the Observer's Challenge is to encourage the pursuit of visual observing. It's open to everyone who's interested, and if you're able to contribute notes, and/or drawings, we’ll be happy to include them in our monthly summary. Visual astronomy depends on what's seen through the eyepiece. Not only does it satisfy an innate curiosity, but it allows the visual observer to discover the beauty and the wonderment of the night sky. Before photography, all observations depended on what astronomers saw in the eyepiece, and how they recorded their observations. This was done through notes and drawings, and that's the tradition we're stressing in the Observer's Challenge. And for folks with an interest in astrophotography, your digital images and notes are just as welcome. The hope is that you'll read through these reports and become inspired to take more time at the eyepiece, study each object, and look for those subtle details that you might never have noticed before. NGC 3877 NGC 3877 is a spiral galaxy highly inclined to our line of sight. Its arms are quite open and spring from the galaxy's small central bulge. Deep images show a small but bright, bar-shaped star-forming region near the center of the galaxy. Recent sources place NGC 3877 somewhere in the vicinity of 53 million light-years away from us. -
Messier Objects
Messier Objects From the Stocker Astroscience Center at Florida International University Miami Florida The Messier Project Main contributors: • Daniel Puentes • Steven Revesz • Bobby Martinez Charles Messier • Gabriel Salazar • Riya Gandhi • Dr. James Webb – Director, Stocker Astroscience center • All images reduced and combined using MIRA image processing software. (Mirametrics) What are Messier Objects? • Messier objects are a list of astronomical sources compiled by Charles Messier, an 18th and early 19th century astronomer. He created a list of distracting objects to avoid while comet hunting. This list now contains over 110 objects, many of which are the most famous astronomical bodies known. The list contains planetary nebula, star clusters, and other galaxies. - Bobby Martinez The Telescope The telescope used to take these images is an Astronomical Consultants and Equipment (ACE) 24- inch (0.61-meter) Ritchey-Chretien reflecting telescope. It has a focal ratio of F6.2 and is supported on a structure independent of the building that houses it. It is equipped with a Finger Lakes 1kx1k CCD camera cooled to -30o C at the Cassegrain focus. It is equipped with dual filter wheels, the first containing UBVRI scientific filters and the second RGBL color filters. Messier 1 Found 6,500 light years away in the constellation of Taurus, the Crab Nebula (known as M1) is a supernova remnant. The original supernova that formed the crab nebula was observed by Chinese, Japanese and Arab astronomers in 1054 AD as an incredibly bright “Guest star” which was visible for over twenty-two months. The supernova that produced the Crab Nebula is thought to have been an evolved star roughly ten times more massive than the Sun. -
Stellar Tidal Streams As Cosmological Diagnostics: Comparing Data and Simulations at Low Galactic Scales
RUPRECHT-KARLS-UNIVERSITÄT HEIDELBERG DOCTORAL THESIS Stellar Tidal Streams as Cosmological Diagnostics: Comparing data and simulations at low galactic scales Author: Referees: Gustavo MORALES Prof. Dr. Eva K. GREBEL Prof. Dr. Volker SPRINGEL Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg Graduate School of Fundamental Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy 14th May, 2018 ii DISSERTATION submitted to the Combined Faculties of the Natural Sciences and Mathematics of the Ruperto-Carola-University of Heidelberg, Germany for the degree of DOCTOR OF NATURAL SCIENCES Put forward by GUSTAVO MORALES born in Copiapo ORAL EXAMINATION ON JULY 26, 2018 iii Stellar Tidal Streams as Cosmological Diagnostics: Comparing data and simulations at low galactic scales Referees: Prof. Dr. Eva K. GREBEL Prof. Dr. Volker SPRINGEL iv NOTE: Some parts of the written contents of this thesis have been adapted from a paper submitted as a co-authored scientific publication to the Astronomy & Astrophysics Journal: Morales et al. (2018). v NOTE: Some parts of this thesis have been adapted from a paper accepted for publi- cation in the Astronomy & Astrophysics Journal: Morales, G. et al. (2018). “Systematic search for tidal features around nearby galaxies: I. Enhanced SDSS imaging of the Local Volume". arXiv:1804.03330. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201732271 vii Abstract In hierarchical models of galaxy formation, stellar tidal streams are expected around most galaxies. Although these features may provide useful diagnostics of the LCDM model, their observational properties remain poorly constrained. Statistical analysis of the counts and properties of such features is of interest for a direct comparison against results from numeri- cal simulations. In this work, we aim to study systematically the frequency of occurrence and other observational properties of tidal features around nearby galaxies. -
April Constellations of the Month
April Constellations of the Month Leo Small Scope Objects: Name R.A. Decl. Details M65! A large, bright Sa/Sb spiral galaxy. 7.8 x 1.6 arc minutes, magnitude 10.2. Very 11hr 18.9m +13° 05’ (NGC 3623) high surface brighness showing good detail in medium sized ‘scopes. M66! Another bright Sb galaxy, only 21 arc minutes from M65. Slightly brighter at mag. 11hr 20.2m +12° 59’ (NGC 3627) 9.7, measuring 8.0 x 2.5 arc minutes. M95 An easy SBb barred spiral, 4 x 3 arc minutes in size. Magnitude 10.5, with 10hr 44.0m +11° 42’ a bright central core. The bar and outer ring of material will require larger (NGC 3351) aperature and dark skies. M96 Another bright Sb spiral, about 42 arc minutes east of M95, but larger and 10hr 46.8m +11° 49’ (NGC 3368) brighter. 6 x 4 arc minutes, magnitude 10.1. Located about 48 arc minutes NNE of M96. This small elliptical galaxy measures M105 only 2 x 2.1 arc minutes, but at mag. 10.3 has very high surface brightness. 10hr 47.8m +12° 35’ (NGC 3379) Look for NGC 3384! (110NGC) and NGC 3389 (mag 11.0 and 12.2) which form a small triangle with M105. NGC 3384! 10hr 48.3m +12° 38’ See comment for M105. The brightest galaxy in Leo, this Sb/Sc spiral galaxy shines at mag. 9.5. Look for NGC 2903!! 09hr 32.2m +21° 30’ a hazy patch 11 x 4.7 arc minutes in size 1.5° south of l Leonis. -
The Newsletter of the Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society
March The ECLIPSE 2018 The Newsletter of the Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society From the President Next Membership Meeting: Greetings, March 21, 2018, 7:30 pm February 2018 was no friend of BSAS weather wise. Te short Cumberland Valley month of February was not short on rain. We saw 18 or 19 Girl Scout Council Building days with measurable participation. Average monthly rainfall 4522 Granny White Pike in February for Nashville is 3.7 inches. We had just under 11 inches. When it wasn’t raining it was cloudy and windy. Topic: Equipment Tune-up Details on page 6. We had enough bad weather to frustrate almost all attempts to view the winter stars and deep sky objects we believe are still up there. Our public star party at Edwin Warner Park was washed out, as was the private star party on the Natchez In this Issue: Trace at Water Valley Overlook. May we turn the page on that trend? Observing Highlights 2 Tanks to Terry Reeves for his informative and helpful From A Certain Point of View presentation, All About A Messier Marathon, which he gave reviewed by Robin Byrne 3 at this month’s member meeting. We will have a chance to put that information into practice on Saturday, March 17th Deep Sky Daze when BSAS holds a Messier Marathon at Mark Manner’s by Mike Benson 4 Spot Observatory. Just in case, we are planning April 14th as Board Meeting Minutes 8 a backup date. We have that date reserved for a private star February 7, 2018 party at Water Valley Overlook. -
Eternal Inflation and Its Implications
IOP PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A: MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40 (2007) 6811–6826 doi:10.1088/1751-8113/40/25/S25 Eternal inflation and its implications Alan H Guth Center for Theoretical Physics, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA E-mail: [email protected] Received 8 February 2006 Published 6 June 2007 Online at stacks.iop.org/JPhysA/40/6811 Abstract Isummarizetheargumentsthatstronglysuggestthatouruniverseisthe product of inflation. The mechanisms that lead to eternal inflation in both new and chaotic models are described. Although the infinity of pocket universes produced by eternal inflation are unobservable, it is argued that eternal inflation has real consequences in terms of the way that predictions are extracted from theoretical models. The ambiguities in defining probabilities in eternally inflating spacetimes are reviewed, with emphasis on the youngness paradox that results from a synchronous gauge regularization technique. Although inflation is generically eternal into the future, it is not eternal into the past: it can be proven under reasonable assumptions that the inflating region must be incomplete in past directions, so some physics other than inflation is needed to describe the past boundary of the inflating region. PACS numbers: 98.80.cQ, 98.80.Bp, 98.80.Es 1. Introduction: the successes of inflation Since the proposal of the inflationary model some 25 years ago [1–4], inflation has been remarkably successful in explaining many important qualitative and quantitative properties of the universe. In this paper, I will summarize the key successes, and then discuss a number of issues associated with the eternal nature of inflation. -
The Large Scale Universe As a Quasi Quantum White Hole
International Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Journal 3(1): 22-42, 2021; Article no.IAARJ.66092 The Large Scale Universe as a Quasi Quantum White Hole U. V. S. Seshavatharam1*, Eugene Terry Tatum2 and S. Lakshminarayana3 1Honorary Faculty, I-SERVE, Survey no-42, Hitech city, Hyderabad-84,Telangana, India. 2760 Campbell Ln. Ste 106 #161, Bowling Green, KY, USA. 3Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-03, AP, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author UVSS designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors ETT and SL managed the analyses of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information Editor(s): (1) Dr. David Garrison, University of Houston-Clear Lake, USA. (2) Professor. Hadia Hassan Selim, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Egypt. Reviewers: (1) Abhishek Kumar Singh, Magadh University, India. (2) Mohsen Lutephy, Azad Islamic university (IAU), Iran. (3) Sie Long Kek, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia. (4) N.V.Krishna Prasad, GITAM University, India. (5) Maryam Roushan, University of Mazandaran, Iran. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/66092 Received 17 January 2021 Original Research Article Accepted 23 March 2021 Published 01 April 2021 ABSTRACT We emphasize the point that, standard model of cosmology is basically a model of classical general relativity and it seems inevitable to have a revision with reference to quantum model of cosmology. Utmost important point to be noted is that, ‘Spin’ is a basic property of quantum mechanics and ‘rotation’ is a very common experience. -
Modeling and Interpretation of the Ultraviolet Spectral Energy Distributions of Primeval Galaxies
Ecole´ Doctorale d'Astronomie et Astrophysique d'^Ile-de-France UNIVERSITE´ PARIS VI - PIERRE & MARIE CURIE DOCTORATE THESIS to obtain the title of Doctor of the University of Pierre & Marie Curie in Astrophysics Presented by Alba Vidal Garc´ıa Modeling and interpretation of the ultraviolet spectral energy distributions of primeval galaxies Thesis Advisor: St´ephane Charlot prepared at Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR 7095), Universit´ePierre & Marie Curie (Paris VI) with financial support from the European Research Council grant `ERC NEOGAL' Composition of the jury Reviewers: Alessandro Bressan - SISSA, Trieste, Italy Rosa Gonzalez´ Delgado - IAA (CSIC), Granada, Spain Advisor: St´ephane Charlot - IAP, Paris, France President: Patrick Boisse´ - IAP, Paris, France Examinators: Jeremy Blaizot - CRAL, Observatoire de Lyon, France Vianney Lebouteiller - CEA, Saclay, France Dedicatoria v Contents Abstract vii R´esum´e ix 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Historical context . .4 1.2 Early epochs of the Universe . .5 1.3 Galaxytypes ......................................6 1.4 Components of a Galaxy . .8 1.4.1 Classification of stars . .9 1.4.2 The ISM: components and phases . .9 1.4.3 Physical processes in the ISM . 12 1.5 Chemical content of a galaxy . 17 1.6 Galaxy spectral energy distributions . 17 1.7 Future observing facilities . 19 1.8 Outline ......................................... 20 2 Modeling spectral energy distributions of galaxies 23 2.1 Stellar emission . 24 2.1.1 Stellar population synthesis codes . 24 2.1.2 Evolutionary tracks . 25 2.1.3 IMF . 29 2.1.4 Stellar spectral libraries . 30 2.2 Absorption and emission in the ISM . 31 2.2.1 Photoionization code: CLOUDY ....................... -
Basic Interactions in Black Hole Cosmology
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014; 2(1): 6-17 Published online February 20, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajaa) doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20140201.12 Basic interactions in black hole cosmology U. V. S. Seshavatharam 1, S. Lakshminarayana 2 1Honorary faculty, I-SERVE, Alakapuri, Hyderabad-35, AP, India 2Dept. of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-03, AP, India Email address: [email protected] (U. V. S. Seshavatharam), [email protected] (S. Lakshminarayana) To cite this article: U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana. Basic Interactions in Black Hole Cosmology. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics. Vol. 2, No. 1, 2013, pp. 6-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20140201.12 Abstract: By highlighting the 12 major shortcomings of modern big bang cosmology and reinterpreting the cosmic redshift as a galactic atomic emission phenomenon, the authors made an attempt to develop a possible model of Black hole cosmology in a constructive way. Its validity can be well confirmed from a combined study of cosmological and microscopic physical phenomena. It can be suggested that, there exists one variable physical quantity in the presently believed atomic and nuclear physical constants and “rate of change” in its magnitude can be considered as a “standard measure” of the present “cosmic rate of expansion”. The characteristic nuclear charge radius, inverse of the Fine structure ratio, the characteristic reduced Planck’s constant seem to increase with cosmic time and there will be no change in the magnitude of Planck's constant. At any cosmic time, ’Hubble length’ can be considered as the gravitational or electromagnetic interaction range. -
Read Journal
Online ISSN: 2249-4626 Print ISSN: 0975-5896 Strong Absorption Model Pulsejet Engine Exhaust Gravitational Field Deducing Scope of General Theory VOLUME 14 ISSUE 4 VERSION 1.0 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: A Physics & Space Science Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: A Physics & Space Science Volume 14 Issue 4 (Ver. 1.0) Open Association of Research Society © Global Journal of Science Global Journals Inc. Frontier Research. 2014 . (A Delaware USA Incorporation with “Good Standing”; Reg. Number: 0423089) Sponsors: Open Association of Research Society All rights reserved. Open Scientific Standards This is a special issue published in version 1.0 of “Global Journal of Science Frontier Publisher’s Headquarters office Research.” By Global Journals Inc. All articles are open access articles distributed Global Journals Headquarters under “Global Journal of Science Frontier 301st Edgewater Place Suite, 100 Edgewater Dr.-Pl, Research” Wakefield MASSACHUSETTS, Pin: 01880, Reading License, which permits restricted use. United States of America Entire contents are copyright by of “Global Journal of Science Frontier Research” unless USA Toll Free: +001-888-839-7392 otherwise noted on specific articles. USA Toll Free Fax: +001-888-839-7392 No part of this publication may be reproduced Offset Typesetting or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information Global Journals Incorporated storage and retrieval system, without written 2nd, Lansdowne, Lansdowne Rd., Croydon-Surrey, permission. Pin: CR9 2ER, United Kingdom The opinions and statements made in this book are those of the authors concerned. Packaging & Continental Dispatching Ultraculture has not verified and neither confirms nor denies any of the foregoing and no warranty or fitness is implied. -
An Introduction to Our Universe
An Introduction to Our Universe Lyman Page Princeton, NJ [email protected] Draft, August 31, 2018 The full-sky heat map of the temperature differences in the remnant light from the birth of the universe. From the bluest to the reddest corresponds to a temperature difference of 400 millionths of a degree Celsius. The goal of this essay is to explain this image and what it tells us about the universe. 1 Contents 1 Preface 2 2 Introduction to Cosmology 3 3 How Big is the Universe? 4 4 The Universe is Expanding 10 5 The Age of the Universe is Finite 15 6 The Observable Universe 17 7 The Universe is Infinite ?! 17 8 Telescopes are Like Time Machines 18 9 The CMB 20 10 Dark Matter 23 11 The Accelerating Universe 25 12 Structure Formation and the Cosmic Timeline 26 13 The CMB Anisotropy 29 14 How Do We Measure the CMB? 36 15 The Geometry of the Universe 40 16 Quantum Mechanics and the Seeds of Cosmic Structure Formation. 43 17 Pulling it all Together with the Standard Model of Cosmology 45 18 Frontiers 48 19 Endnote 49 A Appendix A: The Electromagnetic Spectrum 51 B Appendix B: Expanding Space 52 C Appendix C: Significant Events in the Cosmic Timeline 53 D Appendix D: Size and Age of the Observable Universe 54 1 1 Preface These pages are a brief introduction to modern cosmology. They were written for family and friends who at various times have asked what I work on. The goal is to convey a geometrical picture of how to think about the universe on the grandest scales.