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Home , Archaeognatha, Belostomatidae, Blattodea, Cicadomorpha, Coleorrhyncha, Cooloola (insect)

Ametabolous & Hemimetabolous orders Collembola

• Springtails • Minute, most common in soil & leaf litter samples. • Lack wings or obvious mouthparts. • Interesting ‘springtail’ mechanism: tenaculum + furcula. • Often blue/purplish color.

• Bristletails • Large eyes, wingless, external mouthparts. • Arched back, long middle terminal filament. • Covered with scales. /

• & firebrats. • Very small eyes, dorsoventrally flattened, lack wings. • Lateral filaments same length or longer than middle. • Also covered with scales. Hemimetabolous orders Ephemeroptera Dragonflies (Anisoptera) & (Zygoptera)

• Sister taxon to . • No winged molts. • 6000 worldwide • Aquatic naiads • Predaceous adults Hemimetabolous orders : Grasshoppers, locusts, katydids, crickets

• Largest of : 20,000 species worldwide. • Distinctive saltatory (jumping) hindlegs. • Prothorax large and shield-like. • Two monophyletic suborders: and . Caelifera

• Grasshoppers and locusts • Day-active, fast- moving, visually acute, terrestrial herbivores Ensifera

• Katydids • Crickets • Mormon crickets, • Jerusalem crickets • wetas • Cooloola monsters. • Often night-active, camouflaged or mimetic, predators, , or phytophages. The other Polyneoptera The Dictuoptera/ Mantodea Blattodea Blattodea Termitoidae Isoptera Dermaptera The

• Booklice & Barklice Phthiraptera

• Chewing & Sucking lice The

• The True Bugs, , , , Spittlebugs, , Jumping Plant Lice, Scale , , and Mossbugs. • Very diverse morphological assemblage. • What do they all have in common? Hemiptera

• All have piercing- sucking beak derived from mandibles and maxillae. • These lie in a beak- like, grooved labium. Classification

• Traditionally had been two orders: – Hemiptera (currently considered the + ) – Homoptera (currently recognized as a paraphyletic grade) Classification

• Currently five suborders 1. 2. Fulgoromorpha 3. 4. Coleorrhyncha 5. Heteroptera Sternorrhyncha

• Refers to the rearward position of the mouthparts relative to the head. • Numerous plant pests. • Crazy life histories: – Flightless – Parthenogenetic – Sexual dimorphism – – Cyclical sexual/parthenogenetic Sternorrhyncha:

• Jumping plant lice • Resemble miniature cicadas • BUT with long antennae. • Two pairs of clear wings, jumping hindlegs. Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodoidea

• Whiteflies • Distinctive wings with whitish powder. • Similar to aphids but lack cornicles (later). • Giant a common in San Diego. Giant whitefly nymphs Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea

• Scale Insects • Not very like: most often encountered stage (adult female) lacks wings, legs, antennae, eyes, etc. • Males have one pair of wings. • Often tended by . Sternorrhyncha: Aphidoidea

• Aphids • Cornicles conspicuous • -ish (soldier, worker, queen castes) known • Alternation of life cycle common Winged Aphids Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea

• Planthoppers • Antennae on side beneath eyes • 2 anal veins form a Y-vein Cicadomorpha

• Antennae on front between eyes, no Y- vein Cicadomorpha: Cicadoidea

• Cicadas • Large, membranous wings • 3 ocelli present Cicadomorpha: Cercopoidea

• Spittlebugs & • 2 ocelli • Hind tibia with stout spines Cicadomorpha:

• Leafhoppers & • Diverse group • Treehoppers (Membracidae): large pronotum that covers the head, extends over the abdomen, and often has peculiar shapes. • Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae): various in size, shape, and colors, but all have one or more rows of small spines extending the length of the hind tibiae. Heteroptera: True Bugs

• Beak from the front of the head. • Many plant-feeders, but also predators and hemophages. • Wings cross over body. • Antennae distinctive.

• striders • Distinctive habits & body.

• Giant water bugs & toe-biters. • Very large • Raptorial forelegs • Antennae short, often not visible.

• Water boatmen • Forelegs modified for swimming • Lots of transverse lines on dorsal surface.

• Bed bugs • Dorsoventrally compressed • Wingless

• Assassin bugs • Common • Raptorial forelegs • Beak is held in groove in prosternum

• Leaf bugs • Most diverse and common of the Heteroptera • Well-developed cuneus, two cells in membrane of wing.

• Leaf-footed bugs. • Common. • Very fine striated longitudinal vennation • Often expanded hindlegs.

• Seed bugs • Includes common milkweed bug • Only 1-5 veins in membrane of hemelytron.

• Scentless plant bugs • Similar to Lygaeidae and Coreidae, except that hemelytra has many veins and there is a scent gland present.

• Stink bugs • VERY common, showy, often quite large. • Large, triangular scutellum.