Astroparticle Physics Roadmap Phase I ASPERA Roadmap • Phase I •
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CERN Courier – Digital Edition Welcome to the Digital Edition of the January/February 2013 Issue of CERN Courier – the First Digital Edition of This Magazine
I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 1 J ANUARY /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 3 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the January/February 2013 issue of CERN Courier – the first digital edition of this magazine. CERN Courier dates back to August 1959, when the first issue appeared, consisting of eight black-and-white pages. Since then it has seen many changes in design and layout, leading to the current full-colour editions of more than 50 pages on average. It went on the web for the High luminosity: first time in October 1998, when IOP Publishing took over the production work. Now, we have taken another step forward with this digital edition, which provides yet another means to access the content beyond the web the heat is on and print editions, which continue as before. Back in 1959, the first issue reported on progress towards the start of CERN’s first proton synchrotron. This current issue includes a report from the physics frontier as seen by the ATLAS experiment at the laboratory’s current flagship, the LHC, as well as a look at work that is under way to get the most from this remarkable machine in future. Particle physics has changed a great deal since 1959 and this is reflected in the article on the emergence of QCD, the theory of the strong interaction, in the early 1970s. To sign up to the new issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up To subscribe to the print edition, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe LHC PHYSICS FERMILAB FRONTIER Using monojets Oddone to retire to point the way after eight PHYSICS EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN to new physics fruitful years Opening up DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p7 p35 interdisciplinarity p33 CERNCOURIER www. -
Switching Neutrinos
Research in Progress Physics Fl avor- -Switching Neutrinos rof. Ewa Rondio from the National P Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) explains the nature of neutrinos, the measurements taken by the Super-Kamiokande detector, and the involvement of Polish scientists in the project. MIJAKOWSKI PIOTR ACADEMIA: What are neutrinos? What is the difference between the neutrinos that PROF. EWA RONDIO: Literally translated, the word come from space and the neutrinos created on Earth? “neutrino” means “little neutral one.” The name was Neutrinos arriving from space are almost as abundant first suggested when the existence of neutrinos was as photons in the cosmic background radiation, but proposed to patch up the law of conservation of en- their energies are so small that we’re unable to detect ergy. It had turned out that without postulating their them. We can’t see them, even though there are so existence we could not explain why the spectrum of many of them. We can only observe higher-energy energy in beta decay is continuous, whereas two-body neutrinos, for example those arriving from the Sun. decay should give a single constant value. Back then, At first glance, they do not differ in any way from that postulate was considered very risky, because it those made on Earth. However, they have somewhat was believed that such particles would be impossible different energies. Also, those arriving from space are to observe. Experimental physicists have nowadays predominantly neutrinos, whereas those we produce managed that, although it took them quite a long time. on Earth produce are chiefly antineutrinos. -
European Astroparticle Physics Strategy 2017-2026 Astroparticle Physics European Consortium
European Astroparticle Physics Strategy 2017-2026 Astroparticle Physics European Consortium August 2017 European Astroparticle Physics Strategy 2017-2026 www.appec.org Executive Summary Astroparticle physics is the fascinating field of research long-standing mysteries such as the true nature of Dark at the intersection of astronomy, particle physics and Matter and Dark Energy, the intricacies of neutrinos cosmology. It simultaneously addresses challenging and the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of proton questions relating to the micro-cosmos (the world decay. of elementary particles and their fundamental interactions) and the macro-cosmos (the world of The field of astroparticle physics has quickly celestial objects and their evolution) and, as a result, established itself as an extremely successful endeavour. is well-placed to advance our understanding of the Since 2001 four Nobel Prizes (2002, 2006, 2011 and Universe beyond the Standard Model of particle physics 2015) have been awarded to astroparticle physics and and the Big Bang Model of cosmology. the recent – revolutionary – first direct detections of gravitational waves is literally opening an entirely new One of its paths is targeted at a better understanding and exhilarating window onto our Universe. We look of cataclysmic events such as: supernovas – the titanic forward to an equally exciting and productive future. explosions marking the final evolutionary stage of massive stars; mergers of multi-solar-mass black-hole Many of the next generation of astroparticle physics or neutron-star binaries; and, most compelling of all, research infrastructures require substantial capital the violent birth and subsequent evolution of our infant investment and, for Europe to remain competitive Universe. -
Kavli IPMU Annual 2014 Report
ANNUAL REPORT 2014 REPORT ANNUAL April 2014–March 2015 2014–March April Kavli IPMU Kavli Kavli IPMU Annual Report 2014 April 2014–March 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD 2 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 NEWS&EVENTS 8 3 ORGANIZATION 10 4 STAFF 14 5 RESEARCHHIGHLIGHTS 20 5.1 Unbiased Bases and Critical Points of a Potential ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙20 5.2 Secondary Polytopes and the Algebra of the Infrared ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙21 5.3 Moduli of Bridgeland Semistable Objects on 3- Folds and Donaldson- Thomas Invariants ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙22 5.4 Leptogenesis Via Axion Oscillations after Inflation ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙23 5.5 Searching for Matter/Antimatter Asymmetry with T2K Experiment ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 24 5.6 Development of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙26 5.7 Search for Physics beyond Standard Model with KamLAND-Zen ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙28 5.8 Chemical Abundance Patterns of the Most Iron-Poor Stars as Probes of the First Stars in the Universe ∙ ∙ ∙ 29 5.9 Measuring Gravitational lensing Using CMB B-mode Polarization by POLARBEAR ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 30 5.10 The First Galaxy Maps from the SDSS-IV MaNGA Survey ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙32 5.11 Detection of the Possible Companion Star of Supernova 2011dh ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ -
Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments 1 Introduction 2
Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments Mark Thomson Cavendish Laboratory Department of Physics JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge, CB3 0HE United Kingdom 1 Introduction In the last ten years the study of the quantum mechanical e®ect of neutrino os- cillations, which arises due to the mixing of the weak eigenstates fºe; º¹; º¿ g and the mass eigenstates fº1; º2; º3g, has revolutionised our understanding of neutrinos. Until recently, this understanding was dominated by experimental observations of at- mospheric [1, 2, 3] and solar neutrino [4, 5, 6] oscillations. These measurements have been of great importance. However, the use of naturally occuring neutrino sources is not su±cient to determine fully the flavour mixing parameters in the neutrino sector. For this reason, many of the current and next generation of neutrino experiments are based on high intensity accelerator generated neutrino beams. The ¯rst generation of these long-baseline (LBL) neutrino oscillation experiments, K2K, MINOS and CNGS, are the main subject of this review. The next generation of LBL experiments, T2K and NOºA, are also discussed. 2 Theoretical Background For two neutrino weak eigenstates fº®; º¯g related to two mass eigenstates fºi; ºjg, by a single mixing angle θij, it is simple to show that the survival probability of a neutrino of energy Eº and flavour ® after propagating a distance L through the vacuum is à ! 2 2 2 2 1:27¢mji(eV )L(km) P (º® ! º®) = 1 ¡ sin 2θij sin ; (1) Eº(GeV) 2 2 2 where ¢mji is the di®erence of the squares of the neutrino masses, mj ¡ mi . -
A Brief Overview of Neutrino Oscillabon Results and Future Prospects
A brief overview of neutrino oscillaon results and future prospects Trevor Stewart On behalf of the T2K collaboraon Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ICNFP 2016 01/01/2015 Trevor Stewart, RAL 1 The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015 Takaaki Kajita, Arthur B. McDonald “for the discovery of neutrino oscillaons, which shows that neutrinos have mass" 06/07/2016 Trevor Stewart, RAL 2 Intoduc2on • This talk will discuss recent neutrino oscillaon results and how they contribute to our overall understanding of the physics of neutrinos • Will present results from current experiments such as T2K, NOνA, Daya Bay, RENO, and Double Chooz • Discuss future experiments such as Hyper- Kamiokande, DUNE, and JUNO • If I do not men2on your favourite experiment then please forgive me, it is for the sake of brevity 01/01/2015 Trevor Stewart, RAL 3 Two-flavour neutrino oscillaons ⌫ cos✓ sin✓ ⌫ • e = 1 Two sets of eigenstates for ⌫µ sin✓ cos✓ ⌫2 neutrinos ✓ ◆ ✓− ◆✓ 2 ◆ - Flavour states which 2 2 ⎛ Δm L ⎞ P(ν →ν ) = sin (2θ )sin ⎜ ⎟ interact µ e ⎜ 4E ⎟ ∆m2 = m2 m2 ⎝ ⎠ - Mass states which 2 − 1 propagate ⌫µ ⌫1, ⌫2 ⌫µ or ⌫e • Measure • Result probabili2es – Mixing angle(s) – Disappearance – Mass differences – Appearance 01/01/2015 Trevor Stewart, RAL 4 The Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix ⌫e ⌫1 • Unfortunately things are not as ⌫ = U ⌫ 0 µ1 0 21 simple as the 2-flavour mixing ⌫⌧ ⌫3 shown on the previous slide @ A @ A • 3-flavour mixing Flavour eigenstates Mass eigenstates - Three independent mixing (coupling to the W, Z) (definite masses) angles and CP violang -
ALESSANDRA CORSI Curriculum Vitae Et Studiorum
ALESSANDRA CORSI Curriculum Vitae et Studiorum Contact information • Post: Texas Tech University, Physics Department, Box 41051, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051 • e-mail: [email protected] • Phone: +1-806-834-6931 (Office) Education • 2007: Astronomy Ph.D, University of Rome Sapienza. Thesis title: \Gamma-ray Burst afterglows: fireball physics and clues to the progenitor" - Advisors: Prof. Enrico Massaro and Dr. Luigi Piro. • 2003: Laurea in Physics cum laude, University of Rome Sapienza. Academic positions • 2014 (August) - present: Assistant Professor of Physics, Texas Tech University. • 2012 - 2014 (July): Assistant Professor of Physics, The George Washington University. • 2010 - 2012: Post-doc, California Institute of Technology (Advisors: Prof. Alan J. Weinstein and Prof. Shrinivas R. Kulkarni). • 2008 - 2010: Post-doc, University of Rome Sapienza & Pennsylvania State University (Advisors: Prof. Fulvio Ricci and Prof. Peter Meszaros). • 2007 - 2008: Post-doc, National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF/IASF-Rome) and Rome Univer- sity Sapienza (Advisors: Dr. Luigi Piro and Prof. Fulvio Ricci). Professional Memberships • American Astronomical Society, member since 2013. • American Physical Society, member since 2012. • LIGO Scientific Collaboration, member since 2010. • Palomar Transient Factory Collaboration, member since 2010. • Virgo Collaboration, 2007-2010. Honors, Awards & Scholarships • AAS Bruno Rossi Prize for high-energy astrophysics (as part of the LSC; 2017). • UK Royal Astronomical Society Group Achievement Award in Astronomy (as part of the LSC; 2017). • Honorary Adjunct Assistant Professor, TTU Department of Mathematics and Statistics (2016). • Gruber Cosmology Prize (as part of the LSC; 2016). • Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics (as part of the LSC; 2016). • Fellow of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement (Scialog) (TDA, 2015-2016). -
Working Document for the Creation of a Doctorate in Archaeoastronomy and Astrophysics in the UNSAAC of Cusco
Working Document for the creation of a Doctorate in Archaeoastronomy and Astrophysics in the UNSAAC of Cusco Working Document for the creation of a Doctorate in Archaeoastronomy and Astrophysics in the UNSAAC of Cusco Introduction The First International Congress on Astrophysics and Archeology of the UNSAAC was held on the Auditorium of the Faculty of Science on July 4, 5 and 6, 2019 with the presence of local professors, foreign guests, students and university authorities with the programming in annex . The objective of this event was to discuss and shape a proposal for the creation of a Postgraduate degree in Archaeoastronomy and Astrophysics at the Doctorate level, giving a strong boost to human resources research and training activities at UNSAAC. The initiative of the meeting had the contribution of several teachers of the institution, from the first contacts made by the meeting coordinator (CZV) with Professor Milton Rojas Gamarra, in Ollantaytambo, in 2018, during the IWARA2018 meeting (8th International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics), until the later stages that culminated with the writing of this proposal. Among the various professors involved in the different stages of the meeting, we highlight the relevant participation of professors Marco Antonio Zamalloa Jara, Milton Rojas Gamarra, Miriam H. Romero Peña, Pastor Raúl Chura Serrano, Sayri Tupac García Roca and Victor Ayma. We also cite the extremely important contribution of the UNSAAC authorities. The full nominate is: Dr. Gilbert Alagon Huallpa (Vice Chancellor for Research), Dr. Alejandro Ttito Ttica (Dean of the Faculty of Science), Dr. Edilberto Atau Enriquez (Director of the Professional School of Physics), Dr. -
1 Paolo BERNARDINI - Elenco Completo Delle Pubblicazioni (September 2, 2021)
1 Paolo BERNARDINI - elenco completo delle pubblicazioni (September 2, 2021) PUBBLICAZIONI SU RIVISTA [1] P. Bernardini \La statistica di Einstein e la seconda quantizzazione: quale continuit`a?", Physis 23 (1981) 337 [2] P. Bernardini "Pascual Jordan, interprete coerente dell'ipotesi quantistica", Testi e Contesti 5 (1981) 85 [3] I. Boscolo, J. Gallardo, P. Bernardini \Free Electron Laser Features in Small-Signal Regime with a Gaussian Mode", Nuclear Instruments and Methods A 237 (1985) 69 [4] P. Bernardini, F. Grianti, F. Vetrano \Un sistema idraulico come filtro passa-basso", Studi Urbinati C 27 (1985) 61 [5] I. Boscolo, P. Bernardini, A. Pando, A. Passaseo \A High Power CH3OH Laser System with Long-Term Stability", International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 7 (1986) 1677 [6] I. Boscolo, P. Bernardini, A. Passaseo \A Powerful and Stable CO2 Laser for CH3OH FIR Laser Optical Pumping", Infrared Physics 26 (1986) 287 [7] P. Bernardini, F. Grianti, F. Vetrano \A Mechanical Ventilator with Programable Flow Waveforms", Rassegna di Bioingegneria 11 (1986) 99 [8] P. Bernardini, F. Vetrano \Esperienza didattica su un sistema idraulico: analisi del sistema e analogie con un circuito elettrico", Giornale di Fisica 28 (1987) 33 [9] P. Bernardini, R. Mantovani, F. Vetrano \Determinazione dell'ordine di grandezza del coefficiente di viscosit`adell'aria", Studi Urbinati C 29 (1987) 97 [10] P. Bernardini, R. Mantovani, F. Vetrano \Dieci Strumenti dell'Antico Laboratorio di Fisica dell'Universit`aUrbinate", Studi Urbinati C 29 (1987) 115 [11] F. Baldetti, P. Bernardini, F. Grianti, F. Vetrano \Analisi dei vincoli imposti ad una particolare discretizzazione della curva di flusso nella ventilazione automatica programmabile", Automazione e Strumentazione 35/12 (1987) 153 [12] I. -
The T2K Experiment Daniel I
The T2K Experiment Daniel I. Scully University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry. UK Abstract. T2K is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment built to make precision measurements of q13, q23 and 2 Dm 32. It achieves this by utilising an off-axis, predominantly nm , neutrino beam from J-PARC to Super-Kamiokande, and a near detector complex which constrains the beam’s direction, flux, composition and energy. To date T2K has published nm -disappearance and ne-appearance results, the latter excluding q13 = 0 at over 3s and therefore constituting first evidence for ne-appearance in a nm beam. In addition to oscillation physics, the on-axis (INGRID) and off-axis (ND280) near detectors provide the capability for a broad neutrino-nucleus interaction physics programme at neutrino energies below 1GeV. Keywords: T2K, ND280, neutrino, oscillations, cross sections PACS: 14.60.Lm, 13.15.+g T2K OVERVIEW The T2K experiment [1], based in Japan, is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment built to make precision 2 measurements of q13, q23 and Dm 32. The first stage of the experiment is a neutrino beam generated at the J-PARC proton accelerator facility. 30 GeV protons are collided with a graphite target and three magnetic horns focus the resulting positive pions and kaons down a 110m decay tunnel. These decay in flight to produce a beam of predominantly nm , though some n m (≈ 6%), ne (≈ 1%) and ne (< 1%) are also produced (Figure 1a)[2]. (a) The contribution of each neutrino flavour to the flux through (b) The effect on the neutrino energy spectrum of moving off the ND280. -
Final Report for Studies in Elementary Particle Physics for the Period February 1, 2010 to April 30, 2013 Virginia Tech Tasks A, B, and N
Final Report for Studies in Elementary Particle Physics for the period February 1, 2010 to April 30, 2013 Virginia Tech Tasks A, B, and N Leo Piilonen Tatsu Takeuchi Djordje Minic Jonathan Link Center for Neutrino Physics, Department of Physics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061-0435 Principal Investigator: Leo Piilonen Center for Neutrino Physics, Department of Physics 125 Robeson Hall Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061-0435 (540)231-7472 [email protected] Office of High Energy Physics DOE/Science Program Office Technical Contact: Dr. Alan Stone DOE Grant Number: DE-FG05-92ER40709 1 Overview of the Virginia Tech HEP Program and Group This final report of DOE Grant DE-FG05-92ER40709 awarded to the Virginia Tech HEP group covers the period February 1, 2010 through April 30, 2013. The HEP program at Virginia Tech supported by this grant is organized into three tasks: A for theory (Profs. Tatsu Takeuchi and Djordje Minic), B for heavy flavor physics with the Belle and Belle II experiments (Prof. Leo Piilonen), and N for neutrino physics (Profs. Jonathan Link and Piilonen). There are several other HEP faculty members at Virginia Tech who were not supported by this grant through April 30, 2012 with whom we collaborated. Prof. Patrick Huber works in neutrino phenomenology and is supported by a separate ECRA grant from DOE. Prof. Eric Sharpe col- laborates with Minic and Takeuchi and is supported by the NSF. Prof. Camillo Mariani joined Virginia Tech in August 2012 as our newest neutrino experimentalist. Prof. Bruce Vogelaar is another neutrino experimentalist supported by the NSF; he collaborated with the late Prof. -
Astroparticle Astroparticle Physics
AstroparticleAstroparticleAstroparticle PhysicsPhysicsPhysics Summerstudent Lecture 2010 Axel Lindner DESY e-mail: [email protected] A. Lindner Summer Student Lecture 2010 Astroparticle Physics AstroparticleAstroparticleAstroparticle Physics:Physics:Physics: HistoryHistoryHistory High energy physics started with discoveries and analysis of particles generated by the cosmic radiation in the atmosphere. • 1932: Positron • 1937: Muons • 1947: Pions, Λ, K • 1952: Ξ-, Σ+ • 1971: Charm (?) • 1998: Neutrino oscillation SK 2005 A. Lindner Summer Student Lecture 2010 Astroparticle Physics AstroparticleAstroparticleAstroparticle Physics:Physics:Physics: CosmicCosmicCosmic LaboratoryLaboratoryLaboratory Really high energies are only provided by the cosmos: • particles beyond 1020eV (107·LHC beam energy) • Access to physics at the Planck scale via indirect observations of the very early universe Really long baselines are only provided by the cosmos: • Oscillation of υ from the sun: 150·109 m • υ from SN 1987A (LMC): 150.000 light-years A. Lindner Summer Student Lecture 2010 Astroparticle Physics AstroparticleAstroparticleAstroparticle Physics:Physics:Physics: PhenomenaPhenomenaPhenomena There are many natural phenomena waiting for explanation: • Cosmic Radiation • Dark Matter • Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation The cosmic connection: • The development (and origin?) of the cosmos can only be addressed with HEP knowledge A. Lindner Summer Student Lecture 2010 Astroparticle Physics A. Lindner Summer Student Lecture 2010 Astroparticle Physics