Tackling the Internet Edge Problems Solving the Home Router Disaster
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Hotspot Feature for Wi-Fi Clients with RADIUS User Authentication on Digi Transport
Application Note 56 Hotspot feature for Wi-Fi clients with RADIUS User Authentication on Digi TransPort. Digi Support November 2015 1 Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Outline ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Assumptions ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Corrections .................................................................................................................................. 4 2 Version .................................................................................................................................................5 3 Configuration .......................................................................................................................................5 3.1 Mobile Interface Configuration .....................................................................................................5 3.2 Ethernet Interface Configuration ................................................................................................. 6 3.2.1 ETH 0 Configuration ................................................................................................................. 6 3.2.2 ETH 12 Logical Interface Configuration .................................................................................... -
Multiple Internet Connections by Balancing Traffic and Managing Failover with Zeroshell
Multiple Internet Connections by Balancing Traffic and Managing Failover With Zeroshell The purpose of this document is to describe the creation of a router to access a network that uses multiple Internet connections in order to balance the outgoing LAN demand and to obtain network access redundancy, managing fault situations for one or multiple lines. To reach our objective, we shall use the Net Balancer module by Zeroshell. Lastly, we shall examine the possibility of aggregation (Bonding) of VPN aimed at increasing the bandwidth for point-to-point connection between remote locations via the Internet. Is it really possible to increase the Internet connection bandwidth? The answer to this question is not, "yes, absolutely." It depends on what you mean by increasing the Internet connection bandwidth. In essence, the Net Balancer distributes requests originating from the LAN by round-robin (weighed) policy over multiple Internet gateways. In other words, if at a given point in time there is only one LAN user making only one TCP connection (e.g. he executes only one download from the web), his traffic will flow from a single gateway, thus it would not benefit from balanced connections. Instead, if the LAN is crowded with users, each executing multiple requests at the same time, as a whole, their connections will have access to a higher bandwidth, equal to the sum of the single-access bandwidths. We then conclude that a single connection may never have more bandwidth than what offered by a single link, while multiple simultaneous connections will, on average, altogether have access to a greater bandwidth, which will stretch to the sum of the bandwidths of all the Internet links being balanced. -
Tor and Circumvention: Lessons Learned
Tor and circumvention: Lessons learned Nick Mathewson The Tor Project https://torproject.org/ 1 What is Tor? Online anonymity 1) open source software, 2) network, 3) protocol Community of researchers, developers, users, and relay operators Funding from US DoD, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Voice of America, Google, NLnet, Human Rights Watch, NSF, US State Dept, SIDA, ... 2 The Tor Project, Inc. 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to the research and development of tools for online anonymity and privacy Not secretly evil. 3 Estimated ~250,000? daily Tor users 4 Anonymity in what sense? “Attacker can’t learn who is talking to whom.” Bob Alice Alice Anonymity network Bob Alice Bob 5 Threat model: what can the attacker do? Alice Anonymity network Bob watch Alice! watch (or be!) Bob! Control part of the network! 6 Anonymity isn't cryptography: Cryptography just protects contents. “Hi, Bob!” “Hi, Bob!” Alice <gibberish> attacker Bob 7 Anonymity isn't just wishful thinking... “You can't prove it was me!” “Promise you won't look!” “Promise you won't remember!” “Promise you won't tell!” “I didn't write my name on it!” “Isn't the Internet already anonymous?” 8 Anonymity serves different interests for different user groups. Anonymity “It's privacy!” Private citizens 9 Anonymity serves different interests for different user groups. Anonymity Businesses “It's network security!” “It's privacy!” Private citizens 10 Anonymity serves different interests for different user groups. “It's traffic-analysis resistance!” Governments Anonymity Businesses “It's network security!” “It's privacy!” Private citizens 11 Anonymity serves different interests for different user groups. -
Linksys E800 Router User Guide
User Guide Linksys E800 Linksys E800 Contents Contents Product overview How to find your network on the Internet 14 How to clone a MAC address 15 Package contents 1 How to connect to your corporate office using a VPN 15 Features 1 Back view 2 How to optimize your router for gaming and voice 16 Bottom view 2 How to remotely change your router settings 17 How to enable Voice over IP on your network 18 Setting Up: Basics How to configure UPnP 19 How to create a home network 3 How to use a router as an access point 19 What is a network? 3 How to put your new router behind an existing router 21 How to set up a home network 3 To add your router to an existing router or gateway 21 Where to find more help 3 To share an Internet connection 21 To extend your network 23 How to set up your router 3 How to start Cisco Connect 4 How to expose a device to the Internet 23 How to improve your wireless connection speed 5 How to test your Internet connection speed 5 Improving Security How to connect devices to your network 6 How do I know if my network is secure? 25 How to connect a computer to your network 6 How to connect a printer 8 Network security following a manual setup 25 How to connect other devices 8 How to set up wireless security using Wi-Fi Protected Setup 26 How to change your router’s name and password 10 Wi-Fi Protected Setup activity light 26 Connecting a device using the Wi-Fi Protected Setup button 26 How to connect a device using its Wi-Fi Protected Setup PIN 27 How to connect a device using the router’s Wi-Fi Protected Setup PIN 27 -
Internet Protocol Suite
InternetInternet ProtocolProtocol SuiteSuite Srinidhi Varadarajan InternetInternet ProtocolProtocol Suite:Suite: TransportTransport • TCP: Transmission Control Protocol • Byte stream transfer • Reliable, connection-oriented service • Point-to-point (one-to-one) service only • UDP: User Datagram Protocol • Unreliable (“best effort”) datagram service • Point-to-point, multicast (one-to-many), and • broadcast (one-to-all) InternetInternet ProtocolProtocol Suite:Suite: NetworkNetwork z IP: Internet Protocol – Unreliable service – Performs routing – Supported by routing protocols, • e.g. RIP, IS-IS, • OSPF, IGP, and BGP z ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol – Used by IP (primarily) to exchange error and control messages with other nodes z IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol – Used for controlling multicast (one-to-many transmission) for UDP datagrams InternetInternet ProtocolProtocol Suite:Suite: DataData LinkLink z ARP: Address Resolution Protocol – Translates from an IP (network) address to a network interface (hardware) address, e.g. IP address-to-Ethernet address or IP address-to- FDDI address z RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol – Translates from a network interface (hardware) address to an IP (network) address AddressAddress ResolutionResolution ProtocolProtocol (ARP)(ARP) ARP Query What is the Ethernet Address of 130.245.20.2 Ethernet ARP Response IP Source 0A:03:23:65:09:FB IP Destination IP: 130.245.20.1 IP: 130.245.20.2 Ethernet: 0A:03:21:60:09:FA Ethernet: 0A:03:23:65:09:FB z Maps IP addresses to Ethernet Addresses -
Buffer De-Bloating in Wireless Access Networks
Buffer De-bloating in Wireless Access Networks by Yuhang Dai A thesis submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Electronic Engineering & Computer Science Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom Sep 2018 TO MY FAMILY Abstract Excessive buffering brings a new challenge into the networks which is known as Bufferbloat, which is harmful to delay sensitive applications. Wireless access networks consist of Wi-Fi and cellular networks. In the thesis, the performance of CoDel and RED are investigated in Wi-Fi networks with different types of traffic. Results show that CoDel and RED work well in Wi-Fi networks, due to the similarity of protocol structures of Wi-Fi and wired networks. It is difficult for RED to tune parameters in cellular networks because of the time-varying channel. CoDel needs modifications as it drops the first packet of queue and thehead packet in cellular networks will be segmented. The major contribution of this thesis is that three new AQM algorithms tailored to cellular networks are proposed to alleviate large queuing delays. A channel quality aware AQM is proposed using the CQI. The proposed algorithm is tested with a single cell topology and simulation results show that the proposed algo- rithm reduces the average queuing delay for each user by 40% on average with TCP traffic compared to CoDel. A QoE aware AQM is proposed for VoIP traffic. Drops and delay are monitored and turned into QoE by mathematical models. The proposed algorithm is tested in NS3 and compared with CoDel, and it enhances the QoE of VoIP traffic and the average end- to-end delay is reduced by more than 200 ms when multiple users with different CQI compete for the wireless channel. -
Wireless Mesh Networks 10 Steps to Speedup Your Mesh-Network by Factor 5
Overview CPU/Architecture Airtime Compression Cache QoS future wireless mesh networks 10 steps to speedup your mesh-network by factor 5 Bastian Bittorf http://www.bittorf-wireless.com berlin, c-base, 4. june 2011 B.Bittorf bittorf wireless )) mesh networking Overview CPU/Architecture Airtime Compression Cache QoS future 1 Agenda 2 CPU/Architecture efficient use of CPU rate-selection 3 Airtime avoid slow rates separate channels 4 Compression like modem: V.42bis iproute2/policy-routing compress data to inet-gateway slow DSL-lines? 5 Cache local HTTP-Proxy Gateway HTTP-Proxy B.Bittorf DNS-Cache bittorf wireless )) mesh networking synchronise everything compress to zero 6 QoS Layer8 7 future ideas ressources Overview CPU/Architecture Airtime Compression Cache QoS future 1 Agenda 2 CPU/Architecture efficient use of CPU rate-selection 3 Airtime avoid slow rates separate channels 4 Compression like modem: V.42bis iproute2/policy-routing compress data to inet-gateway slow DSL-lines? 5 Cache local HTTP-Proxy Gateway HTTP-Proxy B.Bittorf DNS-Cache bittorf wireless )) mesh networking synchronise everything compress to zero 6 QoS Layer8 7 future ideas ressources Overview CPU/Architecture Airtime Compression Cache QoS future 1 Agenda 2 CPU/Architecture efficient use of CPU rate-selection 3 Airtime avoid slow rates separate channels 4 Compression like modem: V.42bis iproute2/policy-routing compress data to inet-gateway slow DSL-lines? 5 Cache local HTTP-Proxy Gateway HTTP-Proxy B.Bittorf DNS-Cache bittorf wireless )) mesh networking synchronise everything -
Using the Cisco IOS Web Browser User Interface
Using the Cisco IOS Web Browser User Interface The Cisco IOS software includes a Web browser user interface (UI) from which you can issue Cisco IOS commands. The Cisco IOS Web browser UI is accessed from the router home page, and can be customized for your business environment. For example, you can view pages in different languages and save them in Flash memory for easy retrieval. For a complete description of the Cisco Web browser UI configuration commands in this chapter, refer to the “Cisco IOS Web Browser User Interface Commands”chapter of the Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference. To locate documentation of other commands that appear in this chapter, use the Cisco IOS Command Reference Master Index or search online. • Finding Feature Information, on page 1 • Prerequisites for Cisco IOS Web Browser User Interface, on page 1 • Restrictions for Cisco IOS Web Browser User Interface, on page 2 • Information About Cisco IOS Web Browser User Interface, on page 2 • How to Configure and Use the Cisco IOS Web Browser User Interface, on page 7 • Configuration Examples for the Cisco IOS Web Browser User Interface, on page 12 Finding Feature Information Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module. Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. -
Freelab: a Free Experimentation Platform
FreeLab: A Free Experimentation Platform Matteo Varvello|; Diego Perino? |AT&T Labs – Research, ?Telefónica Research ABSTRACT In this work, we set out to build a free experimentation As researchers, we are aware of how hard it is to obtain access platform which can also be reliable and up-to-date. In classic to vantage points in the Internet. Experimentation platforms experimentation platforms applications run directly at vantage are useful tools, but they are also: 1) paid, either via a mem- points; we revert this rationale by proposing to use vantage bership fee or by resource sharing, 2) unreliable, nodes come points as traffic relays while running the application at theex- and go, 3) outdated, often still run on their original hardware perimenter’s machine(s). By leveraging free Internet relays as and OS. While one could build yet-another platform with vantage points, we can make such experimentation platform up-to-date and reliable hardware and software, it is hard to free. The drawback of this approach is the introduction of imagine one which is free. This is the goal of this paper: we extra errors (path inflation, header manipulation, bandwidth set out to build FreeLab, a free experimentation platform shrinkage) which need to be carefully corrected. which also aims to be reliable and up-to-date. The key idea This paper presents FreeLab, a free experimentation plat- behind FreeLab is that experiments run directly at its user form built atop of thousand of free HTTP(S) and SOCKS(5) machines, while traffic is relayed by free vantage points inthe Internet proxies [38]—to enable experiments based on TCP, Internet (web and SOCKS proxies, and DNS resolvers). -
Performance Analysis of Receive-Side Real-Time Congestion Control for Webrtc
Performance Analysis of Receive-Side Real-Time Congestion Control for WebRTC Varun Singh Albert Abello Lozano J¨org Ott Aalto University, Finland Aalto University, Finland Aalto University, Finland varun.singh@aalto.fi albert.abello.lozano@aalto.fi jorg.ott@aalto.fi Abstract—In the forthcoming deployments of WebRTC sys- congestion control, the IETF has chartered a new working tems, we speculate that high quality video conferencing will see group, RMCAT3, to standardize congestion-control for real- wide adoption. It is currently being deployed on Google Chrome time communication, which is expected to be a multi-year and Firefox web-browsers, meanwhile desktop and mobile clients are under development. Without a standardized signaling mech- process [1]; but early implementations are already available. anism, service providers can enable various types of topologies; In this paper, we evaluate the performance of WebRTC ranging from full-mesh to centralized video conferencing and video calls over different topologies and with varying amounts everything in between. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of cross-traffic. All experiments are conducted using the of various topologies using endpoints implementing WebRTC. Chrome browser and our testbed. With the testbed we are able We specifically evaluate the performance of the congestion con- trol currently implemented and deployed in these web-browser, to control the bottleneck link capacity, the end-to-end latency, Receive-side Real-Time Congestion Control (RRTCC). We use link loss rate and the queue size of intermediate routers. transport impairments like varying throughput, loss and delay, Consequently, in this testbed we can investigate the following: and varying amounts of cross-traffic to measure the performance. -
Bufferbloat: Advertently Defeated a Critical TCP Con- Gestion-Detection Mechanism, with the Result Being Worsened Congestion and Increased Latency
practice Doi:10.1145/2076450.2076464 protocol the presence of congestion Article development led by queue.acm.org and thus the need for compensating adjustments. Because memory now is significant- A discussion with Vint Cerf, Van Jacobson, ly cheaper than it used to be, buffering Nick Weaver, and Jim Gettys. has been overdone in all manner of net- work devices, without consideration for the consequences. Manufacturers have reflexively acted to prevent any and all packet loss and, by doing so, have in- BufferBloat: advertently defeated a critical TCP con- gestion-detection mechanism, with the result being worsened congestion and increased latency. Now that the problem has been di- What’s Wrong agnosed, people are working feverishly to fix it. This case study considers the extent of the bufferbloat problem and its potential implications. Working to with the steer the discussion is Vint Cerf, popu- larly known as one of the “fathers of the Internet.” As the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols, Cerf did indeed play internet? a key role in developing the Internet and related packet data and security technologies while at Stanford Univer- sity from 1972−1976 and with the U.S. Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) from 1976−1982. He currently serves as Google’s chief Internet evangelist. internet DeLays nOw are as common as they are Van Jacobson, presently a research maddening. But that means they end up affecting fellow at PARC where he leads the networking research program, is also system engineers just like all the rest of us. And when central to this discussion. -
Attacking Tor at the Application Layer
Attacking Tor at the Application Layer Gregory Fleischer gfl[email protected] http://pseudo-flaw.net/ Friday, July 31, 2009 Introduction Friday, July 31, 2009 Introduction • What this talk is about • identifying Tor web traffic • fingerprinting users • attacking at the application layers • There is a heavy emphasis on the client- side, web browsers attacks and JavaScript Friday, July 31, 2009 Introduction • What this talk is NOT about • passive monitoring at exit nodes • network attacks against path selection • using application functionality to increase the likelihood of network attacks • breaking SSL Friday, July 31, 2009 Introduction • Software tested • The Tor Browser Bundle • Vidalia Bundle for Windows • Vidalia Bundle for Mac OS X • Firefox 2, Firefox 3.0 and Firefox 3.5 • Torbutton • miscellaneous add-ons Friday, July 31, 2009 Does your browser... Friday, July 31, 2009 ... look like this? Friday, July 31, 2009 Background Friday, July 31, 2009 Background • Brief overview of Tor • free software developed by The Tor Project • volunteer effort on the Internet and anyone can run a Tor server • uses onion routing and encryption to provide network anonymity • can be used to circumvent local ISP surveillance and network blocking • can also be used to hide originating IP address from remote servers Friday, July 31, 2009 Friday, July 31, 2009 Background • Application stack for Tor web surfing • web browser (most likely Firefox) • local HTTP proxy (Privoxy or Polipo) • Tor client as SOCKS proxy • Tor exit node proxies request • remote web server