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Uterine Adenocarcinoma with Prominent Desmoplasia in a Geriatric Miniature Pig

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Uterine Adenocarcinoma with Prominent Desmoplasia in a Geriatric Miniature Pig NOTE Pathology Uterine Adenocarcinoma with Prominent Desmoplasia in a Geriatric Miniature Pig Hossain Md. GOLBAR1), Takeshi IZAWA1), Mitsuru KUWAMURA1), Shu ITO2) and Jyoji YAMATE1)* 1)Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1–58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598–8531 and 2)Adventure World AWS Co., Ltd., Shirahama, Nishimuro-Gun, Wakayama 649–2201, Japan (Received 25 August 2009/Accepted 18 October 2009/Published online in J-STAGE 27 November 2009) ABSTRACT. A 10-year-old miniature sow was died, showing inappetence and weight loss. Grossly, neoplastic enlargement of the uterus was found. Histopathologically, the lesions consisted of acinar, ductular and cystic proliferations of mono- and multilayered epithelial cells; these cells reacted immunohistochemically strongly with three different cytokeratin antibodies, and occasionally to vimentin. Myo- fibroblastic desmoplastic cells, positive to -smooth muscle actin, were present among neoplastic cells. Metastatic lesions were seen in the lungs and liver. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of uterine adenocarcinoma with marked desmoplasia was made. This case is the second report of uterine adenocarcinoma in the miniature pig. KEY WORDS: desmoplasia, miniature pig, uterine adenocarcinoma. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 72(2): 253–256, 2010 Uterine adenocarcinomas are uncommon neoplasms in Carpinteria, CA, U.S.A.), anti-CK19 (1:100; Novocastra most animals with the exception in rabbits and cattle [6, 13]. Laboratories Ltd., Newcastle, U.K.), anti-AE1/AE3 (predi- Woman cases are the most common invasive cancers of the lution; Dako), anti-vimentin (1: 400; Dako) and anti-- genital tract [3]. To our knowledge, there are two cases of smooth muscle actin (-SMA) (1:100; Dako). Then, these uterine adenocarcinomas reported in English so far in sow; slides incubated with the primary antibody were reacted a 3-year-old crossbred Chester White-Hampshire-Duroc with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse sec- sow without metastases [15], and a 16-year-old Vietnamese ondary antibody (Histofine simplestain MAX-PO(M) kit; pot-bellied pig with visceral metastases [5]. Detailed patho- Nichirei, Tokyo, Japan), and positive reactions were visual- logical examinations such as immunohistochemistry were ized with 3, 3’-diaminobebzidine as chromogen. Mouse not made for these cases. We encountered a sow bearing a non-immune serum instead of the primary antibodies served uterine adenocarcinoma. Because uterine adenocarcinoma as negative control. Sections were counterstained lightly is extremely rare in sow [15], in the present study we exam- with hematoxylin. ined histopathological and immunohistochemical character- Histopathologically, neoplastic proliferation of epithelial istics of this case. cells, arranged in acinar, ductular, cystic and solid growth A 10-year-old sow (47.3 kg body weight) of the miniature patterns, was seen diffusely or focally in the uterus, mainly pig strain, kept in the Adventure World Zoo (Wakayama, in the endometrium. The acinar, ductular and cystic struc- Japan) as an exhibit, was found dead after several weeks of tures were rimmed by irregularly mono- or multilayered, inappetence and gradual deterioration of body condition. flattened, cuboidal or columnar cells; these neoplastic cells The sow had never farrowed. At necropsy, the right horn of showed prominent cellular pleomorphism and lost polarity, the uterus was markedly enlarged with irregularly small being sometimes desquamated into the lumina (Fig. 3). Fur- nodular lesions, whitish to yellow in color and up to 1 cm in thermore, the neoplastic cells had nuclei with irregularly diameter, in the thickened wall (Fig. 1), and the dispersed or condensed chromatin and prominent nucleoli, endometrium had variously-sized cysts containing brownish apparently eccentric nuclei. Mitotic figures were occasion- fluid. Multiple nodules, up to 2 cm in diameter and pale tan ally seen. Some neoplastic cells had vacuoles in the cyto- or yellow in color, were found in the lungs and liver (Fig. 2). plasm, reacting positively to PAS and alcian blue stains; this The right kidney was contracted. Tissues from the uterus, indicated mucin production. Similar neoplastic prolifera- lungs, liver, ovaries and kidneys were fixed in 10% neutral tion was also seen deep in the thickened wall (smooth mus- buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, cut at 4 m in cle layers) of the uterus and ovaries, indicating invasive thickness and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE); growth into surrounding tissues. Metastatic lesions, seen in some sections were stained with alcian blue (pH 2.5), Azan- the lungs and liver as multiple nodules, exhibited the same Mallory and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains. For immu- morphologic features of neoplastic cells as seen in the nohistochemistry, following primary monoclonal antibodies uterus. Necrosis and dystrophic calcification were sporadi- were used: anti-pan-cytokeratin (CK) (predilution; Dako, cally seen in the uterus and ovaries. No squamous differen- tiation of neoplastic cells was seen in any lesions. *CORRESPONDENCE TO: YAMATE, J., Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells gave a strong pos- University, 1–58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598–8531, itive reaction to three different anti-CK antibodies (pan-CK, Japan. CK19 and AE1/AE3) (Fig. 4), and occasional neoplastic e-mail: [email protected] cells reacted to vimentin (Fig. 5). Intriguingly, collagen 254 H. M. GOLBAR ET AL. Fig. 1. Neoplastic enlargement of the uterus in a geriatric sow, with small whitish nodular lesions (arrows) on the cut surface of the wall. Bar =0.5 cm. Fig. 2. Whitish metastatic lesions (arrow) seen in the cut surface of the liver. Bar =0.5 cm. Fig. 3. Neoplastic epithelial cells, arranged as an irregularly lining layer or desquamated in the lumen, in the des- moplastic tissues (asterisks) in uterus; cellular pleomorphism and nuclear atypia are seen in these neoplastic cells. HE stain. Bar =100 m. Fig. 4. Multilayered, cuboidal neoplastic epithelial cells forming irregular acini seen in the uterus; these cells react strongly to cytokeratin (AE1/AE3). Immunohistochemistry. Bar =50 m. Fig. 5. Acini rimmed by neoplastic epithelial cells seen in the lung as a metastatic lesion. Some neoplastic epithe- lial cells react to vimentin (arrows), but there are also neoplastic cells which do not react to vimentin (arrow- heads). Immunohistochemistry. Bar =50 m. Fig. 6. Desmoplastic tissue in a metastatic lesion in the lung having many spindle cells reacting to -smooth muscle actin, indicating the presence of myofibroblasts (asterisk). Arrows indicate neoplastic epithelial cells forming acini. Immunohistochemistry. Bar =50 m. UTERINE ADENOCARCINOMA IN MINIATURE PIG 255 fiber proliferations, so-called desmoplasia, were often seen receptor stimulation which leads to endometrial hyperplasia around neoplastic cells in the primary and metastatic [2, 3, 7]; finally, the endometrial hyperplasia progresses lesions; such desmoplastic areas contained acinar and towards endometrial adenocarcinoma [8]. In the present ductular structures or sporadic solitary growth of neoplastic sow, cystic endometrial hyperplasia was seen. The endome- cells, giving an appearance of scirrhous carcinoma. The trial hyperplasia has been reported in dogs and cats as an desmoplastic areas were stained blue by the Azan-Mallory aging change, but the lesion has not been described to pre- methods, and spindle cells present in these areas reacted to dispose to develop endometrial adenocarcinomas [13]. The vimentin and -SMA (Fig. 6), suggestive of myofibroblas- anaplastic type of woman endometrial adenocarcinomas tic nature of desmoplastic cells [14]. Single neoplastic cell develops without hyperestrogenism [3]. The present sow or clusters of neoplastic cells forming ambiguous acini were was nulliparous, but there was no information on sex-hor- detected in the lymphoid vessels in the uterus, lungs, liver mone milieu. The etiology of uterine adenocarcinomas in and ovaries, indicating lymphogenic metastasis. The con- animals should be further investigated by accumulating tracted kidney was considered to be due to ureter obstruc- cases of uterine adenocarcinomas. Recently, miniature pigs tion by the enlarged uterus. have been housed as a laboratory animal or pet. There are Differential diagnoses should be made for adenocarcino- several breeds of miniature pigs such as Yucatan, Hanford mas generating from the ovaries, stomach and intestines, as and Sinclair in the United States, Gottingen in Europe, and well as for peritoneal malignant mesotheliomas. On Ohmini, CLAWN and NIBS in Japan [12]. They have char- necropsy, neoplastic large nodules suggestive of a primary acteristics of body weights ranging from 20 to 80 kg, and lesion were not found in the ovaries, stomach and intestines. longevity ranging from 10 to 15 years. It is important to Additionally, although peritoneal dissemination is charac- investigate non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions with age, teristic for ovarian adenocarcinomas [4] and malignant to establish the biological properties of the pig strain. mesotheliomas [1], metastatic lesions in the serosa of abdominal organs and the peritoneum were not found in the REFERENCES present sow. Histopathological characteristics of the current uterine tumor were corresponding generally to those of the 1. Baker, P. M., Clement, P. B. and
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