DECEMBER 1990 149

TRANSFER OF THE SUBGENUS D!Kt!Y’ FROM HQ-?ltW’ TO SABETHES AND DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE SPECIES, IM- PETR0CCHX4lZ (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)’

RALPH E. H~RBACH AND E. L. PEYTON~

Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Deparfment of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100

ABSTRACT. The subgenusDavismyia is transferredfrom the genusweomyia to the genusSabethes and the type species,originally named Miamyiapetrocchiae, is describedand illustratedin the adult, larval and pupal stages.

INTRODUCTION of the subgenusSabethoides, and thosewithout as mem- bers of Sabethinus. The neotropicalgenus Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidyis The genusSabethes, as we currently interpret it, in- a paragon of beauty among the genera of mosquitoes. cludesall of thosespecies of the tribe Sabethiniin the New Though thesebrightly colored mosquitoesequal the Mor- World which in the adult stagehave broad, overlapping, pho butterfliesin beauty,they are not so innocuous.Over brilliant metallic colored scalescovering the scutum,and the years, severalstudies have shownthat speciesof this in the larval stage have the maxillary palpus and cardo genusare involvedwith virus maintenanceand transmis- completelyfused with the body of the maxilla. The larval sion in the wild. Sabethes chloropterus (von Humboldt), maxilla also bears a large terminal rigid clawlike process for example,has repeatedlybeen found infected with St. and a reduced maxillary brush composedof individual Louis encephalitisvirus (Galindo et al. 1959) and it is flexiblefilaments. Larvae of the genusJohnbelkinia Zavor- knownto harboryellow fever and Ilheusviruses in Central tink alsohave the palpusand cardo fused with the maxillary America (de Rodaniche et al. 1957, de Rodaniche and body,but the maxillarybrush is representedby a bundleof Galindo 1957). This speciesis also known to transmit agglutinatedor fusedfdaments which is much longer than virus to man (Galindo et al. 1956,de Rodan- the terminal process. We are unaware at this time of iche et al. 1959). features that reliably distinguishthe pupae of Sabethes Studiesof diseaseecology involving Sabethes mosqui- from thoseof other sabethinegenera. toes are extremely limited becausethe speciesare poorly Through a series of coincidental observationsmade knownand difficult to identify accurately with existingkeys during complementarystudies of the genera and speciesdescriptions. This problem is further exacer- and Sabethes (Harbach and Peyton 1990), we discovered bated by the lack of a soundsystem of internal classifica- that the type speciesof the subgenusDavismyia of Wyeo- tion andbecause the limitsof the genusare poorly defined. myia possessesthe adult and larval characterswhich are The genushas not been revisedsince Lane and Cerqueira synapomorphicfor Sabethes. This species,originally de- (1942) and Lane (1953), and their conceptsand classifica- scribedas Miamyia petrocchiae by Shannonand de1Ponte tion of the genusare basedentirely upon adult character- (1928), differsfrom all other speciesof Sabethes in bearing istics.These authorsdistinguished three subgenerawithin prealar setae. We believethat the presenceof thesesetae the genusbased on the statesof only two characters:(1) and a lack of knowledgeof the immature stagesled Lane the presenceor absenceof upper proepisternalsetae, and and Cerqueira (1942) to regardpetrocchiae asa speciesof (2) the presence or absenceof white markings on the Wyeomyia rather than one of Sabethes. Ironically, these midtarsus. They defined the subgenusSabethes as that authors noted the presence of metallic colored scutal groupof specieswhich lacks upper proepisternalsetae and scalesas insabethes andproposed the subgenusDavismyia placedthose species which possess these setae into either based on this character. Since petrocchiae is the only Sabethoides Theobald or Sabethinus Lutz dependingon speciesof Sabethes known to possessprealar setae,we also whether or not they have white scalingon the midtarsus. recognizeDavismyia as a valid taxon within this genus. They defined thosespecies with white scalingas members The subgenusDavismyia previouslyincluded four nomi- nal species.In additiontopetrocchiae, Lane and Cerqueira (1942) also includedschnusei Martini and arborea Gal- ‘The views of the authorsdo not purport to reflect the viewsof the indo, Carpenter and Trapido. Wyeomyia ininicola was Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. describedand tentativelyplaced in this subgenusby Fau- aReprint requests: Walter Reed BiosystematicsUnit, Museum ran and Pajot (1974). Wyeomyia schnusei is virtually SupportCenter, SmithsonianInstitution, Washington, DC 20560. 150 MOSQUITOSYEXEMATIC~ VOL. 22. No. 3 unknown and the unique type specimenis lost (Belkin TAXONOMIC TREATMENT 1971), but based on the original description (Martini 1931a) it seemslikely that this nominal speciesactually GenusSabethes Robineau-Desvoidy representsa speciesof Sabethes. Both arborea and inini- cola appear to represent distinctspecies of Wyeomyia as SubgenusDavismyia Lane and Cerqueira currently defmed. Although we are uncertain of the subgenericplacement of ininicola, we know that Sabethes Hjeomyia,’ subgenusDavismyia Lane and Cerqueira, carrilloi Sutil 0. and Pulido F. is consubgenericwith 1942:582. Orthotype: Miamyia petrocchiae Shannon arborea, andthese two species,along with tarsata Lane and and de1Ponte. Cerqueira of the subgenusDendromyia Theobald, appear to representa distinctphyletic line within the genusWyeo- Davismyia currently standsas a monotypic subgenus myia. At present, we are retaining both schnusei and within the genusSabethes. Its affinities are unknown. ininicola in the genus Wyeomyia without subgenericas- Salient features include the presenceof prealar setae in signment. adults;the placementof seta4-C farther lateral in relation Presentknowledge of the genusSabethes is very incom- to seta l-C, the highly reduced maxillary brush, and the plete. Only slightlymore than half of the currentlyrecog- lateral position of seta 8-T between 7-T and the pleural nized speciesare known in the adult, larval and pupal setalgroup in the larva;and the long seta5-111 in the pupa. stages,and many new speciesremain to be described.The These traits may prove to be diagnosticfor the subgenus subgenericclassification of the genusby Lane and Cer- oncethe variousspecies of the other subgeneraof Sabethes queira (1942) and Lane (1953) is unnaturaland cannotbe are better known. revised without careful considerationof the immature stages.With solittle knownabout the immaturestages and Sabethes (Davismyia) petrocchiae (Shannonand de1 the internal classificationof the genus,it would be prema- Ponte) ture to characterizethe subgenusDavismyia and its type speciesby way of comparisonwith currently recognized petrocchiae Shannonand de1 Ponte, 1928:94(Miamyia). taxa. It follows that anything said about phylogenetic Type female: Race, Tucuman, Argentina (non-ex- relationshipswould be meaningless. Consequently,the tant). subgenericand speciestreatments given below are de- monoleua Martini, 1931b:116(Miamyia). Holotype fe- scriptive rather than diagnosticand are presented for male: SanJose (Formosa), Argentina (SMNS). Syn- heuristicreasons only. Sabethespetrocchiaeis describedin onymy with petrocchiae by Lane and Cerqueira detail in the adult, larval and pupal stagesin order to 1942583. facilitate further studyand comparisonwith other species within the genus.A few salientfeatures of thisspecies are Wyeomyia (Davismyia) petrocchiae of Lane and Cerqueira usedto characterizethe subgenus. 1942:536,582, 583 (Brazil, Paraguay; syn., 9); Duret The terminology and abbreviationsrecommended by 1950:313 (Argentina;list, syn., toll. rec.); Lane 1953867, Harbach and Knight (1980,1982) are usedin the descrip- 936 (Argentina,Brazil, Paraguay;syn., info. on type, 9); tionsand illustrations. Names for specializedstructures of Lane andCausey 1955:12-14 (Brazil; d*, L*, P*); Belkin the male genitaliaand the systemof referencefor elements et al. 1968:11,19(Argentina; info. on type, L bionomics of seta1-S of the larval siphonare takenfrom other sources note); Peyton et al. 1983: 67, 69 (Bolivia; toll. rec., A (see Harbach and Peyton 1990). Use of the letter abbre- bionomics) . viationsproposed by Belkin et al. (1970) for the gonostylar Wyeomyia (Dendromyia) petrocchiae of Lane 1939:146 lobesin males of Wyeomyia is provisionalonly and is not (Argentina, Brazil; list, lit. sum.,distr.). intended to reflect establishedhomologies between spe- Wyeomyia (Wyeomyia) petrocchiae of Lane 1937:125 (Bra- ciesof Sabethes and Wyeomyia. The gonostylarlobes are zil; ~011.rec.); de1Ponte and Cerqueira 1938:227-228 variouslydeveloped and provide excellentspecies specific (Brazil; A, tax.); Prosen et al. 1%3:77 (Bolivia; A, ~011. characters;however, uniform positioningof the gonostyli rec.). are necessaryfor accurateinterpretation of structureand Wyeomyia petrocchiae of Lane 1936:9(Brazil; A bionom- correct speciesdetermination. We recommendthe man- its note); Roberts et al. 1984345 (misspelledaspetroc- ner of positioningillustrated in this paper. ciae) (Bolivia; A bionomics). Miamyiapetrocchiae of Dyar 192866 (Brazil; 9); Shannon 1930:498(Argentina; list); de1Ponte 1939:540(Brazil; A); Stone and Knight 1957:126 (erroneous info. on type). Wyeomyia (Wyeomyia) arthrostigma in part of Edwards 193284 (syn.). Miamyia (Miamyia) arthrostigma in part of da CostaLima DECEMBER 1990 151

1930:191-194(Brazil; syn. of petrocchiae with arthros- distally on dorsal surface. Femora dark-scaleddorsally, tigma Lutz, 1905:d, 9 keys,A). pale-scaled(whitish) ventrally; forefemur length2.38-2.88 Wyeomyia (Davismyia) monoleua of Belkin et al. 1968:11, mm (mean 2.66 mm), about 1.2 length of proboscis; 18 (Argentina; info. on type, L bionomicsnote). midfemur longer than forefemur, length 2.50-2.95 mm Wyeomyia monoleua of Belkin 1968:41(info. on type). (mean 2.73 mm); hindfemur shorter than both forefemur Wyeomyia monoleuca [lapsusfor monoleua] of Mattingly and midfemur, length 1.85-2.20 mm (mean 2.01 mm). 1955:28 (info. on type). Fore- and midtibiae entirely dark-scaled;hindtibia nar- rowly pale-scaled ventrally, essentiallysame length as Female. Head: Eyes slightlyseparated between frons hindfemur. Fore- and hindtarsi entirely dark-scaled, and vertex. Vertex, occiput and postgenacovered with midtarsuswith white scaleson ventral surface of tarso- broad decumbentscales, ocular line without scales;scales meres3 and 4, distallyon 2 and sometimesproximally on of vertex and occiputpale goldenwith brilliant violet and 5; hindtarsomere1 longer than either hindfemur or -tibia, blue iridescence,occiput with transverserow of narrow length 2.13-2.55 mm (mean 2.39 mm). Ungues dark. semierecttruncate scales at backof head,scales of postgena Abdomen: Terga mainly dark-scaledwith metallic blue silvery. Ocular setaedark, rather inconspicuousand close reflections;sterna and lateral marginsof terga pale-scaled to margin of compoundeye; 2 prominentgolden interocu- (dirty white to slightlyyellow), lateral pale scalingof terga lar setaeproject well forward. Clypeusand frons without slightlyproduced toward midline, particularlyon terga IV scalesand setae,with densecovering of fine white aculeae and V; anterior margin of tergum I lined with pale setae (pubescence). Antenna 1.65-2.00 mm (mean 1.84 mm), (no scaleson this area) but otherwise with scalinglike verticilateas usual but flagellarwhorls with longsetae as in other terga. Genitalia (Fig. lG-K): Tergum VIII longest males;pedicel with coveringof fine white aculeaeand few in middle,posterior margin slightlyconvex, all but narrow inconspicuousfme pale setae on mesa1surface; flagello- anterior area coveredwith scales,posterior margin lined mere 1 with some inconspicuousbroad dark scaleson with setae, longest setae in most posterior row, scales dorsomesalmargin. Proboscisshorter than forefemur, mixed with setae. Sternum VIII shortest in middle, length2.03-2.32 mm (mean 2.19 mm), with narrow,incon- posteriormargin distinctly concave, rather broadposterior spicuousstreak of pale scalesat midlength on ventral area coveredwith setae,setae shorter, denser and extend- surface;labellar basal setaelong, pale. Maxillary palpus ing further basadin middle, scalesborne anterior to setae short,length 0.33-0.48mm (mean 0.40 mm); dark-scaled. but absentfrom rather broad area along anterior margin. Thorcrx:Dorsum and pleura with densecovering of over- Tergum IX, insula, postgenitallobe, and cerci densely lappingbroad spatulatescales, pleural integumentbrown. spiculate;tergum IX narrow, very slightlyemarginate in Scutumand scutellumcovered with metallicgreenish gold middle of posteriormargin, with 2,3(2) setaeon either side to gold scales(green in fresh specimens),small bare area of midline;insula longer than broad, slightlynarrowed and at center of prescutellararea; anterior promontorywith 3- roundeddistally, with slightdepression along midline and 5 shortgolden setae on either sideof middle,scutellar and 8 tiny setaein irregularrow on either side;postgenital lobe supraalarsetae well developed,golden; mesopostnotum flattenedin dorsal-ventralplane, longer than cerci,slightly without scales,with clusterof 5-8 yellowishsetae, integu- narroweddistally and emarginateat tip, distal0.5 of dorsal ment brown. Antepronota well developed and closely surfacewith row of 4,5(4) short setae on either side of approximated,each with close-setvertical row of lo-14 midline, distal 0.5 of ventral surface completely covered golden setae, covered with golden scaleswith brilliant with setae; cercusborne obliquely in relation to sagital violet reflections like scalesof vertex and occiput;post- plane of body, appearing2-segmented in dorsalview but pronotum and pleura with somewhattransparent metallic segmentsweakly demarcated,distal segmentlarger, flat- silver scales;no scaleson lower proepisternum,lower tened and concave-convex,inner surface concave,both anterior margin of mesokatepisternum,mesomeron, pos- inner and outer surfacessetose on distal 0.5. terior margin of mesepimeron,metapleuron, or metamer- Male. Smaller than female, otherwise differing as on. Pleural setaevery paleyellow: 2,3 upperproepisternal, follows. Head: Eyes contiguousbetween frons andvertex. l-3 prespiracular,l-3 prealar, 2-4 lower mesokatepister- Occiput without transverserow of semierect scalespos- nal, and lo-14 upper mesepimeralwhich project to mar- teriorly. Proboscispale-scaled on proximal 0.7 of ventral ginalarea of mesopostnotum.wing: Length3.58-4.20 mm surface,distinctly white-scaled 0.3-0.7 from base. Legs: (mean 3.90 mm); entirely dark-scaled,scales with metallic Entirely dark-scaled, midtarsuswithout white scaleson blue reflections; alula with very fine setae on margin tarsomeres2-4. Abdomen: Lateral pale scalingof terga distally;upper and lower calypterswithout setae. Halter: not produced toward midline. Genitalia (Fig. lA-F): Scabellumwithout scales,integument pale; pedicel and Tergum and sternum IX fused laterally, forming a com- capitellumdark-scaled. Legs: Generally dark-scaledwith plete ring of sclerotization;tergum IX lobes widely sepa- metallic blue reflections;without “paddles.” Coxae with ratedby narrow bridge,each with 8-ll(9) flattenedsetae in silvery scales like those of pleura, postprocoxalscales double row. Gonocoxite elongate, somewhat spindle- absent. Trochantersmainly pale-scaled,with dark scales shaped,broadest in middle and taperingtoward eachend;

DEcE~~I~ER1990 153 tergolateral margin between 3 long tergomesalsetae (= curvedto straightin dorsalview;4-6,13,15-C single, simple; tergal triad of Belkin et al. 1970) and gonostyluswith 4 or 4-C on line slightlylaterad of 1-C; 9-C inserted on line 5 rows of short setae, distal 0.6 of lateral and sternal drawn about hallway between basesof seta 10 and most surfacescovered with small spatulatescales, sternomesal anterior margin of slit of occipital foramen; 15-C long, surfacefrom level of basalmesal lobe to apexwith short extendingjust beyond anterior margin of head, inserted setae,mesal surfaceproduced in middle at level of basal conspicuouslycephalad of 14-C near anterior margin of mesallobe; basalmesal lobe roughlytriangular in shape, labiogula. Antenna: Short, cylindrical,length about 0.22 covered with short needlelike setae and bearing 2 large mm. Seta 1-A single, about 0.2 from apex. Thorax: setaeat caudolateralmargin, more sternalof 2 large setae Integument hyaline, smooth. Setae 5-7-P on common borne on thickenedcurved armlike process(not evidentin basalplate; 10-P rather short,about 0.6 lengthof 9-P, with figure). Gonostylusabout 0.8 length of gonocoxite;stem 6-9 aciculatebranches. Seta 7-M anterior to 5,6-M, small narrow and slightly bent sternad, about same length as and rather inconspicuous,single to triple, more often head; head as figured, with 5 lobes developed: lobe M single;8-M well developed,nearly aslong as7-P, with 3-6 relativelylarge and sternalin position,apex with membra- aciculatebranches. Seta 8-T borne laterallybetween bases nous projecting ridge on mesa1side and curved row of of 7-T and metapleuralsetal group; 13-T about0.75 length short digiform setae beside row of severalfine setae on of thorax, with 4-8 branches. Abdomen: Integument lateral side, mesal surfacewith an elongate proximally- hyaline,smooth. Seta 1-I mesadof seta2, l-II-VII laterad directed processnear base,sternal margin of this process of seta2, l-VII unmodified;10-I far laterad of seta 13; 7- with a densecovering of rather longhairlike spicules;lobe 11,111in line with or mesadof seta9; 4-111,IVmesad of seta B a small coiled processarising from mesa1side at proxi- 1, between this seta and seta 2; all setae of segmentVII mal end of lobe M, distally flattened and pectunculate; borne on dorsaland lateral surfaces.Segment T/III: Comb lobe C a long flexible recurvedarm with a small patch of with 16-22 scalesin uneven single or partially double very short hairlike spiculeson elbow and a brushlikecol- curved row, individual scales short and spinelike with lection of rather long hairlike spiculesat apex; lobe E minute inconspicuousspicules at sidesnear base. Seta 4- elongatewith sternal margin bearing a notched ridge on VIII well caudalto setae3 and 5, singleto triple. Siphon: mesalside and a parallel row of flattened flexible acumi- Index 5.2-6.9 (widthmeasured at midlength);short, widest nate processeson lateral side;lobe A arisingat baseof lobe at base, slightlytapering distally; lightly tanned and un- E andprojecting tergolaterad of it, with a singleshort stout adorned. Pectencomprised of midventralrow of approxi- anchor-shapedseta borne on tergolateral margin before mately 40 close-setfilamentous spiculesbeginning well apex. Aedeagusbroad, width about 0.75 length, widest abovebase and endingwell before apex of siphon,length point near middle; with submediantergal armsjoined at of spiculesabout sameas diameter of siphonat midlength. midline to form a narrow median tergal bridge; apical Seta 1-S borne laterally about 0.4 from base of siphon, tergal armsfused and forming an apicaltergal bridge with singleor double,usually single, length about twice diame- a small median tubercle;median sternal plate small and ter of siphonat point of attachment;la,2a-S each repre- rather membranous.Proctiger (in lateralview) with trian- sentedby only one seta, la-S singleor double, about 0.1 gular basal sclerotization (tergum X) attached at right from apex of siphon, length nearly twice diameter of angle to base of paraproct; paraproct with apex slightly siphon at point of attachment; 2a-S double or triple, enlarged,bearing several ill-defined teeth and 3-6 short located slightly farther from apex of siphon than la-S, cereal setae. lengthless than diameterof siphonat point of attachment; Larva (Fig. 2). Character and positionsof setae as 2-S laterally compressed,slightly sinuate, pointed and figured; numbersof branchesin Table 1. Head: Wider about as long as width of apex of siphon. Segment X: than long; length about 0.8 mm; width about 0.9-1.0 mm; Saddlesmall, length about 0.2 mm, borne on distal0.6 of moderately and evenly tanned. Maxilla (Fig. 3C,D) with dorsal surface,not extendingto lateral midline; siphon/ distinctiveshape and very long cylindrical,mesally curved, saddleindex 4.4-5.2. Setae 1,3,4-X all very long, length apicalprocess with blunt tip; maxillarybrush represented about twice length of siphon;1,4-X single,1-X borne on by an extremely minute seta(only alveolusshown in figure) caudolateralcorner of saddle,4-X without basalsupport located dorsolaterally about 0.25 above base of apical plate; 3-X singleor double,borne on small basalsupport process. Mandible as figured (Fig. 3E). Dorsomentum plate with seta2; 2-X with 3-5 branchesof different length, with 5 or 6 primary teeth on either side of prominent longestbranch about 0.7 length of seta 3. Anal papillae mediantooth, primary teeth progressivelylonger laterally, subequalin length, sausage-shaped,about as long as si- mostlateral tooth nearly aslong as median tooth. Anterior phon. margin of labiogulawith fine teeth on either side;hypo- Pupa (Fig. 3A,B). Character and positionsof setaeas stomal suture complete, nearly straight and essentially figured;numbers of branchesin Table 2. Cephalothorax: parallel with longitudinalaxis of head; occipitalforamen Lightly tanned, scutumslightly darker. Seta l-CT long, with dorsolateralslitlike extensionon either side,margin double, sigmoid;5-CT about 0.6 length of l-CT, only heavily tanned; collar absent. Seta 1-C stout, slightly slightlylonger than7-CT, double or triple; lo-12-CT each I.54 SY!TIEMATICS VoL.22,No.3

Sa. (Dav.) petrocchiae

LG

Fig. 2. Subethes(Duviknyiu)petmcchiae, fourth-instar larva. A, Head (dorsal and ventral aspects of left side). B, Anterior margin of labiogula. C, Dorso mentum. D, Thorax and abdominal segments I-VI (dorsal andventral aspects of left side). E, Abdominal segments VII-X (left siide). F, Comb Scales in mm. DECEMBER 1990 155

Table 1. Number of branchesfor fourth&star larval setaeof Sabethes(Davismyia) petrocchiae (three specimens).

Seta Head Thorax Abdominal segments IlO. C P M T I II III

0 1 12-21 1 1 1 1 3,4(4) 33(2) 293 3-5(4) 1 1 2 1 1 1,2(l) 2,3(2) 1,2(l) 1,2(l) 3 1 2-4(3) 1 2,3(2) 1 1 1 4 1 6-12( 11) 1 293 3-5(4) 4,5(4) 1 5 1 1 1 2-4(2) 2,3(2) 3 2-4(3) 6 1 3-5(3) 1 l-3(2,3) 4,5(5) 3-6(4,5) 1 7 2,3(2) 9-15 l-3( 1) 6-15 5-7(5) 4,5(5) 5-9(6) 8 1,2(2) B-14( 14) 3-6(3,4) 5,6(5) 1 53 9 2 4-7(5) 3-6(4) 6-8(6) 1 1 1 10 53(2) 6-9 1 1 1 132 1,2(l) 11 2,3(3) 1 1 1,2(2) 3-5(3,4) 192 2-5(2) 12 2,3(2) l-4( 1,2) 1 1 1 1 13 1 9-q 12) 4-8(4,5) 2-5(3,4) 1,2(2) 2 14 l-3(2) l-4(3) 8-13( 12) 15 1

Seta Abdominal segments ll0. IV V VI VII VIII X

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,2(2) 1,2(l) 1,2(2) l-4(3) 5-7(5) 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3-5(3,4) 3 1 1 1 1 6,W) 192 4 1 4-6(4) 1,2(2) 1 l-3(2) 1 5 2,3(2) 233 2,3(2) 2,3(2) 1,2(l) 6 1,2(2) 1 1 4-7(5,6) 7 6-9(7) 5-8(S) 3-9(5) 1 8 l-3( 1,2) l-3(2) 7-9(8) 9-13(10) 1-s 1,2(l) 9 1 1 1 1,2(2) la-S 1,2(l) 10 1 2,3(2) 1,2(2) 1 2a-S 2,3(2) 11 2,3(3) 3-5(3) 6-10 2,3(2) 12 1 1 1,3(l) 2-4(2) 13 2 1,2(2) 13-16( 13)) 1,2(l) 14 1 15

progressivelylonger in numerical order, lO,ll-CT closer term, all single; 6-11single, slightly anterior to setae7 together than 11,12-CT. Tncmpet:Moderately and evenly and 9, significantlylonger than seta7, almostas long as5- tanned;short, rather stout,cylindrical, index2.9-3.1 (width 111,6-W presentand mesadof seta9; 3-IV far forward of measuredat midlength).Abdomen: Lightly to moderately seta 1, 3-V-W only slightly anterior to seta 1; &VI,VII tanned,anterior marginsof both terga and sternadarker; ventral and developednormally. Genital lobe: Lightly lengthabout 3.7-3.8 mm. Seta l-II,IV-VII mesadof seta3, tanned;length about 0.6 mm in male. Paddle: Length0.67- l-111in line with or laterad of seta3, usuallylaterad; 5-111 0.71 mm, width about 0.44 mm, index 1.5-1.6; minutely long, same length as 5-IV, about 1.5 length of following spiculateat tip. tergum, 5-V,VI longer, about twice length of following . The original descriptionof petrocchiaeis 156 MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS VOL. 22, No. 3

Sa. (Da v.1 petrocchiae

CT

ventral

dorsal

ventral

Fig. 3. Suberhes(Duvismyia)petrocchiae. A,B, Pupa (A, dorsolateral aspect of cephalothorax, left side); B, dorsal and ventral aspects of left side of metathorax and abdomen). C-E, Larval mouthparts, aspects as indicated (C,D, maxilla; E, mandible). Scales in mm. DECEMBERW~O 157

Table 2. Number of branchesfor pupal setaeof Sabethes (Davismyia) petrocchiae (two specimens).

Seta Cephalothorax Abdominal segments no. CT I II III IV

0 1 1 1 1 2 ca. 70 2 1 1,2(l) 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 V(l) 1 1 1 293 4 1,2 3 1 192 1,2(l) 5 293 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 7 l-3(2) 293 294 l-3(3) 2 8 1 2-4(3) 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1,4(l) 11 1 1 1 1 12 1,2(l) 13 14

Seta Abdominal segments Paddle no. V VI VII VIII xx P

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 2,3(2) 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 6 1 1 V(2) 7 2,3(2) 1 192 8 1,2(2) 3,5(3) 375 9 1 1 13 18-21 10 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 12 13 14 1

based on five females collected from three localities in this specimenbears a label inscribedwith “Vipos, Tut./ northwesternArgentina. The authors (Shannonand de1 3.V.27/R.C. Shannon”which clearly indicates that it is not Ponte 1928) gave the following information about these one of the specimensfrom the originaltype series.For this specimensbut did not indicatewhere theywere deposited: reason we hereby invalidate the holotype statusof this “Localidad del tipo: Tucuman (Race, 13.2.27,Shannon y specimen. None of the specimenslisted by Shannonand Del Ponte). Tambien se la ha encontradoen la Quebrada de1Ponte are locatedin the USNM. de Lules,Tut., (3.2.27) yen Zapla, Jujuy(10.4.27, Shannon Lane (1953) indicatedthat the “type” ofpetrocchiae was y Del Ponte).” Accordingto Stone and Knight (1957) the depositedin the InstituteBacteriologico de1 Departamento “holotype” is in the United StatesNational Museum, but National de Higiene (supersededby the InstitutoNational 158 MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS VOL. 22, No. 3 de Microbiologia) in BuenosAires, but the specimenis not Feb 1938,R.C. ShannonCoIIection, 69,2? genitaliaPSP]. there. One of us (ELP), with the assistanceof Diego J. Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Feb 1935, 19 (3304); Apr 1935,2? Carpintero (curator) and Richard C. Wilkerson, recently (3744,3745), 19 genitalia (3745) [FMSP]. Minas Gerais, examined and verified the presenceof severalmosquito [Passos?], lLePed, 18 genitalia (P202(1) [9378 ?] = type specimensin this institution,bur petrocchiae wasnot invalid ahotype of Lane and Causey 1955), lLePe& 18 one of them. According to J. Pedro Duret (personal genitalia(P199(1)) [FMSP]. Sao Paula, Coqueiros,IX-54, communication,JuIy 1990) the “type” was probably de- Duret 29 (5957,5959); 11-55, Duret, l? (5958); 9-X1-55, stroyedlong ago. Sincethere is only negativeevidence for Duret, 19 (5956) [NMNH]. PARAGUAY: Alto Parana, the existenceof any type specimensfor this species,we Hernandarias,12-VII-51, Duret 19 [NMNH]. San Pedro, considerthem to be non-extant. U.d. Rosario, 9-XI-55, Duret, 19 [NMNH]. Locality Although we have no doubt that the speciesdescribed unknown, 28,2i? genitalia(P.400-1, P.562-2) [NMNH]; 18, and illustrated in this study is conspecificwith the mos- ld genitalia (P.562-1) [BM]; 1Le (Lab. no. P64-2), 1L quito which Shannonand de1Ponte (1928) describedand (Lab. no. P223-1) [FMSP]. namedas Miamyiapetrocchiae, a primary type specimenis needed to fix the identity of this species.We considered ACKNOWLEDGMENTS the selectionof a neotype specimenfrom material avail- able to us from Argentina, but none of it wasindividually We are grateful to Prof. Oswald0Paulo Forattini, Fac- reared and is not suitableas type material. uldadede SaudePublica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, and Bionomics. Although petrocchiae has been collected Bruce Townsend,Natural History Museum, London, for and observedseveral times in four countries,there are few the loan of specimens;Bruce A. Harrison, Ronald A. publishedcomments on the bionomics of this species. Ward, and Richard C. Wilkerson, Walter Reed Army Shannonand de1Ponte (1928) cohectedfive femaleswhile Institute of Research (WRAIR) for commentingon the biting(man ?) andspeculated on the possiblelarval habitat manuscript;Taina Litwak (WRAIR) for preparing the by stating(translation ours): “This speciesalong with its illustrations;and James Pecor (WRAIR) for technical allies, very likely accomplishesthe habit of breeding in assistance. treeholes,especially in this casein which the specimens capturedwere in a heavilyforested region, where onlyvery REFERENCES CITED smalI bromehadsare found (Race).” Lane and Causey (1955) describedand illustrated the larva andpupa, but did Belkin, J.N. 1968. Mosquito studies(Diptera, Culicidae) not mention the habitat from which thesewere collected. IX. The type specimensof New World mosquitoesin Roberts et al. (1984) collected females biting humans Europeanmuseums. Contrib. Am. Entomol. Inst. 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