DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigation of the Crystallinity of the Modifications of Silica by Their IR-Reflectance Spectra A. Banerjee Infrared Reflectan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigation of the Crystallinity of the Modifications of Silica by Their IR-Reflectance Spectra A. Banerjee Infrared Reflectan zen 741 Investigation of the Crystallinity The IR-reflectance spectrum of chalcedony, which of the Modifications of Silica by their is a cryptocrystalline modification of silica, is very IR-Reflectance Spectra similar to that of quartz. Both of them show five peaks at or near 1176,1108, 800, 780 and 690 cm"1 with the A. Banerjee difference that the peaks at 780 and 800 cm-1 for Institut für Geowissenschaften - Edelsteinforschung, chalcedony are not as sharp as in the case of quartz. Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz In addition to that, an additional peak near 537 cm-1 Z. Naturforsch. 48a, 741-742 (1993); is found to occur in case of chalcedony. Similar differ- received March 26, 1993 ences were also found between the spectra of chalce- dony and jasper, a microcrystalline modification of Infrared reflectance spectroscopy has been used for the identification of the different modifications of silica and for silica. Jasper can be distinguished from chalcedony the determination of their crystallinity. with the help of a broad peak occurring between 497 and 452 cm"x. The IR-reflectance spectra of opals vary consider- Infrared reflectance spectroscopy is not as widely ably from those of quartz, chalcedony and jasper. used as infrared transmission spectroscopy (KBr- According to [2] the structure of opals varies from Pellet-Method). The main advantage of the former almost perfect crystalline opal-CT, to nearly amor- method lies in the fact that it is non-destructive and phous opal-A. Accordingly, opal-CT can be distin- does not require any special sample preparation. The guished from opal-A with the help of their characteris- only requirement is that the sample has a flat and tic spectra. The two main peaks for opal-CT are at or polished surface. The IR-reflectance spectrum of a near 1107 and 480 cm-1, while those for opal-A are sample is homologous to its absorption spectrum, shifted to 1116 and 470 cm"1, according to the degree with the exception that certain peaks are shifted of crystallinity. Furthermore, the two peaks at 780 and minutely to longer or shorter wavenumbers. 800 cm - \ which are typical of quartz, chalcedony and The IR-reflectance spectrum of a single crystal is jasper merge to a single broad peak in the case of dependent on its structural orientation. Therefore opals. several spectra have to be measured for the different IR-reflectance spectroscopy is also very suitable for orientations of the single crystal. According to [1], the investigation of silica glasses. According to [3], amorphous materials and glasses, and also fine glasses show infrared spectra whose pattern changes grained polycrystalline materials if their grain size is with composition and progressive ordering. The two small relative to the area being measured, do of course prominant peaks of quartz occurring at or near 1176 not show these differences. and 1109cm-1 merge to a single peak at about The present paper demonstrates the application of 1088 cm-1 in the case of silica glasses and obsidians. IR-reflectance spectroscopy for the identification of Simultaneously, the peak between 800 and 780 cm-1 the different types of microcrystalline and amorphous becomes even broader than it is in the case of opals. modifications of silica. Moreover, it is observed that As far as the structural similarity is concerned, the there is a correlation between the crystallinity and the different modifications of silica consist of Si04-tetra- shape and intensity of certain particular bands in the hedra which are linked together at their corners. IR-spectra of the samples. According to [4], the peaks between 800 cm-1 and The spectra were measured using an FTIR-Spec- 780 cm "1 represent the ordered or disordered arrange- tralphotometer (Perkin-Elmer, Model 1760), equipped ment of the Si04-tetrahedra in the different modifica- with an accessory for the measurement of reflectance. tions of silica. As it has been shown in [5], the crys- The sample area used was 3 mm in diameter. All sam- tallinity and also the ordered arrangement of the ples were ground and highly polished before measure- Si04-tetrahedra decreases from quartz to obsidian ment. (glass) as follows: Reprint requests to Dr. A. Banerjee, Institut für Geowissen- quartz chalcedony opal-CT -»• opal-A schaften - Edelsteinforschung, Johannes-Gutenberg-Univer- sität Mainz, Mainz, FRG. -> obsidian (glass). 0932-0784 / 93 / 0500-0741 $ 01.30/0. - Please order a reprint rather than making your own copy. 742 Notizen 1500 1400 1200 1000 WAVENUMBER (cm'1 ) Fig. 2. Shift of the major peaks between 1180 and 1088 cm ~1 from quartz to obsidian (glass) according to the change in the degree of crystallininity. The shape and intensity of the two peaks at 800 and 780 cm-1 in the IR-reflectance spectra change gradu- OBSIDIAN ally from quartz to obsidian (glass) as the crystallinity decreases according to the sequence mentioned above (Figure 1). In addition to that, a systematic shift of peaks is noted between 1176 cm-1 and 1088 cm-1 from quartz to obsidian (glass) as the crystallinity of the samples gradually decreases (Figure 2). 900 800 600 500 -1 WAVENUMBER ( cm') [1] R. J. P. Lyons and E. A. Burns, Economic Geology 58, 274 (1963). Fig. 1. Gradual changes of the shape and intensity of the [2] J. B. Jones and E. R. Segnit, J. Geol. Soc. Austral. 18, 57 peaks between 500 and 800 cm-1 in the sequence quartz- (1971). chalcedony-opal-obsidian (a natural glass). Note also that [3] R. J. P. Lyons, NASA-Technical Note D-1871 (1963). -1 the peak at 690 cm , which is quite prominent in the case [4] R. G. Milkey, Amer. Min. 45, 990 (1960). of quartz, becomes gradually broader from opal to obsidian. [5] I. I. Plyusnina, Sov. Phys. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 24, 332 (1979). Nachdruck — auch auszugsweise — nur mit schriftlicher Genehmigung des Verlages gestattet Verantwortlich für den Inhalt: A. KLEMM Satz und Druck: Konrad Triltsch. Würzburg .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reflecting on the Moche Past 2000 Years of Mirrors in Andean Art
    Reflecting on the Moche Past 2000 Years of Mirrors in Andean Art Reflecting on the Moche Past Mirror Frame Moche, Loma Negra, Peru, AD 500-800 Gilded copper/bronze H. 9 ¼ in. W 5 in. irrors, useful for seeing one’s own image, or for reflecting light, are a commonplace today. But in ancient M times pooled water was the only readily available reflective surface. Artificial mirrors could be made only by processing rare natural substances or forging new man-made materials. Vanity is a universal human trait, and ancient peoples undoubtedly sought to admire their own faces, coiffures, and bodies. Numerous ceramic vessels portray individuals with elaborate coiffures or using pincers (tweezer-like tools) to pluck facial hair. At least two ceramic vessels portray women holding small black disks – presumably mirrors - up to their faces. After the con- quest, Garcilaso de la Vega wrote about mirrors: "Los espejos en que se miravan Las mugeres de LA sangre real eran de Plata muy brunida y Las comunes en acofar [The mirrors in which the women of royal blood looked were of highly polished silver; commoners used bronze mirrors]" libro II cap xxxviii. But pre-Columbian mirrors were undoubtedly used for purposes far more significant than facilitating personal adornment. Mirrors made by labori- ously mining, shaping, and grinding dark, shiny minerals were exchanged over long distances, incorporated in public and private rituals, and sometimes were buried with the dead. Today’s mirrors are made from glass or plastic sheets coated with silver or an- other reflective material. While glass was never manufactured in the ancient Americas, dark volcanic glass – obsidi- an – was sometimes ground flat and polished to produce a reflective sur- face.
    [Show full text]
  • OPAR CFP Advances in the Studies of Obsidian Sources and Artifacts Of
    THE BLACK GOLD THAT CAME FROM THE SEA. ADVANCES IN THE STUDIES OF OBSIDIAN SOURCES & ARTIFACTS OF THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN AREA COORDINATING EDITORS Franco Italiano, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Italy. Franco Foresta Martin, Laboratorio Museo di Scienze della Terra Isola di Ustica, Palermo, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Italy. Maria Clara Martinelli, Polo Regionale delle Isole Eolie per i siti culturali, Parco Archeologico e Museo Luigi Bernabò Brea, Lipari, Messina, Italy. DESCRIPTION Open Archaeology invites manuscripts for the Special Issue on The Black Gold That Came from the Sea. Advances in the Studies of Obsidian Sources and Artifacts of the Central Mediterranean Area. This Special Issue collects most of the contributions presented at the international workshop on the same subject which took place in Palermo, Italy, on 10-12 June 2019. The topics are: archaeometric studies of obsidian sources and artifacts; new methods of obsidian sources discrimination; genesis of the Central Mediterranean obsidian outcrops exploited during the Prehistory; obsidians as an edutainment tool; a section is dedicated to studies of characterization of ancient glasses. HOW TO SUBMIT The authors are kindly invited to submit their contribution via online submission system Editorial Manager available at http://www.editorialmanager.com/opar/ It is important that authors include a cover letter with their manuscript, making it clear that the manuscript is dedicated to Special Issue on The Black Gold That Came from the Sea. Advances in the Studies of Obsidian Sources and Artifacts of the Central Mediterranean Area. The cover letter should explicitly state that the manuscript (or one with substantially the same content, by any of the authors) has not been previously published in any language anywhere and that it is not under simultaneous consideration or in press by another journal.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to Christ Church Cathedral's 'How Did They Do That?' Family Trail
    Welcome to Christ Church Cathedral’s ‘How Did They Do That?’ Family Trail Christ Church has teamed up with local makers to create a fascinating self-guided trail which explores the huge amount of work and the many materials and methods that were used to create the Cathedral building and its priceless collection of artefacts. Ever wondered how to make stone look like fur, how to carve wood or the secret to making coloured glass? Here’s your chance to find out, with help from the ex- perts. You can follow this trail in any order you like around the Cathedral. Directions to each object can be found at the start of each section. Where to find Chapel of St things... Laud North Quire South Transept Transept Crypt Entrance Carved pulpit Strongbow’s Entrance Tomb Baptistery Welcome Desk Stained Glass Windows These can be found all over the Cathedral — just look up! Stained glass windows tell stories. They were originally used to teach people who couldn’t read about the Bible. With sunlight shining through them, casting bright colours around the Cathedral, they provided quite a show. Almost like an early form of cinema, before films were even thought of… What is glass and how is it made? Glass is basically molten sand (silica). As obsidian it occurs naturally in volcanos. About 7,000 years ago people discovered that by adding soda ash or potash and lime to sand they could melt it themselves at a much lower temperature. How can you make different coloured glass? Coloured glass is produced by adding min- erals or metal oxides to the glass mix.
    [Show full text]
  • Rock and Mineral Eggs
    Rock and Mineral Eggs Pisolithic limestone is a sedimentary rock made of pisoids, which are concretionary grains usually made of calcium carbonate. They generally resemble ooids but are larger than 2 mm in diameter and can reach up to 10 mm in diameter. The grains are approximately spherical and have concentric layers. Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. It is produced when felsic lava from a volcano cools so rapidly that there is minimal crystal growth. The obsidian samples in the display are regular obsidian, snowflake obsidian, and brecciated obsidian. Some varieties of obsidian have inclusions of small, white, radially clustered crystals of cristobalite in the black glass, called snowflake obsidian. Brecciated obsidian is partially broken down and recrystallized pieces of obsidian in angular patterns. 3+ Epidote (Ca2Al2(Fe ;Al)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)) is easily identified by its characteristic yellowish green or pistachio colour. It is an important constituent of low- and medium-grade metamorphic rocks and occurs in large amounts in contact-metamorphosed limestones. Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2) is a dark to light blue mineral that commonly occurs with malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2). It forms when carbonated waters and copper minerals undergo a chemical reaction and can be identified by its effervescence with cold dilute HCl. Malachite is a mineral that can be distinguished by its green colour and typical banding. It effervesces in HCl and is a widespread secondary copper mineral. It occurs in the upper oxidized zones of copper deposits where limestone is present. Fluorite (CaF2) is a vitreous and transparent mineral that can vary in colour from clear to yellow, purple, blue, and even green.
    [Show full text]
  • Jackson's Auction
    Jackson's Auction Collector's Choice: Antiques & Collectibles Wednesday - September 19, 2012 Collector's Choice: Antiques & Collectibles 675: REED & BARTON STERLING SILVER FLATWARE, 148 PIECES USD 4,000 - 6,000 A LARGE 148 PIECE SET OF REED AND BARTON FRANCIS 1ST STERLING SILVER FLATWARE, MID 20TH CENTURY. Comprising 24 table knives, 24 table forks, 24 salad forks, 35 teaspoons, 13 cream soup spoons, 5 tablespoons, 12 individual butter knives and 11 various serving pieces. Contained in two fitted chests, not matching. Total weight approximately 194 troy oz. 676: DUTCH SILVER EPERGNE, 1853 USD 1,000 - 1,500 A VERY FINE DUTCH SILVER AND CUT CRYSTAL CENTERPIECE EPERGNE, 1853. Stamp hallmarks including "Z&B" probably for Pieter Zollner and William Beijoer (1849-1871) comprising a silver entwining stem with extending foliage supporting two scallop cut crystal trays below a tulip blossom finial raised on a scalloped floral repousse and chased bell form base. Additionally stamped "Pde Meyer te'Hage." Silver weight approximately 34.76 troy oz. Height 22.5 inches (57cm). 677: WALLACE ROSE POINT STERLING SILVER FLATWARE, 63 PIECES USD 1,200 - 1,800 A VERY FINE SET OF WALLACE ROSE POINT STERLING SILVER FLATWARE, MID 20TH CENTURY. 63 pieces comprising 10 each place knives, place forks and salad forks, 20 teaspoons, 10 individual butters, a gravy ladle, sugar shell and pastry server. All contained in a fitted mahogany chest with drawer. Weight approximately 60 troy oz. 678: A FINE CONTINENTAL SILVER BACCHANALIAN FOOTED BOWL USD 200 - 400 A FINE CONTINENTAL SILVER BACCHANALIAN FOOTED BOWL, 20TH CENTURY. With embossed and chased facial mask within hammered scalloped lobes and grape vine rim in deep relief.
    [Show full text]
  • Wire Groove-Wrapping a Stone
    WIRE GROOVE-WRAPPING A STONE By Garry Mahan How to turn your cabochons into simple, yet elegant pieces of jewelry Tools and materials used in this tutorial Grooving machine is Gold-filled wire Hobby Vise shown on next page 20 GA round, half- hard 21 GA half-round, half- hard Quilter’s rotary cutting mat 1/4” wooden dowel Plastic-coated needle- Wire cutters Uncoated needle- nose pliers nose pliers This is a grooving machine. It is a Gryphon Gryphette. It was originally designed to put the grooves in glass when working stained glass. This machine was purchased from eBay. Machine, 2 grooving grind- ers, and shipping costs totaled about $100. Grooving machine This is the grooving cutter/grinder currently mounted on the Gryphon Gryphette machine shown on previous photo. Diamond coating on edge of cutter/grinder Set screw You’re ready to start making your pendant. The first thing to do is select a stone. Pick a good quality cabo- chon. The purpose of wire wrapping is to showcase the stone, not necessarily the wire. A quality stone wrap always begins with a quality stone. This stone is dendritic jasper from Burro Creek, AZ. Use a soft touch. Hold stone with flat side down and turn on grooving machine to make the groove. It is best to make 4 to 6 passes around the stone to prevent chipping and prevent diamond from “wiping” off the diamond-coated grinding wheel. Woof! Putting the groove in the cabochon Measure the distance around your cab and cut a length of round 20 GA gold- filled wire.
    [Show full text]
  • Gems and Minerals in the Mcferrin Fabergé Collection
    GEMS AND MINERALS IN THE MCFERRIN FABERGÉ COLLECTION: A STUDY Presented by Christel McCanless,Annemiek Wintraecken, and Tim Adams Fabergé International Symposium Houston, Texas January 31, 2013 Organic Materials from Trees and the Oceans Gems and Minerals Mined from the Earth Rock Stars Demonstration Team, Houston Museum of Natural Science Tours – Cullen Hall of Gems & Minerals and the Smith Gem Vault, Docents All illustrations are courtesy of the Artie and Dorothy McFerrin Collection, unless otherwise noted. Fabergé Sorting Loose Stones ca. 1915 • 1908 Lapidary workshop at 44 Angliskii Prospekt, St. Petersburg, employing 30 craftsmen by 1912. • Hardstone animals and Russian folkloristic figures are not always marked Fabergé, unless they have added gold or silver decorations. • Study goals: Gem and mineral identification and discovery of historical details. Brown Agate, 18 ct. gold, diamondeyes, Zarnitza Sailor H.W. Henrik Wigström (1862-1923) (Virginia Museum of FineArts) (The Hodges Family Collection) Research Clues: London Sales Ledgers, October 14, 1913 Milky White Agate, Onyx or Chalcedony? I. Organic Materials from Trees and the Oceans Karelian Birch – Hard wood with bulbous growth, caused by a genetic defect of a tree growing in a sub-arctic climate Silver Birch Insights on the Appliques: (Wikipedia) Possibly a present from a woman closely connected to the man on the photo, perhaps a soldier going back to the battlefield after a vacation in July 1915 … Presented by Lyusya Messalineta, possibly a diminutive version of name Messalina,
    [Show full text]
  • Obsidian Butterfly
    Obsidian Butterfly by Laurell K. Hamilton Book 9 of the Anita Blake Vampire Hunter Series Chapter 1 I WAS COVERED in blood, but it wasn't mine, so it was okay. Not only was it not my blood, but it was all animal blood. If the worst casualties of the night were six chickens and a goat, I could live with it, and so could everyone else. I'd raised seven corpses in one night. It was a record even for me. I pulled into my driveway at a quarter 'til dawn with the sky still dark and star-filled. I left the Jeep in the driveway, too tired to mess with the garage. It was May, but it felt like April. Spring in St. Louis was usually a two-day event between the end of winter and the beginning of summer. One day you were freezing your ass off and the next day it'd be eighty plus. But this year it had been spring, a wet gentle spring. Except for the high number of zombies I'd raised, it had been a typical night. Everything from raising a civil war soldier for a local historical society to question, a will that needed a final signature, to a son's last confrontation with his abusive mother. I'd been neck deep in lawyers and therapists most of the night. If I heard, "How does that make you feel, Jonathan (or Cathy, or whoever)?" one more time tonight, I'd scream. I did not want to watch one more person "go with his or her feelings" ever.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to Billings, Montana July 30-August 2, 2009 I Would Like To
    Welcome to Billings, Montana July 30-August 2, 2009 I would like to take a few minutes to welcome you to the AFMS/NFMS Show and Convention. There will be a number of special exhibits designed to make this a show you won’t forget for many years. Come join us and enjoy seeing the Moon Rock from NASA, a life sized Cave Bear, Dinosaurs, a world class Ruby Collection, a rare Yogo Sapphire Collection, a Polar Bear carving (4ft high, weighing 2000 lbs) and much more, as we are adding things everyday. We also look forward to seeing your special exhibits, so please take some time and think about what showcases you would like to enter, and also your collection or your craftsmanship that would make a great competition exhibit. Let’s show the country what the Northwest has to offer. We hope you plan your vacation around this show, and visit the many wonders that Montana has to offer: Yellowstone National Park, Glacier National Park, the Dinosaur Trail including Makoshika State Park, Little Big Horn Battle Field, where General Custer fought, Pompeys Pillar, and lots more, plus great areas for boating, fishing, camping and hiking. Plan on spending the entire week after the show taking advantage of our planned field trips collecting Montana Agate, Jasper, Petrified Wood, Bear Canyon fortification agate, a variety of fossils such ammonites, nautiloids, pine cones, stramatolites, crinoids, coral and others. There will also be a guided Geological Tour of the Pryor Mountains, a guided tour of the Stillwater mine smelter and several self guided tours for quartz crystals, opal and Montana sapphires.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 1995 Gems & Gemology
    TABLE CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES 2 Rubies from Mong Hsu Adolf Pelsetti, I(ar7 Schmetzer, Heinz-Jiirgen Bernhardt, and Fred Mouawad " 28 The Yogo Sapphire Deposit Keith A. ~~chaluk NOTES AND NEW TECHNIQUES 42 Meerschaum from Eskisehir Province, Turkey I<adir Sariiz and Islcender Isilc REGULAR FEATURES 52 Gem Trade Lab Notes Gem News Most Valuable Article Award Gems ed Gemology Challenge Book Reviews Gemological Abstracts Guidelines for Authors ABOUT THE COVER: One of the most important ruby localities of the 1990s cov- ers a broad orea near the town of Mong Hsu, in northeastern Myann~ar(B~lrrna). The distinctive gemological features of these rubies are detailed in this issue's lead article. The suite of fine jewelry illustraled here contains 36 Mong Hsu rubies with a total weigh1 of 65.90 ct; the two rubies in the ring total 5.23 ct. jewelry courtesy of Mouawad jewellers. Photo by Opass Sultsumboon-Opass Suksuniboon Studio, Bangltolz, Thailand. Typesetting for Gerrls eS Gemology is by Graphix Express, Santa Monica, CA. Color separations are by Effective Graphics, Compton, CA. Printing is by Cadmus lournal Services, Easton, MD. 0 1995 Gemological Institute of America All rights reserved ISSN 0016-626X - Editor-in-Chief Editor Editors, Gem Trade Lab Notes Richard T. Lidtlicoat Alicc S. I<cller Robcrt C. I<ammerling 1660 Stewart St. C. W. Fryer Associate Editors Smta Mon~ca,CA 90404 William E. Boyajian Editors, Gem News (800)421-7250 ~251 Robcrt C. Kamn~erling Rohcrt C. I<ammerling e-mail: altellcrBclass.org D. Vincent Manson John I. Koivula John Sinltanltas Sr~bscriptions Enirnanuel Fritsch Jln Ll~n Editors, Book llevielvs Technical Editor (800) 421-7250 x201 Susan B.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithic Material Use in Late Prehistoric San Diego County
    TECHNOLOGY ANO ECOLOGY IN PREHISTORIC CALIFORNJ.4 57 LITHIC MATERIAL USE IN LATE PREHISTORIC SAN DIEGO COUNTY JOHN DIETLER Previous research has suggested that lithic material preference in San Diego County was directly related to resource availability throughout all periods of prehistory. The Late Prehistoric period witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of materials not a.vailable 10calJy, such as obsidian and cryptocrystalline silicates. This study examines the frequency of lithic materials at Late Prehistoric sites throughout San Diego County. The county is divided into ten zones defined by geography and cultural affiliation. Up to ten previously tested sites are selected to represent each zone, and the percentage ofseven broad material classes present at each is quantified. It is shown that in all parts of the county, the closest usable material at hand dominates asite's assemblage. Small percentages ofmore deSirable, non-local materials were imported through direct procurement or trade. Linguistic boundaries appear to have been impediments to the movement ofsome materials, especially Piedre de Lumbre chert. ost studies in lithic technology in San Diego foothills. Ten tested sites, or as many as were County to date have looked at the available, were selected to represent each zone, and M assemblage at one or two sites, or the the percentage of seven broad material classes present distribution of one type of material over a defined at each is quantified. area. In this paper, I attempt to examine the "big picture" in San Diego County. The goal of this study In order to have as uniform a data set as possible, was to characterize lithic material distribution in the all the sites chosen for this study are Late Prehistoric Late Prehistoric period and the factors that shaped it.
    [Show full text]
  • Healing Gemstones for Everyday Use
    GUIDE TO THE WORLD’S TOP 20 MOST EFFECTIVE HEALING GEMSTONES FOR EVERYDAY USE BY ISABELLE MORTON Guide to the World’s Top 20 Most Effective Healing Gemstones for Everyday Use Copyright © 2019 by Isabelle Morton Photography by Ryan Morton, Isabelle Morton Cover photo by Jeff Skeirik All rights reserved. Published by The Gemstone Therapy Institute P.O. Box 4065 Manchester, Connecticut 06045 U.S.A. www.GemstoneTherapyInstitute.org IMPORTANT NOTICE This book is designed to provide information for purposes of reference and guidance and to accompany, not replace, the services of a qualified health care practitioner or physician. It is not the intent of the author or publisher to prescribe any substance or method to cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent any disease. In the event that you use this information with or without seeking medical attention, the author and publisher shall not be liable or otherwise responsible for any loss, damage, or injury directly or indirectly caused by or arising out of the information contained herein. CONTENTS Gemstones for Physical Healing Light Green Aventurine 5 Dark Green Aventurine 11 Malachite 17 Tree Agate 23 Gemstones for Emotional Healing Rhodonite 30 Morganite 36 Pink Chalcedony 43 Rose Quartz 49 Gemstones for Healing Memory, Patterns, & Habits Opalite 56 Leopardskin Jasper 62 Golden Beryl 68 Rhodocrosite 74 Gemstones for Healing the Mental Body Sodalite 81 Blue Lace Agate 87 Lapis Lazuli 93 Lavender Quartz 99 Gemstones to Nourish Your Spirit Amethyst 106 Clear Quartz / Frosted Quartz 112 Mother of Pearl 118 Gemstones For Physical Healing LIGHT GREEN AVENTURINE DARK GREEN AVENTURINE MALACHITE TREE AGATE https://GemstoneTherapyInstitute.org LIGHT GREEN AVENTURINE 5 Copyright © 2019 Isabelle Morton.
    [Show full text]