Computer-Aided Design of Analog and Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits
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Radar Transmitter/Receiver
Introduction to Radar Systems Radar Transmitter/Receiver Radar_TxRxCourse MIT Lincoln Laboratory PPhu 061902 -1 Disclaimer of Endorsement and Liability • The video courseware and accompanying viewgraphs presented on this server were prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and its Lincoln Laboratory, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, products, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors or the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and its Lincoln Laboratory. • The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or any of their contractors or subcontractors Radar_TxRxCourse MIT Lincoln Laboratory PPhu 061802 -2 Outline • Introduction • Radar Transmitter • Radar Waveform Generator and Receiver • Radar Transmitter/Receiver Architecture -
Electronic Circuit Design and Component Selecjon
Electronic circuit design and component selec2on Nan-Wei Gong MIT Media Lab MAS.S63: Design for DIY Manufacturing Goal for today’s lecture • How to pick up components for your project • Rule of thumb for PCB design • SuggesMons for PCB layout and manufacturing • Soldering and de-soldering basics • Small - medium quanMty electronics project producMon • Homework : Design a PCB for your project with a BOM (bill of materials) and esMmate the cost for making 10 | 50 |100 (PCB manufacturing + assembly + components) Design Process Component Test Circuit Selec2on PCB Design Component PCB Placement Manufacturing Design Process Module Test Circuit Selec2on PCB Design Component PCB Placement Manufacturing Design Process • Test circuit – bread boarding/ buy development tools (breakout boards) / simulaon • Component Selecon– spec / size / availability (inventory! Need 10% more parts for pick and place machine) • PCB Design– power/ground, signal traces, trace width, test points / extra via, pads / mount holes, big before small • PCB Manufacturing – price-Mme trade-off/ • Place Components – first step (check power/ground) -- work flow Test Circuit Construc2on Breadboard + through hole components + Breakout boards Breakout boards, surcoards + hookup wires Surcoard : surface-mount to through hole Dual in-line (DIP) packaging hap://www.beldynsys.com/cc521.htm Source : hap://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Breadboard_counter.jpg Development Boards – good reference for circuit design and component selec2on SomeMmes, it can be cheaper to pair your design with a development -
Lecture 11 : Discrete Cosine Transform Moving Into the Frequency Domain
Lecture 11 : Discrete Cosine Transform Moving into the Frequency Domain Frequency domains can be obtained through the transformation from one (time or spatial) domain to the other (frequency) via Fourier Transform (FT) (see Lecture 3) — MPEG Audio. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) (new ) — Heart of JPEG and MPEG Video, MPEG Audio. Note : We mention some image (and video) examples in this section with DCT (in particular) but also the FT is commonly applied to filter multimedia data. External Link: MIT OCW 8.03 Lecture 11 Fourier Analysis Video Recap: Fourier Transform The tool which converts a spatial (real space) description of audio/image data into one in terms of its frequency components is called the Fourier transform. The new version is usually referred to as the Fourier space description of the data. We then essentially process the data: E.g . for filtering basically this means attenuating or setting certain frequencies to zero We then need to convert data back to real audio/imagery to use in our applications. The corresponding inverse transformation which turns a Fourier space description back into a real space one is called the inverse Fourier transform. What do Frequencies Mean in an Image? Large values at high frequency components mean the data is changing rapidly on a short distance scale. E.g .: a page of small font text, brick wall, vegetation. Large low frequency components then the large scale features of the picture are more important. E.g . a single fairly simple object which occupies most of the image. The Road to Compression How do we achieve compression? Low pass filter — ignore high frequency noise components Only store lower frequency components High pass filter — spot gradual changes If changes are too low/slow — eye does not respond so ignore? Low Pass Image Compression Example MATLAB demo, dctdemo.m, (uses DCT) to Load an image Low pass filter in frequency (DCT) space Tune compression via a single slider value n to select coefficients Inverse DCT, subtract input and filtered image to see compression artefacts. -
(MSEE) COMMUNICATION, NETWORKING, and SIGNAL PROCESSING TRACK*OPTIONS Curriculum Program of Study Advisor: Dr
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (MSEE) COMMUNICATION, NETWORKING, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING TRACK*OPTIONS Curriculum Program of Study Advisor: Dr. R. Sankar Name USF ID # Term/Year Address Phone Email Advisor Areas of focus: Communications (Systems/Wireless Communications), Networking, and Digital Signal Processing (Speech/Biomedical/Image/Video and Multimedia) Course Title Number Credits Semester Grade 1. Mathematics: 6 hours Random Process in Electrical Engineering EEE 6545 3 Select one other from the following Linear and Matrix Algebra EEL 6935 3 Optimization Methods EEL 6935 3 Statistical Inference EEL 6936 3 Engineering Apps for Vector Analysis** EEL 6027 3 Engineering Apps for Complex Analysis** EEL 6022 3 2. Focus Area Core Courses: 15 hours (Select a major core with 2 sets of sequences from groups A or B and a minor core (one course from the other group) A. Communications and Networking Digital Communication Systems EEL 6534 3 Mobile and Personal Communication EEL 6593 3 Broadband Communication Networks EEL 6506 3 Wireless Network Architectures and Protocols EEL 6597 3 Wireless Communications Lab EEL 6592 3 B. Signal Processing Digital Signal Processing I EEE 6502 3 Digital Signal Processing II EEL 6752 3 Speech Signal Processing EEL 6586 3 Deep Learning EEL 6935 3 Real-Time DSP Systems Lab (DSP/FPGA Lab) EEL 6722C 3 3. Electives: 3 hours A. Communications, Networking, and Signal Processing Selected Topics in Communications EEL 7931 3 Network Science EEL 6935 3 Wireless Sensor Networks EEL 6935 3 Digital Signal Processing III EEL 6753 3 Biomedical Image Processing EEE 6514 3 Data Analytics for Electrical and System Engineers EEL 6935 3 Biomedical Systems and Pattern Recognition EEE 6282 3 Advanced Data Analytics EEL 6935 3 B. -
Analog Integrated Circuit Design, 2Nd Edition
ffirs.fm Page iv Thursday, October 27, 2011 11:41 AM ffirs.fm Page i Thursday, October 27, 2011 11:41 AM ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN Tony Chan Carusone David A. Johns Kenneth W. Martin John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffirs.fm Page ii Thursday, October 27, 2011 11:41 AM VP and Publisher Don Fowley Associate Publisher Dan Sayre Editorial Assistant Charlotte Cerf Senior Marketing Manager Christopher Ruel Senior Production Manager Janis Soo Senior Production Editor Joyce Poh This book was set in 9.5/11.5 Times New Roman PSMT by MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company, and printed and bound by RRD Von Hoffman. The cover was printed by RRD Von Hoffman. This book is printed on acid free paper. Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procurement, ethical conduct within our business and among our vendors, and community and charitable support. For more information, please visit our website: www.wiley.com/go/citizenship. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. -
A General CAD Concept and Design Framework Architecture for Integrated Microsystems^
Transactions on the Built Environment vol 12, © 1995 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 A general CAD concept and design framework architecture for integrated microsystems^ A. Poppe," J.M. Kararn,*) K. Hoffmann," M. Rencz/ B. Courtois,^ M. Glesner/V. Szekely" "Technical University of Budapest, Department of Electron Devices, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary *77M4/77MC, 46 av. F ^bZ/eA F-J&OJ7 GrgMo6/g Ce^x, France *THDarmstadt, Institute of Microelectronic Systems, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany Abstract Besides foundry facilities, CAD-tools are also required to move microsystems from research prototypes to an industrial market. CAD tools of microelectronics have been developed for more than 20 years, both in the field of circuit design tools and in the area of TCAD tools. Usually a microelectronics engineer is involved only in one side of the design: either he deals with application design or he is par- ticipating in the manufacturing design, but not in both. This is one point that is to be followed in case of microsystem design, if higher level of design productivity is expected. Another point is that certain standards should also be established in case of microsystem design too: based on selected technologies a set of stan- dard components should be pre-designed and collected in a standard component library. This component library should be available from within microsystem de- sign frameworks which might be well established by a proper configuration and extension of existing 1C design frameworks. A very important point is the devel- opment of proper simulation models of microsystem components that are based on e.g. -
Circuit System Design Cards: a System Design Methodology for Circuits Courses Based on Thévenin Equivalents Neil E
Circuit System Design Cards: a system design methodology for circuits courses based on Thévenin equivalents Neil E. Cotter, Member, IEEE, and Cynthia Furse, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—The Circuit System Design cards described here signal being processed in the system design is the Thévenin allow students to design complete circuits with sensors and op- equivalent voltage rather than the circuit output voltage per se. amps by laying down a sequence of cards. The cards teach Furthermore, the Thévenin equivalent may be extended from students several important concepts: system design, Thevénin one card to the next, moving left-to-right, with pre-calculated equivalents, input/output resistance, and op-amp formulas. formulas. Students may design circuits by viewing them as combinations of system building blocks portrayed on one side of the cards. The This paper discusses how the cards are used and the theory other side of each card shows a circuit schematic for the building on which they are based. The next section discusses one card block. Thevénin equivalents are the crucial ingredient in tying in detail, and the following section discusses a two-card the circuits to the building blocks and vice versa. system. The final sections catalog the symbols incorporated on the cards and the entire set of card images. Index Terms—Linear, circuit, system design, cards, Thevénin equivalent II ONE-CARD EXAMPLE I INTRODUCTION One side of each CSD card shows a system view of how the card processes its input signal. Fig. 1(a) shows the system HE deck of 32 Circuit System Design (CSD) cards allows side of the Voltage Reference card that produces an output users to design complete circuits by laying down cards in T voltage, v , from a power supply voltage, V . -
Signal Shorts
Signal Shorts Bill Fawcett Director of Engineering The Problem WMRA has published a coverage map which shows where we expect our signal to reach, based on formulas devised by the FCC. Yet even within our established coverage area, there are locales in which the signal sounds "fuzzy". In most cases, the topography of the area is causing "multi-path" interference, that is, reflections of the signal off of nearby mountains adds to the direct signal, but delayed somewhat in time, and scrambles the received signal. This is the same phenomenon that causes "ghosts" on your TV (shadow- images on your screen, not the "X-Files"). Multipath is a significant problem along the I-81 corridor North of Harrisonburg to Strasburg. Also at Penn Laird along Route 33. Multipath problems are so site-specific that moving a radio a few feet may make a difference. The next time you get a fuzzy signal at a traffic light you may note that it clears up by advancing a few feet (watch out for the car in front of you, or you may have other, more serious, problems). Switching to mono, if possible, will also help. Other areas suffer from terrain obstructions. This may be noted at Massanutten Resort, and in the UVA area of Charlottesville. For those outside of the predicted coverage area, signal strength (the lack of) may be a problem, as may interference. North of Charlottesville this is a big problem, with interference from a high-power station in Washington D.C. causing problems. Lastly, the downtown Charlottesville area suffers from interference from WCYK's 105.1 translator. -
Design for Manufacturability and Reliability in Extreme-Scaling VLSI
SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences . REVIEW . June 2016, Vol. 59 061406:1–061406:23 Special Focus on Advanced Microelectronics Technology doi: 10.1007/s11432-016-5560-6 Design for manufacturability and reliability in extreme-scaling VLSI Bei YU1,2 , Xiaoqing XU2 , Subhendu ROY2,3 ,YiboLIN2, Jiaojiao OU2 &DavidZ.PAN2 * 1CSE Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT Hong Kong, China; 2ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712,USA; 3Cadence Design Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA 95134,USA Received December 14, 2015; accepted January 18, 2016; published online May 6, 2016 Abstract In the last five decades, the number of transistors on a chip has increased exponentially in accordance with the Moore’s law, and the semiconductor industry has followed this law as long-term planning and targeting for research and development. However, as the transistor feature size is further shrunk to sub-14nm nanometer regime, modern integrated circuit (IC) designs are challenged by exacerbated manufacturability and reliability issues. To overcome these grand challenges, full-chip modeling and physical design tools are imperative to achieve high manufacturability and reliability. In this paper, we will discuss some key process technology and VLSI design co-optimization issues in nanometer VLSI. Keywords design for manufacturability, design for reliability, VLSI CAD Citation Yu B, Xu X Q, Roy S, et al. Design for manufacturability and reliability in extreme-scaling VLSI. Sci China Inf Sci, 2016, 59(6): 061406, doi: 10.1007/s11432-016-5560-6 1 Introduction Moore’s law, which is named after Intel co-founder Gordon Moore, predicts that the density of transistor on integrated circuits (ICs) roughly doubles every two years. -
CSB.01 M2M Cellular Signal Amplifier
CSB.01 M2M Cellular Signal Amplifier Operator’s Manual and Installation Guide www.taoglas.com Designed & Manufactured in The U.S.A. Contents 1. Overview 3 2. Parts List 3 3. Installation Guide 4 4. Installation with an SMA Device - Fixed Location 4 5. Installation with an SMA Device - Mobile Location 6 6. LED Diagnostics 7 7. Diagnostic LED definitions 7 8. Passive Bypass Technology – Patent Pending 8 9. CSB.01 Specifications 9 10. Safeguard Features 10 11. Antennas 10 12. Warranty Information 11 1. Overview The CSB.01 Wireless Network Range Extender is a high performance, microprocessor controlled, bidirectional RF amplifier for the entire North American 850 MHz cellular and 1900 MHz PCS frequency bands. The amplifier has an automatic gain and oscillation control system that will automatically adjust the gain and the output power if a signal anomaly occurs. This amplifier is designed to operate as a direct connect unit within a cellular system, for maximum performance in weak signal coverage areas. The input power requirements for the amplifier are positive 8.0 to 32.0 volts DC (negative ground). 2. Parts List Depending upon the connector type of the cellular device, Taoglas can customize the M2M kit to include the appropriate adapters to ensure a seamless and quick installation. Adapter types include, but are not limited to SMA, RP-SMA, MMCX, MCX, FME, and TNC. 1: CSB.01 Amplifier Unit 2: AC/DC Power Adapter 3: Hardwire DC Power Cable 4: Magnetic-Mount 5: SMA-to-SMA Device 6. Optional –SMA-to-MMCX Outdoor Signal Antenna Cable – If connecting to an Device Cable – If connecting MB.TG30.A.305111 SMA device to an MMCX device. -
Keysight Technologies Signal Studio for Broadcast Radio N7611C
Keysight Technologies Signal Studio for Broadcast Radio N7611C Technical Overview – Create Keysight validated and performance optimized reference signals compliant with FM Stereo/RDS, DAB, DAB+, T-DMB, and XM standards – Generate ARB waveforms and real-time signals for XM – Independently configure multi-carriers/multi-channels for up to 12 carriers – Add real-time fading, AWGN, and interferers – Accelerate the signal creation process with a user interface based on parameterized and graphical signal configuration and tree-style navigation 02 | Keysight | N7611C Signal Studio for Broadcast Radio - Technical Overview Simplify Broadcast Radio Signal Creation Typical measurements Signal Studio software is a flexible suite of signal-creation tools that will reduce the time Typical FM Stereo/RDS you spend on signal simulation. For broadcast radio standards including FM Stereo/ component measurements RDS, DAB, DAB+, T-DMB, and XM, Signal Studio’s performance-optimized reference – ACLR signals—validated by Keysight—enhance the characterization and verification of your – THD devices. Through its application-specific user-interface you’ll create standards-based – SINAD and custom test signals for component, transmitter, and receiver test. – Channel power Component and transmitter test Typical DAB/DAB+/DMB/XM Signal Studio’s advanced capabilities use waveform playback mode to create and component measurements customize waveform files needed to test components and transmitters. Its user-friendly – ACLR interface lets you configure signal parameters, -
Designing Digital Circuits a Modern Approach
Designing Digital Circuits a modern approach Jonathan Turner 2 Contents I First Half 5 1 Introduction to Designing Digital Circuits 7 1.1 Getting Started . .7 1.2 Gates and Flip Flops . .9 1.3 How are Digital Circuits Designed? . 10 1.4 Programmable Processors . 12 1.5 Prototyping Digital Circuits . 15 2 First Steps 17 2.1 A Simple Binary Calculator . 17 2.2 Representing Numbers in Digital Circuits . 21 2.3 Logic Equations and Circuits . 24 3 Designing Combinational Circuits With VHDL 33 3.1 The entity and architecture . 34 3.2 Signal Assignments . 39 3.3 Processes and if-then-else . 43 4 Computer-Aided Design 51 4.1 Overview of CAD Design Flow . 51 4.2 Starting a New Project . 54 4.3 Simulating a Circuit Module . 61 4.4 Preparing to Test on a Prototype Board . 66 4.5 Simulating the Prototype Circuit . 69 3 4 CONTENTS 4.6 Testing the Prototype Circuit . 70 5 More VHDL Language Features 77 5.1 Symbolic constants . 78 5.2 For and case statements . 81 5.3 Synchronous and Asynchronous Assignments . 86 5.4 Structural VHDL . 89 6 Building Blocks of Digital Circuits 93 6.1 Logic Gates as Electronic Components . 93 6.2 Storage Elements . 98 6.3 Larger Building Blocks . 100 6.4 Lookup Tables and FPGAs . 105 7 Sequential Circuits 109 7.1 A Fair Arbiter Circuit . 110 7.2 Garage Door Opener . 118 8 State Machines with Data 127 8.1 Pulse Counter . 127 8.2 Debouncer . 134 8.3 Knob Interface . 137 8.4 Two Speed Garage Door Opener .