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The Concept of Resurrection with Special Emphasis on the Views of Rudolf Bultmann

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The Concept of Resurrection with Special Emphasis on the Views of Rudolf Bultmann Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects Religion 1967 The Concept of Resurrection with Special Emphasis on the Views of Rudolf Bultmann Carol J. Miller '67 Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/religion_honproj Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Miller '67, Carol J., "The Concept of Resurrection with Special Emphasis on the Views of Rudolf Bultmann" (1967). Honors Projects. 12. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/religion_honproj/12 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. The Concept of the Resurrection / "l ith spec ial emphas is on the view's of Rudo lf Bultmann by Carol Jean Miller II �R¢HtVfS' �32.C ;110"f(c. Submitted for Honors iflork In the De pa rtment of Re ligion Illinois Hesleyan Univers ity Bloo mington, Ill ino is Illinois Wesleyan Univ. Libraries Bloomington" 111,. 61701 Acce pte d by the Department of Re ligion of Illinois We sleyan Univers ity in fulfillment of the re quirement for de partmenta l honors . Illinois Wesleyan Univ. Libraries Bloomington. Ill. 61701 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my thanks first of all to my pro­ ject advisor, the Rev. G. L. Story for his help with this paper. I would also like to thank Dr. James Whitehurst for his coun­ ciling and for the books he loaned me from his own library and Dr. Jerry Stone for his advice and support. These gentlemen were all most helpful, and it is doubtful that this paper could have been written without them. l'fy special thanks go to Dr. William Richard Stegner of Na­ perville, Illinois for his support--not only this year but dur­ ing all four years that I have spent at Illinois Wesleyan Uni­ versity. He also most graciously counciled me and lent··· me books for my project, though as a faculty member of another college he was in no way obligated to do so. Everyone involved with me.on this project was most co-oper­ ative and encouraging and I am very grateful. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 The Term Resurrection••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 The Concept in New Testament Palestine••••••••••••••••••••• 3 Jesus' Concern with the Resurrection •••••••••••••••••••••• 8 Weatherhead's Theories•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 }lori'sont S Theories••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 Refutation of Weatherhead and Morison ••••••••••••••••••••• 10 Bultmann's Theories••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 Hermeneutics and History•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20 The Problems with Bultmann's Theories••••••••••••••••••••• 24 Pannenburg and others ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 28 Summary•••••••••• o ••••••••••••••••• � •••••••••••••••••••••• 31 The Role of Theology••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• 39 Bibliography••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• i The concept of the tiesurrection of our Lord has been Ii po int of confus ion for mo my, bo th formal students of the­ ology and thinking lay people . It has also been the to pic of much debate and ma ny books. Some ha,ve cho:sen to dis­ regard it almo st complete ly , thus ch�. nging the who le po int and direction of the Gospel's message. So me have limited it to ,such a degree that it me ans only the mo me nt of Christ's ris ing from the grave. Other:s have taken into 'J ccount the implication:s cif a "orld ®xisting unde r a relliurrected Lord. Some have called it a historical fact , others say it is obviously no n-historic2>,l or tr;anshistorical. Wh,�t the Res­ urrection "las and/or is, how it C6,me "bout , how it "as view­ ed by New Tes tament ma n and wha t signific.ance it h8s for ma n today are the ques tions be ing asked. One que$tion bas ic to all these deals with how the New Tes tament Scriptures are to be re;;ld. Certa inly a pa pe r of this scope could neve r be an exhaust ive study on form criticism nor a new sear ch for the historical Jesus. Ne ither cou ld it hope to give any de fin ite , do gmatiC answers to these quest ions 1t,h ich have be en the focal po ints of theologians over .it long span of years. The field is so broad and so invo lved that one CCln only touch on c:.rtain points hoping to provide some insight ,and give some clarification to a few of the issues that hilve been so hotly contested, especially in recent times . First of all this paper will deal briefly with two men who are representative of a certain w�y of thinking about the Rssurrection'that has beenc'prevelant for many ---_._---_. -- yeOlrs. The bulk of the paper, however will be concerned with the work of Professor Rudolf Bultm;,mn and some of his critics. Since the author is not by any me.�,ns fam- ili"r with all his work nor Nith th",t of his critics the positions and arguments presented will be limited in scope. But it is hoped, nevertheless, that some measure of under- st;,mdinQ; VJill result from this investig,.tion. 'fo aid in this discussion there is a need for some background m�t- eridl notably the various meanings of the term resurrec- tion it self , and then a short discussion of the dispos- ition of first century Palestin� toward the concept of resurrection. In th® Greek the term uSG!d for resurrection is iv.t.... T4<n$. In ...ncient Ii ternture the term hOtS m@",nt rise, ·'-s in Jos- ephus's u83-£,;e7 the 'erection' of a st;;"tue; resurrection from the de) "d, used from the time of Aeschylus onYJiilrd; in the p",t r�ferring specifically to Jesus' H,",surr(ection; or in reference to the future resurrection--the Judgment -)- is used in the New Test .. ment not only to mean r<l>surrection from the de"d per !.!., but as in Luke2: 34-­ els ""1;41""" K"l �"'''a-"Cd<S'"<'' 1h,Ua,.�.. � :z:....po1A 2_-"for the f.,,11 and rising of m ... ny in Israel.,,3 However, in most c"ses v"'r�""'(lI m:;,.y be tr"'nslated.resurrection from the de ..d. IJ>'Ehe �dea of a resurrection from the dead is by no means limited in religious writings to the New Testament and New Testa- ment Apocrypha. The most direct influence for the Christ- ian writers came, of course, f:liHHn the writings of Judaism. The Hebrew transliteration of the idea of the revival of the dead is tehiyyat hametim and many references to a res- urrection, albeit a general one, are found in Hebrew lit- erature. For example in Daniel 12:2 one reads: "I�any of those v-rho sleep in the dust of the earth shall al,ake; some shall live forever, oth<l>rs sh�lll be an everlasting horror and disgrace." And again in 2 l'laccabees 7:9 during the torturing of the seven brothers: You accursed wretch, you dismiss us from this present life, but the King of the u­ niverse will raise us up to an·everlast­ ing renevml of life because we have died for his laws.4- 1. Arndt, william, A Gr·eek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IllinOiS, 1957, pages.59-60. 2. Nestle, Erwin, Novum Testamentum Gra�!lCe, 'viutt.. mber­ gische Bib"lanstalt Stuttgart, in Germany, 1927. 3. All English NSli'T T@stament passages are f;rom Thil,Holy Bible, '.Revised . Standard Version, Thomas N&lson and Sons, New York, New York, 1953 4. Metzger, Bruce, ed., The Oxfford Annotated ApocrYDha of the Old T<i>stament, RSV, Oxford Univer6ity Press, New York, New York, 1965. Even 2 Bartlch, Hhich .. laS "in part an implicit polemic against Christian­ ity"l v1l'itten in the latter half of the first century, ,and hence prob- ably not much in s;ympathy mth the doctrines of Christianity, holds to the idea of the resurrection: Then all who have fallen asleep in hope of Him shall rise again. And it shall come to pass at that time that the treasuries mll be opened in 1mich is preserved the number of the souls of the righteous, and they shall come forth, and a multitude of souls shall be seen together in one assemblage of one thought, and the first shall rejoice and the lost shall not be grieved. For they know that the time has come of which it is said, that it is the consummation of the times. But the soul� of the mcked, when they be­ hold all these things, shall then waste a­ ��y the more. For they shall know that their torment has come and the perdition has ar­ rived. (2 Baruch 30:2-5)2 These and other vll'itings show that the idea of a resurrection Has not at all unknown in Judaism and through the time of Christ. The New Test- ament man would not have been likely to reject the idea of the resurrec- tion on the grounds of improbability, but neither would he be so steep- ed in ideas of resurrection that he would automatically assume a resur- rection from the facts and ideas of Jesus's case.
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