Kant and Aristotle on Altruism and the Love Command: Is Universal Friendship Possible
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
An Analysis of Hegemonic Social Structures in "Friends"
"I'LL BE THERE FOR YOU" IF YOU ARE JUST LIKE ME: AN ANALYSIS OF HEGEMONIC SOCIAL STRUCTURES IN "FRIENDS" Lisa Marie Marshall A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2007 Committee: Katherine A. Bradshaw, Advisor Audrey E. Ellenwood Graduate Faculty Representative James C. Foust Lynda Dee Dixon © 2007 Lisa Marshall All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Katherine A. Bradshaw, Advisor The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the dominant ideologies and hegemonic social constructs the television series Friends communicates in regard to friendship practices, gender roles, racial representations, and social class in order to suggest relationships between the series and social patterns in the broader culture. This dissertation describes the importance of studying television content and its relationship to media culture and social influence. The analysis included a quantitative content analysis of friendship maintenance, and a qualitative textual analysis of alternative families, gender, race, and class representations. The analysis found the characters displayed actions of selectivity, only accepting a small group of friends in their social circle based on friendship, gender, race, and social class distinctions as the six characters formed a culture that no one else was allowed to enter. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project stems from countless years of watching and appreciating television. When I was in college, a good friend told me about a series that featured six young people who discussed their lives over countless cups of coffee. Even though the series was in its seventh year at the time, I did not start to watch the show until that season. -
Overview of the Virtue of Charity
Overview of the Virtue of Charity The virtue of Charity means being generous with our presence, time, and money. Charity allows us to give freely without expecting anything in return. The virtue of Charity is an essential sign of faith. Jewish and Christian ethics are built upon charitable acts and deeds. The virtue of charity encompasses a range of small acts and habits that affects our own immediate surroundings as well as the larger global community. It can be as simple as giving someone a smile or it can be expressed on a larger scale through raising funds for world organizations such as Development and Peace or Free the Children. It applies not just to our personal relationships with other people, but also extends to things, animals, plants, and the Earth. All creation is interrelated. Charity allows us to see how we are connected to others through time and space. We have a responsibility to nurture, support, and be in solidarity with those around us. Exploring Your Inner Self: Why the virtue of charity might be for you If you are… Self-absorbed Acting unkindly or in nasty ways Thinking only of your needs Stingy with your time, and material objects Neglectful of or indifferent to the needs of others Then you may wish to explore the virtue of charity…. Charity allows you to give to others Charity allows you to share your time and talents with others Charity brings the world close to home Charity allows you to make a positive difference Modelling the Virtue of Charity: The Catholic Community Award Modelling Forgiveness: The Catholic Community Award The Catholic Community Award: The Catholic Community Award is a monthly award given to students who may be the “unsung heroes” of our community. -
Altruism, Morality & Social Solidarity Forum
Altruism, Morality & Social Solidarity Forum A Forum for Scholarship and Newsletter of the AMSS Section of ASA Volume 3, Issue 2 May 2012 What’s so Darned Special about Church Friends? Robert D. Putnam Harvard University One purpose of my recent research (with David E. Campbell) on religion in America1 was to con- firm and, if possible, extend previous research on the correlation of religiosity and altruistic behavior, such as giving, volunteering, and community involvement. It proved straight-forward to show that each of sev- eral dozen measures of good neighborliness was strongly correlated with religious involvement. Continued on page 19... Our Future is Just Beginning Vincent Jeffries, Acting Chairperson California State University, Northridge The beginning of our endeavors has ended. The study of altruism, morality, and social solidarity is now an established section in the American Sociological Association. We will have our first Section Sessions at the 2012 American Sociological Association Meetings in Denver, Colorado, this August. There is a full slate of candidates for the ASA elections this spring, and those chosen will take office at the Meetings. Continued on page 4... The Revival of Russian Sociology and Studies of This Issue: Social Solidarity From the Editor 2 Dmitry Efremenko and Yaroslava Evseeva AMSS Awards 3 Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences Scholarly Updates 12 The article was executed in the framework of the research project Social solidarity as a condition of society transformations: Theoretical foundations, Bezila 16 Russian specificity, socio-biological and socio-psychological aspects, supported Dissertation by the Russian foundation for basic research (Project 11-06-00347а). -
Altruism1 Neven Sesardic
Brit. J. Phil. Sci. 50 (1999), 457–466 REVIEW ARTICLE Altruism1 Neven Sesardic 1 Introduction 2 Evolutionary altruism 2.1 Historical confusion 2.2 Averaging fallacy 3 Psychological altruism 3.1 Conceptual issues 3.2 Empirical issues 4 Conclusion 1 Introduction The belief in the existence of genuine altruism is still widely regarded as an underdog theory. This is well reflected in the fact that the whole debate about egoism and altruism is frequently conceptualized as being about the so-called paradox of altruism. The obvious suggestion here is that the cards are so heavily stacked against altruism that the easiest way to resolve the controversy would be to simply agree that altruism does not exist at all. In their book Unto Others, the philosopher Elliott Sober and the biologist David Sloan Wilson make a strong effort to swim against this current. The battle between altruism and egoism is fought on two separate fronts: in evolutionary biology and in psychology. The book covers both aspects of the debate: the first part deals with biology, the second part with psychology. Although the definition of altruism in biology significantly differs from the concept of altruism in psychology, the authors have shown that the two strands of the discussion nevertheless remain interrelated to such a degree that the integration of both topics into one book makes perfect sense. 1 Review of Elliott Sober and David Sloan Wilson [1998]: Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior, London/Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, cloth £19.95/$29.95, ISBN: 0 674 93046 0. -
Virtues and Vices to Luke E
CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY THE LUKE E. HART SERIES How Catholics Live Section 4: Virtues and Vices To Luke E. Hart, exemplary evangelizer and Supreme Knight from 1953-64, the Knights of Columbus dedicates this Series with affection and gratitude. The Knights of Columbus presents The Luke E. Hart Series Basic Elements of the Catholic Faith VIRTUES AND VICES PART THREE• SECTION FOUR OF CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY What does a Catholic believe? How does a Catholic worship? How does a Catholic live? Based on the Catechism of the Catholic Church by Peter Kreeft General Editor Father John A. Farren, O.P. Catholic Information Service Knights of Columbus Supreme Council Nihil obstat: Reverend Alfred McBride, O.Praem. Imprimatur: Bernard Cardinal Law December 19, 2000 The Nihil Obstat and Imprimatur are official declarations that a book or pamphlet is free of doctrinal or moral error. No implication is contained therein that those who have granted the Nihil Obstat and Imprimatur agree with the contents, opinions or statements expressed. Copyright © 2001-2021 by Knights of Columbus Supreme Council All rights reserved. English translation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church for the United States of America copyright ©1994, United States Catholic Conference, Inc. – Libreria Editrice Vaticana. English translation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church: Modifications from the Editio Typica copyright © 1997, United States Catholic Conference, Inc. – Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Scripture quotations contained herein are adapted from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1946, 1952, 1971, and the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America, and are used by permission. -
The Palgrave Handbook of Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity Formulating a Field of Study
The Palgrave Handbook of Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity Formulating a Field of Study Edited by Vincent Jeffries THE PALGRAVE HANDBOOK OF ALTRUISM, MORALITY, AND SOCIAL SOLIDARITY Copyright © Vincent Jeffries, 2014. All rights reserved. First published in 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978–1–137–39184–1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Palgrave handbook of altruism, morality, and social solidarity : formulating a fi eld of study / [edited] by Vincent Jeffries. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978–1–137–39184–1 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Altruism. 2. Ethics. 3. Solidarity. 4. Sociology. I. Jeffries, Vincent. HM1146.P35 2014 301—dc23 2014003318 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: August 2014 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Figures and Tables ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Part 1 General Perspectives and Future Directions 1 Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity as a Field of Study 3 Vincent Jeffries 2 Virtues and Human Personhood in the Social Sciences 21 Margarita A. -
When the Kingdom of God Became the Kingdom of Ends: Altruism’S Development Into a Normative Ideal
When the Kingdom of God Became the Kingdom of Ends: Altruism’s Development into a Normative Ideal A Senior Honor Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with distinction in Political Science in the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences by Benjamin T. Jones The Ohio State University December 10, 2006 Project Advisors: John M. Parrish, Department of Political Science (Loyola Marymount University) Michael A. Neblo, Department of Political Science (The Ohio State University) Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Introduction 1 The Paradox at the Heart of Altruism 4 Defining Altruism and Normativity 6 What Are We Looking For? 11 Roadmap of What’s to Come 14 Part I Towards a Problem: The Ancient Debate over Public Life 17 Eudaimonia and Ancient Ethics 18 Plato and Aristotle 24 Epicurus and the Stoics 40 A Solution from an Unlikely Source 47 Augustine’s Reconciliation of the Two Cities 55 Conclusion 63 Part II Self-Love’s Fall from Grace: How Normative Altruism Developed out of the Augustinian Tradition 65 Entangled in Self-love: Augustine’s Normative Argument 67 Augustine Goes Secular 75 Kant’s Problematic Solution 83 Reworking Kant—And Altruism 89 Conclusion 91 Part III The Problems with Normative Altruism 93 Two Conceptions of Altruism 93 Evidence for Altruism on a Descriptive Level 95 Motivational Barriers to Normative Altruism 113 Changing the Way We Talk About Altruism 121 Conclusion 126 Bibliography 131 i Abstract In contemporary moral philosophy, altruism holds a place of prominence. Although a complex idea, the term seeps into everyday discourse, by no means confined to the esoteric language of philosophers and psychologists. -
GLWD Cowparade
NYC2021 The CowParade God’s Love We Deliver is excited to announce that the Cow Parade is coming back to New York City this summer with God’s Love as the exclusive charity partner! If you were in the city in 2000, you likely recall the CowParade public art event during the summer of that year, which culminated in a live auction that raised hundreds of thousands of dollars for New York City non-profits including God’s Love We Deliver. The Mayor’s oce estimated that some 45 million people came to see the cows during the three months of the exhibit. CowParade began in New York and has gone on to stage another 90+ public art exhibits in 34 countries with more than 6,000 life size Fiberglass cows painted and imaginatively transformed by many thousands of global artists and sculptors. God’s Love is thrilled to be staging the 100th global CowParade event this August. NYC2021 Why Moo? The cow is simply a unique, three-dimensional canvas to which artists can easily relate. There really is no other animal that could adequately substitute for the cow. The surface area and bone structures are just right, as well as the height and length. Even more importantly, the cow is an animal we all love. One of the first words we say in our infancy is moo. Cows provide many the milk that fosters our development, and milk is the basis of childhood treats like ice cream. The cow is whimsical, quirky and never threatening. That is why so much of the art in this show causes us to laugh, smile and just feel good, something that New York City is yearning for. -
Mary Ellen Edmunds ______
“Being Leads to Doing” Mary Ellen Edmunds ______________________________________________________________________ This address was given Thursday, April 28, 2016 at the BYU Women’s Conference © 2016 by Brigham Young University Women’s Conference. All rights reserved For further information write: BYU Women’s Conference 161 Harman Continuing Education Building Provo, Utah 84602 801-422-7692 E-mail: [email protected] Home page: http://womensconference.byu.edu ______________________________________________________________________ My hope is that each of us will catch one idea about charity, about love, that we’ll write down or think about, and it will make a bit of a difference in our day and maybe in our life. Please allow the Spirit to teach you something, no matter how horrible my presentation is. You have heard many descriptions of charity, lots of repetition. One that I especially like is from the Bible Dictionary: Charity is “the highest, noblest, strongest kind of love, not merely affection; it is the pure love of Christ. It is never used to denote alms or deeds of benevolence, although it may be a prompting to do something.” If charity is pure love, what makes it impure? I think sometimes it might be our motives, and if we’re not careful, sometimes our motives might be only self-serving—schmoozing. I practiced that a lot in the mirror. A man was doing humanitarian work in Central America, and he saw a little boy with a tattered shirt, and so he went to the large donation of clothing and found two little shirts that he thought would fit—gave them to the little boy. -
How Virtue Signalling Makes Us Better: Moral Preferences with Respect to Autonomous Vehicle Type Choices
How virtue signalling makes us better: Moral preferences with respect to autonomous vehicle type choices Robin Kopeckya,b, Michaela Jirout Košováa,b, Daniel D. Novotnýa,c, Jaroslav Flegra,b, David Černýa,d aThe Karel Čapek Center for Values in Science and Technology b Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia cFaculty of Theology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia dInstitute of State and Law, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia Corresponding author: Robin Kopecky, [email protected], Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czechia Data Availability: https://osf.io/y7t5q Abstract Autonomous vehicles (henceforth AVs) are about to be introduced to the mass market. However, many moral questions concerning AVs still remain. One of the issues has to do with the choice between AV types that differ in their built-in algorithms for dealing with situations of unavoidable lethal collision. These situations will probably be rare, yet they will happen and are of concern to governments, manufactures, and the potential users of AVs. It does not appear to be possible to avoid questions about how these algorithms should be designed. We present the results of our study of moral preferences (N=2769) with respect to three types of AVs: (1) selfish, which protects the lives of passenger(s) over any number of bystanders; (2) altruistic, which minimizes the number of casualties, even if this leads to death of passenger(s); and (3) conservative, which abstains from interfering in such situations. We differentiate between scenarios in which participants are to make their decisions privately or publicly, and for themselves or for their offspring. -
The Limits of Charity: Motherhood, Feminine Roles, and Autobiography in Edith Wharton's Summer Eric J
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1998 The limits of charity: motherhood, feminine roles, and autobiography in Edith Wharton's Summer Eric J. Kerkove Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the American Literature Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kerkove, Eric J., "The limits of charity: motherhood, feminine roles, and autobiography in Edith Wharton's Summer" (1998). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 268. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/268 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The limits of Charity: Motherhood, feminine roles, and autobiography in Edith Wharton's Summer by Eric John Kerkove A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: English (Literature) Major Professor: Brenda 0. Daly Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1998 ii Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the Master's thesis of Eric John Kerkove has met the thesis requirements of Iowa State University Fl{r the Major Program iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE: THE LIMITS OF CHARITY: MOTHERHOOD, FEMININE ROLES, AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY IN EDITH WHARTON'S SUMMER 27 CHAPTER TWO: PEDAGOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 64 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE MAJOR WRITINGS OF EDITH WHARTON 67 SOURCES 70 vi PREFACE When I began preparing for my thesis, I was not sure exactly what I wanted to focus on. -
John Saillant on the Transformation of Charity in Postrevolutionary New England
Conrad Edick Wright. The Transformation of Charity in Postrevolutionary New England. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1992. x + 330 pp. $50.00, cloth, ISBN 978-1-55553-123-2. Reviewed by John D. Saillant Published on H-Early-America (March, 1996) The theme of "philanthropy and its discon‐ teenth-century and early-nineteenth-century tents" is important for those interested in philan‐ America, philanthropy was the focus of intense thropy as well as those interested in contempo‐ discussion. Moreover, Wright argues, the develop‐ rary social thought. As Robert L. Payton notes in ment of the ideas and the institutions of philan‐ his Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public thropy was bound up with the creation of a mod‐ Good, not only the usefulness but also even the ern, postrevolutionary society in the United existence of philanthropy has been challenged in States. Indeed, the word "philanthropy," little used the twentieth century. Some believe, Payton notes, by Americans before the Revolution became pop‐ that "philanthropy undercuts the will to work and ular around 1780 (120-121). Before the Revolu‐ vitiates the necessity for each person to stand on tion, Americans generally avoided "philanthropy" his or her own feet." Some believe, Payne notes in favor of such terms as "benevolence," "charity," further, that "human nature at its core makes phi‐ "compassion," and "kindness." Understood accord‐ lanthropy illusory, as Freud believed religion to ing to its etymology as referring to "love of hu‐ be; philanthropy is an example of what in Marxist mankind," "philanthropy" seemed too abstract terms is called 'false consciousness,' an ideological and ambitious to seventeenth-century and eigh‐ sleight-of-hand that tries to put a benevolent face teenth-century Americans, who preferred more on an exploitative system." [Robert L.