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Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING AN INSPECTION OF HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM DEALS WITH MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NORTHERN IRELAND OCTOBER 2020 MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING AN INSPECTION OF HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM DEALS WITH MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NORTHERN IRELAND. OCTOBER 2020 Laid before the Northern Ireland Assembly under Section 49(2) of the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002 (as amended by paragraph 7(2) of Schedule 13 to The Northern Ireland Act 1998 (Devolution of Policing and Justice Functions) Order 2010) by the Department of Justice. ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING AN INSPECTION OF HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM DEALS WITH MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NORTHERN IRELAND OCTOBER 2020 FOREWORD INSPECTOR’S CHIEF CONTENTS SUMMARY EXECUTIVE List of abbreviations 2 Chief Inspector’s Foreword 4 Executive summary 6 Recommendations 10 RECOMMENDATIONS Inspection Report Chapter 1: Introduction 15 Chapter 2: Strategy and governance 22 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: Chapter 3: Delivery 50 Chapter 4: Outcomes 95 Appendices GOVERNANCE AND STRATEGY CHAPTER 2: Appendix 1 Methodology and terms of reference 108 Appendix 2 Typology of the types of modern slavery offences in the United Kingdom 114 Appendix 3 United Nations Human Trafficking Indicators 117 DELIVERY CHAPTER 3: OUTCOMES CHAPTER 4: APPENDICES 1 ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING AN INSPECTION OF HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM DEALS WITH MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NORTHERN IRELAND OCTOBER 2020 FOREWORD INSPECTOR’S CHIEF LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AGS An Garda Síochána SUMMARY EXECUTIVE C2 PSNI Branch within Crime Operations Department CAT Committee Against Torture (UN Committee) CEDAW United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women RECOMMENDATIONS CJI Criminal Justice Inspection Northern Ireland CLASSIS On line training technology (within PSNI) CMS Case Management System (within PPS) CPS Crown Prosecution Service (in England and Wales) CRU Central Referral Unit of Public Protection Unit (within PSNI) INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: CSE Child Sexual Exploitation DfC Department for Communities DoH Department of Health DoJ Department of Justice DPC District Policing Command (within PSNI) GOVERNANCE AND STRATEGY CHAPTER 2: ECHR European Convention on Human Rights EU European Union GB Great Britain GLA Gangmasters Licensing Authority DELIVERY CHAPTER 3: GLAA Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority HMICFRS Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (formerly Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC)) HMO Houses of Multiple Occupancy HMRC Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs OUTCOMES CHAPTER 4: HSCB Health and Social Care Board HSCT Health and Social Care Trust IASC Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner APPENDICES JATF Joint Agency Task Force JSTAC Joint Slavery Trafficking and Analysis Centre JIT European Joint Investigation Team LPT Local Policing Team (within PSNI) MSHT Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking 2 ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING AN INSPECTION OF HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM DEALS WITH MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NORTHERN IRELAND OCTOBER 2020 MSHTU Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Unit (within PSNI) FOREWORD INSPECTOR’S CHIEF MSTG Modern Slavery Threat Group NCA National Crime Agency NCALT Police Online National Centre for Applied Learning Technology NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NICHE Records Management System developed by Niche Technology Inc. SUMMARY EXECUTIVE used by the PSNI NILGA Northern Ireland Local Government Association NIPB Northern Ireland Policing Board NIPS Northern Ireland Prison Service RECOMMENDATIONS NPT Neighbourhood Policing Team (within PSNI) NRM National Referral Mechanism OCTF Organised Crime Task Force PCSP Police and Community Safety Partnership PEEL HMICFRS Police Effectiveness, Efficiency and Legitimacy Assessment PfG Programme for Government INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: PoInt Police Intranet (within PSNI) PPB Public Protection Branch (within PSNI) PPS Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland PPU Public Protection Unit (within PSNI) GOVERNANCE AND STRATEGY CHAPTER 2: PSNI Police Service of Northern Ireland S Section SCA Single Competent Authority SCU Serious Crime Unit (within PPS) DELIVERY CHAPTER 3: SPOC Single Point of Contact SPP Senior Public Prosecutor (within PPS) STPO(s) Slavery and Trafficking Prevention Order(s) STRO(s) Slavery and Trafficking Risk Order(s) OUTCOMES CHAPTER 4: SWLG Sex Worker Liaison Group TNA Training Needs Analysis TTCG Tactical Tasking and Co-ordination Group (within PSNI) UN United Nations APPENDICES UNCRC UN Committee on the Rights of the Child UK United Kingdom UKBF UK Border Force 3 ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING AN INSPECTION OF HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM DEALS WITH MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NORTHERN IRELAND OCTOBER 2020 FOREWORD INSPECTOR’S CHIEF CHIEF INSPECTOR’S FOREWORD Some people find it hard to believe that there are victims of human trafficking SUMMARY EXECUTIVE and modern slavery in our community. It can seem like something that happens somewhere else and while referred to being ‘hidden in plain sight’ some people can turn a blind eye. RECOMMENDATIONS There are men, women and children in our As with many complex issues in the community who are being degraded and criminal justice system, the most effective dehumanised. They can be part of a group response requires a cross Government and or on their own, working on building sites, partnership approach enabled by legislative in the agricultural sector, at car washes, and strategy reform and raising awareness in nail bars and in domestic settings. They in industry, service providers, employers, can be children who are being trafficked employees and with service users. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: from one part of Northern Ireland to another for sexual exploitation. Victims There is a well-established legislative and are some of the most vulnerable and governance framework in place across the traumatised in the criminal justice system. United Kingdom with good links between the National Crime Agency and the Police They may not be recognised as victims GOVERNANCE AND STRATEGY CHAPTER 2: and they may not recognise themselves Service of Northern Ireland. However, the as victims. full range of enforcement powers available elsewhere in the United Kingdom need This inspection examined how modern to be replicated in Northern Ireland. slavery and human trafficking was dealt with in the criminal justice system in A key highlight was the excellent working DELIVERY CHAPTER 3: Northern Ireland with particular emphasis relationships between the Police Service on the Police Service of Northern Ireland. of Northern Ireland Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Unit officers and It is vital that Police Officers are aware of the Public Prosecution Service for and are skilled at responding to the signs Northern Ireland specialist prosecutors. OUTCOMES CHAPTER 4: and indicators of these often hidden and This model has much to commend it, always harmful crimes. To do this they especially if extended to cases involving need help from the public to understand child victims. the impact of these offences, recognise the signs and report concerns. APPENDICES 4 ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING AN INSPECTION OF HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM DEALS WITH MODERN SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NORTHERN IRELAND OCTOBER 2020 This report makes three strategic and eight The consultation also included putting operational recommendations aimed at victim support measures, while already FOREWORD INSPECTOR’S CHIEF better understanding the nature and scale in operation, on a statutory footing. of modern slavery and human trafficking These actions demonstrate progress in and developing a more effective legislative meaningfully addressing some of the and strategy response. This includes a issues identified in this report. revised police strategic analysis to inform SUMMARY EXECUTIVE future potential investigative demands and However, it is important that all victim support needs. recommendations are implemented and a more effective response to This report took longer to complete identifying and protecting victims, than expected in the Terms of Reference supporting witnesses and bringing due to an unanticipated Ministerial offenders to justice is delivered to make RECOMMENDATIONS request for a review into the methods our community safer for everyone. the Police Service of Northern Ireland use to disclose information in respect of I am grateful for the work undertaken historic cases to the Office of the Police by the Inspection Team led by Dr Ian Ombudsman for Northern Ireland and Cameron and supported by Dr Roisin working arrangements during the Covid-19 Devlin and David MacAnulty. I am also INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: pandemic. very grateful to Simon Davies from Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and In July 2020 the Department of Justice Fire & Rescue Services for supporting the consulted on changing the requirement review of the Police Service of Northern to publish an annual Modern Slavery Ireland files. Strategy and take a longer term approach GOVERNANCE AND STRATEGY CHAPTER 2: supported by annual action plans. DELIVERY CHAPTER 3: Jacqui Durkin Chief Inspector of Criminal Justice OUTCOMES CHAPTER 4: in Northern Ireland October 2020 APPENDICES 5 ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF MODERN SLAVERY
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