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The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 Education, Music Copyright By HOLT, Dennis Michael, 1944- AN EVALUATION STUDY OF TWO UNITS OF INSTRUCTION FOR PROVIDING PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS WITH AN ORIENTATION TO SELECTED ASPECTS OF GENERAL MUSIC TEACHING AND LEARNING. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 Education, music University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by Dennis Michael Holt 1973 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. AN EVALUATION STUDY OF TWO UNITS OF INSTRUCTION FOR PROVIDING PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS WITH AN ORIENTATION TO SELECTED ASPECTS OF GENERAL MUSIC TEACHING AND LEARNING DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio state University By Dennis Michael Holt, B.A., M.Ed. ****** The Ohio State University 1973 Reading Committee: Approved by Henry L. Cady John B . Hough H. Wayne Ramsey School ot Music ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author expresses his appreciation to those per­ sons whose assistance made the completion of this project possible, especially the following: Dr. Henry L. Cady, adviser, for his critical exam­ ination of this study at each stage of its development, and the many improvements resulting from his scholarly insight. Appreciation is also extended to the other members of the author's committee, Dr. John B. Hough, and Dr. H. Wayne Ramsey; Mrs. Rebecca Burns, music specialist, Colonial Hills Elementary School, Worthington Public Schools, Worthington, Ohio, for her excellent cooperation and assistance; Mrs. Patricia Saunders, programmer, The Instruction and Research Computer Center of The Ohio State Univer­ sity, whose thoughtful assistance is acknowledged; Libby Wilson Holt, wife, for her patience, assistance, and encouragement, which were instrumental in the comple­ tion of this project. ii VITA February 6, 1944 . Born— Youngwood, Pennsylvania 1966 ................. B.A., West Virginia Wesleyan College Summer, 1966 ......... Graduate Study in Music Education, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1966-1968 ........... Elementary Music Specialist, Newark School District, Newark, Delaware 1968 ................. Junior High Music Teacher and High School Director of Choral Groups, Kennett Square Consolidated School District, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 1969 ................. M.Ed., West Chester State College, West Chester, Pennsylvania Summer, 1969 .......... Graduate Study in Music Education, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 1969 ................. Instructor, Music Education Divi­ sion, School of Music, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 1970-1973 ........... Teaching Associate, School of Music, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Studies in Music Education. Professors Henry L. Cady, A. Peter Costanza and H. Wayne Ramsey Studies in the Theory and History of Music. Professors Marshall H. Barnes, B. William Poland, Harold T. Luce,' J. A. Huff, Herbert S. Livingston, and Keith E. Mixter Studies in Educational Research. Professors James B Gunnell and John J. Kennedy Studies in Educational Foundations and Curriculum. Professors Donald P. Cottrell, John B. Hough and Paul R. Klohr TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................... ii VITA .................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ............................................ vii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEM ......................... 1 Introduction Problem Overview of the Report II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ................. 14 Need for the Study Rationale for the Development of the Units of Instruction Rationale for the Development of the Measurement Instruments Summary III. METHODOLOGY ..................................... 53 Developmental Phase Implementation Phase Analysis of Data IV. PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE D A T A ......... 88 Introduction Variance of Group Test Scores Multiple Regression Analysis of Test Scores and Fifteen Independent Variables Tests for Significant Differences Between Groups Acceptability of Instructional Procedures Problems Affecting the Employment of Educa­ tional Films as the Basis of a Measurement Instrument Problems Affecting the Instructional Procedures v Chapter Page V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 140 Purpose Procedures Summary of the Findings Conclusions and Implications Recommendations for Further Research APPENDICES A. DESCRIPTION OF EDUCATIONAL FILM CONTENT ....... 161 B. COURSE BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES ...................... 164 C. FIRST CLASSROOM OBSERVATION GUIDE .................. 166 D. SECOND CLASSROOM OBSERVATION GUIDE ............... 168 E. THIRD CLASSROOM OBSERVATION GUIDE .................. 171 F. TEST OF MUSIC TEACHING AND LEARNING AWARENESS . 174 G. SUBJECTS' BACKGROUND INFORMATION QUESTIONNAIRE . 230 ' H. STUDENT EFFECTIVENESS-SATISFACTION SCALE FOR INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED ............... 235 I. FILM VIEWING GUIDE: PRELIMINARY F O R M ........... 239 J. DETAILED FILM VIEWING GUIDE: PRELIMINARY FORM . 241 K. SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS FOR PRESENTATION- PARTICIPATION ..................................... 243 L. LESSON OUTLINE FOR CLASS DISCUSSION OF OBSERVATION 4 ....................................243 M. TEST QUESTIONS FOR CLASS SESSION 7 ..............247 N. CORRELATION M A T R I X ............................... 249 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................ 251 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Total Test Scores for Four Groups: Mean., Standard Deviations, Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Comparison Tests .................. 92 2. Group Test Scores for Part A of the Test— Teaching Method: Treatment Means in Rank Order, Standard Deviations, Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Comparison Tests .... 55 3. Group Test Scores for Part B of the Test— Musical Activities: Treatment Means in Rank Order, Standard Deviations, Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Comparison Tests . 97 4. Group Test Scores for Part C of the Test— Musical Elements: Treatment Means in Rank Order, Standard Deviations, Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Comparison Tests .... 99 5. Group Test Scores for Part D of the Test- Musical Concepts: Treatment Means in Rank Order, standard Deviations, Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Comparison Tests .... 101 6. Group Test Scores for Part E of the Test— Teaching Materials: Treatment Means in Rank Order, Standard Deviations, Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Comparison Tests .... 103 7. Correlations Between Variables Which Are Significant at the .05 L e v e l .................... 106 8. Stepwise Multiple Regression on Dependent Variable, TMTLA Total Score: Step 1— Variable Entered is Cumulative Average .... 108 9. Stepwise Multiple Regression on Dependent Variable, TMTLA Total Score: Step 2— Variable Entered is College Music Course 1, Music 270: Basic Experience in Music: Fundamentals ................................... 109 vii Table Page 10. Stepwise Multiple Regression on Dependent Variable, TMTLA Total Score: Step 3— Variable Entered is Prior Elementary Music Teaching Experience . 110 11. Pinal Summary of Regression on Dependent V a r i a b l e .......................................... Ill 12. Significant Differences Between Groups with Respect to the Fifteen Variables ............... 113 13. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 2 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Presentation-Participation Techniques in Learning Teaching Method ........................ 115 14. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 2 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Presentation-Participation Techniques in Learning Musical Activities .................... 116 15. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 2 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Presentation-Participation Techniques in Learning Musical Elements ...................... 117 16. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 2 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Presentation-Participation Techniques in Learning Musical Concepts ....................... 118 17. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 2 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Presentation-Participation Techniques in Learning Teaching Materials ..................... 119 18. Treatment Groups 1 and 2 Suggestions for Improve­ ment of Lecture-Demonstration Unit of Instruction ................................... 12° 19. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 3 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Observation-Discussion Techniques in Learning Teaching Methods.................................. 123 viii Table Page 20. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 3 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Observation-Discussion Techniques in Learning Musical Activities........................ 124 21. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 3 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Observation-Discussion Techniques in Learning Musical Elements ................................. 125 22. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 3 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Observation-Discussion Techniques in Learning Musical Concepts ................................. 126 23. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 2 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Observation-Discussion Techniques in Learning Teaching Materials ............................... 127 24. Analysis of Treatment Groups 1 and 3 Responses Concerning Effectiveness and Satisfaction with Observation-Discussion Techniques in Learning Class Discussion ................................... 128 25. Treatment
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