Review of Aboriginal Culture in Relation to Granite Outcrops, a Western Australian Focus by Pat Forster
[email protected] 29/04/2020 Warning: Readers are respectfully advised that this review contains names of Aboriginal persons who are deceased. 1 INTRODUCTION This review about Aboriginal culture draws mainly on references relating to Western Australia (WA). Most refer to Noongar Country which is in the south-west of the State. Noongar Country is approximately triangular with boundaries from Geraldton down the west coast to Augusta, east along the south coast to Esperance, and the third side of the triangle goes from Esperance to Geraldton. Noongar Country has fourteen language groups which are distinguished in the review when language groups are available for references, for example as Whadjuk Noongar, Menang Noongar. Other major groupings referred to, each with multiple language groups, are peoples of the Eastern Goldfields, the mid-west (Murchison and Gascoyne regions), north-west (the Pilbara), north (the Kimberley), and the Central Deserts. To locate the territories of all language groups in WA, the reader can view, online, the map by Tindale (1940) and a simpler version by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Studies (1996). The spelling of Noongar and other names in the review varies – each version matches that in the papers from which the names were retrieved. Facts about, and uses of, granite outcrops are included as well as cultural narratives. My intention was that cultural references would relate to traditional, pre-European settlement culture. However, whether or not current accounts by Aboriginal people reveal knowledge which is free of European influence is a moot point: narratives evolve over time, in the oral tradition and by different speakers, and sometimes take in contemporary conditions (Maranda, 1972).