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Postanje - Povezivanje Nauke I Biblije” (U PDF Formatu) Učinili Smo Besplatno Dostupnom Na Internetu, Za Ličnu POSTANJE (Nekomercijalnu) Upotrebu Arijel Rot Elektronsku verziju knjige “Postanje - povezivanje nauke i Biblije” (u PDF formatu) učinili smo besplatno dostupnom na Internetu, za ličnu POSTANJE (nekomercijalnu) upotrebu. - povezivanje nauke i Biblije - Ukoliko želite da nabavite ovu knjigu u štampanom obliku, poručite je telefonom, na broj 062/200-046 Izdavač Naslov originala: Or i gi Ns: Li Nki Ng sc i eNc e aNd sc r i pt ur e by ariel a. r oth Predgovor Neki smatraju pokušaj povezivanja nauke i Biblije nemogućim zadatkom. Ova knjiga dovodi u pitanje tu “nemogućnost”. Ovo je pokušaj da se pokaže da razdvojenost između nauke i Biblije nije ono što se često pretpostavlja da jeste, i da postoji razuman sklad između njih. u raspravama o istinitosti nauke i Biblije pažnja se često usredsređuje na neku posebnu temu, kao na primer: pitanje kako je život mogao nastati sam od sebe, ili pitanje autentičnosti izveštaja o stvaranju koji je zapisan u Bibliji. Međutim, pitanje porekla je veoma široko i bavi se počecima gotovo svega. Ovako kompleksan problem zahteva široku analizu i procenu. Ova knjiga je pokušaj da se dâ uvid u tu širu sliku. Često verujemo usko specijalizovanim stručnjacima koji veruju drugim usko specijalizovanim stručnjacima, od kojih su svi zasnovali svoj “pogled na svet” na preovlađujućim stavovima, a da nisu imali šansu da procene tu širu sliku koju mi tako često prihvatamo. suviše često izvlačimo preširoke zaključke iz jedne uske baze podataka, nesvesni da smo pristrasno isključivi. sociolog posmatra grad iz drugačije perspektive nego arhitekta, pa ipak, obojica vide celokupnu sliku. t rudio sam se da izvršim “specijalizaciju” na sveobuhvatniji način, procenjujući razna tumačenja na osnovu naučnih činjenica i na osnovu Biblije. Mada sam pokušavao da pokrijem mnoge oblasti, bio sam prinuđen da izaberem ograničen broj tema za diskusiju. t rudio sam se da izaberem najvažnije teme - koje predstavljaju najveći izazov Bibliji i nauci. kompleksnim pitanji- ma porekla prilazi se iz raznih perspektiva. počinjući sa istorijom sukoba između nauke i religije, ova knjiga zatim razmatra biološka, paleontološka i geološka tumačenja. potom slede procene nauke, Biblije i onih gledišta koja se nalaze između biblijskog koncepta stvaranja i evolucije. Mada bih voleo da sam u knjizi obradio i desetine drugih tema, nisam mogao, na žalost, pisati o svemu, i mnogi čitaoci će, verujem, biti obradovani što to nisam ni pokušao! Jedan od stavova u ovoj raspravi jeste da istina treba da ima smisla. drugim rečima, istina će izdržati svako ispitivanje; međutim, to ispitivanje treba da je dovoljno sveobuhvatno da bi imalo značaj u odnosu na postavljena pitanja. 5 Jedan od razočaravajućih aspekata ljudske prirode je taj da, češće nego što evoluciju nisu ni malo zadovoljavajuća. Nedostaje im definicija, kao i nauč- većina nas priznaje, verujemo ono što želimo da verujemo, umesto onoga na ili biblijska potvrda, ili potvrda iz bilo kog drugog izvora informacija. što govore činjenice. Zato je veoma važno u našem traganju za istinom da izbe- svestan sam da oni čija se gledišta razlikuju od mog mogu reći da je moj gavamo oslanjanje na pretpostavke i da obratimo naročitu pažnju na najčvršća pristup neprijatan. ako je to slučaj, neka prihvate moje iskreno izvinjenje. uporišta koja možemo naći. kao praktični naučnik ja nauku shvatam krajnje podstakao bih takve ljude da nastave proučavanje, komunikaciju i doprinos ozbiljno, a kao onaj koji ceni i religiju shvatam i Bibliju isto tako ozbiljno. ukupnom ljudskom fondu znanja. svi imamo mnogo toga da učimo jedni od iz štampe su u poslednje vreme izašle mnoge knjige koje osporavaju kon- drugih. cept biblijskog stvaranja, evoluciju, ili s tim konceptima povezana gledišta. u ovoj knjizi, tamo gde je to moguće, pokušao sam da dam jednu konstruktivni- ariel a. r ot ju sintezu. to je bilo lakše postići u drugom delu knjige. u isto vreme, pokušao sam da obratim naročitu pažnju kritičkoj proceni. Mnoge objavljene diskusije o ovoj temi ignorišu geologiju, pa sam se trudio da popunim tu prazninu. r azmatranja se usredsređuju na probleme gde se ukrštaju nauka i religi- ja. Čitalac će otkriti više mogućih korišćenja opštih izraza kakvi su nauka i religija. t o može biti zbunjujuće, a za diskusiju je važno precizno razumeva - nje. da bih pojasnio terminologiju često sam opširnije objašnjavao određene termine u tekstu. Naročito su značajni termini kao što su: nauka, naturalis- tička nauka, metodološka nauka, religija, Biblija i teologija. Jedan broj zaključaka koje iznosim nije opšte prihvaćen. pozivam čitaoca da ih proceni na osnovu činjenica, a ne na osnovu predubeđenja. Ne može- mo formulisati nove koncepte jednostavnim prihvatanjem starih. Nekoliko poglavlja (naročito poglavlja 4, 8, 10 i 14) više se bave stručni- jim temama. pokušao sam da ih pojednostavim, ali se bojim da će ipak za neke biti teško razumljiva. Ona su važna, ali bi neki čitaoci mogli samo da pročitaju zaključke na kraju tih poglavlja, a zatim da pređu na lakše teme. predstavlja li ova knjiga jedan uravnotežen pristup? da li je nepristrasna? Na žalost, odgovor na oba pitanja verovatno je - ne. Naročito sam se trudio da budem pošten u odnosu na činjenice, obraćajući posebnu pažnju na one najpouzdanije, ali ko može tvrditi da je sasvim nepristrasan? kad je tu ma - čenje činjenica u pitanju, ne tvrdim da sam pokušao da dam svakom glediš- tu podjednak tretman, jer ova knjiga nije pregled preovlađujućih mišljenja. Međutim, u jednom broju oblasti naš nivo informacija je tako nizak u poređenju sa onim koji nam je potreban za bilo kakve konačne zaključke, da sam ponudio nekoliko opcija na razmatranje. kad pogledam neku novu knjigu, jedna od prvih stvari koje učinim jeste da pogledam završno poglavlje i tako odredim autorovu perspektivu. uštedeću vam taj trud, ako to već niste uradili. Moj zaključak je da mnogo više naučnih činjenica podržava Bibliju, nego što većina ljudi pretpostavlja. Mada se veliki broj činjenica tumači kao da ide u prilog evoluciji, evolucionističko gledište je ograničeno i ostavlja nas bez odgovora na mnoga pitanja, uključujući i ono vezano za samu svrhu našeg postojanja. kada razmotrimo celu sliku, čini se da koncept stvaranja nudi mnogo više objašnjenja nego evolucija. sa druge strane, tumačenja koja pokušavaju da kombinuju koncept stvaranja i 6 7 PITANJA 1. Neprolazno pitanje Jedno je želeti da istina bude na našoj strani, a drugo je iskrena želja da se bude na strani istine. - r ičard Vejtli 1 državni komitet za obrazovanje Oregonske zakonodavne skupštine za - kazao je jedno javno saslušanje u glavnom gradu te države, salemu. Velika sala bila je prepuna, a komitet je morao da otvori četiri druge sale da bi bilo mesta za sve zainteresovane posmatrače. sporno je bilo pitanje učenja bib- lijskog koncepta stvaranja u državnim školama u Oregonu. Javnost je bila podeljena oko koncepta stvaranja i evolucije, i zakonodavstvo je razmatralo novi zakon koji bi zahtevao uravnotežen tretman oba gledišta. kad sam se obratio komitetu, istakao sam da neslaganja između ovih gledišta nisu oko činjenica, već oko tumačenja činjenica. i evolucionisti i zas- tupnici biblijskog koncepta stvaranja prihvataju naučne činjenice, ali ih dru- gačije razumeju. Na primer, evolucionisti smatraju da su sličnosti u ćelijskoj strukturi, biohemiji i anatomiji, nađene kod različitih tipova životinja i bilja- ka, rezultat zajedničkog evolutivnog porekla, dok zastupnici koncepta stvaranja posmatraju iste činjenice kao otiske stvaranja jednog istog dizaj - nera, Boga. posle nekoliko sati diskusije, predsednik je izneo svoj zaključak. istakao je da zapravo i nema spornih pitanja, jer je koncept stvaranja izgubio u nad- metanju sa naukom pre više od 100 godina. po njegovom mišljenju taj kon- flikt je odavno rešen. Njegova izjava je učinila da se neki od nas zapitamo zašto je uopšte sazvan javni skup. kao ključni govornik koji zastupa koncept stvaranja, bio sam iznenađen time koliko sam bio neuspešan! t aj sastanak me je podsetio da vrlo emotivno doživljavamo osnovno filozofsko pitanje našeg porekla. Ne - iskazano pre 100 godina i danas je na snazi. Otvoreni konflikt između savremenih naučnih tumačenja i Biblije besni već dva veka. t o je jedna od najvećih intelektualnih borbi svih vremena. Oruđa u toj borbi su pero i jezik, a bojno polje je ljudski um. Ovo pitanje utiče na naš pogled na svet, na naš razlog za postojanje i na našu nadu u budućnost. t o nije pitanje koje se može ignorisati. 11 Neprolazno pitanje: Šta je istinito, nauka ili Biblija? O pitanjima konačnog porekla, kakvo je postanak univerzuma, ili postanak Nauka - verovatno najveće intelektualno dostignuće čoveka - s pravom Boga, nekad se raspravlja, ali sa malo dokaza i malo definitivnih odgovora. zahteva poštovanje. kada naučnici daju izjave, one se možda neće razumeti, Nećemo se zadržavati na ovim visoko spekulativnim pitanjima. Međutim, ali će im se verovatno verovati. sudske odluke i reklame za komercijalne raspravljaćemo detaljno o opravdanosti i evolucionističkog koncepta natu- proizvode često se pozivaju na naučne testove kao na konačnu reč. Nauka ralističke nauke i koncepta stvaranja opisanog u Bibliji. nam je donela kompjutere, kosmičke letelice i genetski inženjering. Ona je Nekad čujemo tvrdnje da i stvaranje i evolucija počivaju na veri - da ne gotovo više nego uspešna.2 možemo dokazati nijedno od njih. u izvesnoj meri to je istina, jer oboje Moćna naučna zajednica generalno potvrđuje evolucionistički koncept, predstavljaju jedinstvene događaje u prošlosti koje je teško testirati i smatrajući da su se univerzum i život razvili sami od sebe, dok istovremeno proceniti. ali naša vera je sigurnija ako je zasnovana na dokazima. da, dovodi u pitanje ili ignoriše koncept Boga stvoritelja. t akav pristup naučnu moramo da ispoljimo neku veru. Činimo to i kad sadimo seme, ili letimo zajednicu dovodi u sukob sa onima koji prihvataju izveštaj o Zemljinoj istori- avionom. Većina nas ima veru da će ono što je normalno preovladati. ali ji dat u Bibliji. u tom izveštaju, koji mnogi smatraju istorijskim otkrivenjem, naša vera potiče iz prošlog iskustva. t ako i naši odgovori na pitanja o porek- Bog je stvoritelj svega, i tu religiozni čovek nalazi podatke bitne za lu ne treba da počivaju samo na slepoj veri.
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