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Easter in Estonia
Easter in Estonia Folk calendar is a long and evolving process, which has been changed mainly by the changes in the economic situation and environment, political and religious systems, fashion and media, taste, charismatic persons and other factors. Similarly, elements of folk calendar, such as the chronological system and calendar holidays, as well as traditions, beliefs, taboos and entertainment associated with it, have changed over the centuries. Very little is known about the prehistoric Estonian folk cal- endar, as regular recording of calendar reports began only in the 19th and 20th century. Earlier traditions are mentioned in visita- tion and witch trial documents, travel letters, chronicles and books. Arguments based on the prehistoric Estonian folk calendar are largely hypothetical and presumptuous. Apparently, its most important function was counting weeks, each consisting of seven days. Prehistoric Estonians mostly observed the lunar calendar but also celebrated major solar calendar holidays. Celebrating the beginning and end of major works and the change of seasons has also been central in the tradition. The establishment of Catholicism in the area in the 13th cen- tury brought a critical change in the Estonian folk calendar along: people began celebrating saints’ feast days, construct churches, chapels and crosses dedicated to Catholic saints. Former sa- cred places were abandoned in favour of others recognised by the Catholic Church, and the reform of the economic calendar began; new holidays were adopted, several mythological beings were attributed new names and celebrating the rituals connected with these probably changed in manner and time. It is believed that around the same time the system of sacrificing at specific calendar days changed. -
LITHUANIAN HERITAGE Issue-Mar-Apr-2018.Pdf
SUPPLEMENT TO DRAUGAS NEWS MAR/ APR 2018 VOL 6 (S2) In this issue: Views of East Prussia Antanas Gustaitis and his ANBO Planes Opposites Pro-independence P.R. in 1919 –22 USAF Lt. Col. and Physician Banionis Babka: The Easter Queen Lithuanian Portraits The late Prof. Kazys Almenas, nuclear physicist, engineer, and essayist, exploring the ruins of a church in Gross Ottenhagen in East Prussia, now part of the Kaliningrad Oblast. Volume 6, Number S2 Mar / Apr 2018 FEATURES Views of East Prussia by Romanas Borisovas 6 by Kazys Almenas The paintings cover a period when cataclysmic change swept over East Prussia, a time when the cultural heritage of an entire historical era was being mercilessly destroyed. 11 Antanas Nori Būti Ore – Gustaitis and ANBO by Mindaugas Sereičikas During his years in the Lithuanian Air Force, Antanas Gustaitis built and made trial flights in 9 different types of ANBO planes. They became one of the best-known symbols of nationhood in Lithuania in the years 6 before the Second World War. page 15 Opposites by Constantine K. Kliorys I lectured in Lithuania both behind the Iron Curtain and after it was lifted. Luckily mathematics is the same, 2 + 2 is still 4 for both com - munists and capitalists. Most other things are different. 18 P.R. in the Fight for Lithuania’s Independence by Eric Sibul In order to change this situation, and to influence the American government to support de jure recognition of Lithuanian independence, Lithuanian Americans enlisted the assistance two of the foremost pioneers in the fields of public relations, public opinion, and propaganda, Edward Bernays and Carl Byoir. -
Gimbutas.Pdf
THE BALTS by Marija Gimbutas Thames and Hudson London 1963 5 CONTENTS List of Illustrations ............................................ 6 Foreword ........................................................... 11 Introduction ....................................................... 13 I Linguistic and Historic Background ................. 21 II Their Origins ..................................................... 37 III The Bronze and the Early Iron Age of the Maritime Balts ................................................... 54 IV The Bronze and the Early Iron Age of the Eastern Balts ..................................................... 91 V The “Golden Age”............................................. 109 VI The Baltic “Middle Iron Age” .......................... 141 VII The Balts Before the Dawn of History .............. 155 VIII Religion ............................................................. 179 Notes ................................................................. 205 Bibliography ...................................................... 214 Sources of Illustrations ...................................... 224 The Plates .......................................................... 227 Notes On the Plates ........................................... 269 Index .................................................................. 277 6 ILLUSTRATIONS All images have been omitted from this PDF version of the book, in order to make the size of the file smaller. If you would like to see them, they are all available on the HTML version of this -
Studies Into the Balts' Sacred Places
Studies into the Balts’ Sacred Places Vykintas Vaitkevičius Lithuanian Institute of History BAR International Series 1228 2004 British Archaeological Reports are published by John and Erica Hedges Ltd and by Archaeopress This volume has been published by: John and Erica Hedges Ltd British Archaeological Reports 7 Longworth Road Oxford OX2 6RA England Tel/Fax +44(0)1865 511560 E-mail: [email protected] www.barhedges.com Enquiries regarding the submission of manuscripts for future publication may be sent to the above address Do look at the web site which has a list of all BARs in print. BAR S1228 Studies into the Balts’ Sacred Places © Vykintas Vaitkevičius 2004. Volume Editor: John W Hedges Printed in England by Biddles Ltd ISBN 1 84171 356 2 All BAR titles available from: Hadrian Books 122 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7BP England E-mail: [email protected] www.hadrianbooks.co.uk The current BAR catalogue with details of all titles in print, prices and means of payment, is available free from Hadrian Books or access web site All volumes are distributed by Hadrian Book Ltd Translation: Dalia Minkutė Copy-editor: Jane Anson Layout: Aneta Ščepkauskaitė Review: Dr Audronė Bliujienė, Dr Vytautas Kazakevičius Vykintas Vaitkevièius. Studies into the Balts sacred places Preface Balts sacred places, the old common name of which is alkai, are one of the most interesting monument groups. They have not been properly protected or investigated for many years for various reasons: ideological, methodological, and finan- cial. A sacred place is not only a hill or a stone. Usually they have their own names and are shrouded in place-legends and be- liefs. -
Atoll Research Bulletin No
\SbS W88/ ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 494 'r*r f :f **^P\r *™*' t'^*T'' "*USE&>'"^^sfe^'^v 'j^L'^^'Jii, 'MjftEramJL'*' till ^^^?[^^^^ ^^M^ B«p.Wx . v .f . ... y. -ft : ?^T...v^v.-"r*7}v' - ATOLL ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN GOLDEN ISSUE 1951-2001 RESEARCH Edited by Ian G. Macintyre BULLETIN Issued by NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C. U.S.A. DECEMBER 2001 ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 494 ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN GOLDEN ISSUE EDITED BY IAN G. MACINTYRE ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. DECEMBER 2001 11 The Atoll Research Bulletin is issued by the Smithsonian Institution to provide an outlet for information on the biota of tropical islands and reefs and on the environment that supports the biota. The Bulletin is supported by the National Museum of Natural History and is produced by the Smithsonian Press. This issue is partly financed and distributed with funds from Atoll Research Bulletin readers and authors. The Bulletin was founded in 1951 and the first 117 numbers were issued by the Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, with financial support from the Office of Naval Research. Its pages were devoted largely to reports resulting from the Pacific Science Board's Coral Atoll Program. All statements made in papers published in the Atoll Research Bulletin are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Smithsonian nor of the editors of the Bulletin. Articles submitted for publication in the Atoll Research Bulletin should be original papers in a format similar to that found in recent issues of the Bulletin. -
Volume-5-Number-5.Pdf (Link Is External)
The Morris Dancer (Online) ISSN 2056-8045 The Morris Dancer Being an occasional publication of the Morris Ring Volume 5, Number 5 September 2017 98 THE MORRIS DANCER Edited, on behalf of the Morris Ring, by Mac McCoig 8 Redhills, Eccleshall, Stafford, ST21 6JW 01785 851052 [email protected] Volume 5, No. 5 September 2017 Contents: Editorial Page 100 The Oxford University Morris Men 1899 – 1914 Part Two (Continued from MD Vol 5 No. 3 Nov 2014) Roy Judge (1970) Page 101 The Golden Bough, Mumming and St George Julian Whybra Page 103 Thomas Slye, Kemp’s Pipe and Taborer Julian Whybra Page 123 Book Reviews: Page 126 The History of Morris Dancing 1458-1750 by John Forrest. Review by Brian Tasker Cover picture: Front Cover of The Esperance Morris Book Part 2 by Mary Neal (1911) At the 2014 Jigs Instructional, the three Editors agreed to remind readers what sort of material would be accepted for each Ring publication. In the case of The Morris Dancer, it is any article, paper or study which expands our knowledge of the Morris in all its forms. It is better that the text is referenced, so that other researchers may follow up if they wish to do so, but non-referenced writing will be considered. Text and pictures should be forwarded to: Mac McCoig, [email protected] 01785 851052 99 Editorial The Golden Bough, Mumming and St George Julian Whybra’s interesting article on Mumming and St George fans a spark into the much-derided works of Sir James George Fazer. -
Shelby Lee Reddig
March 31, 2017 The Tumbleweed Noteworthy News: Lustre Christian High School Volume 14, Issue 13 April 12: LCHS out @ 1:30 pm for East- er Break Schmeckfest Proves Successful By: Shelby Reddig April 13-17: Easter The smell of sauerkraut open from 5-7 pm. All of program. Lustre Children’s Break, No School and sausage permeated the the classics, including cab- Choir sang Deep, Deep April 21-22: District air. The bage rolls Down. Kaitlyn Toavs and Music Festival @ sun was and per- Kylie Kirkaldie played a WP shining, ishke, clarinet duet of Corrente and peo- were by Antonio Vivaldi, ar- ple piled served to ranged by Abraham A. into the over 700 Schwadron. Made Alive by school. people. Zach Bolen and Brian Beautiful Next was Eichelberger was per- auction the live formed by the LCHS Wor- items auction. ship Team. Amy Fast and filled the gymnasium. Items like a bookcase, a Brittany Archambeault March 24th, 2017, was leather tooled picture, and then sang Holy Spirit/ Lustre’s 52nd Annual stained glass were sold to Hymns Mash-Up by Fran- Schmeckfest! The evening some very happy custom- cesca Battistelli and Inside this issue: began with the food line ers. It was now time for the (See Schmeckfest page 3) Schmeckfest 1 Senior Chapel 1 Final Senior Chapel Presented By: Michael Brown Runner Chapel 2 The third and final senior sharing about the suffering it. Christ doesn’t stop lov- chapel of the year was on she has experienced in her ing us when we are suffer- Names of Easter 2 March 16. -
300 Social Sciences
300 300 Social sciences Class here behavioral sciences, social studies Class a specific behavioral science with the science, e.g., psychology 150; class military, diplomatic, political, economic, social, welfare aspects of a war with the history of the war, e.g., Vietnamese War 959.704 For language, see 400; for history, see 900 See Manual at 300 vs. 600; also at 300–330, 355–390 vs. 342–347, 352–354; also at 300, 320.6 vs. 352–354 SUMMARY 300.1–.9 Standard subdivisions 301–307 [Sociology and anthropology] 310 Collections of general statistics 320 Political science (Politics and government) 330 Economics 340 Law 350 Public administration and military science 360 Social problems and services; associations 370 Education 380 Commerce, communications, transportation 390 Customs, etiquette, folklore .1 Philosophy and theory .2 Miscellany Do not use for statistics; class in 310 .3–.9 Standard subdivisions 301 Sociology and anthropology Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Including nonliterate societies Class here interdisciplinary works on society, humans Class social problems and social welfare in 361–365 For specific topics in sociology and anthropology, see 302–307; for criminal anthropology, see 364.2; for customs, etiquette, folklore, see 390; for physical anthropology, see 599.9. For a specific aspect of society not provided for in 302–307, see the aspect, e.g., general history 900 See Manual at 301–307 vs. 361–365 341 301 Dewey Decimal Classification 301 .01 Philosophy and theory Do not use for psychological principles; class in 302 > 302–307 Specific topics in sociology and anthropology Unless other instructions are given, observe the following table of preference, e.g., friendship among women 302.34082 (not 305.4): Factors affecting social behavior 304 Social processes 303 Social interaction 302 Culture and institutions 306 Groups of people 305 Communities 307 Class comprehensive works in 301.