Needs Assesment of Community Schools and School Management Committees in Target Cocoa Growing Communities in Ghana
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Needs Assesment of Community Schools and School Management Committees in Target Cocoa Growing Communities in Ghana International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) September 2012 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2012 First published 2012 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH‐1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. IPEC Towards Child Labour Free Cocoa Growing Communities in Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana through an Integrated Area‐Based Approach: Needs Assesment of Community Schools and School Management Committees in Target Cocoa Growing Communities in Ghana / International Labour Office, International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) ‐ Geneva: ILO, 2012. ISBN: 978‐92‐2‐127151‐2 (Web International Labour Office; ILO International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data Acknowledgements This publication was elaborated by Osman Mensah, Collins Armah and Jody Williams for IPEC and coordinated by Alexandre Soho from IPEC Geneva Office. Funding for this ILO publication was provided by the United States Department of Labour (Project RAF/10/54/USA). 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Photos © IPEC Field office Photocomposed by IPEC Geneva ii Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................ vii Executive summary ........................................................................................................... ix 1. Project context and rationale ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project context ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rationale of the Needs Assessment ............................................................................ 1 1.3 Terms of reference ...................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Structure of the report ................................................................................................ 3 2. Methodology for assessment .......................................................................................... 5 2.1 Assessment design ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Desk review 5 2.1.2 Key informant interview and focus group discussions 5 2.1.3 Stakeholder consultation on findings and recommendations 5 2.2 Design of Assessment Tools ........................................................................................ 5 2.3 Method of data collection ........................................................................................... 6 2.4 Method of Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 6 3. Results of needs assessment ........................................................................................... 7 3.1 School Characteristics ................................................................................................. 7 3.1.2 Distance to school 10 3.2 Description and Condition of School Infrastructure ................................................. 11 3.2.1 Exterior Walls, Floor, Roof and Writing Board 11 3.2.3 Performance of Schools 31 3.2.4 School Governance Structures in the Target Communities 33 3.2.5 Monitoring and supervision mechanisms in public schools 40 3.3 Adequacy of qualified teachers and gaps ................................................................. 42 3.4 Adequacy of Instructional Hours ............................................................................... 44 3.5 Availability of Teaching/Learning Materials .............................................................. 48 3.6 Access and quality of delivery of social interventions .............................................. 51 3.7 Needs of Schools, Teachers and Pupils ..................................................................... 56 3.8 Level of Knowledge, awareness and attitudes towards child labour ....................... 72 3.9 Communities’ contributions to their schools and the forms of contribution ........... 74 3.10 Comparative assessment of school performance (Public vs. Private Schools) ......... 77 3.11 Educational Institution/Research and Development Organization, State and International Organization Involved in Target Communities .............................................. 80 iii 4. Conclusions and recommendations .............................................................................. 81 4.1 Summary of findings ................................................................................................. 81 4.2 Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 82 4.3 Recommendations .................................................................................................... 83 Annex 1. Terms of Reference ............................................................................................ 89 Annex 2. List of stakeholders met ................................................................................... 100 Annex 3. Assessment tools ............................................................................................. 110 List of figures Figure 3.1: Average Enrolment in Target Schools by district ............................................ 7 Figure 3.2: Gender Distribution of Target Schools by District ........................................... 8 Figure 3.3: Average Class Size per District ....................................................................... 8 Figure 3.4: Average Distance to School by Pupils .......................................................... 10 Figure 3.5: Description and Condition of Exterior Walls of Target Schools ..................... 12 Figure 3.6: Target schools with poor condition of flooring, roof and writing boards ....... 13 Figure 3.7: Condition of School Building in Target Schools ............................................ 14 Figure 3.8: Target Schools without Toilet and Urinal Facilities by Districts ..................... 20 Figure 3.9: Schools with Poor Condition of Toilet and Urinal Facility by District ............. 21 Figure 3.10: Target Schools with Separate Toilet and Urinal for Pupil and Teachers ......... 21 Figure 3.11: Target Schools without Separate Toilet and Urinals for Boys and Girls ......... 22 Figure 3.12: Schools with access to electricity by districts ............................................... 25 Figure 3.13: Target Schools without Handwashing Basin, First Aid Box, Playing Field and Teachers Bungalow ..................................................................................... 26 Figure 3.14: BECE Pass Rate in Target Schools in comparison with District ...................... 31 Figure 3.15: Progression from JHS to SHS (transition rate) .............................................. 32 Figure 3.16: Level of Participation of Parents SMC Members .......................................... 40 Figure 3.17: Pupil teacher and Pupil to Trained Teacher Ratios compared to National Averages ..................................................................................................... 43 Figure 3.18: Gender