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In the World of Academic Scholarship, Revision Is the Lifeblood of Our Work
IN THIS ISSUE In the world of academic scholarship, revision is the lifeblood of our work. New cultural and political realities continually prompt us to ask fresh questions; the discovery of additional sources forces scholars to revise assumptions that had once seemed clear; the evidence to which we appeal can always be interpreted in new contexts; and our methodological and disciplinary frameworks are always being challenged and refined. To the cynic, this constant process of revision can make scholarship seem like a hopelessly subjective enterprise—a gathering of endlessly shifting perspectives in which everything is merely an opinion and nothing is ever certain. But most of us recognize that our pursuit of Truth—be it in history, religion, philosophy, or any other discipline—is always, and necessarily, incomplete. The models we use to interpret the past frequently conceal as much as they reveal. Instead of making claims to describe the past “as it actually was,” in the words of the German historian Leopold von Ranke, it is more helpful for us to think of our work as a “continuing conversation” (or debate), as we seek to deepen our understanding of reality from new perspectives and amid changing circumstances. This issue of MQR offers readers a window into the revisionist nature of Anabaptist-Mennonite scholarship. The issue opens with my essay on the practice of church discipline among the Swiss Brethren that complicates conventional understandings of church-state relations in the seventeenth century. Traditionally, many historians of “confessional- ization” have argued that European states augmented their power in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by co-opting the moral authority, religious discipline, and ecclesiastical structures of the territorial church. -
A Study of the Life and Thought of Samuel Heinrich Froehlich
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-1998 A study of the life and thought of Samuel Heinrich Froehlich. K. Daniel Jahn University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Jahn, K. Daniel, "A study of the life and thought of Samuel Heinrich Froehlich." (1998). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 6923. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/6923 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has bean reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect repmduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscn'pt and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing fmm left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manusuipt have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9' black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustmtions appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell 8 HowaH Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY MENNONITE CONFESSIONS OF FAITH: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANABAPTIST TRADITION by Karl Peter Koop A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Theology of the University of St. Michae18s College and the Department of Theology of the Toronto School of Theology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology awarded by the University of St. -
Century Historiography of the Radical Reformation
Toward a Definition of Sixteenth - Century habaptism: Twentieth - Century Historiography of the Radical Reformation James R. Coggins Winnipeg "To define the essence is to shape it afresh." - Ernst Troeltsch Twentieth-century Anabaptist historiography has somewhat of the character of Hegelian philosophy, consisting of an already established Protestant-Marxist thesis, a Mennonite antithesis and a recent synthesis. The debate has centred on three major and related issues: geographic origin, intellectual sources, and essence. Complicating these issues has been confusion over the matter of categorization: Just who is to be included among the Anabaptists and who should be assigned to other groups? Indeed, what are the appropriate categories, or groups, in the sixteenth century? This paper will attempt to unravel some of the tangled debate that has gone on concerning these issues. The Protestant interpretation of Anabaptism has the longest aca- demic tradition, going back to the sixteenth century. Developed by such Protestant theologians and churchmen as Bullinger, Melanchthon, Men- ius, Rhegius and Luther who wrote works defining and attacking Ana- baptism, this interpretation arose out of the Protestant understanding of the church. Sixteenth-century Protestants believed in a single universal church corrupted by the Roman Catholic papacy but reformed by them- selves. Anyone claiming to be a Christian but not belonging to the church Joitnlal of Mennonite Stitdies Vol. 4,1986 184 Journal ofMennonite Studies (Catholic or Protestant) was classed as a heretic,' a member of the mis- cellaneous column of God's sixteenth-century army. For convenience all of these "others" were labelled "Anabaptists." Protestants saw the Anabaptists as originating in Saxony with Thomas Muntzer and the Zwickau prophets in 1521 and spreading in subsequent years to Switzerland and other parts of northern Europe. -
Greek Texts and English Translations of the Bible: A
GREEK TEXTS AND ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE: A COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF THE TEXTUS RECEPTUS GREEK NEW TESTAMENT OF THE 16th CENTURY AND THE ALEXANDRIAN TEXT OF WESTCOTT AND HORT (19th CENTURY) AND ALAND AND METZGER (20th CENTURY) CONCERNING VARIANT TEXTS THAT PERTAIN TO THE ORTHODOX CHRISTOLOGY OF THE COUNCIL OF NICEA, A.D. 325 Gil L. Samples, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2002 APPROVED: Laura I. Stern, Major Professor Harold Tanner, Chair of the Department of History Henry Eaton, Committee Member Adrian R. Lewis, Committee Member C. Neal Tate, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Samples, Gil L. Greek texts and English translations of the Bible: a comparison and contrast of the Textus Receptus Greek New Testament of the 16th century and the Alexandrian text of Westcott and Hort (19th century) and Aland and Metzger (20th century) concerning variant texts that pertain to the orthodox Christology of the Council of Nicea, A.D. 325. Master of Arts (History), December 2002, 155 pp., 149 titles. The argument of this paper is that certain salient passages in the New Testament concerning Christology, as it was defined in the Nicene creed in A.D. 325, reflect such orthodoxy better in the Textus Receptus Greek texts and the English translations made from them than do the Alexandrian texts. Arian theology, which was condemned as heretical at Nicea, is examined. Patristic quotations, historical texts, and arguments of the scholars are cited and traced, along with a comparison of Christological verses. -
Justifying Religious Freedom: the Western Tradition
Justifying Religious Freedom: The Western Tradition E. Gregory Wallace* Table of Contents I. THESIS: REDISCOVERING THE RELIGIOUS JUSTIFICATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.......................................................... 488 II. THE ORIGINS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN EARLY CHRISTIAN THOUGHT ................................................................................... 495 A. Early Christian Views on Religious Toleration and Freedom.............................................................................. 495 1. Early Christian Teaching on Church and State............. 496 2. Persecution in the Early Roman Empire....................... 499 3. Tertullian’s Call for Religious Freedom ....................... 502 B. Christianity and Religious Freedom in the Constantinian Empire ................................................................................ 504 C. The Rise of Intolerance in Christendom ............................. 510 1. The Beginnings of Christian Intolerance ...................... 510 2. The Causes of Christian Intolerance ............................. 512 D. Opposition to State Persecution in Early Christendom...... 516 E. Augustine’s Theory of Persecution..................................... 518 F. Church-State Boundaries in Early Christendom................ 526 G. Emerging Principles of Religious Freedom........................ 528 III. THE PRESERVATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEDIEVAL AND REFORMATION EUROPE...................................................... 530 A. Persecution and Opposition in the Medieval -
A Study of Early Anabaptism As Minority Religion in German Fiction
Heresy or Ideal Society? A Study of Early Anabaptism as Minority Religion in German Fiction DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ursula Berit Jany Graduate Program in Germanic Languages and Literatures The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Professor Barbara Becker-Cantarino, Advisor Professor Katra A. Byram Professor Anna Grotans Copyright by Ursula Berit Jany 2013 Abstract Anabaptism, a radical reform movement originating during the sixteenth-century European Reformation, sought to attain discipleship to Christ by a separation from the religious and worldly powers of early modern society. In my critical reading of the movement’s representations in German fiction dating from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, I explore how authors have fictionalized the religious minority, its commitment to particular theological and ethical aspects, its separation from society, and its experience of persecution. As part of my analysis, I trace the early historical development of the group and take inventory of its chief characteristics to observe which of these aspects are selected for portrayal in fictional texts. Within this research framework, my study investigates which social and religious principles drawn from historical accounts and sources influence the minority’s image as an ideal society, on the one hand, and its stigmatization as a heretical and seditious sect, on the other. As a result of this analysis, my study reveals authors’ underlying programmatic aims and ideological convictions cloaked by their literary articulations of conflict-laden encounters between society and the religious minority. -
The Roots of Anabaptist Empathetic Solidarity, Nonviolent Advocacy, and Peacemaking
The Roots of Anabaptist Empathetic Solidarity, Nonviolent Advocacy, and Peacemaking John Derksen Introduction uch of Mennonite nonviolent advocacy and peacebuild- ing today finds its roots in sixteenth-century Anabaptism. But Msixteenth-century Anabaptists were diverse. In keeping with the polygenesis viewSAMPLE of Anabaptist origins, this paper assumes diversity in the geography, origins, cultures, shaping influences, spiritual orientations, attitudes to violence, and other expressions of Anabaptists.1 We define Anabaptists as those who accepted (re)baptism or believer’s baptism and the implications of that choice. Various Anabaptists had sectarian, ascetic, spiri- tualist, social revolutionary, apocalyptic, rationalistic, or other orientations, and the distinctions between them were often blurred. Geographically, they emerged in Switzerland in 1525, in South Germany-Austria in 1526, and in the Netherlands in 1530. Many agree that the Anabaptists displayed 1. Stayer, Packull, and Deppermann, “Monogenesis,” 83–121; Coggins, “Defini- tion”; Stayer, Sword. Surveys of Anabaptist history that incorporate the polygenesis perspective include Snyder, Anabaptist, and Weaver, Becoming Anabaptist. Works that explore Anabaptist unity beyond polygenesis include Weaver, Becoming Anabaptist, and Roth and Stayer, Companion. 13 © 2016 The Lutterworth Press 14 Historical Conditions of Anabaptist-Mennonite Peacebuilding Approaches both Protestant and Catholic characteristics in different configurations. “Negatively, there was anger against social, economic, and religious abuses . but responses to this discontent varied widely. Positively, the ‘Word of God’ served as a rallying point for all, but differences . emerged over how it was understood and used.”2 While Swiss Anabaptists tended to fa- vor sectarianism after the 1525 Peasants’ War, South German and Austrian Anabaptists tended more toward spiritualism, and early Dutch Anabaptists tended toward apocalyptic thinking. -
Ideological Continuity from the Protestant Reformation to the German Peasants’ War, 1517-1526
THE RADICAL GOSPEL: IDEOLOGICAL CONTINUITY FROM THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION TO THE GERMAN PEASANTS’ WAR, 1517-1526 Cassandra McMurry History 200: Doing History Professor Katherine Smith December 15 2014 1 The rhetoric of the Protestant Reformation, while advocating a new conception of piety and worship that flew in the face of traditional Catholic doctrine, also shaped a new conception of a social group often considered apolitical, simplistic, and passive: the peasantry. To help garner support for their cause, beginning in 1520 Reformation adherents (Reformers) began to represent the peasantry with a fictional peasant they named Karsthans, who frequently appeared in distributed woodcuts as part of Reformation propaganda. Karsthans is commonly depicted standing at the literal center of religious change—at the side of Martin Luther himself—as a powerful and devoted peasant soldier, wielding a flail to defend the word of God.1 Scholars such as R. W. Scriber have termed this new understanding of the peasants’ role in Reform the birth of the ‘Evangelical Peasant’ as a “presiding guardian” over the new religious rhetoric of the Protestant Reformation.2 The Reformers aimed to dismantle the power of the Catholic hierarchical system by advocating that the faithful make direct contact with God rather than going through a priest by means of confession, an egalitarian doctrine based on their new interpretation of the Bible. These theologians imagined that the political impetus of their challenge to hegemonic Catholic tradition would come from the lowest orders of society, the common man was thought to be “closer to God” and therefore distinctly qualified to lead a Protestant movement to defend Scripture.3 In late 1524 and early 1525 the peasants of the region which is now Germany, Austria, and Switzerland rose against their lords, demanding changes to social and political institutions such as the church and the lord-vassal relationship, as well as advocating community governance. -
The Challenge of Menno Simons' Symbolic View of the Lord's Supper (The Conrad Grebel Review, Fall 2006)
The Challenge of Menno Simons’ Symbolic View of the Lord’s Supper Joel Schmidt Introduction In sacramental Christian traditions there exists a general conviction that Spirit may be mediated by matter, the eternal by the temporal, and the infinite by the finite. More specifically, particular ceremonies are taken to mediate God’s power in an especially forceful and direct manner, namely, the sacraments. This theological resolution to the puzzle of the relationship between Spirit and matter has, however, most frequently been perceived to be unavailable to Christians of an Anabaptist orientation. Speaking from within the tradition with which I am familiar, Mennonites from the North American General Conference and Mennonite Church1 are used to thinking of themselves as decidedly non-sacramental. This is, of course, in contradiction to the general experience of most Mennonites that God is not available just through the Word or the gathered community of believers but more broadly in the world at large. Nevertheless, when it comes to the formal theological or ritualized recognition of many people’s general experience, most North American Anabaptist fellowships continue to resist acknowledging the sacramental nature of Christian experience. One of the most likely places for such acknowledgment is the Lord’s Supper. Due to the provocative biblical passages associated with this “ordinance,” the direct association of the elements with Jesus, and the clarity of the origin of this rite with his instruction, one might expect it would be here, if anywhere, that Anabaptists could celebrate a sacramental understanding of reality. However, such an expectation is not fulfilled in most contemporary Anabaptist thought or practice. -
A Matter.Pdf
A MATTER OF PRINCIPLE A Matter of Principle Humanitarian Arguments for War in Iraq EDITED BY Thomas Cushman UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2005 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A matter of principle : humanitarian arguments for war in Iraq / edited by Thomas Cushman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-520-24486-9 (cloth : alk. paper)— isbn 0-520-24555-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Iraq War, 2003—Moral and ethical aspects. I. Cushman, Thomas, 1959– ds79.76.m38 2005 956.7044'31—dc22 2004027416 Manufactured in the United States of America 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 10987654321 Printed on Ecobook 50 containing a minimum 50% post-consumer waste, processed chlorine free. The balance contains virgin pulp, including 25% Forest Stewardship Council Certified for no old growth tree cutting, processed either tcf or ecf. The sheet is acid-free and meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).' This book is dedicated to all of those who have lost their lives in Iraq in the struggle against tyranny and for the human rights of the Iraqi people. Contents Acknowledgments / xi Introduction: The Liberal-Humanitarian Case for War in Iraq thomas cushman / 1 PART ONE RECONSIDERING REGIME CHANGE 1 The Case for Regime Change christopher hitchens / 29 2 Liberal Legacies, Europe’s Totalitarian -
Anabaptist Masculinity in Reformation Europe Adam Michael Bonikowske University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2013 Anabaptist Masculinity in Reformation Europe Adam Michael Bonikowske University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Bonikowske, Adam Michael, "Anabaptist Masculinity in Reformation Europe" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 80. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/80 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANABAPTIST MASCULINITY IN REFORMATION EUROPE by Adam Bonikowske A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2013 ABSTRACT ANABAPTIST MASCULINITY IN REFORMATION EUROPE by Adam Bonikowske The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2013 Under the Supervision of Professor Merry Wiesner-Hanks This thesis studies the connections between the Anabaptist movement during the Protestant Reformation and the alternative masculinities that developed during sixteenth- century Europe. It argues that Anabaptist men challenged traditional gender norms of European society, and through their unique understanding of the Reformation’s message of salvation, these men constructed new ideas about masculinity that were at odds with Protestant and Catholic culture. Anabaptist men placed piety and ethics at the center of reform, and argued for the moral improvement of Christians. In separation from Catholics and mainstream Protestants, Anabaptists created a new culture that exhibited behavior often viewed as dangerous.