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Mitigation and Monitoring for the Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA and Hamford Water SPA Annual Review 2010/11

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Mitigation and Monitoring for the Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA and Hamford Water SPA Annual Review 2010/11 Mitigation and monitoring for the Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA and Hamford Water SPA Annual Review 2010/11 Harwich Haven Authority March 2011 Final Report 9W1517 A COMPANY OF HASKONING UK LTD. ENVIRONMENT Rightwell House Bretton Peterborough PE3 8DW United Kingdom +44 (0)1733 334455 Telephone Fax [email protected] E-mail www.royalhaskoning.com Internet Document title Mitigation and monitoring for the Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA and Hamford Water SPA Document short title Annual Review: 2010/11 Status Final Report Date March 2011 Project name HHA Compliance Monitoring Project number 9W1517 Author(s) Client Harwich Haven Authority Reference 9W1517/PBor Drafted by Rosie Kelly, Greg Shaw and Emma Mundy Checked by Chris Adnitt Date/initials check …………………. …1/03/11………………. Approved by Chris Adnitt Date/initials approval ………. …1/03/11……………. CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Background to the Report 4 1.3 Objectives of Compensation, Mitigation and Monitoring 4 1.4 Detailed Objectives for Mitigation and Compensation 5 1.4.1 Approach channel deepening 5 1.4.2 Trinity III Terminal (Phase 2) Extension 5 1.4.3 Monitoring 6 2 ACTIVITIES TO DATE 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Approach Channel Deepening: Dredging and Disposal 7 2.3 Approach Channel Deepening: Habitat Replacement 8 2.4 Approach Channel Deepening: Sediment Replacement 8 2.5 Approach Channel Deepening: Beneficial Use Schemes 11 2.6 Trinity III Terminal (Phase 2) Extension: Disposal at Sea 11 2.7 Trinity III Terminal (Phase 2) Extension: Habitat Enhancement 12 2.8 Trinity III Terminal (Phase 2) Extension: Sediment Replacement 12 2.9 Felixstowe South Reconfiguration: Dredging and Disposal 12 2.10 Other Activities and Events 14 3 BATHYMETRIC AND TOPOGRAPHIC DATA 15 3.1 Offshore 15 3.2 Stour and Orwell Estuaries 15 3.3 Hamford Water 28 4 BENTHIC MONITORING 29 4.1 Stour and Orwell Estuaries 29 4.1.1 Annual benthic monitoring 29 4.1.2 Biotope descriptions 30 4.2 Felixstowe South Reconfiguration Monitoring 35 4.3 Inner Gabbard East Disposal Site 37 5 TRIMLEY MARSHES MANAGED REALIGNMENT SITE 38 5.1 Background 38 5.2 Methodology 39 5.3 Results 39 5.3.1 Particle Size Analysis 39 5.3.2 Benthic Community Analysis 40 5.3.3 Vegetation 43 5.3.4 Waterfowl 44 5.4 Conclusion 46 6 TRINITY III HABITAT ENHANCEMENT MONITORING 48 6.1 Background 48 6.2 Methodology 48 6.3 Trimley Enhancement Scheme 51 6.3.1 Introduction 51 i 6.3.2 Particle Size Analysis 51 6.3.3 Benthic Invertebrate Univariate Results 51 6.3.4 Benthic Invertebrate Multivariate Results 53 6.3.5 Topography 53 6.3.6 Vegetation 54 6.3.7 Waterfowl 54 6.4 Shotley Enhancement Scheme 55 6.4.1 Introduction 55 6.4.2 Particle Size Analysis 55 6.4.3 Benthic Invertebrate Univariate Results 56 6.4.4 Biomass 57 6.4.5 Benthic Invertebrate Multivariate Results 58 6.4.6 Shotley topographical results 58 6.4.7 Vegetation 60 6.4.8 Waterfowl 60 6.5 Conclusion 61 7 SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS 62 7.1 Monitoring Results 62 8 BIRD DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE 63 8.1 Background 63 8.2 High water count trends 63 8.2.1 Weather conditions in eastern England 64 8.2.2 WeBS Alerts 65 8.3 Low water trends 66 8.3.1 Suffolk Wildlife Trust report results 66 8.4 Bird abundance and usage of count sectors 68 8.4.1 Orwell Estuary 70 8.4.2 Stour Estuary 78 8.5 Harwich Haven Bird Sub-group Meeting 86 8.5.1 General observations 86 8.5.2 High and low water count comparison 86 8.5.3 Other Factors 87 8.6 Bird movements 87 9 STOUR AND ORWELL CONDITION ASSESSMENT REPORT 91 10 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 92 10.1 Findings 92 10.2 Recommendations 94 11 REFERENCES 96 FIGURES Figure 1. Study Area 2 Figure 2 Illustration of placement strategy 8 Figure 3 Overview of LiDAR flow over the Stour and Orwell Estuaries in 2005 16 ii Figure 4 Overview of LiDAR flow over the Stour and Orwell Estuaries and Hamford Water in 2010 17 Figure 5 Overview of difference between LiDAR flow in 2005 and 2010 18 Figure 6 Overview of LiDAR flow in 2005 and 2010 in the seven River Stour embayments 19 Figure 7 River Stour Area 1: Difference (2010 minus 2005) 20 Figure 8 River Stour Area 2: Difference (2010 minus 2005) 21 Figure 9 River Stour Area 3: Difference (2010 minus 2005) 22 Figure 10 River Stour Area 4: Difference (2010 minus 2005) 23 Figure 11 River Stour Area 5: Difference (2010 minus 2005) 24 Figure 12 River Stour Area 6: Difference (2010 minus 2005) 25 Figure 13 River Stour Area 7: Difference (2010 minus 2005) 26 Figure 14 Location of sample sites on the Stour and Orwell Estuaries 32 Figure 15 Sample Locations - Felixstowe South Reconfiguration Monitoring 36 Figure 16 Mean phi for Trimley samples for surveys 13 to 19 39 Figure 17 Mean number of individuals of benthic macrofauna recorded per core for each survey between survey 1 and survey 20 40 Figure 18 Mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’) for each survey between survey 1 (June 2001) and survey 20 (September 2010) 41 Figure 19 Blotted wet-weight biomass (g) of polychaetes and molluscs in all samples between survey 1 (June 2001) and survey 20 (September 2010) 42 Figure 20 MDS Plot of Bray-Curtis similarity index for average of sites, over all surveys 43 Figure 21 SPA qualifying waterfowl mean numbers at Trimley Managed Realignment Site (sector 31), 2000/01 to 2009/10 (SWT, 2010) with mean abundance for the whole Orwell Estuary 46 Figure 22 Location of sample stations for Trimley and Shotley enhancement schemes 50 Figure 23 Location of topographic transects for Trimley and Shotley 37 Figure 24 Contribution of each major group to the overall observed blotted wet-weight biomass (g) of the samples at Trimley recharge (1-5) and reference (11- 13) sites between survey 5 (June 2005) and survey 15 (September 2010) 52 Figure 25 Mean and peak waterfowl abundance at Trimley Recharge Site (sector 10) counted at low water, 2000/01 to 2009/10 (SWT, 2010) 55 Figure 26 Contribution of each major group to the overall observed blotted wet-weight biomass (g) of the samples at south Shotley recharge sites (15&16) and reference site (14) between survey 5 (June 2003) and survey 15 (September 2010) 57 Figure 27 Topogrpahic composition of Area 4 (North Shotley) Sites S10 and S16 59 Figure 28 Mean and peak waterfowl abundance at Shotley Recharge Site (sector 30) counted at low water, 2000/01 to 2009/10 (Suffolk Wildlife Trust, 2010) 61 Figure 29 Total number of waterbirds on the Stour and Orwell Estuaries 64 Figure 30 Low water count sectors 69 Figure 31 Mean Number of Shelduck on the Orwell between 2001 and 2010 70 Figure 32 Number of Dunlin on the Orwell between 2001 and 2010 71 Figure 33 Number of Black-tailed godwit on the Orwell between 2001 and 2010 72 Figure 34 Number of Redshank on the Orwell between 2001 and 2010 73 Figure 35 Number of Shelduck on the Orwell per sector between 2001 and 2010 74 iii Figure 36 Number of Dunlin on the Orwell per sector between 2001 and 2010 75 Figure 37 Number of Black-tailed godwit on the Orwell per sector between 2001 and 2010 76 Figure 38 Number of Redshank on the Orwell per sector between 2001 and 2010 77 Figure 39 Number of Shelduck on the Stour between 2001 and 2010 78 Figure 40 Number of Dunlin on the Stour between 2001 and 2010 79 Figure 41 Number of Black-tailed godwit on the Stour between 2001 and 2010 80 Figure 42 Number of Redshank on the Stour between 2001 and 2010 81 Figure 43 Number of Shelduck on the Stour per sector between 2001 and 2010 82 Figure 44 Number of Dunlin on the Stour per sector between 2001 and 2010 83 Figure 45 Number of Black-tailed godwit on the Stour per sector between 2001 and 2010 84 Figure 46 Number of Redshank on the Stour per sector between 2001 and 2010 85 Figure 47 Proportion of the movements towards the Orwell Estuary 88 Figure 48 Destinations of the movements from the Orwell Estuary 88 Figure 49 Origins of the movements towards Stour Estuary 89 Figure 50 Destinations of the movements from Stour Estuary 89 TABLES Table 1 Number of deep drafted (> 13.5m) shipping movements at Felixstowe on an annual basis 7 Table 2 Water column recharge in the Stour Estuary 8 Table 3 Water column recharge in the Orwell Estuary 9 Table 4 Subtidal placements at North Shelf 9 Table 5 Total amounts of material placed each year as part of the sediment replacement programme on an annual basis 10 Table 6 Current and revised volumes for silt disposal at Inner Gabbard 12 Table 7 River Stour intertidal volumes and areas derived from the 2005 and 2010 LiDAR data 27 Table 8 Changes in River Stour intertidal volumes and areas between 2005 and 2010 27 Table 9 Biotopes for the Orwell Estuary for the survey in 2008, 2009, 2010 33 Table 10 Biotopes for the Stour Estuary for the survey in 2008, 2009, 2010 34 Table 11 Dates of the vegetation and macrofaunal surveys 38 Table 12 Saltmarsh development at the Trimley site for available surveys since survey 8 (September 2003). 44 Table 13 Wetland Bird Survey Alerts for the Stour and Orwell SPA (to winter 2007/08 inclusive) 65 Table 14 Trends in the mean and peak numbers of species on the Orwell, Stour and SPA 1999/00 to 2009/10 67 iv PLATES Plate 5 Saltmarsh development at Trimley Managed Realignment Site from 2001 to 2010 29 APPENDICES Appendix A Biotope Descriptions Appendix B Waterfowl Species Accounts v iv 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background In October 1998, works to deepen the approach channel to the Haven Ports commenced.
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