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Programming for Engineers Pointers in C Programming: Part 02
Programming For Engineers Pointers in C Programming: Part 02 by Wan Azhar Wan Yusoff1, Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir2 Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering [email protected], [email protected] PFE – Pointers in C Programming: Part 02 by Wan Azhar Wan Yusoff and Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir 0.0 Chapter’s Information • Expected Outcomes – To further use pointers in C programming • Contents 1.0 Pointer and Array 2.0 Pointer and String 3.0 Pointer and dynamic memory allocation PFE – Pointers in C Programming: Part 02 by Wan Azhar Wan Yusoff and Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir 1.0 Pointer and Array • We will review array data type first and later we will relate array with pointer. • Previously, we learn about basic data types such as integer, character and floating numbers. In C programming language, if we have 5 test scores and would like to average the scores, we may code in the following way. PFE – Pointers in C Programming: Part 02 by Wan Azhar Wan Yusoff and Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir 1.0 Pointer and Array PFE – Pointers in C Programming: Part 02 by Wan Azhar Wan Yusoff and Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir 1.0 Pointer and Array • This program is manageable if the scores are only 5. What should we do if we have 100,000 scores? In such case, we need an efficient way to represent a collection of similar data type1. In C programming, we usually use array. • Array is a fixed-size sequence of elements of the same data type.1 • In C programming, we declare an array like the following statement: PFE – Pointers in C Programming: Part 02 by Wan Azhar Wan Yusoff and Ahmad Fakhri Ab. -
J1939 Data Mapping Explained
J1939 Data Mapping Explained Part No. BW2031 Revision: 1.05 May 18, 2018 Pyramid Solutions, Inc. 30200 Telegraph Road, Suite 440 Bingham Farms, MI 48025 www.pyramidsolutions.com | P: 248.549.1200 | F: 248.549.1400 © Pyramid Solutions 1 PUB-BW4031-001 Table of Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................... 2 J1939 Message Terminology ............................................................................................ 2 J1939 PGN Message Definitions ....................................................................................... 3 PGN and Parameter Documentation Examples ........................................................................ 3 J1939 Specification Example ........................................................................................................ 3 Parameter Table Example ............................................................................................................ 5 Determining the BridgeWay Data Table Layout ................................................................ 6 Data Table Layout for Modbus RTU and Modbus TCP (Big Endian) ........................................... 6 Data Table Layout for EtherNet/IP (Little Endian) .................................................................... 7 Configuring the BridgeWay I/O Mapping ......................................................................... 8 Configuration Attributes ........................................................................................................ -
Advanced Software Engineering with C++ Templates Lecture 4: Separate Compilation and Templates III
Advanced Software Engineering with C++ Templates Lecture 4: Separate Compilation and Templates III Thomas Gschwind <thgatzurichdotibmdotcom> Agenda . Separate Compilation • Introduction (C++ versus Java) • Variables • Routines (Functions & Operators) • Types (Structures, Classes) • Makefiles . Templates III • Design and Implementation (C++ versus Java versus C#) • “Dynamic” Static Algorithm Selection • Binders Th. Gschwind. Fortgeschrittene Programmierung in C++. 2 Separate Compilation . Why? • Having only one source file is unrealistic • Break the code up into its logical structure • Reduction of compile time - Only changed parts need to be recompiled . How? • Use multiple source files • Need to know what information about functions and variables “used” from other files Th. Gschwind. Fortgeschrittene Programmierung in C++. 3 Separate Compilation in Java . Each Java file is compiled into a class file . If a Java class invokes a method of another class, the compiler consults that other class file to • Determine whether the class provides the requested method • Determine whether a class file implements a given interface • etc. • Hence, the .class file contains the entire interface . That’s why in Java, the compiler needs the class path . Finally, all class files are loaded by the Java Virtual Machine (and “linked”) . Java source code can be relatively well reconstructed from .class file (see Java Decompiler: jd, jad) Th. Gschwind. Fortgeschrittene Programmierung in C++. 4 Some Java Trivia . Let us write Hello World in Java . In order to simplify the reconfiguration (e.g., translation) • Put all the constants into one Java file • Put the complex application code into another public class Const { public static final String msg="Hello World!"; } public class Cool { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Const.msg); } } Th. -
P2356R0 Date 2021-04-09 Reply-To Matus Chochlik [email protected] Audience SG7 Overview Details
Overview Details Implementing Factory builder on top of P2320 Document Number P2356R0 Date 2021-04-09 Reply-to Matus Chochlik [email protected] Audience SG7 Overview Details The goal (Semi-)automate the implementation of the Factory design pattern Overview Details What is meant by \Factory" here? • Class that constructs instances of a \Product" type. • From some external representation: • XML, • JSON, • YAML, • a GUI, • a scripting language, • a relational database, • ... Overview Details Factory builder • Framework combining the following parts • Meta-data • obtained from reflection. • Traits • units of code that handle various stages of construction, • specific to a particular external representation, • provided by user. Overview Details Factory builder • Used meta-data • type name strings, • list of meta-objects reflecting constructors, • list of meta-objects reflecting constructor parameters, • parameter type, • parameter name, • ... Overview Details Factory builder • Units handling the stages of construction • selecting the \best" constructor, • invoking the selected constructor, • conversion of parameter values from the external representation, • may recursively use factories for composite parameter types. Overview Details Used reflection features • ^T • [: :]1 • meta::name_of • meta::type_of • meta::members_of • meta::is_constructor • meta::is_default_constructor • meta::is_move_constructor • meta::is_copy_constructor • meta::parameters_of • size(Range) • range iterators 1to get back the reflected type Overview Details Reflection review • The good2 • How extensive and powerful the API is • The bad • Didn't find much3 • The ugly • Some of the syntax4 2great actually! 3some details follow 4but then this is a matter of personal preference Overview Details What is missing • The ability to easily unpack meta-objects from a range into a template, without un-reflecting them. • I used the following workaround + make_index_sequence: template <typename Iterator > consteval auto advance(Iterator it, size_t n) { while (n-- > 0) { ++ it; } return it; } • Details follow. -
C Programming: Data Structures and Algorithms
C Programming: Data Structures and Algorithms An introduction to elementary programming concepts in C Jack Straub, Instructor Version 2.07 DRAFT C Programming: Data Structures and Algorithms, Version 2.07 DRAFT C Programming: Data Structures and Algorithms Version 2.07 DRAFT Copyright © 1996 through 2006 by Jack Straub ii 08/12/08 C Programming: Data Structures and Algorithms, Version 2.07 DRAFT Table of Contents COURSE OVERVIEW ........................................................................................ IX 1. BASICS.................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Typedef .......................................................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1 Typedef and Portability ............................................................................................................. 13 1.2.2 Typedef and Structures .............................................................................................................. 14 1.2.3 Typedef and Functions .............................................................................................................. 14 1.3 Pointers and Arrays ..................................................................................................................... 16 1.4 Dynamic Memory Allocation ..................................................................................................... -
Data Structure
EDUSAT LEARNING RESOURCE MATERIAL ON DATA STRUCTURE (For 3rd Semester CSE & IT) Contributors : 1. Er. Subhanga Kishore Das, Sr. Lect CSE 2. Mrs. Pranati Pattanaik, Lect CSE 3. Mrs. Swetalina Das, Lect CA 4. Mrs Manisha Rath, Lect CA 5. Er. Dillip Kumar Mishra, Lect 6. Ms. Supriti Mohapatra, Lect 7. Ms Soma Paikaray, Lect Copy Right DTE&T,Odisha Page 1 Data Structure (Syllabus) Semester & Branch: 3rd sem CSE/IT Teachers Assessment : 10 Marks Theory: 4 Periods per Week Class Test : 20 Marks Total Periods: 60 Periods per Semester End Semester Exam : 70 Marks Examination: 3 Hours TOTAL MARKS : 100 Marks Objective : The effectiveness of implementation of any application in computer mainly depends on the that how effectively its information can be stored in the computer. For this purpose various -structures are used. This paper will expose the students to various fundamentals structures arrays, stacks, queues, trees etc. It will also expose the students to some fundamental, I/0 manipulation techniques like sorting, searching etc 1.0 INTRODUCTION: 04 1.1 Explain Data, Information, data types 1.2 Define data structure & Explain different operations 1.3 Explain Abstract data types 1.4 Discuss Algorithm & its complexity 1.5 Explain Time, space tradeoff 2.0 STRING PROCESSING 03 2.1 Explain Basic Terminology, Storing Strings 2.2 State Character Data Type, 2.3 Discuss String Operations 3.0 ARRAYS 07 3.1 Give Introduction about array, 3.2 Discuss Linear arrays, representation of linear array In memory 3.3 Explain traversing linear arrays, inserting & deleting elements 3.4 Discuss multidimensional arrays, representation of two dimensional arrays in memory (row major order & column major order), and pointers 3.5 Explain sparse matrices. -
5. Data Types
IEEE FOR THE FUNCTIONAL VERIFICATION LANGUAGE e Std 1647-2011 5. Data types The e language has a number of predefined data types, including the integer and Boolean scalar types common to most programming languages. In addition, new scalar data types (enumerated types) that are appropriate for programming, modeling hardware, and interfacing with hardware simulators can be created. The e language also provides a powerful mechanism for defining OO hierarchical data structures (structs) and ordered collections of elements of the same type (lists). The following subclauses provide a basic explanation of e data types. 5.1 e data types Most e expressions have an explicit data type, as follows: — Scalar types — Scalar subtypes — Enumerated scalar types — Casting of enumerated types in comparisons — Struct types — Struct subtypes — Referencing fields in when constructs — List types — The set type — The string type — The real type — The external_pointer type — The “untyped” pseudo type Certain expressions, such as HDL objects, have no explicit data type. See 5.2 for information on how these expressions are handled. 5.1.1 Scalar types Scalar types in e are one of the following: numeric, Boolean, or enumerated. Table 17 shows the predefined numeric and Boolean types. Both signed and unsigned integers can be of any size and, thus, of any range. See 5.1.2 for information on how to specify the size and range of a scalar field or variable explicitly. See also Clause 4. 5.1.2 Scalar subtypes A scalar subtype can be named and created by using a scalar modifier to specify the range or bit width of a scalar type. -
Occam 2.1 Reference Manual
occam 2.1 reference manual SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics Limited May 12, 1995 iv occam 2.1 REFERENCE MANUAL SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics Limited First published 1988 by Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd as the occam 2 Reference Manual. SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics Limited 1995. SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics reserves the right to make changes in specifications at any time and without notice. The information furnished by SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics in this publication is believed to be accurate, but no responsibility is assumed for its use, nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use. No licence is granted under any patents, trademarks or other rights of SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics. The INMOS logo, INMOS, IMS and occam are registered trademarks of SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics Limited. Document number: 72 occ 45 03 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrival system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission, in writing, from SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics Limited. Contents Contents v Contents overview ix Preface xi Introduction 1 Syntax and program format 3 1 Primitive processes 5 1.1 Assignment 5 1.2 Communication 6 1.3 SKIP and STOP 7 2 Constructed processes 9 2.1 Sequence 9 2.2 Conditional 11 2.3 Selection 13 2.4 WHILE loop 14 2.5 Parallel 15 2.6 Alternation 19 2.7 Processes 24 3 Data types 25 3.1 Primitive data types 25 3.2 Named data types 26 3.3 Literals -
Programming the Capabilities of the PC Have Changed Greatly Since the Introduction of Electronic Computers
1 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Topic Objective: At the end of this topic the student will be able to understand: History of Computer Programming C++ Definition/Overview: Overview: A personal computer (PC) is any general-purpose computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator. Today a PC may be a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a tablet computer. The most common operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux, while the most common microprocessors are x86-compatible CPUs, ARM architecture CPUs and PowerPC CPUs. Software applications for personal computers include word processing, spreadsheets, databases, games, and myriad of personal productivity and special-purpose software. Modern personal computers often have high-speed or dial-up connections to the Internet, allowing access to the World Wide Web and a wide range of other resources. Key Points: 1. History of ComputeWWW.BSSVE.INr Programming The capabilities of the PC have changed greatly since the introduction of electronic computers. By the early 1970s, people in academic or research institutions had the opportunity for single-person use of a computer system in interactive mode for extended durations, although these systems would still have been too expensive to be owned by a single person. The introduction of the microprocessor, a single chip with all the circuitry that formerly occupied large cabinets, led to the proliferation of personal computers after about 1975. Early personal computers - generally called microcomputers - were sold often in Electronic kit form and in limited volumes, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians. -
Metaclasses: Generative C++
Metaclasses: Generative C++ Document Number: P0707 R3 Date: 2018-02-11 Reply-to: Herb Sutter ([email protected]) Audience: SG7, EWG Contents 1 Overview .............................................................................................................................................................2 2 Language: Metaclasses .......................................................................................................................................7 3 Library: Example metaclasses .......................................................................................................................... 18 4 Applying metaclasses: Qt moc and C++/WinRT .............................................................................................. 35 5 Alternatives for sourcedefinition transform syntax .................................................................................... 41 6 Alternatives for applying the transform .......................................................................................................... 43 7 FAQs ................................................................................................................................................................. 46 8 Revision history ............................................................................................................................................... 51 Major changes in R3: Switched to function-style declaration syntax per SG7 direction in Albuquerque (old: $class M new: constexpr void M(meta::type target, -
Floating-Point Exception Handing
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5 N1372 Working draft of ISO/IEC TR 15580, second edition Information technology ± Programming languages ± Fortran ± Floating-point exception handing This page to be supplied by ISO. No changes from first edition, except for for mechanical things such as dates. i ISO/IEC TR 15580 : 1998(E) Draft second edition, 13th August 1999 ISO/IEC Foreword To be supplied by ISO. No changes from first edition, except for for mechanical things such as dates. ii ISO/IEC Draft second edition, 13th August 1999 ISO/IEC TR 15580: 1998(E) Introduction Exception handling is required for the development of robust and efficient numerical software. In particular, it is necessary in order to be able to write portable scientific libraries. In numerical Fortran programming, current practice is to employ whatever exception handling mechanisms are provided by the system/vendor. This clearly inhibits the production of fully portable numerical libraries and programs. It is particularly frustrating now that IEEE arithmetic (specified by IEEE 754-1985 Standard for binary floating-point arithmetic, also published as IEC 559:1989, Binary floating-point arithmetic for microprocessor systems) is so widely used, since built into it are the five conditions: overflow, invalid, divide-by-zero, underflow, and inexact. Our aim is to provide support for these conditions. We have taken the opportunity to provide support for other aspects of the IEEE standard through a set of elemental functions that are applicable only to IEEE data types. This proposal involves three standard modules: IEEE_EXCEPTIONS contains a derived type, some named constants of this type, and some simple procedures. -
Generic Programming
Generic Programming July 21, 1998 A Dagstuhl Seminar on the topic of Generic Programming was held April 27– May 1, 1998, with forty seven participants from ten countries. During the meeting there were thirty seven lectures, a panel session, and several problem sessions. The outcomes of the meeting include • A collection of abstracts of the lectures, made publicly available via this booklet and a web site at http://www-ca.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/dagstuhl/gpdag.html. • Plans for a proceedings volume of papers submitted after the seminar that present (possibly extended) discussions of the topics covered in the lectures, problem sessions, and the panel session. • A list of generic programming projects and open problems, which will be maintained publicly on the World Wide Web at http://www-ca.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/people/musser/gp/pop/index.html http://www.cs.rpi.edu/˜musser/gp/pop/index.html. 1 Contents 1 Motivation 3 2 Standards Panel 4 3 Lectures 4 3.1 Foundations and Methodology Comparisons ........ 4 Fundamentals of Generic Programming.................. 4 Jim Dehnert and Alex Stepanov Automatic Program Specialization by Partial Evaluation........ 4 Robert Gl¨uck Evaluating Generic Programming in Practice............... 6 Mehdi Jazayeri Polytypic Programming........................... 6 Johan Jeuring Recasting Algorithms As Objects: AnAlternativetoIterators . 7 Murali Sitaraman Using Genericity to Improve OO Designs................. 8 Karsten Weihe Inheritance, Genericity, and Class Hierarchies.............. 8 Wolf Zimmermann 3.2 Programming Methodology ................... 9 Hierarchical Iterators and Algorithms................... 9 Matt Austern Generic Programming in C++: Matrix Case Study........... 9 Krzysztof Czarnecki Generative Programming: Beyond Generic Programming........ 10 Ulrich Eisenecker Generic Programming Using Adaptive and Aspect-Oriented Programming .