'But There Is No Word for Installation in Arabic…' Teaching Exhibition
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‘But There Is no Word for Installation in Arabic…’ Teaching Exhibition Development in Qatar by Dr. Karen Exell Dr. Karen Exell is Lecturer, arlier this year two exhibitions Khalifa Al Thani. Both museums utilise Museum Studies & Degree opened in Qatar’s capital city of a Eurocentric exhibitionary method and Coordinator, MA Museum and Doha: Ana Arabi? (Am I Arab?) visual language—for example, at Mathaf Gallery Practice at University E at the Katara Art Center, and Is the Sea the interior space follows the tradition of College London, Qatar, Doha. >Ê7>¶ at Mathaf: Arab Museum the ‘white cube’ gallery, a homogenising She may be contacted at 1 [email protected]. of Modern Art. The exhibitions were aesthetic serving the universal modernist the product of an intensive three month artistic discourse (Weibel, 2007). These process of exhibition-making, taught as new international museums are dramatic, If you would like to comment on part of the MA in Museum and Gallery formal spaces presenting disciplinary this article or others in this issue, Practice at UCL Qatar, which I direct. narratives of Islamic, modern, and please go to the NAME page on Over the previous two years of teaching contemporary (Arab) art and are yet to Facebook or send us a tweet the programme, two issues have emerged take root in Qatari culture conceptually or @NAMExhibitions. that have influenced my teaching: the socially; they are western-style museums role of international best practice in an rather than locally produced institutions emerging field and how this is adopted, (Exell, 2014a).4 negotiated, and adapted—or not—to the local context; and how museums and In 2011, University College London their work are culturally and conceptually (UCL)5 established a branch campus on understood in the region. Overall what is Doha’s Education City campus with a A programme as clear is that a programme as culturally- remit to deliver postgraduate teaching culturally-rooted rooted as museum studies cannot be and research in cultural heritage, an area introduced to another culture without in which UCL excels through the work as museum addressing issues of cultural translation. of its Institute of Archaeology. The MA This essay will focus on the teaching in Museum and Gallery Practice is a 12 studies cannot of exhibition making within the MA in month intensive programme balancing be introduced Museum and Gallery Practice and the theory and practice whilst attempting to challenges and opportunities that exist in embed this in, and respond to, the local to another this area in Qatar. context (Exell, 2013). One of the central culture without elements of the degree is the curation The Context for Teaching Exhibition- of an exhibition, a student-led project addressing Making in Qatar that runs through the second semester issues of cultural Qatar, the tiny, super-wealthy Gulf and results in an exhibition in one of state located on a peninsula in the Qatar’s cultural institutions. The taught translation. Arabian Gulf, has received extensive element covers aspects of exhibition international media attention in response making, such as the concept-development- to the opening of the Museum of Islamic implementation project structure, Art (MIA; 2008)2 and Mathaf: Arab audiences and communication, evaluation, Museum of Modern Art (2010).3 These developing an online presence and writing museums are overseen by the cultural text for exhibitions. Alongside this the body, Qatar Museums (QM), established students develop their project, managed as Qatar Museums Authority in 2005. through a series of structured meetings This initiative was part of a policy of with me, and a weekly student-led project international visibility and diplomacy meeting. They are given either a collection of the father Emir, Sheikh Hamad bin or topic, and a space, and are tasked with 48 EXHIBITIONIST FALL '14 creating a project team which will then develop and implement an exhibition, drawing on the wider philosophies and theories of museums taught in the first semester and the practical aspects of exhibition making taught as part of this module. The final project exhibition has an opening event and associated programming which runs as part of the Students and participants in the workshop conducted as part of the Is the Sea a Woman? exhibition opening host institutions’ events programme. The at Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, April 2014. Courtesy of Lesley Gray. emphasis is on professional best practice, from developing institutional relationships 10 October 2013-22 January 2014), to project management and teamwork. or exhibitions such as Hajj: Journey through Art at MIA (9 October 2013-5 Challenges of Cultural Translation January 2014), curated with the British Generic and specific challenges have Museum. Exhibition-making relies on emerged in the teaching of exhibition extensive outsourcing to consultants, and making in Qatar. Generic challenges this practice means that many Qatari …this experience include team work dynamics and different museum staff gain limited hands-on has helped me levels of engagement with the project, experience. The Qatari students in the which can result in tensions that affect groups, many of whom are QM staff, to gain a better the participants and project. I will focus initially assumed that expertise would be understanding on the challenges arising from the specific bought to undertake certain tasks, despite local context. These derive from the the limited project budget (QAR14,500; of aspects of innovative nature of a student exhibition around $4,000). Working within a budget Qatari culture project in a region where large-scale encourages a creative response to the museum investment and the teaching of requirements of an exhibition and is a and professional museum studies is new, and from the central shaping element of many projects differing cultural understanding of the in the rest of the world, but has not until practice, whilst exhibition project’s nature, aims, and recently been something that needed to allowing the content. be considered in the world’s wealthiest country. Another element to consider is Qatari students The cohort in both years has been that in Qatar the focus of exhibitions is to develop international, with Qatari Nationals often the VIP opening; the dramatic drop- alongside students from as far afield off in visitor numbers thereafter is well- an increased as China, Poland, and the US. This known. The students expressed anxiety discussion focuses on the response to about the catering and other elements of understanding the teaching of the Qatari students in their exhibition openings which may seem of the creative each year’s cohort, as this is the country a superficial concern, but in the region for and in which the teaching is being the quality of a public event in terms potential of their developed. In Qatar most exhibitions of presentation and hospitality has an own practice. are lavishly funded and have a strong enormous social impact. In my approach, international element, such as the recent I have attempted to shift the locus of retrospective of Damien Hirst (Relics; value from the event to the process and 49 EXHIBITIONNIST FALL '14 In the wake of post-modernity and new museological approaches with their focus on community participation and shared authority, the traditional, didactic museum model in operation in Qatar at MIA, Qatar’s flagship museum, is Traditional dhow-boats with the new high rise development of West Bay, Doha, in the distance. Photograph regarded by many in other parts of the by Karen Exell. world as outdated. In addition, this mode of display and interpretation does not engage Qatari Nationals (see Erskine- Loftus 2013), but when Qatari students have been asked to develop alternative approaches that spoke to their interests, they have initially lacked the confidence to contradict the authority of the museum. Qatari culture requires that authority go unquestioned; museums are regarded as offering truths, not interpretations. In addition, in Qatar, a conservative Muslim country, “interpretation” can be associated with the Qur’an, which can only be interpreted by highly-trained religious experts with the required authority. In the context of museums, the term means the practice of using various methods to communicate a subject to a defined audience, who might also input into the interpretation in a dialogic process. Students assigned the role of Interpretation in the exhibition project have expressed confusion each year in The Museum of Islamic Art, Doha. Photograph by Karen Exell. relation to the meaning of “interpretation” as they saw no creative space between the object presented, and the text (or other (continued from page 49) content, and to encourage the students to medium) referring to it; this was regarded develop an holistic understanding of all as description, not interpretation. Such aspects of exhibition-making. These have cultural and conceptual differences been sites of negotiation in both years that constantly reshape the emphases of the student exhibition project has run, and teaching, as close attention is required to this experience has helped me to gain a understand where the student response better understanding of aspects of Qatari is coming from culturally, and if and culture and professional practice, whilst when to guide this position towards a allowing the Qatari students to develop more western approach, i.e. how much an increased understanding of the creative criticality to introduce into a culture 50 potential of their own practice. that operates on an alternative model of EXHIBITIONNIST FALL '14 There was a shift in understanding exhibitions as information disseminators to regarding them as contextual experiences which did not necessarily challenge more orthodox authorities in other contexts. authority with knowledge transmission what kind of information would be References: based on respect for authority. useful in the context of the particular Bourdieu, P.