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Penerapan Teknik Editing Smash Cut Pada Penciptaan Film Jabang

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Penerapan Teknik Editing Smash Cut Pada Penciptaan Film Jabang 402. Jurnal FSD, Vol. 1 No. 1 PENERAPAN TEKNIK EDITING SMASH CUT PADA PENCIPTAAN FILM JABANG (The Application Of Smash Cut To The Creation Of The Film “Jabang”) Nidia Anggraini, Triadi Sya'dian Program Studi Televisi dan Film Fakultas Seni dan Desain, Universtitas Potensi Utama [email protected] ABSTRAK Analisis film pendek Jabang ini membahas tentang teknik editing smash cut pada film Jabang, yang terdiri dari beberapa transisi editing yang menggunakan teknik smash cut. Editing smash cut adalah teknik yang di potong secara tidak berurutan dengan tujuan estetika yang bertujuan untuk membuat penonton merasa di kejutkan dan tidak dapat menebak jalur cerita film. Semua teknik atau transisi tersebut sangat penting dari penulis terapkan dalam penciptaan film Jabang. Film Jabang adalah film fiksi bergenre Drama yang berdurasi 44menit, film Jabang mengangkat tema mengenai kokokan ayam malam-malam pertanda ada gadis yang hamil diluar nikah, mitos tersebut masih berkembang disebagian masyarakat di Indonesia. Film Jabang sendiri bersinopsis tentang satu keluarga tinggal dirumah warisan yang mulai kosong karena krisis ekonomi pada keluarga tersebut, suatu hari sang ayah (46tahun) bertekad untuk mencari pekerjaan kekampung orang dalam keadaan yang kurang sehat, kepergian sang ayah meninggalkan istrinya sumiati (38 tahun) dan dua orang anak, gadis (8tahun) bersama yuni (17tahun). Hingga suatu hari anak yang paling besar yuni (17tahun) melakukan hubungan suami istri yang kemudian diketahui hamil diluar nikah hingga membuat ibu marah besar sampai mengurungnya berbulan-bulan digudang. Hasil dari analisis di film jabang ini adalah editing yang digunakan banyak menggunakan transisi yang berbeda-beda dengan teknik editing smash cut yang bertujuan agar film menjadi lebih dramatis dan terlihat horror apalagi film jabang ini menggunakan warna kehijauan. Kata Kunci : Editing smash cut, Film Jabang, Mitos. ABSTRACT The the sis reporton smash cut editing techniques on jabang's film, which consists of several editing transitions using the smash cut technique. All of these techniques or transitions are essential for a writer to apply in the creation of a jabang film. When film ing a movie plays 444- minute drama fiction, the movie playing chicken crowing on night shows a girl with an out-of- wed lock birth, the my thstill grows in most parts of Indonesia. Jabang her self is nessy in 'about a family living in a family estate which had become empty because of an economic crisis on the family's head, one day (46year-old) deter mined to find a job in the village under poor circum stances, the father'sleaving his wife Sumiati (38) and two children, girl (8years) with Yuni (17years). Until one day the old est child of Yuni (17year-old) had a husband and wife who were then known to have anilleg tima te pregnancy that angered mother to the point of locking her up for months in the stock room. Keyword : editing smash cut, jabang film, myth. 1. PENDAHULUAN Editing merupakan proses menggerakkan dan menata video shot /hasil rekaman gambar menjadi suatu rekaman gambar baru yang enak untuk dilihat. Secara umum pekerjaan editing adalah berkaitan dengan proses pasca produksi seperti Tingling, Colour Corection, Sound,Mixing dan juga Nidia, Penerapan Teknik Editing Smash… 403 Cutting (Roy Thompson and Christopher J.Bowen,2009:1). Cutting merupakan perpindahan secara langsung antara shot yang satu ke shot yang lainnya. Cut biasanya digunakan untuk menciptakan kesinambungan antar shot dan membentuk sebuah adegan utuh yang bercerita. Macam-macam cutting terdiri dari Jump Cut, Match Cut, Straight Cut, Contras Cut , dan Smash Cut. Banyak teknik editing yang dapat di gunakan dalam membuat sebuah film, agar sebuah film mampu bercerita banyak dalam waktu singkat ketika menonton film tersebut. Di film jabang ini teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik Smash Cut yang merupakan teknik yang dipotong secara tiba- tibadengan beberapa transisi dengan tujuan estetika, yang bertujuan, agar disetiap adegan penonton di kejutkan dan tidak dapat menebak jalur cerita dimana sebuah adegan di potong ke adegan lainnya dengan jalur cerita yang sangat jauh dari setiap adegannya. Penulis menggunakan teknik editing smash cut di film Jabang yang mengangkat cerita rakyat kokokan ayam malam-malam, sebagai bahan skripsi karya yang gunanya untuk memberikan pesan terhadap remaja dan orang tua di seluruh Indonesia untuk tetap menjaga keharmonisan keluarga agar semua anak-anaknya dapat di perhatikan. Bagi remaja millenial, skripsi karya film ini seharusnya dapat dijadikan tontonan yang mengakibatkan akan dampak buruk dari tindakan seks bebas. Jabang dalam kamus besar bahasa Indonesia berarti bayi atau orok, dan film jabang adalah film fiksi yang mengangkat cerita dan isu masyarakat perkampungan tentang adanya suara kokokan ayam malam-malam pertanda ada gadis yang hamil diluar nikah,semua hal yang ada didalam cerita film jabang adalah fiktif dan di dramatisasikan oleh sentuhan horror. Film jabang bercerita tentang satu keluarga tinggal dirumah warisan yang mulai kosong karena krisis ekonomi pada keluarga tersebut, suatu hari sang ayah (46tahun) bertekad untuk mencari pekerjaan kekampung orang dalam keadaan yang kurang sehat, kepergian sang ayah meninggalkan istrinya sumiati (38 tahun) dan dua orang anak, gadis (8tahun) bersama yuni (17tahun). Hingga suatu hari anak yang paling besar yuni (17tahun) melakukan hubungan suami istri yang kemudian diketahui hamil diluar nikah hingga membuat ibu marah besar sampai mengurungnya berbulan-bulan digudang. Sebelumnya ibu juga mendapatkan kabar tentang suaminya dikampung orang yang meninggal dikarenakan penyakit yang berbulan-bulan dirasakan oleh suaminya.Situasi rumah menjadi hening dan hampa, gadis anak yang paling kecil juga merasakan kehilangan yang teramat dalam, namun tidak ada hal apapun yang dapat dilakukan gadis selain diam dan menerima semua kenyataan dari kakak dan orang tuanya. Sebagai referensi penulis mengambil beberapa buku, jurnal, film yang berkaitan dengan penerapan yang di terapkan oleh penciptaan film Jabang. Buku yang berjudul “Memahami Film” ini menjelaskan tentang bagaimana mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur pembentukan film dengan lebih sistematis dan rinci. Aspek sinematik dipecah menjadi unsur-unsur yang lebih spesifik, yakni mise en scene ,smash cut , editing, dan suara. Seluruh aspek tersebut dalam buku ini dijelaska secara rinci dengan menggunakan contoh-contoh yang tidak sulit dipahami para pencinta film. Buku ini dapatmenjadi rujukan penulis lebih memahami konsep editing yang baik dalam menciptakan sebuah film. (Pratista, Himawan ). Penulis mendapat referensi film A Mother’s Love garapan dari sutradara terkenal di Indonesia yaitu Joko Anwar yang diproduksi pada tahun 2018 di channel televisi parabola HBO Channel. Sebagai analisis pembeda dari film Jabang yang akan segera di produksi dalam waktu dekat ini, Film A Mother’s Love memiliki tema yang hampir serupa dengan film Jabang, namun dalam film yang menjadi rujukan tersebut mengisahkan cerita rakyat tentang hantu wewe gombel yang gemar mencuri anak-anak yang jauh dari orang tuanya. 2. METODE PENCIPTAAN Editing dalam sebuah film dengan skenario film jabang yang sudah dibuat saling berkaitan dengan yang lainnya, dengan tujuan film yang telah dibuat dapat terwujud sesuai yang diinginkan. Editor harus bisa memahami isi dalam naskah yang telah dibuat oleh sutradara dan dikembangkan menjadi film yang utuh agar dapat dinikmati oleh pencinta film atau masyarakat. Seorang editor harus tahu bagaimana bertutur cerita yang baik, dia bertanggung jawab dalam pengerjaan akhir sebuah film. Di film Jabang ini editor dituntut untuk membuat keputusan setiap 404. Jurnal FSD, Vol. 1 No. 1 saat, dia menentukan shot mana yang akan dipakai, berapa lama shot itu akan dipakai, kapan sebuah shot harus dipotong, bagaimana urutan shot disusun,dan sebagainya. Sebuah awal adegan bisa saja dimulai dengan establish shot sebuah tempat kejadian, tapi bisa dimulai dengan close Up aktor. Di film jabang ini editor menggunakan teknik editing smash cut, yang merupakan teknik yang bisa ditemukan atau diputuskan ditambahkan sendiri oleh sutradara dimana sebuah adegan secara tiba-tiba memotong sebuah adegan dengan berbagai transisi. Smash cut biasa dipakai untuk membuat tensi penonton menjadi meningkat atau biasa sering digunakan untuk memberikan kesan terkejut kepada penonton yang diselaraskan oleh sound effect. Sound effect dalam smash cut bisa menggunakan sound voley atau scoring musik. Sound voley yang dimaksud dalam smash cut seperti membanting pintu secara kuat dan disambung dengan adegan berikutnya yang memberikan kesan dramatis. Dalam penciptaan film Jabang, editor menerapkan beberapa teknik transisi seperti smash cut, dissolve, split/ L Cut, Fade , yang dimana transisi tersebut sangat penting untuk memberikan kesan dramatis dan informasi-informasi dalam penyusunan cerita. 2.1. Persiapan Persiapan yang penulis siapkan dalam pencarian ide dan gagasan dalam membuat film Jabang ini adalah dengan menonton film-film yang memiliki konsep Folklore atau cerita rakyat. dan film-film yang memiliki visual estetika yang dapat dijadikan sebagai referensi untuk diterapkan didalam film Jabang ini, lalu mengamati setiap visual yang ada dalam film tersebut dan mencoba memodifikasi visual yang ada pada film tersebut. Dengan menggunakan banyak transisi di dalam jalur cerita film jabang yang telah di buat oleh penulis. 2.2. Elaborasi Persiapan dan juga pengamatan yang telah penulis lakukan untuk terciptanya skripsi karya film Jabang ini
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