Page 1 of 4 Strength you can trust

About RBC ’s leading financial Top North American banks4 Royal of Canada (RBC) is one institution of the world’s leading diversified • Largest bank in Canada, with over Rank Company Market cap (US$ B) companies. One C$1,212 billion2 in total assets and a 1 JPMorgan 392 that is distinguished by a long heritage Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 2 Bank of America 325 10.9% (Basel III)2 of financial strength, integrity and 3 & Co. 315 unwavering dedication to our clients. • #1 or #2 market share across all major 4 205 financial products and services in Key facts Canada 5 RBC 124 • Chartered in 1869 • Recognized for “Best 6 -Dominion 109 • Approximately 80,000 employees Services Overall” in Canada for Bank speaking over 100 languages the ninth consecutive year (2016 4 serve more than 16 million clients Euromoney Private Banking and Top global worldwide Survey) Rank Company Market cap (US$ B) • One of the world’s leading diversified financial services companies, Stable…safe…sustainable 1 JPMorgan 392 providing personal and commercial • Consistently high credit ratings3 — 2 Ind & Comm Bank of 359 banking, wealth management Moody’s A1, Standard & Poor’s AA- China services, insurance, corporate and and Fitch Ratings AA 6 HSBC 220 , and transaction • Consistently strong and stable with a 9 185 processing services on a global basis high-quality balance sheet, proactive 10 RBC 124 risk management and a strong Among the world’s best liquidity position 17 100 • Top 5 of largest banks in North America1 • In 2016, through Foundation and Top 10 of largest banks globally1 as 1. As measured by market capitalization as at Grants, Employee Matching Gifts measured by market capitalization January 25, 2018. and Charitable Sponsorships, RBC • Named one of world’s top 100 Foundation – USA giving exceeded 2. As of October 31, 2017. Capital calculated to sustainable Companies in 2016 — include all regulatory adjustments that will be $2.7 million required by 2019 but retaining the phase-out Corporate Knights Global 100 Most • Named one of Canada’s Greenest rules of non-qualifying capital. Sustainable Corporations Employers, according to Canada’s 3. Credit ratings are not recommendations to • Global strength in wealth Top 100 Employers project purchase, sell or hold a financial position in as management and capital markets much as they do not comment on market price or suitability for a particular investor. Ratings • Acquired City National Bank in 2015, are subject to revision or withdrawal at any to offer private and business banking time by a rating agency. solutions and meet a broader range of clients’ financial needs in select 4. As of January 25, 2018. Source: Bloomberg. markets in the U.S.

Non-deposit investment products: • Not FDIC insured • Not bank guaranteed • May lose value Page 2 of 4 Strength you can trust, continued

About RBC Wealth Management What you can expect A wealth of client solutions As your wealth manager, we take time Our professional wealth managers No matter what stage in life, you can to understand your goals and offer deliver the customized strategies and depend on us to help you navigate comprehensive wealth solutions to help attentive service you deserve. The the complex choices and challenges you realize your life vision. We know experience is as much about helping planning for the future brings. We offer what’s important — the success of your you fulfill your sense of purpose through wealth management solutions to help family, personal aspirations and the your wealth as it is about achieving your integrate all your interests — family, legacy you want to leave to the world. financial objectives. business, lifestyle and philanthropy. By taking a holistic approach to all your These are the reasons we manage Key facts financial goals, we can help ensure an your wealth in a way that reflects your • Recognized as one of the world’s top optimal level of asset management and unique values and aspirations. Because 5 largest wealth managers by assets4 coordination, while being mindful of tax we believe as you do, that the greatest • In the U.S., earned 100% rating on the and estate implications. returns are realized when you grow Human Rights Campaign Corporate more than wealth. Equality Index (2017) Investment services • Advisory and discretionary • More than US$724 billion in assets Why investors choose RBC Wealth investment management services under administration and more Management across the entire investment than US$494 billion in assets under Clients who want to feel confident that spectrum management worldwide5 their wealth is being looked after by a • Access to world-class managers • Approximately 4,500 financial responsible financial steward select us across all asset classes because our character counts. When advisors, private bankers and you choose RBC Wealth Management, trust officers worldwide, with • Rigorous due diligence and risk analysis you will work with a company with deep approximately 1,800 financial resources, a reputation for putting the advisors in the U.S. • In-depth global research on equities, interests of clients ahead of our own and • Offers some of the very best of fixed income and investment a passion for helping transform the lives thousands of investment products, managers of the people we serve. including many local, regional • Market commentary and research and international investment by RBC Capital Markets and other opportunities that may not be leading providers available from other firms • Access to diversified investment alternatives, such as hedge funds, managed futures, domestic and Investments international funds, exchange- ts In ke su traded funds and structured product ar an ra M n n l u ce solutions a n it it latio ship ie & p re m s • Concentrated stock strategies to a ry an C a a m g mitigate risk, minimize taxes, gain i e you C r at r n e & lu ee r a P a d s liquidity and diversify single-stock Ev s c r h e s m position s d s n i a e w t o e C n n i i s u a i t v o s g s u e e l t l r s u e u g o t t You m o y a r m

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Credit solutions Professional Trustee services • Net unrealized appreciation strategies • Highly skilled credit specialists • More than 100 years’ experience as • Affiliate trading programs located in key global financial centers independent, professional trustees (10b5-1 plans) creating customized credit solutions • Multi-jurisdictional planning and • Buy-sell agreements and key person • Lines of credit secured by eligible cross-border tax awareness funding securities in an investment portfolio • Experienced charitable trustee Corporate services • Managing wealth through pairing of services for individuals and credit with investment strategies organizations, including Donor • Investment banking services including equity and debt • Innovative utilization of credit Advised Funds underwriting, IPOs, private through trusts to access liquidity • RBC Trust Company (Delaware) placements, private investment in Limited and South Dakota Trust public equities, and lending Comprehensive planning Company LLC offer personal trust • Wealth management and insurance services in two of the top trust • Employer-sponsored retirement plans planning jurisdictions for clients • Institutional consulting services and • College and education funding • Comerica Bank & Trust, NA offers fiduciary services planning personal and institutional trust • Employee ownership plan consulting • Retirement and retirement income services and TCA TrustCorp America and implementation, including online planning offers personal trust services along administration and execution for with flexible investment options. Both public and private companies • Estate and multigenerational wealth offer estate or trust/estate settlement planning • Corporate share repurchases Insurance and Annuity services • Hedging and monetization strategies, Cash management tax efficiency and asset protection • Full range of insurance solutions, • Access to a comprehensive set including term, whole life, universal • Directed share programs of integrated cash management life, single premium life and variable solutions universal life, long-term care, disability Worldwide Capablities • Online bill pay and electronic funds and survivorship life If you have family members living in transfer • Access to a range of annuities more than one country, do business • RBC Visa® Platinum with including variable, fixed, fixed index, in more than one currency or if enhanced fraud protection, Platinum single premium immediate, and international travel is a big part of your benefits and ApplePay™ deferred income life, you may recognize that wealth – and wealth management issues – often • Cash sweep choices, including FDIC- transcend domestic boundaries. Beyond insured deposits City National Bank • Provides sophisticated, high-touch our Canadian base, we have offices in Capital Markets relationship banking products American cities from coast to coast as well as a broad global presence in key • Premier investment bank, consistently including credit, deposit and cash financial centers throughout North ranked among the largest global management services for individual 6 America, the United Kingdom, Europe investment banks, according to and business clients and Asia. Bloomberg and Dealogic • A network of over 70 full service • More than 7,100 professionals and banking offices in Northern and It all starts with you Southern California, Nevada, New support staff operating out of 70 Through your dedicated financial York City, Nashville and Atlanta offices in 15 countries advisor, we deliver objective advice, • Clients reside in more than 100 Executive services and employee innovative strategies and customized countries worldwide solutions solutions to help meet your wealth management goals — both for today and • A leader in debt and foreign exchange • Deferred compensation and for years to come. markets globally and a key player in insurance solutions North American equity markets • Restricted securities transactions, For more information, visit • A focused expertise in alternative liquidity, execution, reporting and www.rbcwealthmanagement.com. assets and commodities processing; proactive block sales • Liquidity strategies for large blocks of concentrated holdings Page 4 of 4 Strength you can trust, continued

4. Scorpio Partnership Global Private Banking KPI Benchmark 2017. This measurement includes all global RBC Wealth Management affiliates including the U.S. division. 5. As at October 31, 2017. 6. City National Bank is a member FDIC and an Equal Housing Lender. RBC Wealth Management employees may receive compensation from RBC Wealth. Management for referring customers to City National Bank. Past performance is not necessarily a guide to future performance and any exposure to multiple currencies may cause additional fluctuation in the value of any investment. This information has been provided by affiliated corporate entities consisting of Royal , City National Bank and RBC Capital Markets, LLC. City National Bank and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, are wholly owned subsidiaries of . Royal Bank of Canada is regulated by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions in Canada and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency in the United States. Banking products and credit services provided by Royal Bank of Canada and City National Bank are subject to their terms and conditions, and are not insured by SIPC. All loans, lines of credits and other financing are subject to credit approval. Credit Specialists are employees of Royal Bank of Canada. RBC Capital Markets, LLC, may receive compensation in connection with these services. RBC Premier Line of Credit facilities are repayable upon demand of Royal Bank of Canada. You will be responsible for the cost of breaking the underlying interest contract before the end of the contract term if any loan amount is repaid in whole or in part (voluntarily or involuntarily). Loans issued in foreign currencies may involve risk not typically associated with U.S. dollar denominated loans, including, but not limited to, differing valuations, currency fluctuations, political and economic instability, foreign taxation and different accounting methods. Equal Housing Lender. Residential real estate financing terms and eligibility may be limited by state law. Professional Trustee services are offered to RBC Wealth Management clients by RBC Trust Company (Delaware) Limited (RBC Trust), Comerica Bank & Trust, N.A., TCA TrustCorp America and South Dakota Trust Company LLC which may serve as trustee. RBC Capital Markets, LLC, is a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), and RBC Trust is a division of RBC. RBC Wealth Management and/or your financial advisor may receive compensation in connection with offering or referring these services. Neither RBC Wealth Management nor its financial advisors are able to serve as trustee. RBC Wealth Management does not provide tax or legal advice. All decisions regarding the tax or legal implications of your investments should be made in connection with your independent tax or legal advisor. This brochure has been issued by Royal Bank of Canada on behalf of RBC0 companies that comprise the RBC Wealth Management network. Services outlined may be provided by a variety of subsidiaries and offices, either independently or acting together. You should carefully read any risk warnings or regulatory disclosures in this brochure or any other literature enclosed with this brochure or forwarded to you by Royal Bank of Canada, its subsidiaries or affiliates. Some of the services detailed in this brochure are not offered in all jurisdictions and may not be available to you. This document does not constitute an invitation to buy or the solicitation of an offer to sell securities or any other products or services in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such a solicitation in such jurisdiction. Consult with your financial advisor before making your investment decisions. Any products and/or services described in this brochure are provided by a variety of Royal Bank of Canada subsidiaries and offices, either independently or acting together, operating in a number of different jurisdictions. You should note that the applicable regulatory regime, including any investor protection or depositor compensation arrangements, may well be different from that of your home jurisdiction. This brochure is intended as general information only and is not intended as taxation, legal, investment or other professional advice. You should always obtain independent professional advice particular to your individual circumstances. Royal Bank of Canada, its affiliates and subsidiaries and their officers, directors, employees and agents are not responsible for and will not be liable to you or anyone else for any damages whatsoever (including direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential, exemplary or punitive damages) arising out of or in connection with your reliance on this brochure, even if Royal Bank of Canada, its affiliates or subsidiaries or their officers, directors, employees or agents have been advised of the possibility of these damages. Visit RBC at-a-glance at rbc.com/investorrelations ® Registered trademark of Royal Bank of Canada. ™ Trademark of Royal Bank of Canada. Used under licence. VPS58765 RBC Wealth Management, a division of RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Member NYSE/FINRA/SIPC. © 2018 All rights reserved. 0190 (01/18)