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Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends

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Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends International Journal of Dentistry Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends Guest Editors: S. Al-Mubarak, S. Ciancio, and J. K. Baskaradoss Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends International Journal of Dentistry Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends Guest Editors: S. Al-Mubarak, S. Ciancio, and J. K. Baskaradoss Copyright © 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “International Journal of Dentistry.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board AliI.Abdalla,Egypt James K. Hartsfield, USA Joseph Nissan, Israel Yahya Ac¸il, Germany Yumiko Hosoya, Japan Athena Papas, USA Jasim M. Albandar, USA Saso Ivanovski, Australia Patricia Pereira, USA Manal Awad, UAE Chia-Tze Kao, Taiwan Roberta Pileggi, USA Ashraf F. Ayoub, UK Elizabeth Kay, UK Michael E. Razzoog, USA Silvana Barros, USA Kristin Klock, Norway AndreReis,Brazil´ Sema Belli, Turkey Kee-Yeon Kum, Republic of Korea Georgios E. Romanos, USA Marilia Buzalaf, Brazil Manuel Lagravere, Canada Kamran Safavi, USA Giuseppina Campisi, Italy Daniel M. Laskin, USA Gilberto Sammartino, Italy Francesco Carinci, Italy Claudio R. Leles, Brazil Robin Seymour, UK Lim Kwong Cheung, Hong Kong Louis M. Lin, USA Timo Sorsa, Finland Brian W. Darvell, Kuwait A. D. Loguercio, Brazil Gianrico Spagnuolo, Italy Hugo De Bruyn, Belgium Tommaso Lombardi, Switzerland Andreas Stavropoulos, Sweden Dong Mei Deng, The Netherlands Martin Lorenzoni, Austria Dimitris N. Tatakis, USA Shinn-Jyh Ding, Taiwan Adriano Loyola, Brazil Shigeru Uno, Japan J. D. Eick, USA M. A. Moreira Machado, Brazil Jacques Vanobbergen, Belgium Annika Ekestubbe, Sweden JukkaH.Meurman,Finland Marcos Vargas, USA Carla Evans, USA Hendrik Meyer-Luckel, Germany Ahmad Waseem, UK Vincent Everts, The Netherlands Konstantinos Michalakis, Greece Izzet Yavuz, Turkey Roland Frankenberger, Germany Masashi Miyazaki, Japan Cynthia Yiu, Hong Kong Gerald Glickman, USA Yasuhiro Morimoto, Japan Li Wu Zheng, Hong Kong Valeria V. Gordan, USA Carlos A. Munoz-Viveros, USA Qiang Zhu, USA Rosa H. Grande, Brazil Hiroshi Murata, Japan Spiros Zinelis, Greece Yoshitaka Hara, Japan Toru Nikaido, Japan Contents Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends, S. Al-Mubarak, S. Ciancio, and J. K. Baskaradoss Volume 2014, Article ID 953646, 2 pages Common Periodontal Diseases of Children and Adolescents,HayatAl-Ghutaimel,HishamRiba, Salem Al-Kahtani, and Saad Al-Duhaimi Volume 2014, Article ID 850674, 7 pages The Effect of Orthodontic Therapy on Periodontal Health: A Review of the Literature, Samah Alfuriji, Nora Alhazmi, Nasir Alhamlan, Ali Al-Ehaideb, Moatazbellah Alruwaithi, Nasser Alkatheeri, and Amrita Geevarghese Volume 2014, Article ID 585048, 8 pages Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease: Review of the Literature, Yousef A. AlJehani Volume 2014, Article ID 182513, 9 pages A New Classification of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions, Khalid S. Al-Fouzan Volume 2014, Article ID 919173, 5 pages Diagnostic Applications of Cone-Beam CT for Periodontal Diseases, Yousef A. AlJehani Volume 2014, Article ID 865079, 5 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2014, Article ID 953646, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/953646 Editorial Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends S. Al-Mubarak,1 S. Ciancio,2 and J. K. Baskaradoss3 1 Dental Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2 DepartmentofPeriodonticsandEndodontics,SchoolofDentalMedicine,UniversityatBuffalo,SUNY,Buffalo,NY,USA 3 Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Correspondence should be addressed to S. Al-Mubarak; [email protected] Received 25 July 2014; Accepted 25 July 2014; Published 25 August 2014 Copyright © 2014 S. Al-Mubarak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, researchers, as it has been shown that orthodontic forces tend are the most commonly occurring, yet very specific, infec- to induce an inflammatory reaction in the periodontium. tions of the oral cavity. When the infection is progressive, The paper “Risk factors of periodontal disease: review of it changes from a reversible diagnosis of gingivitis to a less the literature,” by Y. A. AlJehani, provides an in-depth review favorable, more difficult to reverse condition: periodontitis. of the current evidence on the potential roles of modifiable Previously, research was focused on the microbiological and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with periodontal aspects of the periodontitis. Currently, it has been well estab- disease. This review article also briefly describes the various lished that microorganisms alone are not sufficient for the risk characteristics that are related to periodontal diseases. initiation of periodontal diseases. Factors like host response, In the paper “A new classification of endodontic- health behaviour, and stress, among other risk factors, play an periodontal lesions,” K. S. Al-Fouzan presents a new and importantroleinthepresenceofthedisease. modified method of classifying endo-perio lesions. The Research during the past 50 years have markedly differential diagnosis of endodontic and periodontal diseases improved our understanding of the biological mechanisms of can sometimes be difficult, but it is of vital importance periodontal diseases. We believe that scientific partnerships to make a correct diagnosis for providing the appropriate among dedicated practitioners along with extensive interna- treatment. tional collaboration on research activity can further enhance The paper “Diagnostic applications of cone-beam CT for existing knowledge in this field. periodontal diseases,” by Y. A. AlJehani, describes the advan- This special issue contains five review articles, from tages of using cone-beam CT (CBCT) in the diagnosis of peri- authors in different specialties in dentistry. In the paper odontal diseases. CBCT is a relatively new imaging modality entitled “Common periodontal diseases of children and ado- that is widely used in general and specialized dentistry. This lescents,” Al-Ghutaimel et al. present the role of periodon- reviewishighlyrelevantsinceonlyfewstudieshaveappraised tal/gingival diseases in children and adolescents. This paper, the role of CBCT in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. The highlights the importance of periodontal and gingival health author has highlighted the role of CBCT in the diagnosing in the overall wellbeing of a child. bony craters and defects, in measuring bone levels and in the In the paper “The effect of orthodontic therapy on peri- visualization of the periodontal ligament space. odontal health: a review of the literature,” S. Alfuriji et The published articles are not exhaustive representation al. present a review on the role of periodontal health in of the recent advances in the field of epidemiology and orthodontic therapy. Knowledge about this interaction is diagnosis of periodontal diseases. Nonetheless, the papers of great importance not only for clinicians but also for provide a rich and many-faceted knowledge, that we have 2 International Journal of Dentistry thepleasureofsharingwiththereaders.Wewouldliketo thank the authors for their excellent contributions and all the reviewers for their patience and cooperation. S. Al-Mubarak S. Ciancio J. K. Baskaradoss Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2014, Article ID 850674, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/850674 Review Article Common Periodontal Diseases of Children and Adolescents Hayat Al-Ghutaimel, Hisham Riba, Salem Al-Kahtani, and Saad Al-Duhaimi Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Correspondence should be addressed to Hisham Riba; [email protected] Received 15 February 2014; Accepted 29 April 2014; Published 26 June 2014 Academic Editor: Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss Copyright © 2014 Hayat Al-Ghutaimel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Since 2000, studies, experiments, and clinical observations revealed high prevalence of periodontal diseases among children and adolescents. Therefore, this paper was designed to provide an update for dental practitioners on epidemiology, microbiology, pathology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. Methods. This paper reviews the current literature concerning periodontal diseases in pediatric dentistry. It includes MEDLINE database search using key terms: “periodontal diseases in children,” “Periodontal diseasesin adolescents,” “periodontal diseases risk factors,” “microbiology of periodontal diseases,” “classification of periodontal diseases,” “epidemiology
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