ONPRC Module 3A: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
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Spawning & Larviculture of Bivalve Mollusks
Spawning & Larviculture of Bivalve Mollusks Grade Level: Subject Area: Time: 9-12 Aquaculture, Biology, Preparation: 30 minutes to prepare Reproduction, Anatomy Activity: 50 minute lecture (may require 1 ½ class periods) Clean-up: NA SPS (SSS): 06.04 Employ correct terminologies for animal species and conditions (e.g. sex, age, etc.) (LA.A.1.4.1-4; LA.A.2.4.4; LA.B.1.4.1-3; LA.B.2.4.1-3; LA.C.1.4.1; LA.C.2.4.1). 11.09 Develop an information file in aquaculture species (LA.A.1.4, 2.4; LA.B.1.4, 2.4; LA.C.1.4, 2.4, 3.4; LA.D.2.4; SC.D.1.4; SC.F.1.4, 2.4; SC.G.1.4, 2.4). 11.10 List and describe the major factors in the growth of aquatic fauna and flora (LA.A.1.4, 2.4; LA.B.1.4, 2.4; LA.C.1.4, 2.4, 3.4; LA.D.2.4; SC.D.1.4, SC.F.1.4, 2.4; SC.G.1.4, 2.4). 13.02 Explain how changes in water affect aquatic life (LA.A.1.4, 2.4; LA.B.2.4; LA.C.1.4, 2.4; LA.D.2.4; SC.F.1.4; SC.G.1.4). 13.03 Explain, monitor, and maintain freshwater/saltwater quality standards for the production of desirable species (LA.A.1.4, 2.4; LA.B.2.4; LA.C.1.4, 2.4; LA.D.2.4; MA>B.1.4; MA.E.1.4, 2.4, 3.4; SC.E.2.4; SC.F.2.4; SC.G.1.4). -
Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals.Pmd
9 Reproduction in Animals MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Sets of reproductive terms are given below. Choose the set that has an incorrect combination. (a) sperm, testis, sperm duct, penis (b) menstruation, egg, oviduct, uterus (c) sperm, oviduct, egg, uterus (d) ovulation, egg, oviduct, uterus 2. In humans, the development of fertilised egg takes place in the (a) ovary (c) oviduct (b) testis (d) uterus 3. In the list of animals given below, hen is the odd one out. human being, cow, dog, hen The reason for this is (a) it undergoes internal fertilisation. (b) it is oviparous. (c) it is viviparous. (d) it undergoes external fertilisation. 4. Animals exhibiting external fertilisation produce a large number of gametes. Pick the appropriate reason from the following. (a) The animals are small in size and want to produce more offsprings. (b) Food is available in plenty in water. (c) To ensure better chance of fertilisation. (d) Water promotes production of large number of gametes. 5. Reproduction by budding takes place in (a) hydra (c) paramecium (b) amoeba (d) bacteria 6. Which of the following statements about reproduction in humans is correct? (a) Fertilisation takes place externally. 12/04/18 48 EEE XEMPLAR PROBLEMS (b) Fertilisation takes place in the testes. (c) During fertilisation egg moves towards the sperm. (d) Fertilisation takes place in the human female. 7. In human beings, after fertilisation, the structure which gets embedded in the wall of uterus is (a) ovum (c) foetus (b) embryo (d) zygote 8. Aquatic animals in which fertilisation occurs in water are said to be: (a) viviparous without fertilisation. -
Differences in Pronucleus Formation and First Cleavage Following in Vitro Fertilization Between Pig Oocytes Matured in Vivo and in Vitro J
Differences in pronucleus formation and first cleavage following in vitro fertilization between pig oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro J. Laurincik, D. Rath, and H. Niemann ^Research Institute of Animal Production, Hlohovska 2, 94992 Nitra, Slovak Republic; and zInstitut für Tierzucht und Tierverhalten (TAL) Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany To elucidate the developmental differences occurring after in vitro fertilization (IVF) of pig oocytes matured either in vitro (n = 1934) or in vivo (n = 1128), the present experiment investigated the morphological changes from penetration to the two-cell stage. Oocytes were examined every 2\p=n-\4h from 2 to 32 h after in vitro insemination to study sperm penetration, male and female pronucleus formation, synkaryosis and first cleavage. The penetration rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for in vivo matured oocytes (69.8%) than for in vitro matured oocytes (35.0%). Penetration of spermatozoa into the ooplasm was first recorded 6 h (in vitro matured oocytes) and 4 h (in vivo matured oocytes) after addition of the spermatozoa to the oocytes. For both in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes, 2 h were required for sperm head decondensation. However, maximum sperm head decondensation occurred 2 h later in in vitro matured oocytes. Within 6 h, 41.7 \m=+-\5.6% of the in vivo matured oocytes had completed second meiotic division, whereas only 20.8 \m=+-\6.5% of the in vitro matured oocytes reached this developmental stage (P < 0.01). For in vitro matured oocytes, male pronucleus formation was retarded 2\p=n-\4h after onset of insemination and develop- ment of the female pronucleus was enhanced compared with in vivo matured oocytes. -
An Investigation Into Pronuclear Migration in Fertilized Sea Urchin Cells
An Investigation into Pronuclear Migration in Fertilized Sea Urchin Cells Author: Sean Patrick Ruvolo Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107271 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2016 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of Biology AN INVESTIGATION INTO PRONUCLEAR MIGRATION IN FERTILIZED SEA URCHIN CELLS a thesis by SEAN PATRICK RUVOLO submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science October 2016 © Copyright by Sean Patrick Ruvolo 2016 An Investigation into Pronuclear Migration in Fertilized Sea Urchin Cells Sean Patrick Ruvolo Advisor: David Burgess, Ph.D. After fertilization, centration of the nucleus is a necessary first step for ensuring proper cell division and embryonic development in many proliferating cells such as the sea urchin. In order for the nucleus to migrate to the cell center, the sperm aster must first capture the female pronucleus for fusion. While microtubules (MTs) are known to be necessary for centration, the precise mechanisms for both capture and centration remain undetermined. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the role of MTs in nuclear centration. Fertilized sea urchin cells were treated with the pharmacological agent, urethane (ethyl carbamate), in order to induce MT catastrophe and shrink MT asters during pronuclear capture and centration. It was discovered that proper MT length and proximity are required for pronuclear capture, since diminished asters could not interact with the female pronucleus at opposite ends of the cell. -
Examination of Early Cleavage an Its Importance in IVF Treatment Fancsovits P, Takacs FZ, Tothne GZ, Papp Z Urbancsek J J
Journal für Reproduktionsmedizin und Endokrinologie – Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Endocrinology – Andrologie • Embryologie & Biologie • Endokrinologie • Ethik & Recht • Genetik Gynäkologie • Kontrazeption • Psychosomatik • Reproduktionsmedizin • Urologie Examination of Early Cleavage an its Importance in IVF Treatment Fancsovits P, Takacs FZ, Tothne GZ, Papp Z Urbancsek J J. Reproduktionsmed. Endokrinol 2006; 3 (6), 367-372 www.kup.at/repromedizin Online-Datenbank mit Autoren- und Stichwortsuche Offizielles Organ: AGRBM, BRZ, DVR, DGA, DGGEF, DGRM, D·I·R, EFA, OEGRM, SRBM/DGE Indexed in EMBASE/Excerpta Medica/Scopus Krause & Pachernegg GmbH, Verlag für Medizin und Wirtschaft, A-3003 Gablitz FERRING-Symposium digitaler DVR 2021 Mission possible – personalisierte Medizin in der Reproduktionsmedizin Was kann die personalisierte Kinderwunschbehandlung in der Praxis leisten? Freuen Sie sich auf eine spannende Diskussion auf Basis aktueller Studiendaten. SAVE THE DATE 02.10.2021 Programm 12.30 – 13.20Uhr Chair: Prof. Dr. med. univ. Georg Griesinger, M.Sc. 12:30 Begrüßung Prof. Dr. med. univ. Georg Griesinger, M.Sc. & Dr. Thomas Leiers 12:35 Sind Sie bereit für die nächste Generation rFSH? Im Gespräch Prof. Dr. med. univ. Georg Griesinger, Dr. med. David S. Sauer, Dr. med. Annette Bachmann 13:05 Die smarte Erfolgsformel: Value Based Healthcare Bianca Koens 13:15 Verleihung Frederik Paulsen Preis 2021 Wir freuen uns auf Sie! Examination of Early Cleavage and its Importance in IVF Treatment P. Fancsovits, F. Z. Takács, G. Z. Tóthné, Z. Papp, J. Urbancsek Since the introduction of assisted reproduction, the number of multiple pregnancies has increased due to the high number of transferred embryos. There is an urgent need for IVF specialists to reduce the number of embryos transferred without the risk of decreasing pregnancy rates. -
Oocyte Polarity: a Sign of Oocyte Quality?
Biology of Reproduction Unit Oocyte polarity: a sign of oocyte quality? Carlos E. Plancha1,2 1 Unidade de Biologia da Reprodução, Inst. Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, . Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Portugal 2 CEMEARE – Centro Médico de Assistência à Reprodução, Lisboa, Portugal 7th ESHRE Campus on Mammalian Folliculogenesis and Oogenesis Stresa, Italy 19-21 April, 2012 DISCLOSURE CE Plancha does not have any commercial and/or financial relationship with manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, laboratory supplies and/or medical devices. 7th ESHRE Campus on Mammalian Folliculogenesis and Oogenesis Stresa, Italy 19-21 April, 2012 Presentation outline 1. Oocyte quality: impact, acquisition and approaches 2. Oocyte polarity: a feature of oocyte maturation 3. Oocyte polarity: a reflection of oocyte quality? 4. Future challenges 7th ESHRE Campus on Mammalian Folliculogenesis and Oogenesis Stresa, Italy 19-21 April, 2012 Presentation outline 1. Oocyte quality: impact, acquisition and approaches 2. Oocyte polarity: a feature of oocyte maturation 3. Oocyte polarity: a reflection of oocyte quality? 4. Future challenges 7th ESHRE Campus on Mammalian Folliculogenesis and Oogenesis Stresa, Italy 19-21 April, 2012 Oocyte Quality: a major determinant of Embryo Quality and Reproductive Success % Transfers that resulted in Live Births for ART Cycles using Fresh Embryos, from Own and Donor Eggs, by Woman’s Age Oocyte Quality is an oocyte 2008 Assisted Reproductive Technology Report attribute of major relevance in the Centers for Disease Control -
Sexual Reproduction
Contents Sexual reproduction Events in sexual reproduction Gastrulation Pre-fertilization events Organogenesis Fertilization Parturition Post fertilization events Mammalian reproductive cycles Embryogenesis Oviparous & viviparous animals Parthenogenesis Ovoviviparous animals Phases of life cycle Agieng and senescence Sexual reproduction . It is found in almost all the animals, plants and other life forms including fungi, bacteria and protists. A bi-parental process. Male and female gametes are formed. Germ cells act as reproductive units. Fertilization of male and female gametes occurs in order to obtain the Zygote. During meiosis, haploid gametes are produced from diploid germ cells. Produces their offspring less rapidly. Prominent male and female reproductive organs are required. Events in sexual reproduction Pre-fertilization events Fertilization Post-fertilization events Pre-fertilization events Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis Oogenesis . In most of the organisms male gamete is motile & the female gamete is stationary. In aquatic plants gamete transfer takes place through water. Male gametes are produced in very large number because a large number of male Gamete Transfer Gamete gametes are lost during transport. Fertilization . It is complete permanent fusion of two gametes from different parents or from the same parent. It results in the formation of a single celled, diploid zygote. It is of two types: External fertilization Internal fertilization Post fertilization events Zygote . Zygote is the vital link that ensures continuity -
Human Anatomy Bio 11 Embryology “Chapter 3”
Human Anatomy Bio 11 Embryology “chapter 3” Stages of development 1. “Pre-” really early embryonic period: fertilization (egg + sperm) forms the zygote gastrulation [~ first 3 weeks] 2. Embryonic period: neurulation organ formation [~ weeks 3-8] 3. Fetal period: growth and maturation [week 8 – birth ~ 40 weeks] Human life cycle MEIOSIS • compare to mitosis • disjunction & non-disjunction – aneuploidy e.g. Down syndrome = trisomy 21 • visit http://www.ivc.edu/faculty/kschmeidler/Pages /sc-mitosis-meiosis.pdf • and/or http://www.ivc.edu/faculty/kschmeidler/Pages /HumGen/mit-meiosis.pdf GAMETOGENESIS We will discuss, a bit, at the end of the semester. For now, suffice to say that mature males produce sperm and mature females produce ova (ovum; egg) all of which are gametes Gametes are haploid which means that each gamete contains half the full portion of DNA, compared to somatic cells = all the rest of our cells Fertilization restores the diploid state. Early embryonic stages blastocyst (blastula) 6 days of human embryo development http://www.sisuhospital.org/FET.php human early embryo development https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/28- 2-embryonic-development/ https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/thumb/d/dd/Model_human_blastocyst_development.jpg/600px-Model_human_blastocyst_development.jpg Good Sites To Visit • Schmeidler: http://www.ivc.edu/faculty/kschmeidler/Pages /sc_EMBRY-DEV.pdf • https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryol ogy/index.php/Week_1 • https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/c hapter/28-2-embryonic-development/ -
The Amazing Sperm Race Modeling Meiosis and Determining Zygote Characteristics
Biology The Amazing Sperm Race Modeling Meiosis and Determining Zygote Characteristics MATERIALS AND RESOURCES ABOUT THIS LESSON EACH GROUP TEACHER his activity involves an inexpensive, hands-on, S E noodle chromosomes index card, 3 in. × 5 in. and exciting way for students to experience G A ® how homologous chromosomes undergo marker, Sharpie T P meiosis to produce gametes. This activity culminates 1 roll tape, masking in a “race” to determine a zygote’s genotypic and R 1 box toothpicks phenotypic characteristics. This is an essential lesson E H ® because it provides a deep, rich context for past Velcro (hook and loop) C heredity content in the middle grades and sets the A 1 roll yarn foundation for all future learning in genetics. E T OBJECTIVES Students will: • Simulate the process of meiosis using pool noodle chromosomes • Determine the phenotype and genotype of a zygote • Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis • Articulate the steps of Meiosis I and II • Analyze the impact that meiosis has on genetic variability in a population LEVEL Biology Copyright © 2013 National Math + Science Initiative, Dallas, Texas. All rights reserved. Visit us online at www.nms.org. i Biology – The Amazing Sperm Race COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS (LITERACY) RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. (LITERACY) RST.9-10.2 DEVELOPING AND USING MODELS Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; trace the text’s explanation or depiction of a complex process, phenomenon, or concept; provide an accurate summary of the text. -
Live Births After Polar Body Biopsy and Frozen-Thawed Cleavage Stage Embryo Transfer: Case Report
JBRA Assisted Reproduction 2016;20(4):253-256 doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20160049 Case Report Live births after polar body biopsy and frozen-thawed cleavage stage embryo transfer: case report Fernando Guimarães1, Matheus Roque1,2, Marcello Valle1, Alessandra Kostolias1, Rodrigo A de Azevedo1, Ciro D Martinhago3, Marcos Sampaio4, Selmo Geber2,4 1ORIGEN – Center for Reproductive Medicine, Rio de Janeiro/RJ - Brazil 2UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG - Brazil 3Chromosome Genomic Medicine, São Paulo/SP - Brazil 4ORIGEN – Center for Reproductive Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG - Brazil ABSTRACT 2002). To perform the biopsy, it is important to cause a Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) or screening disruption of the zona pellucida of the oocyte or embryo (PGS) technology, has emerged and developed in the past occurs, which can be performed mechanically, chemically few years, benefiting couples as it allows the selection and or using laser (Brezina et al., 2012). The key point of PGD/ transfer of healthy embryos during IVF treatments. These PGS is to have access to the genetic material to be evalu- techniques can be performed in oocytes (polar-body biop- ated, without compromising the material analyzed and the sy) or embryos (blastomere or trophectoderm biopsy). In quality of the oocyte/embryo (Xu & Montag, 2012). this case report, we describe the first two live births to be Polar body (PB) biopsy was introduced in 1990 (Ver- published in Brazil after a polar-body (PB) biopsy. In case linsky et al., 1990), and it is associated with a less inva- 1, a 42-year-old was submitted to PB biopsy with PGS due sive technique, presenting advantages, because it main- to advanced maternal age and poor ovarian reserve. -
Proctor Booklet
3.11 C: Meiosis Quiz PROCTOR VERSION 1. Which diagram best illustrates the processes of DNA replication, meiosis, and separation of sister chromatids? (A) Distractor Rationale: This answer suggests the student may understand that meiosis involves the splitting of homologous chromosomes, but does not understand that the first step in this process is the replication of all chromosomes to create a pair of two chromatids attached by a centromere (the X-shaped structures), and that the last step is the separation of sister chromatids in meiosis II to create four daughter cells, each containing a long chromosome and a short chromosome. (B) Distractor Rationale: This answer suggests the student may understand that meiosis involves the replication of all chromosomes and the pairing up and separation of homologous chromosomes, but does not understand that the final step in this process is the separation of sister chromatids in meiosis II to produce four haploid daughter cells, each with the haploid number of chromosomes. (C) Page 1 of 8 3.11 C: Meiosis Quiz PROCTOR VERSION Distractor Rationale: This answer suggests the student may understand that meiosis involves the replication of all chromosomes and the separation of sister chromatids, but does not realize that the first division involves the pairing up and separation of homologous chromosomes, and that this is then followed by a second division that produces four daughter cells, each with the haploid number of chromosomes. (D) Rationale: This answer suggests the student understands that the representation accurately depicts how the process of meiosis produces four haploid cells from one diploid parent cell: the formation of chromosomes, formation of the spindle complex, pairing of homologs, lining up of homologs on the equator, migration of chromosomes, and two divisions. -
Plant's Parent Genes Cooperate in Shaping
Plant’s parent genes cooperate in shaping their child ~ Discovery of parental factors that lead to asymmetric division of the zygote ~ April 21, 2017 An international group of plant biologists discovered for the first time on how factors arising from the mother and father in flowering plants cooperate to develop the shape of their child. Until now, it has been unknown whether paternal factors cooperate or conflict with each other to bring about zygote asymmetry. The outcome of this discovery is expected to shed light on the exact mechanism of plant body shape formation and possibly lead to the generation of new hybrid plants. Nagoya, Japan – A group of plant biologists at the Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM) of Nagoya University, have reported in the journal Genes and Development, on their discovery on how plant’s maternal and paternal factors cooperate for the child to grow in the proper shape. In a research led by Dr. Minako Ueda, a lecturer at ITbM, the group discovered that upon fertilization, the factor originating from the father’s sperm cell activates a particular protein in the zygote (fertilized egg cell). In addition, this activated protein cooperates with the factor derived from the mother’s egg cell for the zygote to develop in the correct manner. This research shows for the first time how father- and mother-derived factors cooperate in the child development of plants. Sperm cells Fertilization rom the father Zygote (child) Various factors (Genes, proteins, etc.) Egg cells from the mother Fertilization in plants. Factors (genes, proteins, etc.) derived from the mother and father are mixed in the zygote (child) upon fertilization.