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Maps of the Millimetre Sky from the Boomerang Experiment 35
Maps of the Cosmos ASP Conference Series, Vol. 216, 2005 M. Colless, L. Staveley-Smith, R. Stathakis Maps of the Millimetre Sky from the BOOMERanG Experiment 1 P. de Bernardis", G. De Troia , M. Giacometti", A. Iacoangeli", 1 S. Masi", A. Melchiorri", F. Nati , F. Piacentini", G. Polenta", 2 S. Ricciardi", P. A. R. Ade , P. D. Mauskopf", A. Balbi3 , P. Cabella3 , 4 5 G. De Gasperis'', P. Natoli'', N. Vittorio'', J. J. Bock , J. R. Bond , C. R. Contaldi'', J. Borrill", A. Boscaleri", E. Pascale7,14 , W. C. Jones", A. E. Lange", P. Mason", V. V. Hristov", B. P. CriU8,9 , A. De-Oliveira 11 11 Costal", M. Tegmark!", K. Ganga , E. Hivon , T. Montroyl", T. Kisnerl", J E. Ruh112 , A. H. Jaffe l 3 , C. MacTavish14 , C. B. Netterfield'", D. Pogosyanl", S. Prunet'", and G. Romeo 17 1 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' La Sapienza, Roma, Italy 2 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Wales, UK 3 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy 4 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA 5 CITA, University of Toronto, Canada 6 NERSC, LBNL, Berkeley, CA, USA 7 IFAC-CNR, Firenze, Italy 8 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 9 CSU Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA 10 Phys. Dept. University of Pennsylvanya, Philadelphia, PA, USA 11 IPAC, CalTech, Pasadena, CA, USA 12 Physics Department, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA 13 Astrophysics Group, Imperial College, London, UK 14 Depts. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toronto, Canada 15 Physics Dept., University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada 16 Institut d'Astrophysique, Paris, France 17 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica, Roma, Italy Abstract. -
The Theory of Anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background
TACMB-1: The Theory of Anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background: Martin White and J.D. Cohn Dept. of Astronomy 601 Campbell Hall UC Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 USA Abstract This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on the theory of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. Journal articles, web pages, and books are cited for the following topics: discovery, cosmological origin, early work, recombination, general CMB anisotropy references, primary CMB anisotropies (numerical, analytical work), secondary effects, Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect(s), lensing, reionization, polarization, gravity waves, defects, topology, origin of fluctuations, development of fluctuations, inflation and other ties to particle physics, parameter estimation, recent constraints, web resources, foregrounds, observations and observational issues, and gaussianity. Introduction The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is a relic of a time when the universe was hot and dense, and as such it encodes a wealth of information about the early universe and the formation of the large-scale structure we see in the universe today. The very existence of the CMB is one of the four pillars of the hot big bang cosmology. That the spectrum [7, 8, 9] is the best measured black body spectrum in nature provides stringent constraints on its origin and on any injection of energy at early times [14]. Perhaps the most exciting and active area of CMB research, however, is the study of its anisotropies: the small fluctuations in intensity from point to point across the sky. As we shall discuss below, these anisotropies provide us with a snapshot of the conditions in the universe about 300, 000 years after the big bang, when the universe was a simpler place. -
Einstein's Simple Mathematical Trick –And the Illusion of a Constant
Applied Physics Research; Vol. 5, No. 4; 2013 ISSN 1916-9639 E-ISSN 1916-9647 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Einstein’s Simple Mathematical Trick –and the Illusion of a Constant Speed of Light Conrad Ranzan1 1 DSSU Research, Niagara Falls, Canada Correspondence: Conrad Ranzan, Director, DSSU Research, 5145 Second Avenue, Niagara Falls, ON. L2E 4J8, Canada. Tel: 1-905-357-0788. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received: May 24, 2013 Accepted: June 25, 2013 Online Published: July 15, 2013 doi:10.5539/apr.v5n4p85 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v5n4p85 Abstract It is shown how Einstein achieves the illusion of lightspeed invariance by employing a simple mathematical trick—and magically abolishing the aether. As if part of a "conspiracy" against man's efforts to obtain knowledge of the physical world, Nature has a “trick” of its own in providing the illusion of lightspeed invariance. The illusion works remarkably well, thanks to length contraction and clock slowing both of which are induced by absolute motion with respect to aether. Einstein’s illusion and Nature’s illusion, however, conceal the physical reality that the one-way speed of light, contrary to a strict interpretation of Einstein’s 2nd postulate, is NOT constant. Keywords: Albert Einstein, DSSU aether theory, special relativity, speed of light, 2nd postulate, absolute motion, absolute space, aether, length contraction, clock retardation As Einstein regarded the situation, the [aether] experiments, seemed to indicate a "conspiracy" on the part of nature against man's efforts to obtain knowledge of the physical world. -
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Extragalactic Sources at 148 Ghz in the 2008 Survey
Haverford College Haverford Scholarship Faculty Publications Astronomy 2011 The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Extragalactic Sources at 148 GHz in the 2008 Survey Tobias A. Marriage Jean-Baptise Juin Yen-Ting Lin Bruce Partridge Haverford College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.haverford.edu/astronomy_facpubs Repository Citation The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Extragalactic Sources at 148 GHz in the 2008 Survey Marriage, Tobias A.; Baptiste Juin, Jean; Lin, Yen-Ting; Marsden, Danica; Nolta, Michael R.; Partridge, Bruce; Ade, Peter A. R.; Aguirre, Paula; Amiri, Mandana; Appel, John William; Barrientos, L. Felipe; Battistelli, Elia S.; Bond, John R.; Brown, Ben; Burger, Bryce; Chervenak, Jay; Das, Sudeep; Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon R.; Bertrand Doriese, W.; Dunkley, Joanna; Dünner, Rolando; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Fisher, Ryan P.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hajian, Amir; Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew; Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos; Hilton, Gene C.; Hilton, Matt; Hincks, Adam D.; Hlozek, Renée; Huffenberger, Kevin M.; Handel Hughes, David; Hughes, John P.; Infante, Leopoldo; Irwin, Kent D.; Kaul, Madhuri; Klein, Jeff; Kosowsky, Arthur; Lau, Judy M.; Limon, Michele; Lupton, Robert H.; Martocci, Krista; Mauskopf, Phil; Menanteau, Felipe; Moodley, Kavilan; Moseley, Harvey; Netterfield, Calvin B.; Niemack, Michael .;D Page, Lyman A.; Parker, Lucas; Quintana, Hernan; Reid, Beth; Sehgal, Neelima; Sherwin, Blake D.; Sievers, Jon; Spergel, David N.; Staggs, Suzanne T.; Swetz, Daniel S.; Switzer, Eric R.; Thornton, Robert; Trac, Hy; Tucker, Carole; Warne, Ryan; Wilson, Grant; Wollack, Ed; Zhao, Yue The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 731, Issue 2, article id. 100, 15 pp. (2011). This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Astronomy at Haverford Scholarship. -
A MEASUREMENT of Ω from the NORTH AMERICAN TEST FLIGHT of Boomerang A
Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 04/03/99 A MEASUREMENT OF Ω FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN TEST FLIGHT OF Boomerang A. Melchiorri1;2;9, P.A.R. Ade3, P. de Bernardis1,J.J.Bock4;5, J. Borrill6;7,A. Boscaleri8,B.P.Crill4,G.DeTroia1,P.Farese10,P.G.Ferreira9;11;12,K.Ganga4;13, G. de Gasperis2, M. Giacometti1,V.V.Hristov4,A.H.Jaffe6, A.E. Lange4,S.Masi1, P.D. Mauskopf14,L.Miglio1;15,C.B.Netterfield15,E.Pascale8,F.Piacentini1,G. Romeo16, J.E. Ruhl10 and N. Vittorio2 1 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' La Sapienza, Roma, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy 3 Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, UK 4 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 5 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA 6 Center for Particle Astrophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA 7 National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, LBNL, Berkeley, CA, USA 8 IROE-CNR, Firenze, Italy 9 Dept. de Physique Theorique, Universite de Geneve, Switzerland 10 Dept. of Physics, Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 11 CENTRA, IST, Lisbon, Portugal 12 Theory Division, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 13 Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie, College de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 14 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Massachussets, Amherst, MA, USA 15 Depts. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toronto, Canada 16 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica, Roma, Italy ABSTRACT We use the angular power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background, measured during the North American test flight of the Boomerang experiment, to constrain the geometry of the universe. -
A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-Mode Polarization with Polarbear
Publications of the Korean Astronomical Society pISSN: 1225-1534 30: 625 ∼ 628, 2015 September eISSN: 2287-6936 c 2015. The Korean Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.5303/PKAS.2015.30.2.625 A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND B-MODE POLARIZATION WITH POLARBEAR The Polarbear collaboration: P.A.R. Ade29, Y. Akiba33, A.E. Anthony2,5, K. Arnold14, M. Atlas14, D. Barron14, D. Boettger14, J. Borrill3,32, S. Chapman9, Y. Chinone17,13, M. Dobbs25, T. Elleflot14, J. Errard32,3, G. Fabbian1,18, C. Feng14, D. Flanigan13,10, A. Gilbert25, W. Grainger28, N.W. Halverson2,5,15, M. Hasegawa17,33, K. Hattori17, M. Hazumi17,33,20, W.L. Holzapfel13, Y. Hori17, J. Howard13,16, P. Hyland24, Y. Inoue33, G.C. Jaehnig2,15, A.H. Jaffe11, B. Keating14, Z. Kermish12, R. Keskitalo3, T. Kisner3,32, M. Le Jeune1, A.T. Lee13,27, E.M. Leitch4,19, E. Linder27, M. Lungu13,8, F. Matsuda14, T. Matsumura17, X. Meng13, N.J. Miller22, H. Morii17, S. Moyerman14, M.J. Myers13, M. Navaroli14, H. Nishino20, A. Orlando14, H. Paar14, J. Peloton1, D. Poletti1, E. Quealy13,26, G. Rebeiz6, C.L. Reichardt13, P.L. Richards13,31, C. Ross9, I. Schanning14, D.E. Schenck2,5, B.D. Sherwin13,21, A. Shimizu33, C. Shimmin13,7, M. Shimon30,14, P. Siritanasak14, G. Smecher34, H. Spieler27, N. Stebor14, B. Steinbach13, R. Stompor1, A. Suzuki13, S. Takakura23,17, T. Tomaru17, B. Wilson14, A. Yadav14, O. Zahn27 1AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cit´e,France 2Center for Astrophysics and Space -
Ponderable Aethers, Which Arise in fixed Clock Theories
Prepared for submission to JCAP Ponderable aether Antony J. Speranzaa,b aMaryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 bPerimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. We consider a Lorentz-violating theory of gravity where the aether vector is taken to be nondynamical. This “ponderable aether theory” is almost the same as Einstein- aether theory (where the aether vector is dynamical), but involves additional integration constants arising due to the loss of initial value constraints. One of these produces an effective energy density for the aether fluid, similar to the appearance of dark matter in projectable Hoˇrava gravity and the mimetic dark matter theory. Here we investigate the extent to which this energy density can reproduce the phenomenology of dark matter. Although it is indistinguishable from cold dark matter in homogeneous, isotropic cosmology, it encounters phenomenological problems in both spherically symmetric configurations and cosmological perturbations. Furthermore, inflationary considerations lead us to expect a tiny value for the ponderable aether energy density today unless a sourcing effect is added to the theory. The theory then effectively reduces to dynamical Einstein-aether theory, rendering moot the question of whether an aether must be dynamical in order to be consistent. arXiv:1504.03305v1 [gr-qc] 13 Apr 2015 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Lorentz-violating structures 3 2.1 Dynamics for Lorentz-violation -
Astrophysics and Cosmology
ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY J. GarcÂõa-Bellido Theoretical Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BZ, U.K. Abstract These notes are intended as an introductory course for experimental particle physicists interested in the recent developments in astrophysics and cosmology. I will describe the standard Big Bang theory of the evolution of the universe, with its successes and shortcomings, which will lead to inflationary cosmology as the paradigm for the origin of the global structure of the universe as well as the origin of the spectrum of density perturbations responsible for structure in our local patch. I will present a review of the very rich phenomenology that we have in cosmology today, as well as evidence for the observational revolution that this field is going through, which will provide us, in the next few years, with an accurate determination of the parameters of our standard cosmological model. 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION Cosmology (from the Greek: kosmos, universe, world, order, and logos, word, theory) is probably the most ancient body of knowledge, dating from as far back as the predictions of seasons by early civiliza- tions. Yet, until recently, we could only answer to some of its more basic questions with an order of mag- nitude estimate. This poor state of affairs has dramatically changed in the last few years, thanks to (what else?) raw data, coming from precise measurements of a wide range of cosmological parameters. Further- more, we are entering a precision era in cosmology, and soon most of our observables will be measured with a few percent accuracy. -
Planck Early Results. XX. New Light on Anomalous Microwave Emission from Spinning Dust Grains
A&A 536, A20 (2011) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201116470 & c ESO 2011 Astrophysics Planck early results Special feature Planck early results. XX. New light on anomalous microwave emission from spinning dust grains Planck Collaboration: P. A. R. Ade72, N. Aghanim46,M.Arnaud58, M. Ashdown56,4, J. Aumont46, C. Baccigalupi70,A.Balbi28, A. J. Banday77,7,63,R.B.Barreiro52, J. G. Bartlett3,54,E.Battaner79, K. Benabed47, A. Benoît45,J.-P.Bernard77,7, M. Bersanelli25,41, R. Bhatia5, J. J. Bock54,8, A. Bonaldi37,J.R.Bond6,J.Borrill62,73,F.R.Bouchet47, F. Boulanger46, M. Bucher3,C.Burigana40,P.Cabella28, B. Cappellini41, J.-F. Cardoso59,3,47,S.Casassus76, A. Catalano3,57, L. Cayón18, A. Challinor49,56,10, A. Chamballu43, R.-R. Chary44,X.Chen44,L.-Y.Chiang48, C. Chiang17,P.R.Christensen67,29,D.L.Clements43, S. Colombi47, F. Couchot61, A. Coulais57, B. P. Crill54,68, F. Cuttaia40,L.Danese70, R. D. Davies55,R.J.Davis55,P.deBernardis24,G.deGasperis28,A.deRosa40, G. de Zotti37,70, J. Delabrouille3, J.-M. Delouis47, C. Dickinson55, S. Donzelli41,50,O.Doré54,8,U.Dörl63, M. Douspis46, X. Dupac32, G. Efstathiou49,T.A.Enßlin63,H.K.Eriksen50, F. Finelli40, O. Forni77,7, M. Frailis39, E. Franceschi40,S.Galeotta39, K. Ganga3,44,R.T.Génova-Santos51,30,M.Giard77,7, G. Giardino33, Y. Giraud-Héraud3, J. González-Nuevo70,K.M.Górski54,81,S.Gratton56,49, A. Gregorio26, A. Gruppuso40,F.K.Hansen50,D.Harrison49,56,G.Helou8, S. Henrot-Versillé61, D. Herranz52,S.R.Hildebrandt8,60,51,E.Hivon47, M. -
Basic Concepts for a Fundamental Aether Theory1
BASIC CONCEPTS FOR A FUNDAMENTAL AETHER THEORY1 Joseph Levy 4 square Anatole France, 91250 St Germain-lès-Corbeil, France E-mail: [email protected] 55 Pages, 8 figures, Subj-Class General physics ABSTRACT In the light of recent experimental and theoretical data, we go back to the studies tackled in previous publications [1] and develop some of their consequences. Some of their main aspects will be studied in further detail. Yet this text remains self- sufficient. The questions asked following these studies will be answered. The consistency of these developments in addition to the experimental results, enable to strongly support the existence of a preferred aether frame and of the anisotropy of the one-way speed of light in the Earth frame. The theory demonstrates that the apparent invariance of the speed of light results from the systematic measurement distortions entailed by length contraction, clock retardation and the synchronization procedures with light signals or by slow clock transport. Contrary to what is often believed, these two methods have been demonstrated to be equivalent by several authors [1]. The compatibility of the relativity principle with the existence of a preferred aether frame and with mass-energy conservation is discussed and the relation existing between the aether and inertial mass is investigated. The experimental space-time transformations connect co-ordinates altered by the systematic measurement distortions. Once these distortions are corrected, the hidden variables they conceal are disclosed. The theory sheds light on several points of physics which had not found a satisfactory explanation before. (Further important comments will be made in ref [1d]). -
Arxiv:Astro-Ph/0004385V2 27 Jul 2000
Boomerang returns unexpectedly1 Martin White Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 Douglas Scott and Elena Pierpaoli Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 ABSTRACT Experimental study of the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is gathering momentum. The eagerly awaited Boomerang results have lived up to expectations. They provide convincing evidence in favor of the standard paradigm: the Universe is close to flat and with primordial fluctuations which are redolent of inflation. Further scrutiny reveals something even more exciting however – two hints that there may be some unforeseen physical effects. Firstly the primary acoustic peak appears at slightly larger scales than expected. Although this may be explicable through a combination of mundane effects, we suggest it is also prudent to consider the possibility that the Universe might be marginally closed. The other hint is provided by a second peak which appears less prominent than expected. This may indicate one of a number of possibilities, including increased damping length or tilted initial conditions, but also breaking of coherence or features in the initial power spectrum. Further data should test whether the current concordance model needs only to be tweaked, or to be enhanced in some fundamental way. Subject headings: cosmology: theory – cosmic microwave background 1. Introduction The study of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy holds the promise of answering arXiv:astro-ph/0004385v2 27 Jul 2000 many of our fundamental questions about the Universe and the origin of the large-scale structure (see e.g. Bond 1996; Bennett, Turner & White 1997; Lawrence, Scott & White 1999). -
A Mathematical Appendix
381 A Mathematical Appendix A.1 Selected Formulae “Don’t worry about your difficulties in mathematics; I can assure you that mine are still greater.” Albert Einstein The solution of physics problems often involves mathemat- ics. In most cases nature is not so kind as to allow a precise mathematical treatment. Many times approximations are not only rather convenient but also necessary, because the gen- eral solution of specific problems can be very demanding and sometimes even impossible. In addition to these approximations, which often involve power series, where only the leading terms are relevant, ba- sic knowledge of calculus and statistics is required. In the following the most frequently used mathematical aids shall be briefly presented. 1. Power Series Binomial expansion: binomial expansion (1 ± x)m = m(m − 1) m(m − 1)(m − 2) 1 ± mx + x2 ± x3 +··· 2! 3! m(m − 1) ···(m − n + 1) + (±1)n xn +··· . n! For integer positive m this series is finite. The coefficients are binomial coefficients m(m − 1) ···(m − n + 1) m = . n! n If m is not a positive integer, the series is infinite and con- vergent for |x| < 1. This expansion often provides a simpli- fication of otherwise complicated expressions. 382 A Mathematical Appendix A few examples for most commonly used binomial ex- pansions: examples 1 1 1 5 (1 ± x)1/2 = 1 ± x − x2 ± x3 − x4 ±··· , for binomial expansions 2 8 16 128 − 1 3 5 35 (1 ± x) 1/2 = 1 ∓ x + x2 ∓ x3 + x4 ∓··· , 2 8 16 128 − (1 ± x) 1 = 1 ∓ x + x2 ∓ x3 + x4 ∓··· , (1 ± x)4 = 1 ± 4x + 6x2 ± 4x3 + x4 finite .