Landscape Sensitivity and Capacity Study for Wind Farm Development on the Shetland Islands
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Landscape Sensitivity and Capacity Study for Wind Farm Development on the Shetland Islands A Report to Shetland Islands Council Prepared by Land Use Consultants March 2009 www.landuse.co.uk Landscape Sensitivity and Capacity Study for Wind Farm Development on The Shetland Islands Final Report A report to Shetland Islands Council by Land Use Consultants March 27th 2009 37 Otago Street Glasgow G12 8JJ Tel: 0141 334 9595 Fax: 0141 334 7789 [email protected] CONTENTS 1. Introduction..................................................................................................1 Background and Policy Framework.........................................................................................................1 Study Brief.....................................................................................................................................................1 Structure of the Report.............................................................................................................................2 2. Methodology .................................................................................................3 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................3 A) Assessment Framework.......................................................................................................................5 B) Description and Evaluation of Landscape Character Areas .........................................................9 C) Evaluation and Analysis of Visual Compartments ....................................................................... 12 D) Locational and Design Guidelines................................................................................................... 13 3. Overview of Key Landscape Characteristics of The Shetland Islands . 14 4. Evaluation of Landscape Character Areas and Their Sensitivity ......... 17 5. Evaluation of Visual Compartments ..................................................... 107 Overview.................................................................................................................................................. 107 A. East Unst and North Fetlar ............................................................................................................ 110 B. East Bluemull Sound / West Unst.................................................................................................. 112 C. Mid and North Yell........................................................................................................................... 114 D. Colgrave Sound................................................................................................................................. 116 E. Yell Sound and South Yell................................................................................................................ 118 F. North Roe / Yell Sound.................................................................................................................... 120 G. North Roe and Ronas Voe............................................................................................................. 122 H. Sullom Voe ......................................................................................................................................... 124 I. St Magnus Bay...................................................................................................................................... 126 J. West Kame .......................................................................................................................................... 128 K. Lunnasting, North Nesting, Whalsay and Out Skerries........................................................... 130 L. West Mainland.................................................................................................................................... 132 M. Mid Kame and Whiteness............................................................................................................... 134 N. Central Mainland - East................................................................................................................... 136 O. South Mainland - West ................................................................................................................... 138 P. South Mainland - East and South Bressay..................................................................................... 140 Q. Foula.................................................................................................................................................... 142 R. Fair Isle................................................................................................................................................. 144 6. Landscape Locational and Design Guidelines....................................... 148 i APPENDICES Appendix 1: Figures 1 – 7 • Figure 1: Viewpoints • Figure 2: Landscape Character Types • Figure 3: Sensitivity to Wind Farm Development in Relation to Landscape Character • Figure 4: Landscape Designations • Figure 5: Sensitivity to Wind Farm Development in Relation to Landscape Character and Designations • Figure 6: Visual Compartments • Figure 7: Landscape Character Sensitivity in Relation to Visual Compartments and Designations Appendix 2: Wind Farm Development Characteristics and Typical Effects on the Landscape and Visual Amenity Appendix 3: Scottish Planning Policy 6 and Planning Advice Note 45: Annex 2 Appendix 4: Generic Landscape and Visual Guidance Appendix 5: References and Bibliography ii 1. INTRODUCTION Background and Policy Framework 1.1. This report sets out the findings of a review of landscape sensitivity to wind farm development on the Shetland Islands. The results of this study informed the development of the Shetland Islands Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG) 2009 document which is compliant with Scottish Planning Policy 6 (SPP6) and which was prepared in parallel with this study. The report content forms part of the technical appendices to the SPG. Need for the Study 1.2. The Shetland Islands are particularly renowned for their remote wildness and scenic quality. The islands are valued as a natural, historical and cultural resource, and it is therefore of key importance that wind farms are developed in harmony with the surrounding landscape and the needs of other users of this resource. 1.3. Given the pressures for wind farm development on the Shetland Islands, there is a clear need for a policy framework that draws on transparent, robust and defensible background information that can provide a base for assessing wind farm development applications and providing landscape and visual guidance to developers. 1.4. SPP6, published in March 2007, requires planning authorities to set out a spatial framework for the consideration of wind farm development proposals over 20 megawatts (MW), based on the identification of ‘Broad Areas of Search’ and ‘Areas to be afforded Significant Protection’. Appendix 3 of this document provides further information on SPP6. 1.5. In addition, Annex 2 to PAN45 was published in November 2008. This document provides advice on the process of preparing spatial frameworks for wind farm developments of over 20MW and describes key issues and considerations that are directly relevant to this study. Study Brief 1.6. This study is intended to provide guidance relevant to landscape and visual matters on areas which are considered most appropriate for wind farm development on the Shetland Islands, such that it can be applied to wind farm proposals of various sizes. It therefore identifies indicative landscape capacities for wind farm development, alongside providing landscape related guidance for wind farm developments of differing size and scale. 1.7. A sensitivity study for each landscape character area is accompanied by the provision of guidance on wind farm development, within various visual compartments, as identified from information contained in A Landscape Assessment of the Shetland Isles1. This guidance draws upon that already included in the landscape character assessment, the Shetland Structure Plan and the Shetland Local Plan. 1 Gillespies (1998) A Landscape Assessment of The Shetland Isles. Scottish Natural Heritage Review No 93. 1 1.8. Locational and generic guidance provided in this study does not take away the requirement for detailed consideration of siting and design, and the need to assess landscape and visual effects of individual wind farm development proposals on a case by case basis or, indeed against other technical and environmental constraints or social issues. Previous Studies 1.9. There is currently no agreed method for evaluating sensitivity or capacity of different types of landscape. The approach taken in this study builds on LUC’s experience from previous and ongoing studies and on our method developed for assessing wind farm development in Scotland and elsewhere. It also draws on the current thinking on techniques and criteria for judging landscape sensitivity and capacity as documented in Topic Paper 6 by Scottish Natural Heritage and The Countryside Agency (2002). As part of this study, a number of similar reports were reviewed, and used to inform the methodology used here. These are listed in Appendix 5. Structure of the Report 1.10. The remainder of the report is structured as follows: • Section 2: Methodology applied in the study • Section 3: Overview of key landscape