THE AUSTRALIAN GROCERY SECTOR: structurally irredeemable? Alexandra Merrett and Rhonda L Smith1 By all appearances, the grocery sector in Australia is less than ideally competitive and indeed less competitive than most other advanced economies. It may be that the size of the Australian economy imposes a natural limit on the market structure whereby the available economies of scale and scope mean that there is only room for two large players. The evidence suggests that, while Coles and Woolworths may have substantial market power, they do not take advantage of such market power by systematic monopoly pricing. Rather, any uses of market power are episodic and appear largely related to non-price conduct. Indeed, it seems the biggest impact for Australian consumers of our present market structure is reduced choice and innovation as sources of supply are rationalised. Australians may therefore need to consider the extent to which they prefer increased choice over lower prices and the convenience of one-stop shops. In considering these issues, this paper attempts to assess anecdotal claims – particularly in relation to ‘must have’ brands and private labels – by reference to available data. In doing so, we highlight several potential uses of publicly available information which may go some way to proving or disproving market power problems in the Australian grocery sector. 1 Alexandra Merrett is a competition lawyer and Senior Fellow at the Melbourne Law School, and may be contacted on
[email protected]. Rhonda Smith is an economist and Senior Lecturer at the University of Melbourne. She may be contacted on
[email protected].