Social Life Cycle Assessment of a product State of the art and further development

3rd International Conference Series on LCA 23-25 October Jakarta, Indonesia Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Marzia Traverso Institut of in Civil Engineering (INaB) at RWTH Aachen University [email protected] Agenda 2030 – Goals Life Cycle Assessment used in Automotive sector – ecodesign Life cycle sustainability assessment

• Consider all three dimensions of sustainability Environment – Society – Economy • Life Cycle Thinking for assessing products´ life cycles LCSA* = LCA + LCC + S-LCA

Life Cycle Sustainability Life Cycle Assessment Life Cycle Costing Social Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (LCC) Assessment (LCSA*)  ISO 14040/44  Hunkeler & Swarr (S-LCA)  UNEP/SETAC Guidelines

*(Klöpffer 2008, Finkbeiner 2010, UNEP 2012) Neugebauer/Traverso 4 Why the social dimension should be considered?

A miner collecting shards of iron ore outside of Bellary in southern India. CreditLynsey Addario for The New York Times Why the social impact assessment of a product?

Identification of more sustainable materials and components in the earliest strategic phase of a product development process.

Renewable materials

Reduction Potential potential of increase of

CO2e and Social Risk economic costs

How should we assess the social impact of a product along its life cycle?

Page 6 State of the art

• Guidelines were published in 2009 by UNEP/SETAC LCI and currently under review to make it more practical and user- friendly

• Assessment of social and socio-economic positive and negative impacts along products´ life cycles => a complementary approach of

• Methdological Sheets to complete the guidelines were published in 2013.

[UNEP/SETAC 2009]

7 SLCA, LCC, and LCA Natural resources

Incinerating Extraction of raw and landfilling materials Recovery

Recycling of materials and Disposal Design and components production S-LCA: Social effects Reuse along the whole life cycle of a LCC: Microeconomic costs and benefits product (E-)LCA: Environmental impacts

Use and Packaging and maintenance distribution 8 State of the Art on Social Impact Assessment of a Product Roundtable of Product Social WBCSD Metrics – new version 2018 Special Issue on Social LCA Social life Cycle Assessment

Database of Risk Assessment Consortium of the Project for the revision of S-LCA guidelines

 Sponsored by the Life Cycle Initiative  Social LC Alliance including steering committee: o Harvard/New Earth o CIRAIG o Institute of Sustainability for Civil Engineering (INaB), RWTH Aachen University o o Swedish Technical Institute  Chair of Sustainable Engineering (SEE), Technische Universität Berlin Project Phase I – Revision of the S-LCA Guidelines Revision of the Social LCA Guidelines Workshop Pescara, Italy, September 12-13-14 Project Phase II– Pilots for the Implementation of the revised S-LCA Guidelines

Calendar Overview – Phase II 4 months 14 months 6 months Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Call for Peer Disseminati Steering Selection Preli- Formatting, road- Online Final review on phase Committee of road- minary UN Env review, testers training reports process August & testers reports Publication Sept Jan 2020 Feb 2021 Feb 2021 2021 roadtester´s Dec 2019 Nov 2020 June/July 2021 work 2019

Monthly follow up-meetings Start March 2020

Internal review of reports Start Nov 2020

Road- S-LCA & SOLCA case studies & testing development of a report

Sept 2019 Jan 2020 Nov 2020 Febr2021 August 2021 24 months period How to assess Social Impacts of a product life cycle? ELCA & S-LCA - Similarities

ELCA and S-LCA have a lot in common. Both …

• …are based on the ISO framework (though some specificities exist for each of these phases in S-LCA);

• …work as iterative procedures;

• …provide useful information for decision-making;

• …do not have the purpose to provide information on whether or not a product should be produced;

• …conduct hotspots assessments;

• …have a huge need for data (and conduct data quality assessment);

• …request peer review when communication to the public or comparative assertions are planned;

Environmental LCA and Social LCA are complementary approaches!

15 Principle approach of S-LCA Guidelines – Aim

Aim: Assessment of social impacts of a product as complete as possible, over the whole life cycle

“The ultimate objective for conducting an S-LCA is to promote improvement of social conditions and of the overall socio-economic performance of a product throughout its life cycle for all of its stakeholders”

 Define stakeholders, impact categories, subcategories, inventory indicators for distinct impacts (e.g. human rights, working conditions)

16 nshipsPrinciple– Policy approach relevance of S-LCA Guidelines –

 Distinguish several stakeholders

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Marzia Traverso 17 SupplierPrinciple relationships approach of –S-PolicyLCA Guidelines relevance – Impacts & Indicators  Distinguish relevant impact category / subcategory / indicator chains per stakeholder

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Marzia Traverso 18 SupplierPrinciple relationships approach of – SPolicy-LCA Guidelines relevance – Impacts & Indicators  stakeholder – subcategory relations “Local community” 14. Access to material resources 15. Access to immaterial resources 16. Delocalization and Migration “Workers” 17. Cultural Heritage 1. Freedom of Association and Collective 18. Safe & healthy living conditions Bargaining 19. Respect of indigenous rights 2. 20. Community engagement 3. Fair Salary 21. Local employment 4. Working Hours 22. Secure living conditions 5. Forced Labour 6. Equal opportunities/Discrimination “Society” 7. Health and Safety 23. Public commitments to sustainability issues 8. Social Benefits/Social Security 24. Contribution to economic development 25. Prevention & mitigation of armed conflicts “Consumer” 26. Technology development 9. Health & Safety 27. Corruption 10. Feedback Mechanism 11. Consumer Privacy Value chain actors (not including consumers) 12. 28. Fair competition 13. End of life responsibility 29. Promoting 30. Supplier relationships 31. Respect of intellectual property rights Prof. Dr.-Ing. Marzia Traverso 19 Social Life Cycle Assessment – Further developmet Step 1: State-of-the-art and identification of relevant topics

Address Children's needs! Establishment of children as a key stakeholder group to address their needs and implications with Sustainable Development

Address Small Farmers! Redefine the Area of Protection to suit their livelihood – health, living income, interest groups, land etc.

Ensure fair living wages along the supply chain Remuneration of workers along cotton´s supply chain must fulfil daily needs! S-LCA need of primary data Step 2: Gathering of Primary Data Step 1: State-of-the-art – Questionnaire includes workers and local communities – Inclusion of positive as well as negative indicators Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Step 3: Social Impact Assessment

– Following the Guidelines for SLCA of Products and the Handbook of Product Social Impact Assessment – Description of Social Consequences (positive & negative) by means of social cause-effect chains

Nutrition & housing

Human health Social well-being Insurances & medicine

Fair wage Economic welfare

Education Social justice (Social) equity

Recreation, leisure, cultural activity From S-LCA to LCSA

Step 4: Sustainability Assessment ‒ Consideration of economic chances and challenges for cotton farmers ‒ Monetization of sustainability impacts and integration into one sustainability metric ‒ Development of an integrated sustainability index Step 3: Social Impact Assessment and/or interpretation tool

– Following the Guidelines for SLCA of Products and the Handbook of Product Social Impact Assessment – Description of Social Consequences (positive & negative) by means of social cause-effect chains

Nutrition & housing

Human health Social well-being Insurances & medicine

Fair wage Economic welfare

Education Social justice (Social) equity

Recreation, leisure, cultural activity Communicating Products' Social Impacts - a White Paper of the Consumer Information Programme

• The white paper analyses: • Why it is important to communicate products’ social impacts • State of the art of current methodologies, best practices and initiatives on the methods and tools to measure product life cycle social impacts (Social Life Cycle Assessment) • Ideas and best practices on how to communicate products’ social impacts through consumer information tools • Recommendations for effective communication of products’ social impacts, including the different roles that government, NGOs and companies can play to advance this issue, as well as ideas for collaborative efforts and harmonization of certification schemes, and the need for additional methods, tools and guidance

• Link: http://www.oneplanetnetwork.org/resource/communica ting-products-social-impacts-white-paper-consumer- information-programme SPECIAL ISSUE

http://www.mdpi.com/journal/resources/special_issues/social_LCA Thanks for your kind attention

[email protected]