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News Juice – 23Rd June, 2021 For updates on WhatsApp, share your Name, City & Email ID on WhatsApp No. 88986-30000 1. The rise of Raisi: On Iran’s new President Relevant for GS Prelims & Mains Paper II; International Issues the With the election of Ebrahim Raisi, a hardline cleric, as Iran’s President, thel system,Islamic effectivelyRepublic’s controlledruling clergy by thehave Supreme tightened Leader, their Presidents, grip on all who institutions run the day-of powerto-day affairs,— havemilitary, an Parliament,important rolethe judiciary,to play. Inand the the past, presidency. the country In Iran’s had uniqueseen tensions politica between moderate/reformist Presidents and the Supreme Leader. While the reformists, a powerful constituency, have pushed for gradual reforms by rallying behind leaders like Mohammad Khatami and Hassan Rouhani, the conservatives always pushed back. In this tussle for power, Mr. Raisi has been the popular face of the establishment for years. He had contested the 2017 presidential elections, but lost to Mr. Rouhani, who was seeking a second term. Believed to be close to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, Mr. Raisi was appointed the Chief Justice in 2019, which kept him in the top echelons of power till the presidential elections. There were allegations that the June 18 election was rigged in favour of Mr. Raisi even before the first ballot was cast. The Guardian Council, which vets potential candidates, had rejected almost all major reformists, leaving him the only prominent figure on the ballot. This led to opposition activists calling for an election boycott, which seems to have had an impact on the voting the turnout was 48.8%, an all-time low. Mr. Raisi won 62% of the vote, while blank ballots came second at 14%. — Controversy around new Iranian President thousandsMr. Raisi isof apolitical controversial prisoners. figure. At home,The U.S. he hashas presidedaccused overhim aof harsh serving campaign in the against“death commission” of 1989 that implemented Ayatollah Khomeini’s secret decree to execute at a time when Iran is facing daunting challenges. The revolution seems to be ageing the country“corruption”, has seen which protests critics sayin recent had targeted years; politicalthe push rivals. to reform And hethe assumes system thefrom presidency within, a long-time promise of the reformists, has not made much progress and the economy —is in a shambles. When Mr. Rouhani won the presidency in 2013, he promised a new beginning. But his attempts to open a new chapter with the West through diplomacy were set back by Donald Trump, and his policies at home were resisted by the conservatives. Mr. Raisi, who has supported reviving the nuclear deal, might also bank on sanctions being removed to reboot the economy. And there is growing discontent in society and desperate calls for Mr. Raisi, as President, should understand that repression will not problems.reforms and A memberliberties. of For the now, clerical Iran’s establishment, tactical response he should to these use hischallenges clout and is therepression. election victory to push for gradual economic and political reforms. solve any of Iran’s Source: The Hindu Website: www.prepmate.in Telegram Channel: @upscprepmate Prepmate Cengage Books Preview:https://prepmate.in/books/ Youtube channel: PrepMateEdutech For updates on WhatsApp, share your Name, City & Email ID on WhatsApp No. 88986-30000 2. On ex-gratia compensation to families of COVID-19 victims Relevant for GS Prelims & Mains Paper II; Polity & Governance Compensation to Covid victims compensation to families of those who died of COVID-19 shows poor appreciation of the faThellout Centre’s of an unprecedentedstated position disaster.before the After Supreme initially Court asserting on paying that sucha standard payments ex gratiawere Management Act for compensation, and externalising the pandemic as a global, ongoing event,beyond the the Home Government’s Ministry hasfiscal now affordability, averred that although the issue there was is thea provision manner inin whichthe Disaster funds were to be put to use. Clearly, lack of resources would be a legless argument when the Centre is pursuing expensive redevelopment projects such as the Central Vista. Government’s view point What the Government says it wants to do is to deploy funds in health care, enhance social protection and support economic recovery of affected communities, rather than give one- time compensation payments (₹4 lakh) or notified ex gratia sought by the petitioners. There is nothing wrong in keeping the focus on provision of essential supplies and additional health infrastructure. In fact, the second wave peak was made considerably worse by poor health infrastructure and low public health expenditure, and a policy failure recorded by the Economic Survey which called for higher public spending of 2.5%-3% of GDP on health. But lending a helping hand to families now impoverished should also be a priority. The Centre, after tying itself in knots on free vaccines, should now spell out its road map for a universal public health system. Source: The Hindu 3. What govt proposes to change in film certification Relevant for GS Prelims & Mains Paper II; Polity & Governance Last week, the Centre released the draft Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill 2021 to the general public for comments until July 2. The new draft proposes to amend the - films already cleared by the Central Board of Film CertificationCinematograph (CBFC). Act of 1952 with provisions that will give the Centre “revisionary powers” and enable it to “re examine” A look at what the draft proposes to change: Revision of certification Website: www.prepmate.in Telegram Channel: @upscprepmate Prepmate Cengage Books Preview:https://prepmate.in/books/ Youtube channel: PrepMateEdutech For updates on WhatsApp, share your Name, City & Email ID on WhatsApp No. 88986-30000 The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting proposes to add a provision to the Act that will equip the Centre with revisionary powers on account of violation of Section 5B(1) (principles for guidance in certifying films). The current Act, in Section 6, already equips e the Centre to call for records of proceedings in relation of a film’s certification. The Ministry xplained that the proposed revision “means that the Central Government, if the situation Currently,so warranted, because has the of powera judgment to reverse by the the Karnataka decision of High the Board”.Court, which was upheld by the Supreme Court in November 2020, the Centre cannot use its revisionary powers on films that have already been granted a certificate by the CBFC. The new draft makes space for the government’s intervention.-section (1) of section 6 to the effect that on receipt of any references by the Central Government in respect of a film certified“… It is also for proposed public exhibition, in the Draft on Bill account to add ofa provisoviolation to subof Section 5B(1) of the Act, the Central Government may, if it considers it necessary so to do, direct the Chairman of the Board to re- Why it is significantexamine the film,” the Ministry said. The draft comes shortly after the abolition of the Film Certificate Appellate Tribunal, which was the last point of appeal for filmmakers against the certificate granted to their film. The draft has been criticised by filmmakers such as Adoor Gopalakrishnan, who has termed it a Age-based“super censor”. certification The draft proposes to introduce age-based categorisation and classification. Currently, films are certified into three categories proposes to divide the categories into further— ‘U’ age-basedfor unrestricted groups: public U/A 7+,exhibition; U/A 13+ ‘U/A’ and U/Athat 16+.requires This parental proposed guidance age classification for children for under films 12; echoes and ‘A’the for new adult IT films.rules Thefor streamingnew draft platforms. Provision against piracy The Ministry noted that that at present, there are no enabling provisions to check film piracy in the Cinematograph Act, 1952. The draft proposes to add Section 6AA that will for the time being in force, no person shall, without the written authorisation of the author, beprohibit permitted unauthorised to use any recording. audio-visual The proposedrecording sectiondevice instates, a place “notwithstanding to knowingly makeany law or transmit or attempt to make or transmit or abet the making or transmission of a copy of a film or a part thereof”. three months but which may extend to three years and with a fine which shall not be less Violation shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term “which shall not be less than Website: www.prepmate.in Telegram Channel: @upscprepmate Prepmate Cengage Books Preview:https://prepmate.in/books/ Youtube channel: PrepMateEdutech For updates on WhatsApp, share your Name, City & Email ID on WhatsApp No. 88986-30000 than Rs 3 lakh but which may extend to 5 per cent of the audited gross production cost or Eternalwith both”. certificate The draft proposes to certify films for perpetuity. Currently a certificate issued by the CBFC is valid only for 10 years. Source: The Indian Express 4. Delimitation in Jammu and Kashmir: how, why Relevant for GS Prelims & Mains Paper II; Polity & Governance a meeting with the Prime Minister in the national capital this week has led to speculation aboutThe Union possible government’s scheduling invitation of the Assembly to 14 key elections. political On leaders Independence from Jammu Day and last Kashmiryear, Prime for Minister Narendra Modi had said elections would be held in J&K after the delimitation process in the Union Territory was over. Delimitation is crucial for kick-starting the political process in J&K. What is delimitation and why is it needed? Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of an Assembly or Lok Sabha seat to represent changes in population over time. This exercise is carried out by a Delimitation Commission, whose orders have the force of law and cannot be questioned before any court.
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