A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation

A MARITIME FORCE FOR A MARITIME NATION A MARITIME FORCE FOR A MARITIME THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE NAVY’S GOLDEN JUBILEE THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE NAVY’S POINTER Monograph No. 12 No. Monograph POINTER

POINTER MONOGRAPH NO. 12 RSN50 DĂƌŝƟŵĞ&ŽƌĐĞ&ŽƌDĂƌŝƟŵĞEĂƟŽŶ POINTER MONOGRAPH NO. 12 REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE NAVY 50th Anniversary 1967 ~ 2017

A WƵďůŝĐĂƟ ŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ AƌŵĞĚ &ŽƌĐĞƐ EDITORIAL BOARD

Advisor BG Chua Boon Keat Chairman COL Simon Lee Wee Chek Deputy Chairman COL(NS) Irvin Lim Members COL(NS) Tan Swee Bock COL(NS) Benedict Ang Kheng Leong COL Victor Huang COL Kevin Goh COL Goh Tiong Cheng ME6 Jason Lim MAJ(NS) Charles Phua Chao Rong MS Melissa Ong MR Josiah Liang MR Kuldip Singh MR Daryl Lee Chin Siong MS Sonya Chan CWO Ng Siak Ping MR Eddie Lim EDITORIAL TEAM Editor MS Helen Cheng Assistant Editor MR Bille Tan Research Specialists REC David Omar Ting REC Koo Yi Xian Published by

POINTER: Journal of the Singapore Armed Forces ^&d/DŝůŝƚĂƌǇ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ 500 Upper Jurong Road Singapore 638364 ǁǁǁ͘ŵŝŶĚĞĨ͘ŐŽǀ͘ƐŐͬƐĂŌŝͬƉŽŝŶƚĞƌ

First published in 2017 Copyright © 2017 by the Government of the Republic of Singapore. ISBN 978-981-11-3301-5 ůůƌŝŐŚƚƐƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ͘EŽƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶŵĂǇďĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͕ƐƚŽƌĞĚŝŶĂƌĞƚƌŝĞǀĂůƐǇƐƚĞŵ͕Žƌ ƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƩĞĚŝŶĂŶǇĨŽƌŵŽƌďǇĂŶǇŵĞĂŶƐ͕ĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐ͕ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂů͕ƉŚŽƚŽĐŽƉǇŝŶŐ͕ƌĞĐŽƌĚŝŶŐŽƌŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌǁƌŝƩĞŶƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌǇŽĨĞĨĞŶĐĞ͘ Disclaimer: dŚĞŽƉŝŶŝŽŶƐĂŶĚǀŝĞǁƐĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬĂƌĞƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐ͛ĂŶĚĚŽŶŽƚŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůǇƌĞŇĞĐƚƚŚĞŽĸĐŝĂů views of the Ministry of Defence. CONTENTS

iv Foreword by Chief of Navy

WĂƌƚ/͗dŚĞZ^E͕^ĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚŝŶŐKƵƌDĂƌŝƟŵĞEĂƟŽŶ

ϭ ^iŶŐaƉore͗ DariƟŵe NaƟoŶ

ϲ dhe Z^N͗ DariƟŵe ForĐe for a DariƟŵe NaƟoŶ

ϭϲ dhe ^iŶŐaƉore Navy Krder of aƩůe

ϭϴ WeaĐe aƚ ^ea by Professor Tommy Koh

Ϯϯ dhe voůviŶŐ ŶviroŶŵeŶƚ aŶd /ŵƉůiĐaƟoŶƐ for ƚhe Z^N by Ambassador Barry Desker

Ϯϲ efeŶdiŶŐ KƵr veryday Ͳ âfeŐƵardiŶŐ îŶŐaƉore͛Ɛ DariƟŵe êĐƵriƚy

ϯϴ WƵŶĐhiŶŐ bove KƵr teiŐhƚ oŶ ƚhe 'ůobaů ^ƚaŐe

ϱϬ dhe Z^N͛Ɛ eƉůoyŵeŶƚƐ over ϱϬ zearƐ

ϱϮ ^harƉer aŶd ^ŵarƚer

WĂƌƚ//͗^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚŽĨƚŚĞZ^E

ϲϬ CoŶverƐaƟoŶƐ wiƚh ƚhe ChiefƐ

ϲϲ ĐƟoŶ oŶ ƚhe FroŶƚůiŶe

ϲϴ dhe WaƚhƐ of ƚhe WioŶeerƐ

ϳϬ ŐaiŶƐƚ ůů KddƐ ƚo ZeaĐh New FroŶƟerƐ

ϳϮ raveůy ^ƚaŶdiŶŐ oƵr 'roƵŶd

ϳϰ KƉeraƟoŶ FůyiŶŐ aŐůe daŬeƐ tiŶŐ

ϳϳ KƉeraƟoŶƐ Far way froŵ ,oŵe

ϳϵ dhe /ŵƉorƚaŶĐe of eiŶŐ WreƉared

ϴϭ zoƵ͛ůů Never taůŬ ůoŶe

ϴϯ ZeŵeŵberiŶŐ Courageous

ϴϱ KŶĐe Navy͕ ůwayƐ Navy

ϴϴ dhe Navy ^oŶŐ͗ KŶwardƐ aŶd hƉwardƐ iv Foreword

FOREWORD CHIEF OF NAVY

OUR MARITIME NATION

ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ŝƐ Ă ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŶĂƟŽŶ͘ >ŽĐĂƚĞĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐĂůůǇ ĂƐƚƌŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͛Ɛ ŬĞǇ ƐĞĂ ůŝŶĞƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ĨŽƌƚƵŶĞƐ SŚĂǀĞ ĂůǁĂǇƐ ďĞĞŶ ŚĞĂǀŝůǇ ĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ ŽŶ ƚƌĂĚĞ͘ dŚĂƚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞŝƐŝŵŵƵƚĂďůĞʹĨƌŽŵƚƌĂĚĞǁŝƚŚ/ŶĚŝĂĂŶĚŚŝŶĂĂƐĞĂƌůǇĂƐƚŚĞ 6ƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌǇ͕ƚŽƚŚĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶŐŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞďǇ^ŝƌ^ƚĂŵĨŽƌĚZĂŋĞƐ͕ ƚŽŽƵƌƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵdŚŝƌĚtŽƌůĚƚŽ&ŝƌƐƚƐŝŶĐĞŽƵƌŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ ŝŶϭϵϲϱ͘

dŽĚĂǇ͕ŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϵϬйŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐƚƌĂĚĞŝƐĐĂƌƌŝĞĚďǇƐĞĂĂŶĚŵƵĐŚŽĨŝƚ ƚƌĂǀĞƌƐĞƐƚŚĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚŽĨ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘ůŽƐĞƚŽŽŶĞƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŚŝƉƐƉĂƐƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĞǀĞƌǇ ĚĂǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƚƌĂĚĞ ŇŽǁƐ ƉŽǁĞƌ ŽƵƌ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͘DŽƌĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůůǇ͕ƚŚĞǇĚĞůŝǀĞƌŽƵƌĚĂŝůǇŶĞĐĞƐƐŝƟĞƐŶĞĞĚĞĚĨŽƌ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů͘WƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ>ĞĞ,ƐŝĞŶ>ŽŽŶŐĂƉƚůǇĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚŽƵƌĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐǇ ĂƚƚŚĞϮϬϭϲEĂƟŽŶĂůĂǇZĂůůǇǁŚĞŶŚĞƐĂŝĚ͕͞tĞŚĂǀĞƚǁŽǀŝƚĂůƐĞĂůŝŶĞƐŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ƚǁŽĂƌƚĞƌŝĞƐ͘KŶĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ^ŽƵƚŚŚŝŶĂ^ĞĂ͕ƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ͕ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚŽĨDĂůĂĐĐĂ͘ŽƚŚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĂƌƚĞƌŝĞƐ͘zŽƵďůŽĐŬŽŶĞ͕ ǇŽƵĚŝĞ͘͟

ƐĂŶŝƐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĂŝƐƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞŽƵƌůŝĨĞůŝŶĞ͘/ƚŝƐĂůƐŽŽƵƌfrontline͘ tŚŝůĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚǇĐŽŵĞďǇǁĂǇŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĂƐĂƌĞĂůƐŽĂƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘KƵƌŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞďŽƌĚĞƌƐĂƌĞƉŽƌŽƵƐĂŶĚƐƵƐĐĞƉƟďůĞƚŽǀĂƌŝŽƵƐƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘dŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚǇŝƐĂůƐŽĂŵĂƌŝƟŵĞŽŶĞ͘/ŶƚŽĚĂǇ͛ƐŐĞŽƉŽůŝƟĐĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĞǁĂǇŐůŽďĂůĂŶĚƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƉŽǁĞƌƐ ŐĂŝŶĂĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚƉƌŽũĞĐƚƚŚĞŝƌŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞŚĞƌĞŝƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŶĂǀĂůƉŽǁĞƌ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĞĂ͘

ƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚůŝŶĞŽĨ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐĚĞĨĞŶĐĞ͕ŝƚŝƐƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͛ƐƟŵĞůĞƐƐraison d’etreƚŽƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚŽƵƌǁĂƚĞƌƐĂŶĚ ŽƵƌƐĞĂůŝŶĞƐŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘ƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͕ǁĞĂůƐŽƐĞĐƵƌĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƐƉĂĐĞŽŶƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐƚĂŐĞ͕ ĚĞƐƉŝƚĞďĞŝŶŐĂůŝƩůĞƌĞĚĚŽƚ͘

OUR MARITIME FORCE

&ŽƌϱϬǇĞĂƌƐ͕ŽƵƌEĂǀǇŚĂƐďĞĞŶƵŶǁĂǀĞƌŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĂƚĚĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶƚŽŽƵƌŵĂƌŝƟŵĞŶĂƟŽŶ͘^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞŶĂǀĂůĞŶƐŝŐŶ ǁĂƐĮƌƐƚƌĂŝƐĞĚĂƚdĞůŽŬǇĞƌĂƐŝŶŽŶƚŚĞϱƚŚŽĨDĂǇϭϵϲϳ͕ƚŚĞZ^EŚĂƐĐŽŵĞĂůŽŶŐǁĂǇ͘ŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇ ǇĞĂƌƐǁĞƌĞďƌƵƚĂů͘^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞǁĂƐĂŇĞĚŐŝŶŐŶĂƟŽŶ͘ZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐǁĞƌĞƐĐĂƌĐĞ͘tĞŽŶůǇŚĂĚƚǁŽǁŽŽĚĞŶďŽĂƚƐ ĂŶĚůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϰϬϬǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ͘dŽĚĂǇ͕ǁĞĂƌĞĂŵŽĚĞƌŶĂŶĚĐĂƉĂďůĞĨŽƌĐĞ͕ǁŝƚŚƐƚƌŽŶŐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ďǇƚŚĞďĞƐƚ͘tĞǁŝĞůĚĂŶŽƵƚƐŝǌĞĚŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƉƵŶĐŚĂďŽǀĞŽƵƌǁĞŝŐŚƚ͘ dŚĞ 'ŽůĚĞŶ :ƵďŝůĞĞ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ĞŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƚĞ ǁŚĂƚ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĐŽŵĞ͕ Ă EĂǀǇ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ ĮĞƌĐĞůǇ ƉƌŽƵĚ ŽĨ͘ dŚĞ ĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ĮƌƐƚͲŽĨͲĐůĂƐƐ ůŽĐĂůůǇ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĂŶĚ ďƵŝůƚ >ŝƩŽƌĂů DŝƐƐŝŽŶ sĞƐƐĞů Z^^ Independence A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation v

ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐŽƵƌĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ͕ŽƵƌĚĂƌĞƚŽďĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚŽƵƌƚĞŵĞƌŝƚǇƚŽďĞƉĞĞƌůĞƐƐ͘dŚĞĮƌƐƚͲĞǀĞƌ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů DĂƌŝƟŵĞZĞǀŝĞǁĂƚŚĂŶŐŝEĂǀĂůĂƐĞƐĂǁĨƌŝĞŶĚƐĂŶĚƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐĨƌŽŵĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƐĞŶĚŝŶŐĂůŵŽƐƚϯϬ ǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐʹĂƚĞƐƚĂŵĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐǁĞŚĂǀĞǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌŶĂǀŝĞƐ͘ tĞŽǁĞŝƚƚŽƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌƐĂŶĚƉĂƐƚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƐƚĂǇŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞĂŶĚďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐƚŚĞEĂǀǇĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͘tĞ ƐƚĂŶĚŽŶƚŚĞŝƌƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐ͘dŽďĞƉƌŽƵĚŽĨǁŚĂƚǁĞŚĂǀĞĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚ͕ǁĞŵƵƐƚĮƌƐƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͘dŚĞ ĮƌƐƚƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐŵŽŶŽŐƌĂƉŚǁĂƐƉƵƚƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͘

DRAWING STRENGTH FOR THE FUTURE dŚĞ ƉĂƐƚ ϱϬ ǇĞĂƌƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŚŽǁŶ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĂƚ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͕ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝƐ ŶĞŝƚŚĞƌ ƉƌĞͲŽƌĚĂŝŶĞĚŶŽƌŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞĚ͘,ŽǁĚŽǁĞƉƌŽƉĞůƚŚĞEĂǀǇĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŶĞǆƚϱϬǇĞĂƌƐ͍ tĞǁŝůůŵĞĞƚŵĂŶǇĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐĂŶĚƐĞĞŬŶĞǁŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐŐŽŝŶŐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͘/ƚŝƐĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůůǇǁŚŽǁĞĂƌĞ͕ ƚŚĂƚĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ͖ƚŚĂƚƐƉŝƌŝƚ͖ĂƐŚĂƌĞĚƐĞƚŽĨďĞůŝĞĨƐ͖ĂĐŽŵŵŽŶƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƉƵƌƉŽƐĞʹŽƵƌEthos – that determines whether we fail or succeed͘dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐŵŽŶŽŐƌĂƉŚĂŝŵƐƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂŐůŝŵƉƐĞ͕ĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨǁŚŽǁĞ ĂƌĞ͘ tŚĞŶǁĞĂƌĞĐůĞĂƌŽĨǁŚŽǁĞĂƌĞ͕ǁĞƚŚĞŶŶĞĞĚƚŽĂƐŬ͕ŚŽǁĐĂŶǁĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽƐƵĐĐĞĞĚ͍dŚŝƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐŐƌĞĂƚ ĐůĂƌŝƚǇʹĐůĂƌŝƚǇƚŽĚŝƐƟůǁŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƐƵƐƐƵĐĐĞĞĚ͕ĂŶĚĐůĂƌŝƚǇƚŽĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĞůĞŐĂŶƚĂŶĚĞĸĐŝĞŶƚƐǇƐƚĞŵƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞ ĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͘DŽƌĞǁŝůůďĞĚĞŵĂŶĚĞĚŽĨƵƐ͘ƐƚƌŽŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵĐĂƌƌŝĞƐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĨŽƌƵƐ͕ƌƵŶƐŽŶŝƚƐŽǁŶƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĨƌĞĞƐŽƵƌĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇƚŽƉƵƌƐƵĞƚŚĞŶĞǆƚůĞĂƉĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͘

WƌĞƉĂƌŝŶŐĨŽƌƚŚĂƚŶĞǆƚůĞĂƉŝƐĐƌŝƟĐĂů͘EŽƐŵĂůůĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŽƌŶĂǀǇŚĂƐĂŶǇŝŶŚĞƌĞŶƚƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞŝŶƚŚŝƐǁŽƌůĚ͕ůĞƚ ĂůŽŶĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘dŽďĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ͕ǁĞŚĂǀĞƚŽďĞƚƌĂŝůďůĂǌĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚŚĂǀĞƚŚĂƚŵĞŶƚĂůŐƵŵƉƟŽŶƚŽbe EǆcepƟonal͘ ǆĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůŝƐnot justĂďŽƵƚďĞŝŶŐŐŽŽĚ͘ĞŝŶŐĞǆĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůŝƐĂďŽƵƚďƌĞĂŬŝŶŐŶĞǁďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ͕ĚŽŝŶŐĂŶĚ ĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐǁŚĂƚŽƚŚĞƌƐĐĂŶŶŽƚ͘

Being EǆcepƟonalĐƵƚƐƚŽƚŚĞŚĞĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞŬŝŶĚŽĨEĂǀǇǁĞĂŝŵƚŽďƵŝůĚ͘EĂǀǇǁŚĞƌĞŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞĐŽŵĞƚŽǁŽƌŬ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇǁŝƚŚĂƉĂůƉĂďůĞďƵǌǌ͕ĞǆĐŝƚĞĚĂďŽƵƚďĞŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞĐƵƫŶŐĞĚŐĞ͘

EĂǀǇƚŚĂƚ͕ǁŚĞŶǁĞƐĂŝůŝŶƚŽĂĨŽƌĞŝŐŶƉŽƌƚ͕ŽƵƌĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƉĂƌƚƐĂŶĚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĂĚǀĞƌƐĂƌŝĞƐǁŝůůǁŚŝƐƉĞƌŝŶƋƵŝĞƚ ĂǁĞʹ͞ŚŚ͕ǇŽƵĂƌĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀǇ͘͟

ƐǁĞƉŽŝƐĞƚŽƚĂŬĞƚŚĂƚƐƚĞƉŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŶĞǆƚϱϬǇĞĂƌƐ͕ǁĞǁŝůůďĞũƵĚŐĞĚďǇƚŚĞůĞŐĂĐǇǁĞůĞĂǀĞďĞŚŝŶĚ͘/ƚǁŝůů ďĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚŶŽƚďǇƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƐŝǌĞ͕ďƵƚďǇƚŚĞƐĐĂůĞĂŶĚĂƵĚĂĐŝƚǇŽĨŽƵƌĂŵďŝƟŽŶ͘tĞĂƌĞƚŚĞpioneers of ŽƵƌŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘

KŶǁĂƌĚƐĂŶĚhƉǁĂƌĚƐ͊

RADM Lew Chuen Hong Chief of Navy

A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation 1 Part I: The RSN, Safeguarding Our Maritime Nation

Singapore: A Maritime Nation

Every day, close to a thousand ships pass through the Singapore Strait, one of the busiest waterways in the world, bringing Singaporeans’ daily necessiƟes and the raw materials our industries reƋuire͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ŝƐ Ă ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŶĂƟŽŶ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ The seas are Singapore’s ŝŶĂŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘/ƚƐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ĂƐƚƌŝĚĞƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐŬĞǇƐĞĂůĂŶĞƐŚĂƐĞŶĂďůĞĚ lifelines. Without them, ŝƚƚŽƉƌŽƐƉĞƌĂƐĂŶĞŶƚƌĞƉƀƚĂŶĚĂŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ Singapore would not ŚƵďŽĨǁŽƌůĚͲĐůĂƐƐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƐĂƌĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐůŝĨĞůŝŶĞƐ͘tŝƚŚŽƵƚƚŚĞŵ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ survive, let alone thrive. ǁŽƵůĚŶŽƚƐƵƌǀŝǀĞ͕ůĞƚĂůŽŶĞƚŚƌŝǀĞ͘

ǁŚĞŶŝƚǁĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŐƌĞĂƚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ dŽĚĂǇ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŝƐƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐďƵƐŝĞƐƚ ŬŝŶŐĚŽŵ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞͲZŝĂƵͲ^ƵŵĂƚƌĂ ƚƌĂŶƐƐŚŝƉŵĞŶƚ ƉŽƌƚ͕ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŽǀĞƌ ϲϬϬ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘/ŶƚŚĞϭϰ ƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌǇ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŇŽƵƌŝƐŚĞĚ ƉŽƌƚƐŝŶŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϭϮϬĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ĂŶĚƌŽƐĞƚŽƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶĐĞĂƐĂƚƌĂĚŝŶŐƉŽƐƚ͘/ƚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐĨŽƌŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶ ƐĞƌǀĞĚĂƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚŚĂƚĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐĞĚ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ũŽďƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐ ĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇ ƚŚĞZŝĂƵƌĐŚŝƉĞůĂŐŽĂŶĚĞǆƚĞŶĚĞĚĂƐĨĂƌĂƐ ϳй;Žƌ^ΨϮϴďŝůůŝŽŶͿƚŽ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ'ƌŽƐƐ ŚŝŶĂ͕ /ŶĚŝĂ ĂŶĚ ƌĂďŝĂ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞŶ ŽŵĞƐƟĐWƌŽĚƵĐƚ͘ ŬŶŽǁŶĂƐdĞŵĂƐĞŬ͘

^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ƌŝĐŚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ůŝŶĞĂŐĞ ĚĂƚĞƐ dĞŵĂƐĞŬ ǁĂƐ ƐĞĞŶ ĂƐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞ^ƌŝǀŝũĂǇĂŶƉĞƌŝŽĚ;͘͘ϲϴϬʹϭϬϮϱͿ ŚŝŶĞƐĞ͕ĂƐŝƚǁĂƐƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚĂƚĂƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ 2 Singapore: A Maritime Nation

ũƵŶĐƟŽŶ ůŝŶŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚ ŚŝŶĂ ^ĞĂ ĂŶĚ “Our port is not merely ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ KĐĞĂŶ͘ ŚŝŶĞƐĞ ƐĞƩůĞƌƐ ĐĂŵĞ ƚŽ a regional port but a dĞŵĂƐĞŬ ƚŽ ƚƌĂĚĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĐŚĂĞŽůŽŐŝƐƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ global port. Our port ĨŽƵŶĚ ŚŝŶĞƐĞ ĐĞƌĂŵŝĐƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞ zƵĂŶ makes the world our ǇŶĂƐƚǇ;͘͘ϭϯϬϬʹϭϯϲϳͿŶĞĂƌƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ hinterland … The sea gives ZŝǀĞƌ͕ĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚŚŝŶĞƐĞĐŽŝŶƐ͕ŐůĂƐƐďĞĂĚƐ͕ us ready access to other ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŽďũĞĐƚƐ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ DĞůĂŬĂ ƌĂ ;͘͘ ŐůŽďĂůĐŝƟĞƐ͘͟ ϭϰϬϬʹϭϱϭϭͿ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƚŽĨĞĂƚƵƌĞ ĂƐĂĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐŶŽĚĞĨŽƌƉĞŽƉůĞĂŶĚĐĂƌŐŽ - Mr S. Rajaratnam, ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞĂƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞtĞƐƚ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐĮƌƐƚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĨŽƌ &ŽƌĞŝŐŶīĂŝƌƐ /ŶƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇϭϴϬϬƐ͕ƚŚĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌ

ŵŽĚĞƌŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞǁĞƌĞůĂŝĚ͘dŽƐƵƉƉůĂŶƚƵƚĐŚ ƌĂŝĚŝŶŐ ďǇ ǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ KĐĞĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞŝŶƚŚĞĂƌĞĂ͕ƚŚĞƌŝƟƐŚĂƐƚ/ŶĚŝĂ DĂůĂĐĐĂ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͘ŌĞƌƚŚĞǁĂƌ͕ƚŚĞŇŽǁŽĨƚƌĂĚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶǇǁĞŶƚŝŶƐĞĂƌĐŚŽĨĂƐƵŝƚĂďůĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ƌĞƐƵŵĞĚĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŇŽƵƌŝƐŚĞĚŽŶĐĞĂŐĂŝŶ ƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂƚƌĂĚŝŶŐƉŽƐƚƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ĂƐĂƚƌĂĚŝŶŐƉŽƌƚ͘dŚĞĚĂƌŬĚĂǇƐĨŽƌ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ĂŶĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞŝƚƐƚƌĂĚĞǁŝƚŚŚŝŶĂ͕ĂŶĚďƌĞĂŬƚŚĞ ĐĂŵĞǁŚĞŶŝƚĨĞůůƚŽƚŚĞ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞĚƵƌŝŶŐtŽƌůĚ ƵƚĐŚƚƌĂĚĞŵŽŶŽƉŽůǇ͘^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͕ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐĂůůǇ tĂƌ//;tt//Ϳ͘ŌĞƌƚŚĞǁĂƌ͕ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƉŽƐƚͲ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĚŽǁĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ĚĞĞƉ ĂŶĚ ǁĞůůͲ ǁĂƌ ƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ƚŽŽŬ ƉůĂĐĞ ƚŽ ƌĞďƵŝůĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚĞůƚĞƌĞĚŚĂƌďŽƵƌ͕ǁĂƐĚĞĞŵĞĚƐƵŝƚĂďůĞ͘dŚƵƐ͕ ƉŽƌƚ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ƌĞͲĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶ&ĞďƌƵĂƌǇϭϴϭϵ͕^ŝƌdŚŽŵĂƐ^ƚĂŵĨŽƌĚZĂŋĞƐ ƉŽƌƚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͘KŶĐĞƌĞďƵŝůƚ͕ƚŚĞƉŽƌƚŽĨ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚĂƚƌĂĚŝŶŐƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŬĞǇ ƉŽŝŶƚ ŽĨ ĞŶƚƌǇ ĂŶĚ tŝƚŚŝŶĂĨĞǁƐŚŽƌƚǇĞĂƌƐ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƚŚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ŽƵƚůĞƚĨŽƌDĂůĂǇĂ͕ĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƉŽƌƚƋƵŝĐŬůǇ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƚƌĂĚĞ ŽƵƚƐƚƌŝƉƉĞĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ ƌĞŐĂŝŶĞĚŝƚƐĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ͘ ĐŽůŽŶŝĞƐŝŶ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚƐŝĂ͘dŚĞŽƉĞŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞ tŚĞŶ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ ǁĂƐ ƚŚƌƵƐƚ ƵƉŽŶ ^ƵĞǌĂŶĂůŝŶϭϴϲϵůĞĚƚŽĂĨƵƌƚŚĞƌŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŝŶϭϵϲϱ͕ƚŚĞŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐǀŽůƵŵĞƉĂƐƐŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞDĂůĂĐĐĂ ƚŚĂƚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽĂĚŽƉƚĂŶŽƵƚǁĂƌĚͲ ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽƌŝĞŶƚĂƚĞĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ĂƐĂƚƌĂĚŝŶŐƉŽƌƚ͘^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚƌĂĚĞ ƚŽƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐĂŶĚƉƌŽƐƉĞƌ͘^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐĮƌƐƚ ŐƌĞǁŽǀĞƌƚŚĞŶĞǆƚĨĞǁĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĨŽƌ&ŽƌĞŝŐŶīĂŝƌƐ͕Dƌ^͘ZĂũĂƌĂƚŶĂŵ͕ /ŶtŽƌůĚtĂƌ/;tt/Ϳ͕ǁŚŝůĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞǁĂƐ ĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞĚƚŚĞĐŝƚǇͲƐƚĂƚĞ͛ƐĂƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶǁŚĞŶŚĞ ŶŽƚ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůůǇ ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚ͕ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƚƌĂĚĞ ŝŶ ƐĂŝĚ͕͞KƵƌƉŽƌƚŝƐŶŽƚŵĞƌĞůǇĂƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƚŽŽŬĂŚŝƚĂƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ďƵƚĂŐůŽďĂůƉŽƌƚ͘KƵƌƉŽƌƚŵĂŬĞƐƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation 3

ŽƵƌŚŝŶƚĞƌůĂŶĚ͙dŚĞƐĞĂŐŝǀĞƐƵƐƌĞĂĚǇĂĐĐĞƐƐ in ƚŚĞ/ŶĚŝĂŶKĐĞĂŶĂŶĚƚŚĞŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶƉĂƌƚŽĨ ƚŽŽƚŚĞƌŐůŽďĂůĐŝƟĞƐ͘͟ϭ ƚŚĞ DĂůĂĐĐĂ ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͘ dŚŝƐ ůĞĚ ƚŽ ĚŝƐƌƵƉƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƚƌĂĚĞŝŶƚŚĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚƐ^ĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘^ŚŝƉƐĚŝĚŶŽƚ WƌŝŽƌŝƚǇǁĂƐŐŝǀĞŶƚŽƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨ ĨĞĞůƐĂĨĞƚŽƐĂŝůŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĞŐŝŽŶƵŶƟůƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ƉŽƌƚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ Ă ƉŽƐĞĚďǇ^D^EmdenǁĂƐƌĞŵŽǀĞĚ͘ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞƌƚĞƌŵŝŶĂůĂƚdĂŶũŽŶŐWĂŐĂƌƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ

ŝŶϭϵϲϲĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞďĞĐĂŵĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ /Ŷtt//͕^ŝƌtŝŶƐƚŽŶŚƵƌĐŚŝůůŽŶĐĞǁƌŽƚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŝŶƐŝĂ͕ŽƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶ:ĂƉĂŶ͕ƚŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ŽĨƚŚĞĂƩůĞŽĨƚŚĞƚůĂŶƟĐƚŚĂƚ͞ƚŚĞŽŶůǇƚŚŝŶŐ ĂĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞƌƉŽƌƚ͘ǇƚŚĞϭϵϳϬƐ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞǁĂƐ ƚŚĂƚƌĞĂůůǇĨƌŝŐŚƚĞŶĞĚ;ŚŝŵͿĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞǁĂƌǁĂƐ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚƚŽƌŝĚĞƚŚĞǁĂǀĞŽĨĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞƌŝƐĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĞhͲďŽĂƚƉĞƌŝů͘͟Ϯ,ĞĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ ĂŶĚŐůŽďĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ͘^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͚ƚŽŽŬŽī͛ĂƐĂ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƉŽƐĞĚďǇ'ĞƌŵĂŶhͲďŽĂƚƐĐŽƵůĚƐƚĂƌǀĞ ƚƌĂŶƐƐŚŝƉŵĞŶƚŚƵďĂŶĚƚŚŝƐŚĞůƉĞĚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƌŝƚĂŝŶŽĨǀŝƚĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚǁĂƌƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐ͘ ƚŽ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵdŚŝƌĚ tŽƌůĚƚŽ&ŝƌƐƚŝŶĂƐƉĂŶŽĨůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϱϬǇĞĂƌƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŶĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŬĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ƚŽ ƌĂŝƐĞ THE NEED FOR A MARITIME FORCE ĂĐƌĞĚŝďůĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĨŽƌĐĞƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞƐĞĂ ,ŝƐƚŽƌǇ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐ ŽĨ ŚŽǁ ůŝŶĞƐŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ;^>KƐͿ͘dŚĞZÊŝƐ ĚŝƐƌƵƉƚĞĚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽǀŝƚĂůƐĞĂƌŽƵƚĞƐĐĂŶĂīĞĐƚ ƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĨŽƌĐĞĞŶƚƌƵƐƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŶĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ƵƌŝŶŐ tt/͕ ƚŚĞ 'ĞƌŵĂŶ ŽĨĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƐĞĂǁĂƌĚĚĞĨĞŶĐĞĂŶĚ ǁĂƌƐŚŝƉ ^D^ Emden ĂƩĂĐŬĞĚ ůůŝĞĚ ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐ ĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞ^>KƐ͕ĂŶĚĨƌŽŵŝƚƐďŝƌƚŚŝŶϭϵϲϳ͕ ƚŚĞZÊŚĂƐƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇĨƵůĮůůĞĚƚŚŝƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕ History provides ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬŝŶŐĂůůĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐǁŝƚŚŐƌŝƚĂŶĚƉƌŝĚĞ examples of how ŽǀĞƌƚŚĞůĂƐƚϱϬǇĞĂƌƐ. disrupted access to vital ƐĞĂƌŽƵƚĞƐĐĂŶĂīĞĐƚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞŶĂƟŽŶƐ͘͘͘dŚĞ ZÊŝƐƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ force entrusted with the mission of ensuring Singapore’s seaward defence and access to the SLOCs. 4 Singapore: A Maritime Nation

dŚĞ^ĞĂƐƌĞ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇĞŶƚƌĞƐŽĨŽŶŇdŚĞ^ĞĂƐƌĞ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇĞŶƚƌĞƐŽĨŽŶŇŝĐƚ ŝĐƚ

,ŝƐƚŽƌǇŚĂƐƐŚŽǁŶƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐĞĂƐĂƌĞĐĞŶƚƌĞƐŽĨĐŽŶŇŝĐƚ͘&ŽƌĂŵĂƌŝƟŵĞŶĂƟŽŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚŽŶƚŚĞ ƐĞĂ͕ŝƚŝƐĐƌŝƟĐĂůƚŽŚĂǀĞĂĐĂƉĂďůĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĨŽƌĐĞƚŽĚĞĨĞŶĚŝƚ͘

dŚĞϭϲϬϯEĂǀĂůĂƩůĞKīŚĂŶŐŝ dŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĂĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚƚŚĞǁĞĂůƚŚŝƚĐĂƌƌŝĞĚ͘

/ŶƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇϭϳƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌǇ͕ƚŚĞƵƚĐŚĂŶĚWŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĞĨŽƵŐŚƚĨŽƌƐƵƉƌĞŵĂĐǇŽǀĞƌƚŚĞDĂůĂĐĐĂ ^ƚƌĂŝƚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌƐŽī^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘KŶĞƐƵĐŚďĂƩůĞƚŽŽŬƉůĂĐĞŽīŚĂŶŐŝ͘

&ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞĐĂƉƚƵƌĞŽĨSanta Catarina͕ĂƌŝĐŚůǇʹůĂĚĞŶWŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĞŵĞƌĐŚĂŶƚƐŚŝƉ͕ŽīŚĂŶŐŝ ďǇƚŚĞƵƚĐŚ͕ƚŚĞWŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĞŝŵƉŽƐĞĚĂďůŽĐŬĂĚĞŽĨƚŚĞ:ŽŚŽƌZŝǀĞƌ͕ďƵƚǁĞƌĞĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůůǇ ĚĞĨĞĂƚĞĚďǇĨŽƵƌƵƚĐŚƐŚŝƉƐ͘

^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞʹƌŽǁŶ:ĞǁĞůƚŚĂƚƌŽƵŐŚƚ'ƌĞĂƚtĞĂůƚŚƚŽdŚĞƌŝƟƐŚŵƉŝƌĞ ͞This ΀Singapore΁ is by far the most important staƟ on on the East͖ and ͙ of much higher value than whole conƟ nents of territory͘͟

Ͳ^ŝƌ^ƚĂŵĨŽƌĚZĂŋĞƐŝŶĂůĞƩĞƌĚĂƚĞĚϭϱƚŚ:ƵŶĞϭϴϭϵ ƚŽƚŚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŽƌͲ'ĞŶĞƌĂůŝŶĂůĐƵƩĂŽŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƉƌŽƐƉĞĐƚƐ

/Ŷϭϴϭϵ͕^ŝƌ^ƚĂŵĨŽƌĚZĂŋĞƐĨŽƵŶĚĞĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂƐĂƚƌĂĚŝŶŐƉŽƐƚƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝƚƐůƵĐƌĂƟǀĞƚƌĂĚĞ ǁŝƚŚŚŝŶĂĂŶĚƚŽĐŽŵƉĞƚĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƵƚĐŚ͘/ƚŇŽƵƌŝƐŚĞĚ͕ŐŝǀĞŶŝƚƐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐůŽĐĂƟŽŶ͘/ŶůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶ ĮǀĞǇĞĂƌƐ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƚƌĂĚĞǀĂůƵĞǁĂƐƚǁŝĐĞƚŚĂƚŽĨWĞŶĂŶŐ͘

ǇƚŚĞϭϴϯϬƐ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƚƌĂĚĞƐƵƌƉĂƐƐĞĚƚŚĂƚŽĨƚŚĞƵƚĐŚĂƚĂǀŝĂ;ŵŽĚĞƌŶĚĂǇ:ĂŬĂƌƚĂͿƚŽ ďĞĐŽŵĞƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƉŽƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ŌĞƌƚŚĞŽƉĞŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞ^ƵĞǌĂŶĂůŝŶϭϴϲϵ͕ A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation 5

ŵŽƌĞƐŚŝƉƐĐŚŽƐĞƚŚĞƐŚŽƌƚĞƌƐĞĂƌŽƵƚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞDĂůĂĐĐĂ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͘tŝƚŚŝŶĂǇĞĂƌ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ƚƌĂĚĞǀŽůƵŵĞŚĂĚĚŽƵďůĞĚ͕ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĐĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂƐĂŵĂũŽƌƚƌĂĚŝŶŐŚƵď͘

German Warship SMS Emden ^ƚƌƵĐŬ&ĞĂƌŝŶƚŚĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚƐ^ĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ

^ĂĨĞĂŶĚĨƌĞĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĂĐĂŶŶŽƚďĞƚĂŬĞŶĨŽƌŐƌĂŶƚĞĚ͘/Ŷϭϵϭϰ͕Ă'ĞƌŵĂŶǁĂƌƐŚŝƉ͕^D^ Emden͕ƐŝŶŐůĞͲŚĂŶĚĞĚůǇĐƌŝƉƉůĞĚƐĞĂƚƌĂĚĞŝŶƚŚĞ/ŶĚŝĂŶKĐĞĂŶ͕ƚŚĞ^ŽƵƚŚWĂĐŝĮĐKĐĞĂŶĂŶĚ ƚŚĞDĂůĂĐĐĂ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͘ƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĞŵŽŶƚŚƐŝƚƚŽŽŬĨŽƌůůŝĞĚ&ŽƌĐĞƐƚŽĚĞƐƚƌŽǇƚŚĞǁĂƌƐŚŝƉ͕ ƐĞĂͲďŽƌŶĞƚƌĂĚĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶ/ŶĚŝĂĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂůŵŽƐƚŐƌŽƵŶĚĞĚƚŽĂŚĂůƚ͘

ENDNOTES

ϭ͘ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŶĂƐ͘ŐŽǀ͘ƐŐͬĂƌĐŚŝǀĞƐŽŶůŝŶĞͬĚĂƚĂͬƉĚĨĚŽĐͬƉƌĞƐƐZϭϵϳϮϬϮϬϲĂ͘ƉĚĨ Ϯ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ďďĐ͘ĐŽ͘ƵŬͬŚŝƐƚŽƌǇͬǁŽƌůĚǁĂƌƐͬǁǁƚǁŽͬďĂƩůĞͺĂƚŚůĂŶƟĐͺϬϭ͘ƐŚƚŵů 6 The RSN: A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation

The RSN: A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation

“Like Singapore, the RSN had a humble beginning ... You were a Navy of just two wooden ships, RSS Panglima and RSS Bedok͘dŚŽƐĞĞĂƌůǇǇĞĂƌƐǁĞƌĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚƟŵĞƐĨŽƌ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͕͟WƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ >ĞĞ,ƐŝĞŶ>ŽŽŶŐƐĂŝĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞZ^E͛Ɛ'ŽůĚĞŶ:ƵďŝůĞĞĐĞůĞďƌĂƟŽŶƐŽŶEĂǀǇĂǇ͕ϱthDĂǇϮϬϭϳ͘͞tĞ ǁĞƌĞĂƟŶǇŝƐůĂŶĚŶĂƟŽŶ͕ũƵƐƚƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵDĂůĂǇƐŝĂ͕ǁŝƚŚŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞƐƵĚĚĞŶůǇƚŚƌƵƐƚƵƉŽŶ ƵƐ͘&ĞǁƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞǁŽƵůĚƐƵƌǀŝǀĞĂƐĂĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ŵƵĐŚůĞƐƐƐƵĐĐĞĞĚ͘

͞dŚĂŶŬĨƵůůǇ͕ǇŽƵƌƉŝŽŶĞĞƌƐ͕ŽƵƌĨŽƵŶĚŝŶŐŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶƐ͕ǁĞƌĞƵŶĚĂƵŶƚĞĚ͘dŚĞǇ ƌŽƐĞƚŽƚŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞŽĨƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐŽƵƌǁĂƚĞƌƐĂŶĚĚĞĨĞŶĚŝŶŐŽƵƌƐŽǀĞƌĞŝŐŶƚǇ͘dŚĞEĂǀǇĂŶƐǁĞƌĞĚ ƚŚĞĐĂůůŽĨĚƵƚǇǁŚĞŶĞǀĞƌ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŶĞĞĚĞĚǇŽƵ͘͟

^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶĚƚŚĞZ^EŚĂǀĞĂŶƵŶďƌĞĂŬĂďůĞůŝŶŬ͕ŽŶĞƚŚĂƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶŽďǀŝŽƵƐƐŝŶĐĞƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͛Ɛ early years.

EARLY YEARS OF THE SINGAPORE NAVY dŚĞZ^E͕ƚŚĞŶĐĂůůĞĚƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀĂůsŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌ&ŽƌĐĞ͕ǁĂƐĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŽŶϱthDĂǇϭϵϲϳ ǁŚĞŶƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀǇŶƐŝŐŶǁĂƐƌĂŝƐĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞǀĞƌǇĮƌƐƚƟŵĞ͘ƚŝƚƐďŝƌƚŚ͕ƚŚĞZ^EŚĂĚũƵƐƚƚǁŽ wooden ships – RSS Panglima and RSS Bedok.

RSS Panglima RSS Bedok

/ƚƐ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ǁĂƐ ůĂƌŐĞůǇ ĐŽŶƐƚĂďƵůĂƌǇ ĂŶĚ ĮƌĞĚƚŚĞ'ĂďƌŝĞůŵŝƐƐŝůĞ͕ƵƐŚĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞZ^E ĨŽĐƵƐĞĚŽŶƉĂƚƌŽůůŝŶŐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘ ŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝůĞĂŐĞ͘dŚĞZ^EďĞĐĂŵĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ To augment the two wooden boats, more EĂǀǇ ŝŶ ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚ ƐŝĂ ƚŽ ĮƌĞ Ă ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞͲƚŽͲ ƐŚŝƉƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞƩĞƌ ƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŵŝƐƐŝůĞ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƐĞĂǁĂƌĚĚĞĨĞŶĐĞ͘,ĞŶĐĞ͕ŝŶϭϵϲϵ͕ tŝƚŚŵŽƌĞƐŚŝƉƐ͕ƚŚĞEĂǀǇŶĞĞĚĞĚĂ six IndependenceͲĐůĂƐƐ ƉĂƚƌŽů ĐƌĂŌ ǁĞƌĞ proper base. Brani Naval Base was opened in ĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ϭϵϳϮ͕ Ɛŝǆ Sea Wolf–ĐůĂƐƐ ϭϵϳϰďǇ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐĨŽƵŶĚŝŶŐWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ͕ ŵŝƐƐŝůĞ ŐƵŶďŽĂƚƐ͘ /Ŷ ϭϵϳϰ͕ Z^^ Sea Wolf, the Dƌ>ĞĞ<ƵĂŶzĞǁ͘dŚĞEĂǀǇŵŽǀĞĚŽƵƚŽĨĂ ĮƌƐƚͲŽĨͲĐůĂƐƐ ŵŝƐƐŝůĞ ŐƵŶďŽĂƚ͕ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇ ĚĞĐĂĚĞŽĨŝŶĨĂŶĐǇ͘ A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation 7

KƵƌĂƌůǇĂƉƟƐŵƐŽĨ&ŝƌĞ

Born in Tumultuous Times: Konfrontasi &ƌŽŵϭϵϲϯƚŽϭϵϲϲ͕/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚKonfrontasi͕ĂƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨĂƌŵĞĚĂƩĂĐŬƐƚŽĚĞƐƚĂďŝůŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ&ĞĚĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨDĂůĂǇƐŝĂ;ǁŚŝĐŚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞũŽŝŶĞĚŝŶϭϵϲϯͿ͘dŚĞŵŽƐƚƐĞƌŝŽƵƐĂƩĂĐŬǁĂƐƚŚĞ ďŽŵďŝŶŐŽĨDĂĐŽŶĂůĚ,ŽƵƐĞŝŶDĂƌĐŚϭϵϲϱ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐŶĂǀĂůǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌĨŽƌĐĞĚĞĨĞŶĚĞĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂƌŵĞĚŝŶĐƵƌƐŝŽŶƐďǇ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂŶŵĂƌŝŶĞĐŽŵŵĂŶĚŽƐ͘^ŽŵĞϭϳϬƌĞƐĞƌǀĞŽĸĐĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĂƟŶŐƐǁĞƌĞŵŽďŝůŝƐĞĚŝŶƚŽ ĂĐƟǀĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ tŚŝůĞŶŽƚĂĨƵůůͲŇĞĚŐĞĚŶĂǀǇ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƉŝŽŶĞĞƌŶĂǀĂůĚĞĨĞŶĚĞƌƐǁĞƌĞŶŽůĞƐƐŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞ͕ ĐŽƵƌĂŐĞŽƵƐĂŶĚĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ.

Terror at Our Doorstep: Laju Incident in 1974 KŶ ϯϭ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ϭϵϳϰ͕ ĚƵƚǇ ĐĂůůĞĚ ŽŶĐĞ again. dŚĞ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞZĞĚƌŵǇĂŶĚƚŚĞWŽƉƵůĂƌ &ƌŽŶƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ >ŝďĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨWĂůĞƐƟŶĞƐĞƚ Žī ĞǆƉůŽƐŝǀĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ^ŚĞůů Žŝů ƌĞĮŶĞƌǇ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽŶWƵůĂƵƵŬŽŵ͘dŚĞǇǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽ disrupt the oil supply from Singapore to ŽƚŚĞƌĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘ &ŽƵƌƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐƚƐƚŚĞŶĂƩĞŵƉƚĞĚƚŽĞƐĐĂƉĞ ďǇŚŝũĂĐŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĨĞƌƌǇLajuĂŶĚƚĂŬŝŶŐĮǀĞ LajuĐƌĞǁŚŽƐƚĂŐĞ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƚŚĞǇĚŝĚ ŶŽƚŐŽǀĞƌǇĨĂƌ͘EĂǀǇĂŶĚDĂƌŝŶĞWŽůŝĐĞ vessels surrounded LajuŽīWƵůĂƵƵŬŽŵ͕ The Laju incident underscored the need for a robust capability to enforce Singapore’s mariƟ me security͘ ĨŽŝůŝŶŐƚŚĞĞƐĐĂƉĞ͘

/ŶdŚĞǇĞŽĨƚŚĞdŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵ͗dĞƐƚŽĨKƵƌZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚDĞƩůĞ ͞/ŐŽƚŵĂƌƌŝĞĚŽŶϭϰthDĂǇϭϵϳϱĂŶĚŵǇĐŽŵŵĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĸĐĞƌŐƌĂĐŝŽƵƐůǇŐĂǀĞŵĞϭϬŚŽƵƌƐ ŽīƚŽŐĞƚŵĂƌƌŝĞĚ͘/ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚďĂĐŬƚŽƐŚŝƉĂŌĞƌƚŚĞĐĞƌĞŵŽŶǇ͘DǇǁŝĨĞĐƌŝĞĚ͕͟ƐĂŝĚ>d;ZdͿ EĂŵĂƐĞǀĂǇĂŵ͕ǁŚŽǁĂƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶdŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵ͘ /ŶDĂǇϭϵϳϱ͕^ŽƵƚŚsŝĞƚŶĂŵĨĞůůĂŶĚƚƌŝŐŐĞƌĞĚĂŵĂƐƐŝǀĞĞǆŽĚƵƐŽĨ͚ďŽĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞ͛͘dŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ EĂǀǇ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ dŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵ͘ Z^E ƐŚŝƉƐ ƉĂƚƌŽůůĞĚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ǁĂƚĞƌƐ Ϯϰͬϳ ƚŽ ƌĞŶĚĞƌĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƚŽƚŚĞ͚ďŽĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞ͕͛ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŵǁŝƚŚĨŽŽĚ͕ĨƵĞů͕ĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌƚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ƚŚĞŝƌũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͘ǀĞŶĂŌĞƌƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĞŶĚĞĚ͕ƚŚĞďŽĂƚƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƚŽƚƌŝĐŬůĞŝŶ͘ Z^EƐŚŝƉƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞƉĂƚƌŽůƐƵŶƟůƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇϭϵϴϬƐ͘dŚĞŚŝŐŚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƚĞŵƉŽ ƚĞƐƚĞĚƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͛ƐƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚŵĞƩůĞ͘:ƵƐƚĂƐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƐĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵDĂůĂǇƐŝĂŚĂĚ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶƐďĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂƐŽŶĞƵŶŝƚĞĚƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ƚŚĞƚƌǇŝŶŐĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐŽĨ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶdŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵŚĞůƉĞĚƚŽĨŽƌŐĞĂƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌEĂǀǇƐƉŝƌŝƚ͘ ͞dŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵƚĂƵŐŚƚŵĞƚŚĂƚďĞŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞEĂǀǇǁĂƐŶŽůŽŶŐĞƌũƵƐƚĂŵĂƩĞƌŽĨďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐǇŽƵƌ ƚƌĂǀĞůďĂŐ͕ĂĨĞǁĚĂǇƐŽĨƉĂƚƌŽůĂŶĚƚŚĞŶƌĞƚƵƌŶŝŶŐŚŽŵĞƚŽƌĞƐƚ͕͟ƐĂŝĚƚŚĞůĂƚĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌtĂƌƌĂŶƚ KĸĐĞƌ;ZdͿ,ƵƐƐĂŝŶ͘͞dŚĞĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐĞƚŵĞĂŶĚŵǇĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚǁŚĂƚŝƚƌĞĂůůǇ ŵĞĂŶƚƚŽĚĞĨĞŶĚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂŌĞƌƐĞĞŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐŽĨƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽŚĂĚůŽƐƚƚŚĞŝƌŚŽŵĞůĂŶĚ͘͟ 8 The RSN: A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation

The early Navy kept up its tempo of daily By the 1980s, it became ƉĂƚƌŽůƐ͘ tŚĞŶ ĚƵƚǇ ĐĂůůĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ Laju ŚŝũĂĐŬŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϳϰ͕ƚŚĞEĂǀǇƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚ clear that Singapore’s well and prevented the terrorists from ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƐƵƌǀŝǀĂůƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ĞƐĐĂƉŝŶŐ͘ /Ŷ ϭϵϳϱ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĨĂůů ŽĨ ^ŽƵƚŚ freedom of access to the sŝĞƚŶĂŵ͕ƚŚĞZÊǁĂƐĐĂůůĞĚƚŽĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞ͚ďŽĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞ͛ĨƌŽŵ ^>KƐ͘͘͘ǇƚŚĞZÊ͛Ɛ^ŝůǀĞƌ sŝĞƚŶĂŵ ǁŝƚŚ ĨŽŽĚ͕ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ Jubilee in 1992, sights fuel, and to repair their vessels so that they ĐŽƵůĚĐŽŶƟŶƵĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͘KŵŝŶŽƵƐůǇ ǁĞƌĞƐĞƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĐŽĚĞŶĂŵĞĚ dŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ǁĂƐ Ă ƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞ͞ƚŚĞĞƐƚ>ŝƩůĞ ŵĂŵŵŽƚŚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŵƵĐŚŽĨ EĂǀǇŝŶƚŚĞtŽƌůĚ͘͟ ƚŚĞ ZÊ͛Ɛ ĞŶĞƌŐǇ͘ &Žƌ ĂůŵŽƐƚ Ă ĚĞĐĂĚĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ĨŽĐƵƐĞĚ ŝƚƐ ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ŽŶ ƚŚŝƐ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞͶĂĨĂĐƚƚŚĞŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ͘ dƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĨŽƌĐĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐƉůĂǇĞĚ tŝƚŚŽƵƚĨƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞ^>KƐ͕ ƐĞĐŽŶĚĮĚĚůĞ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĐŽƵůĚďĞƐƚƌĂŶŐƵůĂƚĞĚ͘/ƚǁĂƐƟŵĞ ƚŽŝŶǀĞƐƚŝŶƐŚŝƉƐĐĂƉĂďůĞŽĨ^>KŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘

dŚĞ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ŵŝĚͲϭϵϴϬƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ϭϵϵϬƐƐĂǁĂƌĂƉŝĚďƵŝůĚͲƵƉŽĨƚŚĞZ^EƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĂĐƋƵŝƐŝƟŽŶƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ VictoryͲĐůĂƐƐ ŵŝƐƐŝůĞ ĐŽƌǀĞƩĞƐĐĂƉĂďůĞŽĨĂŶƟͲĂŝƌ͕ĂŶƟͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĂŶƟͲƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ŬĞǇ

The ZSN was the Įrst Navy in Southeast Asia to successfully Įre an anƟͲship missile in ϭϵϳϰ͘

BUILDING THE 2ND GENERATION RSN &ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ dŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵ͕ ƚŚĞ Z^E ƉƵƌƐƵĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŝƚƐ Ϯnd 'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐǁŝƚŚĂƌĞŶĞǁĞĚƐĞŶƐĞ ŽĨƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĂŶĚǀŝŐŽƵƌ͘ǇƚŚĞϭϵϴϬƐ͕ŝƚďĞĐĂŵĞ ĐůĞĂƌ ƚŚĂƚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů͕ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂŶĚƐƵĐĐĞƐƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĨƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨ ĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĂůŝŶĞƐŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ;^>KƐͿ͘^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŚĂĚďǇϭϵϴϮďĞĐŽŵĞ the world’s busiest port in terms of shipping The acƋuisiƟon of the sŝĐƚŽƌǇͲclass missile corveƩes in ƚŽŶŶĂŐĞ͘dŚĞ^>KƐĚŝĚŶŽƚŽŶůǇĐĂƌƌǇƚƌĂĚĞ͕ the ϭϵϴϬs signiĮcantly eǆpanded the ZSN’s capability to protect Singapore’s SLOCs and to ensure Singapore’s ďƵƚĂůƐŽĐƌŝƟĐĂůƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐŽĨĨŽŽĚĂŶĚĞŶĞƌŐǇƚŽ survival͘ A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation 9

ĨŽƌĐĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ůĂƉŽĨĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞǀŝƐŝŽŶƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞ ƚŚĞ &ŽŬŬĞƌͲϱϬ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƉĂƚƌŽů ĂŝƌĐƌĂŌ͕ ƚŚĞ ͞ƚŚĞ ĞƐƚ >ŝƩůĞ EĂǀǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ tŽƌůĚ͘͟ /Ŷ ϭϵϵϲ͕ &earlessͲĐůĂƐƐ ƉĂƚƌŽů ǀĞƐƐĞůƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ Bedok- ĂĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶǁĂƐƚĂŬĞŶƚŽƐĞŶĚĂŐƌŽƵƉŽĨ ĐůĂƐƐŵŝŶĞĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞǀĞƐƐĞůƐ͘dŚĞZÊ personnel to Sweden for submarine training. ǁĂƐǁĞůůŽŶŝƚƐǁĂǇƚŽďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐĂďĂůĂŶĐĞĚ This paved the way for the RSN to build its ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĨŽƌĐĞ͘ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘/ŶƚŚĞůĂƚĞϭϵϵϬƐ͕ƉůĂŶƐ were also laid to build the EnduranceͲĐůĂƐƐ ǇƚŚĞZÊ͛Ɛ^ŝůǀĞƌ:ƵďŝůĞĞŝŶϭϵϵϮ͕ƚŚĞ ůĂŶĚŝŶŐƐŚŝƉƐƚĂŶŬ;>^dƐͿĂŶĚƚŚĞ&ormidable- ĨƌŽŶƚͲĞŶĚ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Ϯnd 'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĐůĂƐƐ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ ƚŽ ƌĞƉůĂĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĂŐĞŝŶŐ County- ZÊǁĞƌĞŝŶƉůĂĐĞ͘^ŝŐŚƚƐǁĞƌĞƐĞƚŽŶŝƚƐŶĞǆƚ ĐůĂƐƐ>^dƐĂŶĚSea WolfͲĐůĂƐƐŵŝƐƐŝůĞŐƵŶďŽĂƚƐ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůǇ͘ tŝƚŚƚŚĞŶĞǁ>^dƐĂŶĚ frigates, the RSN was REALISING THE 3RD GENERATION RSN in a stronger position ƐƚŚĞZÊĞŶƚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞŶĞǁŵŝůůĞŶŶŝƵŵ͕ Ăůů ƚŚĞ ŬĞǇ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ZÊ͛Ɛ ϯrd to safeguard the SLOCs 'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌĐĞ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŚĂĚ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ and operate beyond the ƚŽ ĐŽŵĞ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘ ŵŽŶŐƐƚ ƚŚĞŵ͕ ƚŚƌĞĞ region to engage partners ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĞĚƚŚĞZÊ͛ƐƚĞǆƚƵƌĞĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƉƌŽĮůĞ ʹ ƚŚĞ EnduranceͲĐůĂƐƐ in ways that were LSTs, the &ormidableͲĐůĂƐƐ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůǇŶŽƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͘ submarines.

AŌer the ϮϬϬϰ Boǆing Day Tsunami, the SA& deployed three LSTs, embarked with helicopters, to assist in disaster relief operaƟons͘ Supplies and eƋuipment were transferred via fast craŌ to Aceh, Indonesia from the LSTs͘ 10 The RSN: A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation

ĞĐŽŵŝŶŐƚŚĞĞƐƚ>ŝƩůĞEĂǀǇŝŶƚŚĞtŽƌůĚ

ƐƚŚĞZ^EĞŶƚĞƌĞĚŝƚƐϮnd'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĐĞƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞǀŝƐŝŽŶǁĂƐƐĞƚƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞƚŚĞ ĞƐƚ>ŝƩůĞEĂǀǇŝŶƚŚĞtŽƌůĚ͘

͞We want to be the Best LiƩ le Navy in the World͘ We’re not like the hS Navy – we don’t have to do everything͘ We don’t have to Į ght globally in the Seven Seas and be responsible for threeͲ Ƌuarters of the world’s surface – that doesn’t bother us͘ But we know Ƌuite clearly the things we have to do in order to achieve the mission, and the capabiliƟ es that we have to build up͘ And those areas we want to be the best͘ We want to be very, very, very good – world class͘ There is no reason why we can’t be, and that in a sense is our vision͗ Whatever we choose to do, Number One!” ͲZDdĞŽŚĞĞ,ĞĂŶ͕ĨƌŽŵThe Vital &orce;ϭϵϵϮͿ

Surging into the Missile Age dŚĞĂĐƋƵŝƐŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝůĞŐƵŶďŽĂƚƐŝŶϭϵϳϮǁĂƐĂ watershed for the Navy. Small but nimble, the missile ŐƵŶďŽĂƚƐǁĞƌĞĞƋƵŝƉƉĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚƌĂĚĂƌƐĂŶĚ Gabriel missiles. >ŝŬĞŶĞĚƚŽĂƐŵĂůů͞ƉŽĐŬĞƚďĂƩůĞƐŚŝƉ͕͟ƚŚĞǇƉĂĐŬĞĚ ĂŶĂƌƐĞŶĂůƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚƐŝŶŬǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐŵĂŶǇƟŵĞƐƚŚĞŝƌ ƐŝǌĞ͘ dŚĞŝƌ 'ĂďƌŝĞů ŵŝƐƐŝůĞƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ƚĂƌŐĞƚ ƐŚŝƉƐ ƚŚĂƚ were beyond line of sight. The Israeli Navy used 'ĂďƌŝĞůŵŝƐƐŝůĞƐƚŽƚŚĞŝƌĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŝŶϭϵϳϯ͘ƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞzŽŵ<ŝƉƉƵƌǁĂƌ͕ƚŚĞǇƐĂŶŬĞŝŐŚƚĞŶĞŵǇǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐĐĂƐƵĂůƟĞƐ͘ /Ŷϭϵϳϰ͕Z^^Sea WolfƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚĂ'ĂďƌŝĞůŵŝƐƐŝůĞĮƌŝŶŐ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞZ^EƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ EĂǀǇŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƚŽĮƌĞĂŐƵŝĚĞĚĂŶƟͲƐŚŝƉŵŝƐƐŝůĞ͘

See Farther, Strike Faster

The missile corveƩ es, the mariƟ me patrol aircraŌ and the ,arpoon missiles allowed the Navy to see farther, strike faster͘

ǇϭϵϴϮ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŚĂĚďĞĐŽŵĞƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐďƵƐŝĞƐƚƉŽƌƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĞĐŽŶŽŵǇǁĂƐƚŚƌŝǀŝŶŐ͘dŚĞ^& ŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƐƚĂďŝůŝƚǇĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘dŚĞEĂǀǇŶĞĞĚĞĚĚĞĂĚůǇĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐƐŽ that others would take it seriously. dŚĞĮƌƐƚŽƌĚĞƌŽĨďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐǁĂƐƚŽĞƋƵŝƉƚŚĞEĂǀǇǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚƐĞŶƐŽƌƐĂŶĚǁĞĂƉŽŶƐ ŽĨƚŚĂƚƟŵĞ͕ĂŶĚďĞĐŽŵĞĐĂƉĂďůĞŽĨĮŐŚƟŶŐŝŶĂůůƚŚƌĞĞĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐŽĨŶĂǀĂůǁĂƌĨĂƌĞʹƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ͕ air and underwater. EĞǆƚ͕ǁĂƐƚŽƐĞĞĨĂƌƚŚĞƌ͕ƐƚƌŝŬĞĨĂƐƚĞƌ͘dŚĞEĂǀǇŶĞĞĚĞĚĂŝƌĐƌĂŌƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƐŚŝƉƐ͛ůŽŶŐƌĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝůĞƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĐŽƵůĚ strike far beyond the ships’ radar horizon. tŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĞĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ƚŚĞZ^EŚŽŶĞĚŝƚƐǁĂƌĮŐŚƟŶŐƐŬŝůůƐĂŶĚďĞŐĂŶƚŽďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝƚƐĞůĨ against established navies. A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation 11

By the mid-2000s, the RSN was ready to take on leadership roles in international exercises and operations.

ŝŶϮϬϬϰ͕ƚŚĞZÊƐĞŶƚƚŚƌĞĞ>^d^ͲĞŵďĂƌŬĞĚ &rigate ZSS dĞŶĂĐŝŽƵƐ and her sea security teams were deployed in the 'ulf of Aden in ϮϬϭϰ for counterͲpiracy ǁŝƚŚŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌƐͲƚŽĐĞŚ͕/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚ operaƟons͘ With the frigates, the ZSN became even more capable of deploying further aĮeld͘ ŝŶĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƌĞůŝĞĨŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘/ŶϮϬϬϰ͕ƚŚĞZÊ ĂůƐŽĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚĂ>^dƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞůͲĂƐƌĂŚ LSTs and Frigates Kŝů dĞƌŵŝŶĂů ŝŶ ƚŚĞ EŽƌƚŚ ƌĂďŝĂŶ 'ƵůĨ ĂŶĚ The new LSTs and frigates enabled the RSN ĂƐƐŝƐƚ ŝŶ /ƌĂƋ͛Ɛ ƉŽƐƚͲǁĂƌ ƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĚĞƉůŽǇ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ͘ ĞĨŽƌĞ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĚ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘dŚŝƐĞŶĂďůĞĚƚŚĞZÊƚŽŐĂŝŶǀĂůƵĂďůĞ ƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŝƉƐ͕ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐǁĞƌĞĐŽŶĮŶĞĚůĂƌŐĞůǇ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚŐƌŽǁŝƚƐƌĞƉƵƚĂƟŽŶ as a professional and trusted partner. By the ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚ ƐŝĂ ǁŝƚŚ ŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶĂů ĨŽƌĂǇƐ ŵŝĚͲϮϬϬϬƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊǁĂƐƌĞĂĚǇƚŽƚĂŬĞŽŶ ďĞǇŽŶĚƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘tŝƚŚƚŚĞŶĞǁ>^dƐĂŶĚ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƌŽůĞƐŝŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐĂŶĚ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊǁĂƐŝŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚŽ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚƚŚĞ^>KƐĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƚĞďĞǇŽŶĚƚŚĞ region to engage partners in ways that were dŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ further enabled the RSN to adopt a more previously not possible. ĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚƉŽƐƚƵƌĞĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͕

The RSN started taking part in high-end ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐĂŶĚŵŝƐƐŝůĞĮƌŝŶŐƐƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨŵŝůĞƐ from Singapore. ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ƚŚĞ Zŝŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ WĂĐŝĮĐ ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ

;Z/DWͿ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŶĂďůĞĚ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ƚŽ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ^ŝŶĐĞŝƚƐŝŶĂƵŐƵƌĂůĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚƚŽZ/DW ŚŽŶĞŝƚƐǁĂƌͲĮŐŚƟŶŐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘dŚĞZÊ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϴ͕ ZÊ ƐŚŝƉƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƌŝƐĞŶ ĨƌŽŵ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂůƐŽ ďĞŐĂŶ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ǀĂůƵĞĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐ ƵŶŝƚƐ ƚŽ ĂƐƐƵŵŝŶŐ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ŚƵŵĂŶŝƚĂƌŝĂŶ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ƌĞůŝĞĨ ƌŽůĞƐ͘/ŶZ/DWϮϬϭϲ͕ƚŚĞĨƌŝŐĂƚĞZ^^Steadfast ďĞĐĂŵĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŶŽŶͲhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐEĂǀǇƐŚŝƉ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŽĂůŝƟŽŶŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ƚŽ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ Ă ŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŐƌŽƵƉ ƐĂŝů ƚŽ

dŚŝƐ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ Hawaii. The RSN took a similar journey for its ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌͲƉŝƌĂĐǇ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ>^dƐŝŶϮϬϬϬ͘dŚĞĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐŽĨƚŚŝƐŶĞǁ ƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨĚĞŶ͘/ŶϮϬϬϵ͕ƚŚĞZÊŵĂĚĞŝƚƐĮƌƐƚ ƉůĂƞŽƌŵǁĞƌĞǀĂůŝĚĂƚĞĚǁŚĞŶŝƚƐĮƌƐƚͲŽĨͲ ĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨĚĞŶƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ ĐůĂƐƐ͕ Z^^ Endurance, embarked on a four- ŝŶŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂůĐŽƵŶƚĞƌͲƉŝƌĂĐǇĞīŽƌƚƐ͘/ŶϮϬϭϬ͕ ŵŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŶĚͲƚŚĞͲǁŽƌůĚĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŝŶϮϬϬϬ͘ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ƚŽŽŬ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ŽĨ ŽŵďŝŶĞĚ dĂƐŬ /ŶƚŚĞĂŌĞƌŵĂƚŚŽĨƚŚĞŽǆŝŶŐĂǇdƐƵŶĂŵŝ &ŽƌĐĞϭϱϭ;d&ϭϱϭͿĨŽƌƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƟŵĞ͘dŚĞZÊ 12 The RSN: A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation

Submarine Force

dŚĞƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞĨŽƌĐĞĐŽŶĨĞƌƐƚŚĞZ^EǁŝƚŚ Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ ĞǇŽŶĚ ŝƚƐ ƵƟůŝƚǇ ĂƐ Ă ĚĞƚĞƌƌĞŶƚ ĨŽƌĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ Z^E͛Ɛ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ĨŽƌĐĞ ŝƐ also a useful engagement tool, and has been ĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŶĂǀŝĞƐ ŝŶ ďŝůĂƚĞƌĂůĂŶĚŵƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂůƐĞƫŶŐƐ͘

ZSN and Indian Navy ships in a naval formaƟon in the Just as the new LSTs and frigates transformed SingaporeͲIndian DariƟme Bilateral Eǆercise ϮϬϭϱ in the South China Sea͘ The ZSN’sƌĐŚĞƌͲclass submarine, ZSS ƚŚĞZ^E͛ƐŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƚĞǆƚƵƌĞ͕ƚŚĞƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ ƌĐŚĞƌ, led the formaƟon, followed by ;leŌ to rightͿ INS Satpura, RSS Supreme and INS <ĂŵŽƌƚĂ͘ This was the further raised the RSN’s professional standing Įrst Ɵme anƌĐŚĞƌͲclass submarine eǆercised with the Indian Navy͘ ĂŶĚƐƚĂƚƵƌĞ͘tŝƚŚĂƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞĨŽƌĐĞƚŚĂƚŚĂƐ ŚĂƐƐŝŶĐĞƚĂŬĞŶĐŽŵŵĂŶĚŽĨd&ϭϱϭŽŶĨŽƵƌ ƉƌŽǀĞŶƚŽďĞĂŶ͚ĞůƵƐŝǀĞĨŽĞ͛ŝŶĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞ ŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇ ĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌͲ Z^E͛Ɛ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ ĂƌĞ Ă ƐŽƵŐŚƚͲĂŌĞƌ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ ƉŝƌĂĐǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨĚĞŶ͘ ĚƵƌŝŶŐĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐǁŝƚŚĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŶĂǀŝĞƐ͘

The liƩoral mission vessels ;LDVsͿ represent the future of the ZSN͘ It was a momentous occasion when the ĮrstͲofͲclass LDV ZSS /ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ was commissioned by Prime Dinister Lee ,sien Loong on Navy Day, ϱth Day ϮϬϭϳ͘ A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation 13

ZĂƉŝĚůǇ'ƌŽǁŝŶŐĂ&Ƶůů^ƉĞĐƚƌƵŵŽĨĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ

DĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞYƵĂŶƚƵŵ>ĞĂƉ͗&ƌŝŐĂƚĞƐĂŶĚEĂǀĂů,ĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌƐ

The RSN’s frigates and helicopters operate in farͲŇ ung places, keeping pace with wellͲestablished navies͘

/ŵĂŐŝŶĞďĞŝŶŐĂďůĞƚŽĚĞƚĞĐƚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŝƌĐƌĂŌĨƌŽŵŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶƐĞǀĞƌĂůŚƵŶĚƌĞĚŬŝůŽŵĞƚƌĞƐ ĂǁĂǇĂŶĚĞŶŐĂŐĞƚŚĞŵǁĞůůďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞǇĐĂŶĚĞƚĞĐƚǇŽƵ͘/ŵĂŐŝŶĞďĞŝŶŐĂďůĞƚŽĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŽǀĞƌĂŶĂƌĞĂŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϯϬϬƟŵĞƐƚŚĞƐŝǌĞŽĨ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘/ŶϮϬϬϳ͕ƚŚŝƐďĞĐĂŵĞĂ reality for the Singapore Navy. dŚĞ ĨŽƌŵŝĚĂďůĞ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞͲŶĂǀĂů ŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌ ƉĂŝƌ ĂůůŽǁƐ ƚŚĞ Z^E ƚŽ ĞǆĞƌƚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ŽǀĞƌĂǁŝĚĞĂƌĞĂĂŶĚƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐůŝĨĞůŝŶĞƐĨƌŽŵĂĨĂƌ͘dŚĞǇĐŚĂŶŐĞĚƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƚĞǆƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͘

^ŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϬϳ͕ ƚŚĞ Z^E͛Ɛ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞĚ ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŶĂǀŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚĂǀĞ ůĞĚ ŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂůƚĂƐŬŐƌŽƵƉƐŝŶĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŝŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͘

The Silent Hunters

Submarines provide the RSN with a strategic capability͘ dŽďĞƩĞƌƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƐĞĂůŝŶĞƐŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞZ^EƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶĞĚŝƚƐƉƌŽǁĞƐƐ ŝŶƚŚĞƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌĚŽŵĂŝŶďǇĂĐƋƵŝƌŝŶŐƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐĂƚƚŚĞƚƵƌŶŽĨƚŚŝƐĐĞŶƚƵƌǇ͘ZĂƌĞůǇƐĞĞŶŽƌ ŚĞĂƌĚďǇŝƚƐĨŽĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞƐŝůĞŶƚŚƵŶƚĞƌƐĂƌĞƐŵĂůůĂŶĚŶŝŵďůĞ͕ĂŶĚŚĂǀĞƉƌŽǀĞŶƚŽďĞ͚ĞůƵƐŝǀĞ ĨŽĞƐ͛ĚƵƌŝŶŐĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐǁŝƚŚƉĂƌƚŶĞƌŶĂǀŝĞƐ͘ 14 The RSN: A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation

ƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞtŽƌůĚŽŶZ^^Endurance

RSSŶĚƵƌĂŶĐĞ in New zork City for the hnited States Navy’s InternaƟ onal Naval Review as part of Sail Navy ϮϬϬϬ͘

͞As I reŇ ect on Sail Navy ϮϬϬϬ, I think the Singapore Navy is the only navy in the region that has sailed around the world – what’s more, on RSS ŶĚƵƌĂŶĐĞ͛Ɛ maiden voyage!” ͲK>;ZdͿ^ŝŽǁŚĞĞ<ŚŝĂŶŐ͕ƚŚĞŶͲĐŽŵŵĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĸĐĞƌŽĨZ^^ Endurance

KŶϱDĂǇϮϬϬϬ͕ƚŚĞŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐůǇĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚĂŶĚďƵŝůƚZ^^Endurance made Singapore Navy ŚŝƐƚŽƌǇďǇĞŵďĂƌŬŝŶŐŽŶĂĨŽƵƌͲŵŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŶĚͲƚŚĞͲǁŽƌůĚĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ͕ďĂƌĞůǇĂŵŽŶƚŚĂŌĞƌ ďĞŝŶŐĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚ͘

dŚĞ ǀŽǇĂŐĞ͕ ƚŚĞŵĞĚ ͞DĂŬŝŶŐ ǁĂǀĞƐ͕ ĨŽƌŐŝŶŐ ŐůŽďĂů ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐŚŝƉƐ͕͟ ĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ŶĂƵƟĐĂů miles, and brought RSS EnduranceƚŽŶŝŶĞƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ^ƵĞǌĂŶĚƚŚĞWĂŶĂŵĂĐĂŶĂůƐ͘ RSS EnduranceĂůƐŽĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚŽƐƚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚŝƚǀŝƐŝƚĞĚĂŶĚƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŚĞh^EĂǀǇ͛Ɛ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůEĂǀĂůZĞǀŝĞǁŝŶEĞǁzŽƌŬŽŶϰth :ƵůǇϮϬϬϬ͘

THE RSN AT 50 ĐŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŝŶƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶĚŚĞƌ sovereignty from the early days of the Navy, dŚĞZÊŚĂƐĐŽŵĞĂůŽŶŐǁĂǇĨƌŽŵŝƚƐ ǁŚĞŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ ƉĂƚƌŽů ĐƌĂŌ ďŽƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŶĂŵĞ ŚƵŵďůĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐƐϱϬǇĞĂƌƐĂŐŽ͘ ͚/ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ͛͘ dŽĚĂǇ͕ ƚŚĞ >Ds ĞƉŝƚŽŵŝƐĞƐ &ŝƫŶŐůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚͲŽĨͲĐůĂƐƐ ůŝƩŽƌĂů the future of the RSN: a Sharper, Smarter and ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ǀĞƐƐĞů ;>DsͿ Z^^ Independence was ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƌ EĂǀǇ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚ ŽŶ EĂǀǇ ĂǇ͕ ϱthDĂǇϮϬϭϳ͕ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂŶĚŚĞŶĐĞ͕ƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞŽĨŽƵƌŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ when the RSN marked her Golden Jubilee. The ŶĂƟŽŶ͘&ƌŽŵĂEĂǀǇǁŝƚŚũƵƐƚƚǁŽǁŽŽĚĞŶ ŶĂŵĞ͚/ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ͛ĞŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƚĞƐƚŚĞZÊ͛Ɛ ƐŚŝƉƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊƚŽĚĂǇŝƐĂďĂůĂŶĐĞĚĂŶĚĐĂƉĂďůĞ A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation 15

&rom two wooden ships to a balanced, capable mariƟ me force͗ leading this naval formaƟ on during the &leet ConcentraƟ on Period in Nov ϮϬϭϳ is theƌĐŚĞƌͲclass submarine, followed directly by a FormidableͲclass frigate, DV ^ǁŝŌZĞƐĐƵĞ and DV ǀĂƚĂƌ͘ On the right Ň anks are the ŶĚƵƌĂŶĐeͲclass LSTs and FormidableͲclass frigates respecƟ vely͘ On the leŌ Ň anks are the sŝĐƚŽƌǇͲclass missile corveƩ es and the /ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞͲclass LDV leading the Specialised Darine CraŌ ͘

ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĨŽƌĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚƐ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ The RSN today is a balanced ƐĞĂǁĂƌĚ ĚĞĨĞŶĐĞ͕ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƐ ŝƚƐ ^>KƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐƚŽƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƉĞĂĐĞĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘ ĂŶĚĐĂƉĂďůĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĨŽƌĐĞ that safeguards Singapore’s dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƉŽƌƚ ĐĂůůƐ ĂŶĚ ŶĂǀĂů ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊĨŽƐƚĞƌƐƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů seaward defence, protects ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌͲŽƉĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ ǁŝƚŚ its SLOCs, and contributes other navies. This builds mutual trust and to regional peace and ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĨŽƌŵ ƚŚĞ ďĂƐŝƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ZÊƚŽǁŽƌŬǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌŶĂǀŝĞƐŽŶĐŽŵŵŽŶ security. ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐ͘dŽĚĂǇ͛ƐƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ƐĞĂĐŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚƌĞŵĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞͲƌĞĂĚǇ͕ƚŚĞZÊ ĂƌĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇƚƌĂŶƐŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚŶŽĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ǁŝůů ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ĞŵďƌĂĐĞ ŶĞǁ ĮŐŚƟŶŐĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ͕ ĐĂŶ ƚĂĐŬůĞ ƚŚĞŵ ĂůŽŶĞ͘ Ǉ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŶŐǁŝƚŚ ĞǆƉůŽŝƚ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽĨŽƵƌƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘^ĂĨĞĂŶĚ its people. ƐĞĐƵƌĞƐĞĂƐĂƌĞǀŝƚĂůĨŽƌ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞƚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ dŚĞ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶŐ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ŇŽƵƌŝƐŚ͕ĂŶĚĨŽƌŽƵƌŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ ĂůƐŽ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ to grow. ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚĨƌŝĞŶĚƐĂŶĚůŝŬĞͲŵŝŶĚĞĚ >ŽŽŬŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͘ƐƚŚĞZÊĐŚĂƌƚƐƚŚĞǁĂǇĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͕ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ǁŝůů ďĞĐŽŵĞ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇ ƐƵĐŚĐŚĂŶŐĞƐǁŝůůĞŶĂďůĞƚŚĞZÊƚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆ͘/ƚŝƐĂůƐŽĨĂƐƚͲĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ͘dŽƌŝĚĞƚŚŝƐ our mission of ensuring Singapore’s survival. 16 Singapore Navy Order of Battle A Maritime Force for a Maritime Nation 17 18 Peace at Sea

Peace at Sea By Professor Tommy Koh

INTRODUCTION ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŝƐĂŶŝƐůĂŶĚŶĂƟŽŶ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ŵŽƐƚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶƐƚĂŬĞƚŚĞƐĞĂĨŽƌŐƌĂŶƚĞĚ͘KŶ ǁĞĞŬĞŶĚƐ͕ŵŽƌĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶƐĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞƐŚŽƉƉŝŶŐŵĂůůƐƚŚĂŶŽŶƚŚĞďĞĂĐŚĞƐ͘/ǁŽƵůĚ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞůŝŬĞƚŽďĞŐŝŶŵǇĞƐƐĂǇďǇƌĞŵŝŶĚŝŶŐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶƐƚŚĂƚŵŽĚĞƌŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞǁĂƐĨŽƵŶĚĞĚŝŶ ϭϴϭϵďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĚĞĞƉŶĂƚƵƌĂůŚĂƌďŽƵƌ͕ŝƚƐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐůŽĐĂƟŽŶĂƚƚŚĞƐŽƵƚŚĞƌŶĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞDĂůĂĐĐĂ ^ƚƌĂŝƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŶĞĞĚƚŽƐĞƌǀŝĐĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐĂŶĚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚƌĂĚĞ͘

dŽĚĂǇ͕ϭϵϴǇĞĂƌƐůĂƚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĂĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽďĞŽĨŐƌĞĂƚƐĂůŝĞŶĐĞƚŽ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘/ƚŝƐƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛Ɛ ďƵƐŝĞƐƚƉŽƌƚ͘dŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŇĂŐŝƐĐĂƌƌŝĞĚďǇƚŚĞĮŌŚůĂƌŐĞƐƚŵĞƌĐŚĂŶƚŇĞĞƚŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͘^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĐĞŶƚƌĞ͘dŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƚŽƌĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐƐĞǀĞŶ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚƚŽ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ'WĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬũŽďƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶ͘

CHAOTIC VERSUS ORDERLY WORLD tŚĂƚ ĞŶƐƵĞĚ ǁĂƐ Ă ƉĞƌŝŽĚ ŽĨ ĐŚĂŽƐ͘ ŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ƋƵĂƌƌĞů ĂŶĚ͕ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ͕ EŽ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ ďŝŐ Žƌ ƐŵĂůů͕ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĞǀĞŶĮŐŚƚŽǀĞƌƚŚĞǁŝĚƚŚŽĨƚŚĞƚĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂůƐĞĂ͕ Ă ĐŚĂŽƟĐ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ Ă ǁŽƌůĚ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ůĂǁƐ͕ ƌƵůĞƐ ĮƐŚŝŶŐƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚƐŽŽŶ͘/ƌĞĐĂůůƚŚĂƚĂĚŝƐƉƵƚĞ ĂŶĚĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͘ǀĞƌǇĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞ ŽǀĞƌĮƐŚŝŶŐƌŝŐŚƚƐůĞĚƚŽĂďƌŝĞĨƐŚŽŽƟŶŐǁĂƌ ŵĂũŽƌ ƉŽǁĞƌƐ͕ ƉƌĞĨĞƌƐ Ă ǁŽƌůĚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĞĚ ďǇ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ/ĐĞůĂŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ<ŝŶŐĚŽŵ͘ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůůǇ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ ƌƵůĞƐ͘ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ůĂǁ ĨƵůĮůƐƚŚŝƐŶĞĞĚ͘ No country, big or &Žƌ ŵĂŶǇ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͛Ɛ ŽĐĞĂŶƐ ƐŵĂůů͕ďĞŶĞĮƚƐĨƌŽŵĂ ǁĞƌĞŐŽǀĞƌŶĞĚďǇĐƵƐƚŽŵĂƌǇŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĐŚĂŽƟĐǁŽƌůĚ͕ĂǁŽƌůĚ ůĂǁ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ĐƵƐƚŽŵĂƌǇŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁ ƉƌĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ĐŽĂƐƚĂů ƐƚĂƚĞ ŵĂǇ ĐůĂŝŵ Ă ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚůĂǁƐ͕ƌƵůĞƐ ƚĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂůƐĞĂŽĨƚŚƌĞĞŵŝůĞƐŝŶǁŝĚƚŚ͘ ĂŶĚĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͘ǀĞƌǇ

ƵƐƚŽŵĂƌǇ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ůĂǁ ĐĂŵĞ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ϭϵϱϬƐ ĂŶĚ ϭϵϲϬƐ͘ ^ĞǀĞƌĂů ŵĂũŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƐ͕ƉƌĞĨĞƌƐ ĐŽĂƐƚĂů ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ŝŶ >ĂƟŶ ŵĞƌŝĐĂ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞĚ ĂǁŽƌůĚŐŽǀĞƌŶĞĚďǇ ƚŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞͲŵŝůĞ ƚĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂů ƐĞĂ ƌƵůĞ ĂŶĚ ŵĂĚĞ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůůǇĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚƌƵůĞƐ͘ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ŽĨ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ϭϮ ĂŶĚ ϮϬϬ ŵŝůĞƐ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ŶĞǁůǇŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŝŶƐŝĂĂŶĚĨƌŝĐĂ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁĨƵůĮůƐ ĞŵƵůĂƚĞĚƚŚĞŵ͘ ƚŚŝƐŶĞĞĚ͘ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 19

THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE RULE OF ŶĞŐŽƟĂƟŽŶƐ ĨĂŝů ƚŽ ƌĞƐŽůǀĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ LAW ďĞƩĞƌĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĞƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚƚŽƚƌǇƚŽƐĞƩůĞ ƚŚĞĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐŽŶĐŝůŝĂƟŽŶ͕ĂƌďŝƚƌĂƟŽŶŽƌ /ƚƚŽŽŬƚŚĞdŚŝƌĚhŶŝƚĞĚEĂƟŽŶƐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ĂĚũƵĚŝĐĂƟŽŶƚŚĂŶƚŽůĞƚƚŚĞĚŝƐƉƵƚĞĨĞƐƚĞƌĂŶĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ >Ăǁ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ĞĂ ŶŝŶĞĂƌĚƵŽƵƐǇĞĂƌƐŽĨ ĐŽŶƚĂŵŝŶĂƚĞƚŚĞŽǀĞƌĂůůŚĞĂůƚŚŽĨƚŚĞďŝůĂƚĞƌĂů ŶĞŐŽƟĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ƚŽ ĂƌƌŝǀĞ Ăƚ Ă ĐŽŶƐĞŶƐƵƐ ŽŶ all ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͘ ƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞŶƟŽƵƐŝƐƐƵĞƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞǁŝĚƚŚŽĨ ƚŚĞƚĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂůƐĞĂ͕ƚŚĞǁŝĚƚŚŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ĂŶĚ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂ ŚĂǀĞ ƌĞƐŽůǀĞĚ ǌŽŶĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚĂů ƐŚĞůĨ͘ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐ ƉĞĂĐĞĨƵůůǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ dŚĞ ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ĂůƐŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ŶĞǁ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ĂĐĐŽƌĚĂŶĐĞǁŝƚŚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁ͘/ŶƚŚĞĐĂƐĞŽĨ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ůĂǁ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝǀĞ WĞĚƌĂƌĂŶĐĂ͕ĂŶŝƐůĂŶĚƚŚĂƚƐŝƚƐĂƚƚŚĞĞĂƐƚĞƌŶ economic zone, archipelagic sea lanes passage, ĞŶƚƌĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚǁŽ ƚƌĂŶƐŝƚ ƉĂƐƐĂŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂŐƌĞĞĚƚŽƌĞĨĞƌƚŚĞŝƌĚŝƐƉƵƚĞŽǀĞƌŝƚƐ ŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƚŽƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŽƵƌƚŽĨ:ƵƐƟĐĞ͘ ŽĨ ŵĂŶŬŝŶĚ͘ / ƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ /ŶƚŚĞĐĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞĚŝƐƉƵƚĞŽǀĞƌ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐůĂŶĚ ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶŝƚƐĮŶĂůƚǁŽǇĞĂƌƐ͘ ƌĞĐůĂŵĂƟŽŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŶĞĂƌƚŚĞ:ŽŚŽƌ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͕ƚŚĞ ůĞŐĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚĂƌďŝƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĂĚũƵĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ dŚĞhEŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞ>ĂǁŽĨƚŚĞ^ĞĂ ĂŶĚ ĨĂĐƚͲĮŶĚŝŶŐ ďǇ Ă ŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ ;hE>K^ͿŝƐĂĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞĂŶĚĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚĂƟǀĞ ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐĂŶĚŶĞŐŽƟĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŵŽĚĞƌŶůĂǁŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂ͘dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ǁŚǇ / ŚĂǀĞ ĐĂůůĞĚ ŝƚ Ă ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ dŚĞ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ ĂŶĚ ǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐŽĐĞĂŶƐ͘ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂŽǀĞƌƚǁŽŝƐůĂŶĚƐ͕^ŝƉĂĚĂŶĂŶĚ>ŝŐŝƚĂŶ͕ ǁĂƐ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŽƵƌƚ ŽĨ dŚĞ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ϭϲϴ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ :ƵƐƟĐĞ͘dŚĞĚŝƐƉƵƚĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ hŶŝŽŶ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ DǇĂŶŵĂƌ ŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐŝƐŶŽƚĂƉĂƌƚǇ͕ŝƚƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƐŵŽƐƚ ǁĂƐ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů dƌŝďƵŶĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂƐ ĐƵƐƚŽŵĂƌǇ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ >Ăǁ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ĞĂ͘ dŚĞ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ůĂǁ͘ /ƚ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĨŽƌŵ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚ ĂŶĚ /ŶĚŝĂ ŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƉĞĐƚƐ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ͘ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ ǁĂƐ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ĂƌďŝƚƌĂƟŽŶ͘ ůů ŽĨ DĂŶǇŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ͛ƐƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚďǇƚƌŝďƵŶĂůƐĂŶĚĐŽƵƌƚƐĂƐĐƵƐƚŽŵĂƌǇ ƚŚĞŵǁĞƌĞƌĞƐŽůǀĞĚƉĞĂĐĞĨƵůůǇĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁ͘ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘

UNCLOS AND PEACE AT SEA ,ŽǁĚŽĞƐhE>K^ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƉĞĂĐĞĂƚƐĞĂ͍ /ƚĚŽĞƐƐŽŝŶƚŚƌĞĞǁĂǇƐ͗ĮƌƐƚ͕ďǇĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ ĂŶĞǁ͕ĨĂŝƌĂŶĚĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞǁŽƌůĚŽƌĚĞƌĨŽƌƚŚĞ ŽĐĞĂŶƐ͖ƐĞĐŽŶĚ͕ďǇƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƚŚĞƌƵůĞŽĨůĂǁ͖ ĂŶĚƚŚŝƌĚ͕ďǇƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƚŚĞƉĞĂĐĞĨƵůƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐ͘ƵŶŝƋƵĞĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ ŝƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚŽĨĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐŝƐŵĂŶĚĂƚŽƌǇ ĂŶĚŶŽƚŽƉƟŽŶĂů͘/ŶŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌĚƐ͕ĂƐƚĂƚĞƉĂƌƚǇ ĐĂŶŶŽƚŽƉƚŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ͘

UNCLOS AND DISPUTE SETTLEMENT In ϮϬϬϴ, the InternaƟonal Court of :usƟce awarded hE>K^ ŚĂƐ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĚ ƉĞĂĐĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Pedra Branca to Singapore͘ Countries are able to resolve disputes peacefully through such avenues in accordance to ƚŚĞ ƉĞĂĐĞĨƵů ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐ͘ tŚĞŶ internaƟonal law, which contributes to peace at sea͘ 20 Peace at Sea

THREATS TO PEACE AT SEA piracy ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ Ă ƉůĂƞŽƌŵ ĨŽƌ ďƌŽĂĚĞƌ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘ tŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐƚŽƉĞĂĐĞĂƚƐĞĂ͍ ROLE OF THE SINGAPORE NAVY /ĐĂŶƚŚŝŶŬŽĨƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĨŽƵƌƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͗ dŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀǇŚĂƐƉůĂǇĞĚƚŚƌĞĞƌŽůĞƐ͘ ;ŝͿ WŝƌĂĐǇ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĐƌŝŵĞƐ dŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƌŽůĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ ĚĞĨĞŶĚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ against shipping; ĂŶǇƐĞĂďŽƌŶĞĂƩĂĐŬ͘dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚŝƐƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĂ ůŝŶĞƐ ŽĨ ;ŝŝͿ hŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵů ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƚŚŝƌĚŝƐƚŽĨŽƐƚĞƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ŽĨhE>K^͖ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ;ŝŝŝͿZĞƐŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŽ ĨŽƌĐĞ Žƌ ƵŶŝůĂƚĞƌĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŶĂǀŝĞƐ Ăƚ ƐĞĂ ŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ƌƵůĞƐͲ ƚŽ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞ ŽŶĞ͛Ɛ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ ŽĨ ƌĞůǇŝŶŐ ďĂƐĞĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŽƌĚĞƌ͘ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ hE>K^ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ĐŽŵƉƵůƐŽƌǇ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ͖ĂŶĚ /Ŷ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ;ŝǀͿ/ůůĞŐĂů͕ƵŶƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚĂŶĚƵŶƌĞŐƵůĂƚĞĚĮƐŚŝŶŐ͘ ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĞĂůŝŶĞƐŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀǇŚĂƐĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚĨŽƌĐĞƐƚŽƚŚĞ PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY 'ƵůĨ ŽĨ ĚĞŶ͕ ŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů WŝƌĂĐǇĂŶĚĂƌŵĞĚƌŽďďĞƌǇŽĨƐŚŝƉƐƉŽƐĞĂ ĂŶƟͲƉŝƌĂĐǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϬϵ͘ ƐĞƌŝŽƵƐƚŚƌĞĂƚƚŽŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŽ ƉĞĂĐĞĂƚƐĞĂ͘hŶƟůĂĨĞǁǇĞĂƌƐĂŐŽ͕ƚŚĞďŝŐŐĞƐƚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ Ă ƐŝŐŶĂƚŽƌǇ ƚŽ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ƚŚƌĞĂƚƚŽŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐǁĂƐƉŽƐĞĚďǇ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐƚŽĚĞĂůǁŝƚŚƉŝƌĂĐǇ ^ŽŵĂůŝƉŝƌĂƚĞƐ͘/ŶϮϬϭϭ͕ƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĂŶĚ ĂƌŵĞĚ ƌŽďďĞƌǇ ŽĨ ƐŚŝƉƐ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ ĨŽƌϮϯϳŽƵƚŽĨĂƚŽƚĂůŽĨϰϯϵĂƩĂĐŬƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ dŚĞ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ &ƵƐŝŽŶ ĞŶƚƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŚĂŶŐŝ ƐŚŝƉƐ ǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ͘ /Ŷ ϮϬϭϱ͕ ŽƵƚ ŽĨ Ϯϰϲ ĂƩĂĐŬƐ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƐŚŝƉƐǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ͕ŶŽŶĞǁĞƌĞĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽƵƚ dŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀǇŚĂƐ ďǇ^ŽŵĂůŝƉŝƌĂƚĞƐ͘ ƉůĂǇĞĚƚŚƌĞĞƌŽůĞƐ͘dŚĞ /ŶƐƚĞĂĚ͕ƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĂƩĂĐŬƐ ƚŽŽŬƉůĂĐĞŝŶ/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂŶǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘KǀĞƌŚĂůĨŽĨ ĮƌƐƚƌŽůĞŝƐƚŽĚĞĨĞŶĚ ƚŚĞĂƩĂĐŬƐ͕ϭϳϴ͕ƚŽŽŬƉůĂĐĞŝŶ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚƐŝĂ͘ Singapore against any dŚŝƐŝƐĂƐƚĂŝŶŽŶƚŚĞŐŽŽĚŶĂŵĞŽĨ^E͘/ƚŝƐ ŝŶĐƵŵďĞŶƚƵƉŽŶ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚƐŝĂƚŽĐůĞĂŶƵƉŝƚƐ ƐĞĂďŽƌŶĞĂƩĂĐŬ͘dŚĞ ĂĐƚŽƌŝƚǁŝůůďĞŬŶŽǁŶĂƐƚŚĞƉŝƌĂĐǇĐĂƉŝƚĂůŽĨ ƐĞĐŽŶĚŝƐƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͘ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐ / Ăŵ ŚĂƉƉǇ ƚŽ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĞĂůŝŶĞƐŽĨ ĂƩĂĐŬƐŚĂƐĚƌŽƉƉĞĚƌĞŵĂƌŬĂďůǇƚŚŝƐǇĞĂƌĂƐĂ ƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚǀŝŐŝůĂŶĐĞĂŶĚĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƚŚŝƌĚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŝƐĂĨŽƵŶĚĞƌŵĞŵďĞƌŽĨƚŚĞZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŝƐƚŽĨŽƐƚĞƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĐŽͲ ŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚŽŶŽŵďĂƟŶŐWŝƌĂĐǇ ĂŶĚ ƌŵĞĚ ZŽďďĞƌǇ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ƐŚŝƉƐ ŝŶ ƐŝĂ͕ Žƌ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŽŶŝƐƐƵĞƐŽĨ ZĞW͕ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚͲƚŽͲ ĐŽŵŵŽŶĐŽŶĐĞƌŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌͲ ƉŝƌĂĐǇ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ŚŽƐƚƐ ŶĂǀŝĞƐĂƚƐĞĂŝŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ ZĞW /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ^ŚĂƌŝŶŐ ĞŶƚƌĞ͕ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŽĨĂƌƵůĞƐͲďĂƐĞĚ ƉƌŽŵƉƚ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĂůĞƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŽƌĚĞƌ͘ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 21

ŽŵŵĂŶĚĂŶĚŽŶƚƌŽůĞŶƚƌĞǁĂƐĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ dŚĞƚĞŶĚĞŶĐǇƚŽĐŚĞĂƚŝƐ ŝŶϮϬϬϵƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƚŚĞĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĂĨĂŝůŝŶŐŽĨƐƚĂƚĞƐĂƐǁĞůů ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘/ƚŚĂƐĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽĞīĞĐƟǀĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĂƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ƚŽ ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͕ĂƌĞĐĞŶƚĞǆĂŵƉůĞďĞŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ŵĂŶǇĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĂƉƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝŽŶŝŶ&ĞďƌƵĂƌǇϮϬϭϲŽĨ&sViking, a ƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞŵĂĚĞĐůĂŝŵƐŽƌ ǀĞƐƐĞůŽŶ/ŶƚĞƌƉŽů͛ƐWƵƌƉůĞEŽƟĐĞĂŶĚǁĂŶƚĞĚ ďǇϭϯĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĨŽƌŝůůĞŐĂůĮƐŚŝŶŐ͘ ĂƐƐĞƌƚĞĚƌŝŐŚƚƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞ ŶŽƚĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ dŽŬĞĞƉƚŚĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚƐŽĨDĂůĂĐĐĂĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ƐĂĨĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƵƌ ůŝƩŽƌĂů ƐƚĂƚĞƐ͕ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂ͕ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ĂŶĚ dŚĂŝůĂŶĚ͕ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĞǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞ ĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ ƐĞĂ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ Ăŝƌ ƉĂƚƌŽůƐ͘ dŚĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ EĂǀǇ ŚĂƐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ĐůĂŝŵƐďǇĐŽĂƐƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞƐ͘ ŝŶƐƵĐŚƉĂƚƌŽůƐ͘<ŶŽǁŶĂƐƚŚĞDĂůĂĐĐĂ^ƚƌĂŝƚƐ WĂƚƌŽů͕ŝƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶŚŝŐŚůǇĞīĞĐƟǀĞŝŶƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ĐŽĂƐƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞƐ͘/ŶŵǇǀŝĞǁ͕ƐƵĐŚĐůĂŝŵƐƐŚŽƵůĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƉŝƌĂĐǇ ĂŶĚ ĂƌŵĞĚ ƌŽďďĞƌǇ͕ ďĞ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞĚ ĂŶĚ͕ ŝĨ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵƌƚƐ ĂŶĚŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐŝƚĞĚĂƐĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůŵŽĚĞůŽĨ Žƌ ĂƌďŝƚƌĂů ƚƌŝďƵŶĂůƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĂƐŬĞĚ ƚŽ ƌƵůĞ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶĂŵŽŶŐƐƚĂƚĞƐ͘ ŽŶƚŚĞŵ͘

dŚĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ EĂǀǇ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ACTING UNILATERALLY ŶĂǀŝĞƐƌĞŐƵůĂƌůǇĐŽŶĚƵĐƚũŽŝŶƚĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ dŚĞƚŚŝƌĚƚŚƌĞĂƚŝƐƉŽƐĞĚďǇƚŚĞďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌ ŝŶƚĞƌĚŝĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐƵƐƉŝĐŝŽƵƐ ǀĞƐƐĞůƐ͕ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŽĨ ƐŽŵĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĞĞŵ ƚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ƌĞũĞĐƚĞĚ hEͲŝŶƐƉŝƌĞĚ WƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͘ ƚŚĞ hE>K^ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ĐŽŵƉƵůƐŽƌǇ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞ /ŶϮϬϭϰ͕ƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀǇ͕ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌǁŝƚŚ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ĨĂǀŽƵƌ ŽĨ ĂĐƟŶŐ ƵŶŝůĂƚĞƌĂůůǇ͘ ϮϬŽƚŚĞƌƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůŶĂǀŝĞƐ͕ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚĂŽĚĞĨŽƌ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƐĞ ŽĨ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐ͕ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĂƌĞ hŶƉůĂŶŶĞĚŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐĂƚ^ĞĂŽƌh^͘hŶĚĞƌ ŽďůŝŐĞĚ ƚŽ ƐĞƩůĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐ ŝŶ ĂĐĐŽƌĚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞĂƵƐƉŝĐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ^EĞĨĞŶĐĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌƐ͛ ǁŝƚŚ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ůĂǁ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ hE>K^͘ DĞĞƟŶŐWůƵƐ͕ƚŚĞZ^EĂŶĚZŽǇĂůƌƵŶĞŝEĂǀǇ hŶĚĞƌ hE>K^͕ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƌĞƐŽůǀĞĚ ĐŽͲŚŽƐƚĞĚ ĂŶ ϭϭͲĚĂǇ ŵƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂů ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŶĞŐŽƟĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĐŽŶĐŝůŝĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂƌďŝƚƌĂƟŽŶ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐŵ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ĂŶĚĂĚũƵĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐϭϴĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŝŶDĂǇϮϬϭϲ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞ ƐŽŵĞĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨŚŽǁƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀǇ WĂƌƟĞƐ ƚŽ Ă ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞ ŵĂǇ ĂůƐŽ ǁŝƐŚ ƚŽ ƉƵƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐƚŽƉĞĂĐĞĂƚƐĞĂĂŶĚƚŽƵƉŚŽůĚŝŶŐ ĂƐŝĚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐ ƐŽǀĞƌĞŝŐŶƚǇ ĐůĂŝŵƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌƵůĞŽĨůĂǁĂƚƐĞĂ͘ ĞŶƚĞƌ ŝŶƚŽ Ă ǁŝŶͲǁŝŶ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ũŽŝŶƚůǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉƚŚĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĚŝƐƉƵƚĞĚĂƌĞĂĂŶĚ UNFAITHFUL INTERPRETATION ƐŚĂƌĞŝŶƚŚĞŝƌďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘'ŝǀĞŶŐŽŽĚǁŝůůŽŶďŽƚŚ dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƚŚƌĞĂƚŝƐƉŽƐĞĚďǇƚŚĞƵŶĨĂŝƚŚĨƵů ƐŝĚĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵĂŶǇǁĂǇƐŝŶǁŚŝĐŚĂĚŝƐƉƵƚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨhE>K^͘dŚĞ ĐĂŶďĞƌĞƐŽůǀĞĚŽƌŵĂŶĂŐĞĚƉĞĂĐĞĨƵůůǇ͘ ƚĞŶĚĞŶĐǇƚŽĐŚĞĂƚŝƐĂĨĂŝůŝŶŐŽĨƐƚĂƚĞƐĂƐǁĞůů ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED AND ĂƐ ŽĨ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶǇ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐ ŽĨ ƐƚĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞŵĂĚĞĐůĂŝŵƐŽƌĂƐƐĞƌƚĞĚƌŝŐŚƚƐ UNREGULATED FISHING ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ĨŽƵƌƚŚ ƚŚƌĞĂƚ ŝƐ ƉŽƐĞĚ ďǇ ŝůůĞŐĂů͕ dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĞǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞĐůĂŝŵƐďǇ ƵŶƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƵŶƌĞŐƵůĂƚĞĚ ĮƐŚŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞ 22 Peace at Sea

dŚĞƋƵĞƐƚĨŽƌƉĞĂĐĞĂƚƐĞĂ CONCLUSION ŝƐĂĐŚŝĞǀĂďůĞ͘ dŚĞ ƋƵĞƐƚ ĨŽƌ ƉĞĂĐĞ Ăƚ ƐĞĂ ŝƐ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĂďůĞ͕ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ŝƐ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ĚŽ ƚŚĞ hE͛Ɛ &ŽŽĚ ĂŶĚ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ KƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚƌĞĞ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ͘ &ŝƌƐƚ͕ Ăůů ƐŚŽƵůĚ ;&KͿŚĂƐƌĞƉĞĂƚĞĚůǇǁĂƌŶĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛Ɛ ƵƉŚŽůĚƚŚĞƌƵůĞŽĨůĂǁ͘dŚŝƐŵĞĂŶƐĂďŝĚŝŶŐďǇ ĮƐŚĞƌŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŶ Ă ƐƚĂƚĞ ŽĨ ĐƌŝƐŝƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐƌŝƐŝƐ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐhE>K^͕ƚŚĞ/DK ŝƐ ĐĂƵƐĞĚ ďǇ ƐƵĐŚ ŝůůĞŐĂů ĮƐŚŝŶŐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂƐ ĂŶĚ&KŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͘^ĞĐŽŶĚ͕ĂůůƐŚŽƵůĚƐĞƩůĞ ǁĞůůĂƐŽǀĞƌĮƐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟǀĞ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐ ƉĞĂĐĞĨƵůůǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ĂĐĐŽƌĚĂŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĚ ƵŶƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ŽĨ ĮƐŚŝŶŐ͘ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĚŝƉůŽŵĂƟĐ ĂŶĚ ůĞŐĂů dŚĞ &K͛Ɛ ĐŽĚĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ĨŽƌ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘ dŚŝƌĚ͕ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ǁŝůů ĂŶĚ Ă ƐƉŝƌŝƚ ŽĨ ĮƐŚĞƌŝĞƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶĞĚ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƐĞ ŐŝǀĞ ĂŶĚ ƚĂŬĞ ĂƌĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ͘ tŝƚŚŽƵƚ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚ ŚŝŶĂ ^ĞĂ͕ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ǁŝůů͕ ŶŽƚŚŝŶŐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚ͘ tŝƚŚ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ƵƌŐĞŶƚůǇ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ Ă ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĮƐŚĞƌǇ ǁŝůů͕ĂůŵŽƐƚĞǀĞƌǇƉƌŽďůĞŵŚĂƐĂƐŽůƵƟŽŶ͘ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĂďƐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƐƵĐŚĂŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵ͕ŶŽŽŶĞŝƐůŽŽŬŝŶŐĂŌĞƌƚŚĞ ŵĂƌŝŶĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ^ŽƵƚŚŚŝŶĂ^ĞĂ͘

Professor Tommy Koh is an Ambassador-At-Large with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Centre for International Law at National University of Singapore. He was the President of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea from 1981 to 1982. A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 23

The Evolving Environment and Implications for the RSN By Ambassador Barry Desker

Singapore’s economic success has been due largely to its development as an entrepôt and global transhipment hub, in tandem with a strong manufacturing base. This has been underpinned by its free and safe access to sea lines of communicaƟon ;S>KCsͿ. The ZSN has played a vital role in safeguarding Singapore’s mariƟme interests.

eing a small country with an open economy, Singapore is highly suscepƟble to both regional and internaƟonal events. The contours of its regional mariƟme environment are rapidly changing, shaped by geopoliƟcal contests over the mariƟme commons, as well as the proliferaƟon of nonͲ convenƟonal threats. These changes pose important ƋuesƟons for the ZSN. Not only will it have to adapt to the changing conteǆt, it will have to play an acƟve role in shaping that conteǆt to secure Singapore’s survival and prosperity.

A MORE CONGESTED AND ƐƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐƉĂĐĞ CONTESTED MARITIME SPACE ďĞĐŽŵĞƐŵŽƌĞĐŽŶŐĞƐƚĞĚ The siaͲWaciĮc region is home to ϰϲ countries with millions dependent on the sea ĂŶĚĐŽŶƚĞƐƚĞĚ͕ŝƚŝƐ for trade, connecƟvity and resources. The ŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞĨŽƌĐŽĂƐƚĂů mariƟme region has become more ͚contested’, with countries asserƟng compeƟng claims ƐƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌŶĂǀŝĞƐ over territory and resources as they become more developed. /n the ast and South China ƚŽƉƵƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐĂƐŝĚĞ Seas, there are ongoing disputes that impinge ĂŶĚĮŶĚŶĞǁǁĂǇƐƚŽ on the territorial seas, exclusive economic ǌones and aƩendant rights to exploitaƟon ďƵŝůĚƚƌƵƐƚĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞ of resources of coastal states. These issues ƚĞŶƐŝŽŶƐĂƚƐĞĂ͘dŚŝƐŝƐ will increasingly become core to the naƟonal policies of coastal states in the region, leading ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĨŽƌ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͕ to changing strategic prioriƟes. ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐĂǀŝƚĂůŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ

efence spending in the siaͲWaciĮc ŝŶƚŚĞĨƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨĂĐĐĞƐƐ countries is expected to grow in tandem with ƚŽŬĞǇ^>KƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶ rapid regional economic growth. According to the StocŬholm /nternaƟonal Weace Zesearch ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁ͘ 24 The Evolving Environment and Implications for the RSN

dŚĞZ^EŚĂƐďŽƚŚƚŚĞ urged ũihadist militants to aƩack economically sensiƟve testern targets, such as oil tankers, ĚƵƚǇĂŶĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇƚŽ along the Malacca Strait, and singled out ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĂƐƚĂďůĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ Sembawang as a logisƟcal node for the hnited States ;hSͿ Navy’s Seventh Fleet, and a viable ŽƌĚĞƌ͘ target for aƩack. Apart from sabotage at sea, terrorist elements could exploit the porous mariƟme borders to smuggle perpetrators /nsƟtute, total defence spending in the AsiaͲ and arms ashore. /n addiƟon, sea robbery WaciĮc is forecast to hit hSΨϱϯϯ billion per year, and piracy remain a threat to the security of with the region accounƟng for one in every Singapore’s sea lanes. These issues are part three dollars spent on defence worldwide of a growing set of transnaƟonal problems, by the early 2020s. A large part of defence which reƋuire collaboraƟve soluƟons between spending by coastal states is channelled countries. towards building naval capabiliƟes, reŇecƟng their growing interest in the mariƟme domain. These challenges present opportuniƟes for states and navies to Įnd common ground As the mariƟme space becomes more for coͲoperaƟon. The Malacca Straits Watrol congested and contested, it is imperaƟve between Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand has been largely successful in for coastal states and their navies to put eliminaƟng piracy in the immediate region. diīerences aside and Įnd new ways to build Moving forward, emerging security issues trust and manage tensions at sea. This is such as mariƟme counterͲterrorism will important for Singapore, which has a vital provide greater scope for the ZSN and regional interest in the freedom of access to key navies to strengthen collaboraƟon and further S>KCs based on internaƟonal law. This is also expand the common security space. important to all user states because the seas connect all. /n this context, the ZSN has both IMPACT OF CHANGING the duty and opportunity to promote a stable DEMOGRAPHICS mariƟme order. /t is incumbent on the ZSN In navigaƟng the future environment, the and regional navies to develop operaƟonal ZSN will face two sets of challenges. The Įrst arrangements and protocols to govern acƟons will be in responding eīecƟvely to the evolving at sea, prevent miscalculaƟons and promote set of security challenges in the mariƟme mutual trust. The Code for hnplanned domain; the second will be in doing so ncounters at Sea, endorsed in 20ϭϰ by 2ϭ sustainably in a resourceͲconstrained context. navies in the AsiaͲWaciĮc region, is one good The issue of demographic decline is endemic example. to developed countries and Singapore is no excepƟon. tith the children of babyͲboomers EKEͳKEsEd/KE>DZ/d/D reaching enlistment age in the 2000s, the SECURITY THREATS enlistment number peaked in 2011 with DariƟme terrorism and criminal 21,000 men conscripted for naƟonal service. acƟviƟes transcend naƟonal boundaries. The This is projected to decline back to levels in the phenomena of selfͲradicalisaƟon and terrorist 1ϵϵ0s of about 1ϱ,000 men by 20ϯ0. aƩacks in global ciƟes present an everͲpresent threat to Singapore’s security. /n 20ϭϰ, AlͲ Constraints in manpower will impose Qaeda in its online magazine, Resurgence, a need for the ZSN to further leverage on A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 25 automaƟon to increase manpower eĸciency, to become accustomed to periods of slower and prioriƟse investments in human capital to growth. Wrudence in defence spending will enhance combat producƟvity in line with the become increasingly important, parƟcularly parallel development in capabiliƟes. with demographic changes; lower economic IMPACT OF A MATURING ECONOMY growth and increased social spending impose compeƟng budgetary demands. Investment into advanced technologies for Singapore’s defence capabiliƟes and training In the context of the ZSN’s future systems is necessary, but reƋuires a large and transformaƟon, budget constraints will longͲterm Įnancial commitment. Singapore necessitate targeted investments in idenƟĮed ͚gameͲchangers’ to maximise the defence has been able to make signiĮcant investments dollar. Emerging technology domains, such in defence over the last few decades, within the as data analyƟcs and roboƟcs, present favourable context of high economic growth opportuniƟes where the ZSN can forge a and sustained increases in budget revenue. As sustainable edge moving forward. its economy matures, Singaporeans will have KE>h^/KE dŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ The future mariƟme environment will be ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚǁŝůůďĞ dynamic, and the ZSN will have to anƟcipate changes and act boldly to address them. And it ĚǇŶĂŵŝĐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞZ^E cannot go it alone. The ZSN will need to work ǁŝůůŚĂǀĞƚŽĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ with its friends and partners, at home and abroad. This will ensure that the ZSN is able ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐĂŶĚĂĐƚďŽůĚůǇƚŽ to respond eīecƟvely to the challenges ahead ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞŵ͘ and conƟnue to secure Singapore’s future.

Ambassador Barry Desker is a Distinguished Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University. He is also Singapore’s Representative to the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights and the Non-Resident Ambassador of Singapore to the Holy See and Spain. 26 Defending Our Everyday – Safeguarding Singapore’s Maritime Security

Defending Our Everyday – Safeguarding Singapore’s Maritime Security

dŽĚĂǇ͛Ɛ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŶƐďŽƵŶĚĂƌǇ͘ EŽ ƐŝŶŐůĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ Žƌ ĂŐĞŶĐǇŚĂƐƚŚĞŵĞĂŶƐƚŽƚĂĐŬůĞƚŚĞĨƵůůƌĂŶŐĞŽĨŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĂůŽŶĞ͘/ƚŝƐǀŝƚĂůĨŽƌ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ –ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ – ƚŽ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞǁŚĞŶƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƐĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘

dŚĞ ZÊ ƚĂŬĞƐ Ă ƚǁŽͲƉƌŽŶŐĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘ Firstly͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ůĞĂĚƐ Ă ǁŚŽůĞͲŽĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚƌĞĂƚƐďǇŽƌĐŚĞƐƚƌĂƟŶŐĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚĂŶĚĐŽŚĞƌĞŶƚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘ Secondly͕ ŝƚ ĚƌŝǀĞƐ ǁŚŽůĞͲŽĨͲĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƐĨŽƌŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐƚŽĞīĞĐƟǀĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ͘dŚĞZÊ ĂůƐŽŚĞůƉƐƚŽĐĂƚĂůǇƐĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƚŽĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘ t,K>ͳK&ͳ'KsZEDEdWWZK, dŚĞZÊůĞĂĚƐĂǁŚŽůĞͲ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇ ĐƌŽƐƐͲĚŽŵĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ŽĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞůǇ͘ ŌĞƌ Ăůů͕ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƐĐŽƉĞ ŽĨ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ΀ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ΁ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ŝŶ ŝƚƐĞůĨ͕ ƐƉĂŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ďǇŽƌĐŚĞƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘^ƵĐŚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƌĂŶŐĞĨƌŽŵůĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐďǇƚŚĞ ĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚĂŶĚĐŽŚĞƌĞŶƚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞWŽůŝĐĞ&ŽƌĐĞ;^W&Ϳ͕ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĂŶĚƉŽƌƚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ďǇ ƚŚĞ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ WŽƌƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ ŽĨ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ;DWͿ͕ ĐƵƐƚŽŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŵŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶ ďǇ ƚŚĞ /ŵŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘ ĂŶĚŚĞĐŬƉŽŝŶƚƐƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ;/ͿĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ƵƐƚŽŵƐ͕ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĨĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐŽǀĞƌĞŝŐŶƚǇďǇƚŚĞZÊ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ >ĞĚďǇƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞDĂƌŝƟŵĞƌŝƐŝƐ ĂŶ ŝŶŶŽĐƵŽƵƐ ĮƐŚŝŶŐ ďŽĂƚ ŝŶ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ĞŶƚƌĞ;^DͿ͕ƚŚĞED^^ǁĂƐŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůŝƐĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ǀŝŽůĂƟŶŐ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŝŶϮϬϭϯ͘/ƚŚĂƐŐƌĞĂƚůǇƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶĞĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ŚĂƌďŽƵƌŝŶŐ ŝůůĞŐĂů ŝŵŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐ͕ ůŝŶŬĂŐĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ ĐĂƌƌǇŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƚƌĂďĂŶĚ ŝƚĞŵƐ͕ Žƌ ŝŶƚĞŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůǇ ŝŶ͗ ;ϭͿ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƌĞĂƚ ĐĂƌƌǇŽƵƚƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐƚĂƩĂĐŬƐŽŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͖;ϮͿĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐ/ŶƚĞƌͲŐĞŶĐǇŽͲKƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĨŽƌĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ͖;ϯͿ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ͖ĂŶĚ;ϰͿĨƵƚƵƌĞ /ŶϮϬϭϭ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĐƌĞĂƚĞĚƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘/ƚŚĂƐĞŶĂďůĞĚĞīĞĐƟǀĞ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ^ǇƐƚĞŵ;ED^^ͿƚŽƐǇŶĞƌŐŝƐĞ ǁŚŽůĞͲŽĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŽƉƟŵŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŝŶƚĞƌͲĂŐĞŶĐǇĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶŝŶŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐƚŽĚĞƚĞĐƚ͕ĚĞƚĞƌ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘ ĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĚŝĐƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 27 tŚĂƚtĞĂŶŶŽƚĞĨĞŶĚŽĞƐEŽƚĞůŽŶŐƚŽhƐ

The RSN safeguards Singapore’s borders at sea, including our oī shore islands͘

^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŝƐĂŶŝƐůĂŶĚŶĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƐĂƌĞŽƵƌďŽƌĚĞƌƐĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐĨƌŽŶƚůŝŶĞ͘/ŶƉĞĂĐĞ͕ƚŚĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀǇƐĞƌǀĞƐĂƐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐĮƌƐƚůŝŶĞŽĨĚĞĨĞŶĐĞ͘ ǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ͕ƚŚĞZ^EĚĞĨĞŶĚƐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐƐŽǀĞƌĞŝŐŶƚǇĂƚƐĞĂ͕ĂŶĚŬĞĞƉƐŽƵƌǁĂƚĞƌƐĨƌĞĞĨƌŽŵ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘EĂǀǇƐŚŝƉƐƉůǇƚŚĞďƵƐǇ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚĂŶĚŐƵĂƌĚŝƚƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞĚŝĚŶŽƚĐŽŵĞĞĂƐŝůǇ͘KƵƌŵĂƌŝƟŵĞŶĂƟŽŶ͛ƐƐŽǀĞƌĞŝŐŶƚǇŵƵƐƚŶĞǀĞƌ ďĞƚĂŬĞŶĨŽƌŐƌĂŶƚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞZ^EŵƵƐƚĚĞĨĞŶĚŽƵƌŚŽŵĞůĂŶĚĂŶĚŽƵƌŽīƐŚŽƌĞŝƐůĂŶĚƐ͘

^ĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚŝŶŐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ^ŽǀĞƌĞŝŐŶƚǇ

A &ĞĂƌůĞƐƐͲclass patrol vessel on rouƟ ne patrol near Pedra Branca͘

/ƚǁĂƐϮϯrdDĂǇϮϬϬϴ͕ƚŚĞĚĂǇŽĨƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŽƵƌƚŽĨ:ƵƐƟĐĞǀĞƌĚŝĐƚŽŶƚŚĞƐŽǀĞƌĞŝŐŶƚǇ ŽĨWĞĚƌĂƌĂŶĐĂ͘ ĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞǀĞƌĚŝĐƚ͕ƚŚĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƚĞŶƐĞŝŶƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌƐŽīWĞĚƌĂƌĂŶĐĂ͘Z^^Brave͕ŽŶĚƵƚǇ ƚŚĂƚĚĂǇ͕ǁĂƐĂƚŝƚƐŚŝŐŚĞƐƚƐƚĂƚĞŽĨƌĞĂĚŝŶĞƐƐ͘dŚĞĐƌĞǁĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞĚǀĞƌďĂůĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚƌĞĞ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂŶǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚŶĞĂƌďǇ͘dŚĞDĂůĂǇƐŝĂŶƐŚŝƉƐǁĞƌĞƉĞƌƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ͕ďƵƚZ^^BraveƐƚŽŽĚ ŝƚƐŐƌŽƵŶĚ͘ǀĞƌǇĐƌĞǁŽŶZ^^BraveƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚƚŚĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ ŌĞƌƐĞǀĞƌĂůƚĞŶƐĞŚŽƵƌƐ͕ƚŚĞǀĞƌĚŝĐƚǁĂƐŽƵƚʹWĞĚƌĂƌĂŶĐĂǁĂƐĂǁĂƌĚĞĚƚŽ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘ŽƚŚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚƚŚĞũƵĚŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƚŚĞDĂůĂǇƐŝĂŶǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐĚƵůǇůĞŌ͘ 28 Defending Our Everyday – Safeguarding Singapore’s Maritime Security

tĂƚĐŚŝŶŐKƵƌ^ƚƌĂŝƚ>ŝŬĞĂ,ĂǁŬ

An /ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞͲclass liƩ oral mission vessel in the Singapore Strait͘

dŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞEĂǀǇŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐĂǀŝŐŝůĂŶƚǁĂƚĐŚϮϰͬϳŽǀĞƌƚŚĞŶĂƌƌŽǁĂŶĚďƵƐǇ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͘

dŚĞZ^EĚŽĞƐƚŚŝƐƵƐŝŶŐƐŚŝƉƐĂƚƐĞĂ͕ĂŶĚƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐŚƵďƐĂƐŚŽƌĞ͘dŚĞƐĞ ŚƵďƐŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƌĂĚĂƌƐ͕ĞůĞĐƚƌŽͲŽƉƟĐƐƐĞŶƐŽƌƐĂŶĚƐŵĂƌƚƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͘

DŽƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůǇ͕ƚŚĞEĂǀǇĚŽĞƐŶŽƚǁŽƌŬĂůŽŶĞ͘dŚĞZ^EĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞWŽůŝĐĞŽĂƐƚ'ƵĂƌĚĂŶĚƚŚĞDĂƌŝƟŵĞĂŶĚWŽƌƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇŽĨ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚůĞĂĚƐƚŚĞǁŚŽůĞͲŽĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĞīŽƌƚƚŽŬĞĞƉ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞƐĂĨĞĨƌŽŵŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘

ZŽďďĞƌǇĂƚ^ĞĂ

Patrol vessel RSS ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ invesƟ gaƟ ng the sea robbery on DalaysianͲŇ agged tugboat WĞƌŵĂƚĂϭ͘

KŶϭƐƚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϱ͕ǁŚŝůĞŽŶƉĂƚƌŽů͕ƉĂƚƌŽůǀĞƐƐĞůZ^^ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶĞĚŝŶĂƌŽďďĞƌǇ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂŶͲŇĂŐŐĞĚƚƵŐďŽĂƚWĞƌŵĂƚĂϭ͘^ĞĞŝŶŐZ^^Resilience ĂƉƉĞĂƌĂƚƚŚĞƐĐĞŶĞ͕ ƚŚĞƉĞƌƉĞƚƌĂƚŽƌƐŇĞĚƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂŶǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘

/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚǁĂƐƐŚĂƌĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂŶEĂǀǇ͕ƚŚĞZŽǇĂů DĂůĂǇƐŝĂŶ EĂǀǇĂŶĚƚŚĞDĂůĂǇƐŝĂŶDĂƌŝƟŵĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚŐĞŶĐǇ͘dŚĞƉĞƌƉĞƚƌĂƚŽƌƐǁĞƌĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇ ĂƌƌĞƐƚĞĚĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƚŽůĞŶĐĂƌŐŽƌĞĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ͘ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 29

tŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞED^^͕ƚŚĞ,ŽŵĞĨƌŽŶƚƌŝƐŝƐ ďĞĞŶǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŽŶŝƐĂǁŚŽůĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƐǇƐƚĞŵ͘ ǆĞĐƵƟǀĞ 'ƌŽƵƉ ĨŽƌ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ dŚĂƚ ŵĞĂŶƐ ƚŚĞ ŽŵŵĂŶĚͲĂŶĚͲŽŶƚƌŽů͕ ƚŚĞ ΀,';DĂƌ^ĞĐͿ΁ǁĂƐĐƌĞĂƚĞĚƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƵŶŝƚǇ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ŐĞƫŶŐƚŚĞŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ͕ƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐ ŽĨƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĂŶĚƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĞƐŚŝƉƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĐŽŵŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚŽĨ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ,ŽŵĞ īĂŝƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĨĞŶĐĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ΀ĂŶĚ΁ ƚŚĞ ůŝƩůĞ ďŽĂƚƐ ʹ ĮŶĚŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐ͘ /Ŷ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŽĨ ,' ;DĂƌ^ĞĐͿ͕ ƚŚĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŽŶĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƐƵƐƉŝĐŝŽƵƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŶŐ ZÊĂƐƐƵŵĞƐƚŚĞůĞĂĚŝŶƚŚĞƌŝƐŝƐDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĞŵ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐƐƵƌĞŶŽƚŚŝŶŐŝƐĂŵŝƐƐ͘ŶĚƚŚĂƚ 'ƌŽƵƉ ;DĂƌ^ĞĐͿ ǁŝƚŚ ŚŝĞĨ ŽĨ EĂǀǇ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŝƐƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŐŽĞƐŽŶĚĂǇĂŌĞƌĚĂǇ͕Ϯϰ ƌŝƐŝƐ DĂŶĂŐĞƌ͕ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƵŶŝĮĞĚ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ŚŽƵƌƐ Ă ĚĂǇ͕ ƋƵŝĞƚůǇ͕ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƌĞĂůŝƐŝŶŐŝƚ͘͟ϭ ĐŽŶƟŶŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘ /Ŷ ϮϬϭϱ͕ ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ,ŝŐŚĐƌĞƐƚ ůŽŽŬĞĚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ >ŝŶŬĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌͲŽƉĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌůǇ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ,ŝŐŚĐƌĞƐƚ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂŵƵůƟͲƉƌŽŶŐĞĚƚĞƌƌŽƌĂƩĂĐŬ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐĞƌŝĞƐ͕ĂũŽŝŶƚĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞďǇƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌǇ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐĞĂ͘/ƚŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚĂďŽƵƚϵϬϬƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ŽĨ,ŽŵĞīĂŝƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌǇŽĨĞĨĞŶĐĞ͘ ĨƌŽŵϭϱĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚƚŚĞ^&ĂŶĚ dŚĞƐĞƌŝĞƐƚĞƐƚƐƚŚĞĂďŝůŝƚǇŽĨƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ƚŚĞZÊ͕ƚŚĞ^W&͕ƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŝǀŝůĞĨĞŶĐĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐƚŽƉůĂŶĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞ &ŽƌĐĞ͕ƚŚĞ/͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞƵƐƚŽŵƐ͕ĂŶĚ ǁŚŽůĞͲŽĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ƚŚĞDW͘ϮϬϭϳ͛ƐĞĚŝƟŽŶŽĨǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ,ŝŐŚĐƌĞƐƚ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ͕ ƚĞƐƚĞĚƚŚĞĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͛ĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐƚ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĚĞĂůŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐĞĂŝŶĂƌĂŶŐĞŽĨŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘ ƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐŵƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĂŶŝŶĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶ ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ,ŝŐŚĐƌĞƐƚƐĞƌŝĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƐĞĂ͕ ĂŶĚ Ă ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂů ĂƩĂĐŬ ŽŶ ďŽĂƌĚ Ă ĂƌĞĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇĞǀŽůǀŝŶŐƚŽƌĞŇĞĐƚƚŚĞĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĨĞƌƌǇ͘dŚĞƐĞĂĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŽŶĂůƐŽƐŚŽǁĐĂƐĞĚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͘ &Žƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ŚŽǁĂƌĞƉŽƌƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ^'^ĞĐƵƌĞƉƉǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ED^^ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ƵƐĞĚƚŽĐŽƌƌŽďŽƌĂƚĞƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨĂƚĞƌƌŽƌ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĂƚƐĞĂŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŽĐƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌ ƚŚƌĞĂƚ͘ ŝŶƚŽƚŚĞůĂŶĚĚŽŵĂŝŶ͕ĂƐǁĂƐƚŚĞĐĂƐĞŝŶƚŚĞ ϮϬϬϴDƵŵďĂŝĂƩĂĐŬƐ͘/ŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ͕ƚŚĞED^^ dŚĞED^^ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞƐŝƚƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚǁŽ ŚĂƐĞǆƉĂŶĚĞĚƚŚĞƐĐŽƉĞŽĨŝƚƐĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŬĞǇƚĞŶĞƚƐ͗;ϭͿ^ƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞĂŶĚ^ĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ͖ ƚŽ ĚĞĂů ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚƌĞĂƚ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĂƩĂĐŬƐ ĂŶĚ;ϮͿZĞĂĚǇĂŶĚZĂƉŝĚZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞ ƐƚƌĂĚĚůĞďŽƚŚůĂŶĚĂŶĚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ͘ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞƚǁŽĐŽƌĞŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ ED^^͗ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ^ĞŶƐĞͲDĂŬŝŶŐ dŚŝƐƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽǁĂƐĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĚŝŶǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ 'ƌŽƵƉ;ED^'ͿĂŶĚƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůDĂƌŝƟŵĞ ,ŝŐŚĐƌĞƐƚϮϬϭϯǁŚĞƌĞŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϭ͕ϲϬϬ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ'ƌŽƵƉ;EDK'Ϳ͘ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ĨƌŽŵ ϮϬ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ƚŽŽŬ ƉĂƌƚ͘dŚĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ d,ED^^͗^hZs/>>EE ŽĨĂĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĂŶĚůĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ Ê^ͲDĞĞ,ƐŝĞŶ>ŽŽŶŐŚĂĚ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚƚŚĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŵŵĞŶƚĞĚŽŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͘ ĞŶƐĞ ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉůŝĐĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞED^^ĂƐĂƉůĂƞŽƌŵǁŚĞƌĞĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐĐŽƵůĚ ĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͕ǁŚŝůĞƚŚĞƉƌŽǆŝŵŝƚǇŽĨƚŚĞ ǁŽƌŬ ƐĞĂŵůĞƐƐůǇ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͗ ͞tŚĂƚ ǁĞ͛ǀĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ^ƚƌĂŝƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͛Ɛ ĐŝƚǇ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ 30 Defending Our Everyday – Safeguarding Singapore’s Maritime Security

ĂŶĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐƌĞĚƵĐĞƐƚŚĞƟŵĞ DĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ĂƌĞ ŵƵůƟĨĂĐĞƚĞĚ͕ ƌĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇ ĞǆƉůŽƐŝǀĞͲůĂĚĞŶ ƐŵĂůů ďŽĂƚƐ ƚŽ ŚŝũĂĐŬĞĚ ĐƌŽƐƐͲĚŽŵĂŝŶĂŶĚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ŵĞƌĐŚĂŶƚǀĞƐƐĞůƐƌŝŐŐĞĚĂƐ͚ŇŽĂƟŶŐďŽŵďƐ͛͘ ĞĂůŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƵĐŚ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ Ă ŵƵůƟƉůĞĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐƚŽ ƌŽďƵƐƚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĨŽƌ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƌĞĂƚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞůǇ͘ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĞŶĂďůĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ǁĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĐƵĞ ƟŵĞůǇĂŶĚĞīĞĐƟǀĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ͘ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐƚŽĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ͕ĚĞƚĞƌ ĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĚŝĐƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘ &ŽƌŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĚŽŵĂŝŶĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŽĨƐŚŽƌĞͲďĂƐĞĚƌĂĚĂƌƐ &ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ĂŌĞƌĂƐǇŶĚŝĐĂƚĞŽĨƐŝǆŵĞŶ ĂŶĚĞůĞĐƚƌŽͲŽƉƟĐƐƚŽŬĞĞƉĂĐůŽƐĞǁĂƚĐŚ ǁĂƐ ĂƌƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŽŶ ϱƚŚƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϲŝŶĂƚĂŵ͕ ŽǀĞƌ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘dŚĞZÊ͛ƐĐŽĂƐƚĂů /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ ĨŽƌ Ă ƌŽĐŬĞƚ ĂƩĂĐŬ ƉůŽƚ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ŝƐ ĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ďǇ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐDĂƌŝŶĂĂǇĂƌĞĂ͕ƚŚĞED^' ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ĐŚĞĐŬƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ED^'͕ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽĂŵĂůŐĂŵĂƚĞǁĞĂŬƐŝŐŶĂůƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƐŝǆŵĞŶ͘dŚĞĐŚĞĐŬƐƵŶĐŽǀĞƌĞĚĂ ĂŶĚ͚ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŚĞĚŽƚƐ͛ƚŽĚĞƚĞĐƚĂŶŽŵĂůŽƵƐ ŵĂƐƚĞƌ ŽĨ Ă ĨĞƌƌǇ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƵƐƉŝĐŝŽƵƐ ůŝŶŬƐ ƚŽ ĂĐƟǀŝƚǇĂŶĚďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌŝŶƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĚŽŵĂŝŶ͘ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌƉĞƚƌĂƚŽƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ED^' ŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƚŚĞ dŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƐƚŽŽĚƌĞĂĚǇƚŽďŽĂƌĚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĞŶĂďůĞƚŚĞZÊƚŽĐƵĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ͘ ĂŶĚĚĞƚĂŝŶƚŚĞŵĂƐƚĞƌĨŽƌŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞ ŵĂƐƚĞƌĚŝĚŶŽƚĂƌƌŝǀĞĂƐƉůĂŶŶĞĚ͕ďƵƚŚĂƐƐŝŶĐĞ dŚĞ ED^' ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞƐ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ŽĨ ďĞĞŶƉůĂĐĞĚŽŶƚŽĂǁĂƚĐŚůŝƐƚ͘ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌĞĚďǇŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ͕ /ŶϮϬϭϲ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞĂůƐŽŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞƐǁŚĞƌĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐǀŽǇĂŐĞ͕ŽǁŶĞƌ͕ĐƌĞǁĂŶĚĐĂƌŐŽĚĂƚĂ͘ ƚŚĞ ED^' ĐƵĞĚ ƚŚĞ / ƚŽ ŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƚĞ dŽĚĂǇ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞƐ ƚŽ Ă ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ ŽĨ ŵŽƌĞ ĚŝƐĐƌĞƉĂŶĐŝĞƐ ŝŶ ǀĞƐƐĞů ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ƚŚĂŶϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬǀĞƐƐĞůƐ͕ĨƌŽŵǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞED^'ŝƐ ;ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉĞƌƐŽŶĂƉƉĞĂƌŝŶŐŽŶƚǁŽ ĂďůĞƚŽĂŶĂůǇƐĞĂŶĚƐĞĂƌĐŚĨŽƌĂŶŽŵĂůŝĞƐ͘dŚĞ ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĐƌĞǁŵĂŶŝĨĞƐƚƐĂƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞͿ͘ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐŽĨƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚĚĂƚĂŝƐĂƵŐŵĞŶƚĞĚďǇ DŽƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĨŽƵŶĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞĐƚ ŚƵŵĂŶ ĞƌƌŽƌƐ͘ EŽŶĞƚŚĞůĞƐƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĂŶŽŵĂůŽƵƐ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƐƵƐƉŝĐŝŽƵƐ ĚĞƚĞĐƚƐƵĐŚĂŶŽŵĂůŝĞƐĂŵŽŶŐƐƚƚŚĞƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĐǇďĞƌƚƌĂŝůƐ͘ ŽĨƐŚŝƉƐƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŶŐƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚƚĞƐƟĮĞƐ ƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďůĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨĚĂƚĂĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐ ĞƐŝĚĞƐƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚĚĂƚĂ͕ƚŚĞED^' ŝŶƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ͘ ŚĂƐ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞĚ ĚĂƚĂ ĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽŝƚ ƵŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚ ĚĂƚĂ Ͷ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ d,ED^^͗ZzEZW/ ͶŝŶƚŚĞĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨŝŶƚĞŶƚ͘ Z^WKE^ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞED^'ĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐůǇƌĞĮŶĞƐ ĞǇŽŶĚ ƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚƌĞĂƚ ƉƌŽĮůĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ ƚŽ ƵŶĐŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞZÊĞŶƐƵƌĞƐƌĞĂĚǇĂŶĚƌĂƉŝĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐƚŽ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŚƌĞĂƚƐǁŝƚŚĨĞǁƚĞůůͲƚĂůĞƐŝŐŶƐŽƌ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐŝŶƚǁŽǁĂǇƐ͘&ŝƌƐƚůǇ͕ ŽĨ ůŽǁ ƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ĚĞƉůŽǇƐ Ă ƐƵŝƚĞ ŽĨ ŶĂǀĂů ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ED^'͛Ɛ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ͚ƐŚŽǁͲŽĨͲƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞ͛ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŝŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŽƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƋƵŝĐŬůǇ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 31

Eǆercise ,ighcrest ϮϬϭϳ ;Courtesy of PIONEERͿ 32 Defending Our Everyday – Safeguarding Singapore’s Maritime Security

KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŶŬĂŐĞƐ dŚĞ WsƐ ĂƌĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐĞĚ ŵĂƌŝŶĞ ĐƌĂŌ͕ ƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ĂŶĚũŽŝŶƚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐĂƌĞ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ dŚĞǇ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ZÊ͛Ɛ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝŶƚĞƌĚŝĐƚŚŝŐŚͲƐƉĞĞĚďŽĂƚƐĂƚƐĞĂ͘dŚĞZÊ͛Ɛ ĐĐŽŵƉĂŶǇŝŶŐ^ĞĂ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇdĞĂŵƐ;^^ĞdƐͿ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌŝŶƚĞƌͲĂŐĞŶĐǇ ĂůƐŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌ ďŽĂƌĚŝŶŐ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ͘ ŽŶƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚŵĞƌĐŚĂŶƚǀĞƐƐĞůƐĨŽƌƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĐŚĞĐŬƐƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĂƌĞĨƌĞĞŽĨŚŽƐƟůĞ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘dŚĞƐĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞĐƵĞĚďǇƉƌĞͲ ƚŽ ĂŶǇ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ Žƌ ƐĂĨĞƚǇ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ǀŝĂ ĚĂƚĂ ĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐĂŶĚ Ăƚ ƐĞĂ͘ ^ĞĐŽŶĚůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ǁŚŽůĞͲŽĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŶƐƵƌŝŶŐƐĂĨĞƚǇŽĨƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞEDK'͘ ^ƚƌĂŝƚĂůƐŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐŬĞĞƉŝŶŐŝƚĨƌĞĞŽĨŵŝŶĞƐ͘ dŚĞBedok-ĐůĂƐƐŵŝŶĞĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞǀĞƐƐĞůƐ dŽƉƌŽũĞĐƚĚĞƚĞƌƌĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĨŽƌƌĂƉŝĚ ;DDsƐͿ͕ĞƋƵŝƉƉĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨƵůůƐƵŝƚĞŽĨŵŝŶĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ĚĞƉůŽǇƐ ŝƚƐ Fearless-ĐůĂƐƐƉĂƚƌŽůǀĞƐƐĞůƐ;WsƐͿĚĂŝůǇƚŽ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ZDh^ ĂƵƚŽŶŽŵŽƵƐ ƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ ƉĂƚƌŽůƐŝŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘tŚŝůĞŽŶƉĂƚƌŽů͕ ;hsƐͿĂŶĚĞǆƉĞŶĚĂďůĞŵŝŶĞĚŝƐƉŽƐĂůƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƚŚĞZÊ͛ƐƐŚŝƉƐĂůƐŽĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽ^ĂĨĞƚǇŽĨ>ŝĨĞ ;D^Ϳ͕ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚƌĞŐƵůĂƌƐǁĞĞƉƐĂŶĚƐƵƌǀĞǇƐŽĨ Ăƚ^ĞĂŽƌ^K>^͘/ŶϮϬϭϱ͕ĂZÊWsƌĞƐĐƵĞĚƚŚĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘tŚĞŶƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ͕ƚŚĞZÊ͛Ɛ ĮǀĞĐƌĞǁŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨĂĮƐŚŝŶŐƚƌĂǁůĞƌ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ŶĂǀĂůĚŝǀĞƌƐƉŽƐƐĞƐƐƚŚĞĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ŚĂĚ ĐĂƉƐŝǌĞĚ ŝŶ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ǁĂƚĞƌƐ Žī WĞĚƌĂ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌͲƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐŵ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƌĂŶĐĂ͘ ŶĞƵƚƌĂůŝƐĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĂƚƌĂŶŐĞ͘

The RSN deploys a range of assets and capabiliƟ es to safeguard mariƟ me security in Singapore’s waters in Ϯϰͬϳ mariƟ me security operaƟ ons͘ Clockwise from top leŌ ͗ The &ĞĂƌůĞƐƐ-class patrol vessel͖ the specialised marine craŌ ͖ boarding operaƟ ons conducted by the Accompanying Sea Security Teams͖ and the ĞĚŽŬ-class mine countermeasure vessel͘ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 33

LiƩoral mission vessel RSS /ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ and the Police Coast 'uard respond to a simulated mariƟme security threat during Eǆercise ,ighcrest ϮϬϭϳ͘ As mariƟme security involves areas of responsibility of various naƟonal agencies, Singapore takes a whole-of-government approach to mariƟme security in the Singapore Strait͘ The RSN works closely with various mariƟme agencies͘

dŚĞƐĞ ĂƐƐĞƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĨĂůů ƵŶĚĞƌ dŚĞZ^EĚĞƉůŽǇƐĂƐƵŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŽĨŶĂǀĂůĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ dĂƐŬ &ŽƌĐĞ ;D^d&Ϳ͕ Ă ^& ƚĂƐŬ ĨŽƌĐĞ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶϮϬϬϵƚŽƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ƚŽĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ͞ƐŚŽǁͲŽĨͲ ĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŵďĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞ͟ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŝŶ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĂŶĚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͘dŚĞD^d& ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌƐĂŶĚ ǁŽƌŬƐĐůŽƐĞůǇǁŝƚŚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁͲ ƚŽƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƋƵŝĐŬůǇƚŽ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĂŶǇŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽƌ ƚŚĞDW͕/͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞƵƐƚŽŵƐĂŶĚW'͘ ƐĂĨĞƚǇŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚĂƚƐĞĂ͘ dŚĞEDK'ŝƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌŽƌĐŚĞƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ ǁŚŽůĞͲŽĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ƌĂŶŐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵŵĂƌŝƟŵĞŝŶƚĞƌĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨŚŝũĂĐŬĞĚ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ŽŶ Ă ĚĂŝůǇ ďĂƐŝƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂů ǀĞƐƐĞůƐƚŽŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐĂƌĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĚ͘ ŝŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ũŽŝŶƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƉůĂŶƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ĞĞƉ ^ĂďƌĞ ŝƐ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ ŽĨ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶĞŶǀŝƐĂŐĞĚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚŚƌĞĂƚ Ă ŵƵůƟͲĂŐĞŶĐǇ ĂŶĚ ŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ͘ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ůŝŶŬĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ũŽŝŶƚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ WƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞĞŶĂƟŽŶƐƚŽĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌͲĂŐĞŶĐǇ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ ǁĞĂƉŽŶƐŽĨŵĂƐƐĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͘ 34 Defending Our Everyday – Safeguarding Singapore’s Maritime Security t,K>ͳK&ͳKDDhE/dzE Ăŝƌ ƉĂƚƌŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞ D^W Dh>d/Ed/KE>KͳKWZd/KE ŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐƌĞĚŝƚĞĚĨŽƌĚƌĂƐƟĐĂůůǇƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐƚŚĞ

DĂƌŝƟŵĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĂƌĞĂůƐŽƚƌĂŶƐŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚ ŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉŝƌĂĐǇĂŶĚƐĞĂƌŽďďĞƌǇŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐŝŶ ĐƌŽƐƐͲďŽƵŶĚĂƌǇ ŝŶ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ͘ ĞǇŽŶĚ Ă ǁŚŽůĞͲ ƚŚĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚƐŽĨDĂůĂĐĐĂĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĨƌŽŵĂ ŽĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŚŝŐŚŽĨϯϴŝŶϮϬϬϰƚŽŽŶĞŝŶϮϬϭϰ͘ ǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂŶĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ dĞŶ ǇĞĂƌƐ ŽŶ͕ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ;ĨŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐͿ ůŝƩŽƌĂůƐƚĂƚĞƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽďĞƐƚƌŽŶŐ͘&ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĂƌĞũƵƐƚĂƐĐƌƵĐŝĂů͘ ĂƐƉĂƚĞŽĨŽŝůͲƐŝƉŚŽŶŝŶŐŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϱ͕ƚŚĞ

ƚƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůůĞǀĞů͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŚĂƐǁŽƌŬĞĚ ůŝƩŽƌĂů ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶĞĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ĐůŽƐĞůǇǁŝƚŚŝƚ ƐŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌƐƚŽĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͕ ƚŽ ĚƌŝǀĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘KŶĞĞǆĂŵƉůĞŝƐƚŚĞDĂůĂĐĐĂ^ƚƌĂŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƐƵĐŚ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ŶĞĂƌ ǌĞƌŽ WĂƚƌŽů;D^WͿʹĂƐĞƚŽĨƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϲ͘ ƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ϭϬƚŚD^WŶŶŝǀĞƌƐĂƌǇ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶďǇ/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕DĂůĂǇƐŝĂ͕ ŽŵŵĞŵŽƌĂƟǀĞǀĞŶƚƐŝŶƉƌŝůϮϬϭϲ͕ƚŚĞD^W ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶĚdŚĂŝůĂŶĚƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƌĞĂĸƌŵĞĚƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨƚŚĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚƐŽĨDĂůĂĐĐĂĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘ ƚŽ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ^ƚĂƌƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ ƐĞĂ ƉĂƚƌŽůƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ D^W D^WŚĂƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚŽǀĞƌƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐƚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŽ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ͚ǇĞƐͲŝŶͲƚŚĞͲ^ŬǇ͛ ;ŝ^Ϳ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘

The RSN regularly conducts eǆercises such as Eǆercise Deep Sabre to strengthen its operaƟonal linkages with other mariƟme agencies as well as other navies͘ This enables more eīecƟve joint responses to mariƟme threats in the future͘ During Eǆercise Deep Sabre ϮϬϭϲ, special forces conducted a combined helicopter and fast boat boarding of a ͞suspicious” vessel carrying materials related to weapons of mass destrucƟon͘ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 35

DĂƌŝƟŵĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĂƌĞĂůƐŽ ƚƌĂŶƐŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĐƌŽƐƐͲ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌǇŝŶŶĂƚƵƌĞ͘͘͘ ΀,ĞŶĐĞ͕΁ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇĂƌĞĐƌƵĐŝĂů͘ A Royal Dalaysian Air Force oĸcer working with an RSN TacƟcal CoordinaƟon Oĸcer aboard the Fokker-ϱϬ dŚĞZ^EƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƐƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨ mariƟme patrol aircraŌ on an ͚Eyes-in-the-Sky’ Ňight sorƟe͘ DulƟlateral cooperaƟon is key to targeƟng mariƟme ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌŝŶŐĂŶĚƐŚĂƌĞĚĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ threats, which are oŌen trans-boundary in nature͘ ƚŽ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ KǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ǇĞĂƌƐ͕ ƚŚĞ /& ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ ,ĞŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ &ƵƐŝŽŶ ĞǆƉĂŶĚĞĚƚŚĞƐĐŽƉĞŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ ĞŶƚƌĞ;/&ͿǁĂƐƐĞƚƵƉŝŶϮϬϬϵ͘dŚĞ/&ŚĂƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĚĞĂů ǁŝƚŚ ďƌŽĂĚĞƌ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ Ă ŵƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂů ĂŶĚ ƉĂŶͲĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘ƐŽĨ ƉůĂƞŽƌŵ ĨŽƌ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ĂŶĚ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϳ͕ƚŚĞ/&ŚĂƐŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŶŬĂŐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶ ϳϬ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƌĞŐŝŽŶƚŽĚĞĞƉĞŶŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌŝŶŐĂŶĚ ϯϵĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘dŚĞ/&ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞZ^E ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ƚŽ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĂƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƵƌdĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů>ĞĂĚŝŶŐEĂǀŝĞƐ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ ŽĨƚŚĞdƌĂŶƐͲZĞŐŝŽŶĂůDĂƌŝƟŵĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬ

The InternaƟonal Fusion Centre at Changi Naval Base provides a mulƟlateral plaƞorm for partners to share informaƟon and coordinate responses to mariƟme security incidents͘ 36 Defending Our Everyday – Safeguarding Singapore’s Maritime Security

;dͲZDEͿ͕ǁŚŝĐŚďƌŝŶŐƐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ;ZĞWͿĂŶĚƚŚĞh<,ǇĚƌŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐKĸĐĞƚŽ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐƚŽĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŐůŽďĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ ĚŵŝƌĂůƚǇ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ŚĂƌƚƐ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ͘^ŝŶĐĞŝƚƐŝŶĐĞƉƟŽŶ ĞŝŐŚƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĐŚĂƌƚƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ǇĞĂƌƐĂŐŽ͕ƚŚĞ/&ŚĂƐƐĞĞŶŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϭϭϱ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƌŝƐŬ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůŝĂŝƐŽŶŽĸĐĞƌƐĨƌŽŵϮϯĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚƚŽ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŽŶĂƌŽƚĂƟŽŶĂůďĂƐŝƐ͘ ŶƵŵďĞƌƐ͕ƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚŵĂƌŝŶĞƌƐƚŽĐŽŶĚƵĐƚƐĂĨĞ

WĂŶͲĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͕ƚŚĞ/&ĂůƐŽ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌůǇ ƉĂƐƐĂŐĞƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĨŽƌƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞƐ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŵĞĞƟŶŐƐǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ďƵŝůĚ ŵŝůŝƚĂƌǇ͕ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĂŶĚůĂǁĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŵĞĞƚǁŝƚŚ Ă ǀŝƌƚƵŽƵƐ ĐǇĐůĞ ŽĨ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚ ƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇƚŽ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌŝŶŐƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞ ƐŚĂƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘ ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ ƚƚŚĞƐĞŵĞĞƟŶŐƐ͕ďĞƐƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐŝŶƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ƐŚĂƌĞĚĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͘ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ĨŽƌ ŵĞƌĐŚĂŶƚ ƐŚŝƉƐ ĂƌĞ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚ ƐŽƚŚĂƚƐŚŝƉƐĐĂŶďĞƩĞƌƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐĂƚ KǀĞƌĂůů͕ ƚŚĞ /& ŚĂƐ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶĞĚ ƐĞĂ͘ ŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌͲĂŐĞŶĐǇ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ

/ŶϮϬϭϯ͕ƚŚĞ/&ǁŽƌŬĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĂŵŽŶŐƐƚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ĞǆƚƌĂͲƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚŽŶŽŵďĂƟŶŐWŝƌĂĐǇ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶ ƚƵƌŶ ŚĂƐ ůĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĂŶǇ ĂŶĚ ƌŵĞĚ ZŽďďĞƌǇ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ^ŚŝƉƐ ŝŶ ƐŝĂ ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͘

The IFC and its operaƟ onal linkages as of August ϮϬϭϳ͘ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 37

/E&KZDd/KE^,Z/E'/Ed/KE/E&KZDd/KE^,Z/E'/Ed/KE

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,K>/^d/WWZK,dK ŝŶƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĚŽŵĂŝŶ͘dŚĞZ^EǁŝůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ DZ/d/D^hZ/dz ƚŽ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŚŽůĞͲŽĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĂŶĚƐǇŶĞƌŐŝƐĞŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĞīŽƌƚƐ ƚŽ dŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐŽĨŵĂƌŝƟŵĞŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚǇĂŶĚ ƚĂĐŬůĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ǁŝůů ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ ŶĞǁ ůŝŶŬĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƚŚĞZ^EƚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵĂůůǇ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƌĞĨƌĞƐŚŝƚƐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐƚŽĚĞƚĞĐƚ͕ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇĂŶĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐďĞǇŽŶĚŝƚƐ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬĞĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞīĞĐƟǀĞůǇƚŽƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ďŽƌĚĞƌƐƚŽƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘ 38 Punching Above Our Weight on the Global Stage

Punching Above Our Weight on the Global Stage

dŽ ƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌĂƉŝĚůǇ ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ŐĞŽƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŝĂͲWĂĐŝĮĐƌĞŐŝŽŶƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞƐƚŽƚǁŽŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞZ^E͗ĮƌƐƚůǇ͕ƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĞƐĂĨĞĂŶĚĨƌĞĞĂĐ- ĐĞƐƐƚŽĐƌŝƟĐĂůǁĂƚĞƌǁĂǇƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĂƐƐĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂĚĞĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͖ĂŶĚƐĞĐŽŶĚůǇ͕ƚŽĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽĂ ƌƵůĞƐͲďĂƐĞĚŽƌĚĞƌĂƚƐĞĂ͕ŝŶůŝŶĞǁŝƚŚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůǇĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚŶŽƌŵƐĂŶĚůĞŐĂůĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƐƚŽƌĞĚƵĐĞ ŵŝƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƟŽŶƐĂƚƐĞĂ͘

ENSURING FREEDOM OF ACCESS TO /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕DĂůĂǇƐŝĂ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶĚdŚĂŝůĂŶĚ͘ WATERWAYS dŚĞD^WŝƐĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůŵŽĚĞůŽĨĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ Ă ŶĂƌƌŽǁ ǁĂƚĞƌǁĂǇ ƉĂƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ dŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵ ĂŶĚ ƐĂĨĞƚǇ ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌƐŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĂůůŝƩŽƌĂůƐƚĂƚĞƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞŝƚŚĂƐ ŶĂǀŝŐĂƟŽŶ ĂůŽŶŐ ǀŝƚĂů ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐ ƌŽƵƚĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĂƉƉůŝĞĚ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ůĂǁ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂŶĚďĞǇŽŶĚ͕ƚŚĞZÊŚĂƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ ŶŽƌŵƐƚŽĂůůŽǁĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶĐŽĂƐƚĂů ŝŶ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌͲƉŝƌĂĐǇ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ 'ƵůĨ ŽĨ ĚĞŶ ƐƚĂƚĞƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚŝŵƉŝŶŐŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞŝƌƐŽǀĞƌĞŝŐŶƚǇ͘ ƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂůŽŵďŝŶĞĚdĂƐŬ&ŽƌĐĞ ;d&ͿϭϱϭƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϬϵ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ŝƚƐ ŝŶĐĞƉƟŽŶ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϰ͕ ƚŚĞ D^W ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĐƌĞĚŝƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ dŚĞ^&ĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚĂŶEnduranceͲĐůĂƐƐ>^d ŝŶ ƉŝƌĂĐǇ ĂŶĚ ƐĞĂ ƌŽďďĞƌǇ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŝƚŚƚǁŽ^ƵƉĞƌWƵŵĂŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌƐŝŶϮϬϬϵ͕ϮϬϭϬ ^ƚƌĂŝƚƐŽĨDĂůĂĐĐĂĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘dŚĞD^W ĂŶĚϮϬϭϭ͕Ă&ŽŬŬĞƌͲϱϬŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƉĂƚƌŽůĂŝƌĐƌĂŌ ŚĂƐƐŝŶĐĞďĞĞŶƵƐĞĚĂƐĂǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŵŽĚĞůĨŽƌ ĚĞƚĂĐŚŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϭ͕ ĂŶĚ Ă FormidableͲĐůĂƐƐ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǁ ƚƌŝůĂƚĞƌĂů ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞǁŝƚŚĂ^ŝŬŽƌƐŬǇ^ͲϳϬ^ĞĂŚĂǁŬ ŶĂǀĂů ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ DĂůĂǇƐŝĂ ĂŶĚ ŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌŝŶϮϬϭϮĂŶĚϮϬϭϰ͘dŚĞƐĞƚĂƐŬŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƚŚĞWŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ͕ƚŽĚĞĂůǁŝƚŚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĐƌŝŵŝŶĂů ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚĂƌĞĂƉĂƚƌŽůƐĂŶĚƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŝŶƚŚĞ^ƵůƵ^ĞĂ͘tŚŝůĞƚŚĞD^WŚĂƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞĚ ƚŽ ĐĂůůƐ ĨŽƌ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƐŚŝƉƐ ƚŚĂƚĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌĞĚƉŝƌĂƚĞĂƩĂĐŬƐ͘EŽƚĂďůǇ͕ƚŚĞ dŚĞZÊŚĂƐƚǁŽ ZÊĂůƐŽĂƐƐƵŵĞĚĐŽŵŵĂŶĚŽĨd&ϭϱϭĨŽƵƌ ŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƐ͗ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƟŵĞƐ͕ŵŽƐƚƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇŝŶϮϬϭϲ͕ĂŶĚĞŶƐƵƌĞĚǌĞƌŽ ƉŝƌĂĐǇŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐĚƵƌŝŶŐŝƚƐƚĞŶƵƌĞƐ͘ ƐĂĨĞĂŶĚĨƌĞĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽ ĐƌŝƟĐĂůǁĂƚĞƌǁĂǇƐ͕ĂŶĚ ůŽƐĞƌ ƚŽ ŚŽŵĞ͕ ŽŶĞ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ ŽĨ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐƚŽĂƌƵůĞƐͲ ƚŚĞ DĂůĂĐĐĂ ^ƚƌĂŝƚƐ WĂƚƌŽů ;D^WͿ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ďĂƐĞĚŽƌĚĞƌĂƚƐĞĂ͘ 39 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 39

ďĞĞŶǀĞƌǇƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůŝŶĐŽŵďĂƟŶŐƉŝƌĂĐǇĂŶĚ ;/&ͿƚŽƐŚĂƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĞŶĂďůĞĂǁŚŽůĞͲ ƐĞĂƌŽďďĞƌǇ͕ƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĂŶĞĞĚƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚŝƚ ŽĨͲĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŝŶŐ ĐĂŶĂůƐŽĚĞĂůǁŝƚŚĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘dŚĞ/&ŝƐĂŶĞǆƵƐ ŝŶƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĚŽŵĂŝŶ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐŵĂƚ ĨŽƌƚŚĞƐŚĂƌŝŶŐŽĨƟŵĞͲĐƌŝƟĐĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽ ƚŚ ƐĞĂ͘ƚƚŚĞϭϬ ĂŶŶŝǀĞƌƐĂƌǇŽĨƚŚĞD^WŝŶϮϬϭϲ͕ ĐƵĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐƚŽŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ƚŚĞŵĞŵďĞƌƐƚĂƚĞƐĂĸƌŵĞĚƚŚĞŶĞĞĚƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞ ŽƌŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͘/ŶϮϬϭϳ͕ƚŚĞ/&ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚƚŚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ϲƚŚ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ^ŚĂƌŝŶŐ ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ŽĨƚŚĞD^W͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞZ^EŝƐĐŽŶƟŶƵŝŶŐ ŝƚƐ ;DZ/^yͿ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŶĂǀŝĞƐŽŶƚŚŝƐ͘ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐǁŝƚŚ ĞǇŽŶĚũŽŝŶƚƉĂƚƌŽůƐ͕ƟŵĞůǇ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐŶĂǀŝĞƐĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͘ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐŝƐĂŬĞǇĞŶĂďůĞƌƚŽƚĂĐŬůĞƚƌĂŶƐďŽƵŶĚĂƌǇ DŽƌĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ/&ĂƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘/ŶϮϬϬϵ͕ƚŚĞZ^E ĂƌƟĐůĞ͚ĞĨĞŶĚŝŶŐKƵƌǀĞƌǇĚĂǇʹ^ĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚŝŶŐ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ƚŚĞ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ &ƵƐŝŽŶ ĞŶƚƌĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐDĂƌŝƟŵĞ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͛͘

^ĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚŝŶŐKƵƌĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ>ŝĨĞůŝŶĞƐEĞĂƌĂŶĚ&Ăƌ

DĂũŽƌƐĞĂůĂŶĞƐƌĂĚŝĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ^ŽƵƚŚŚŝŶĂ^ĞĂƚŽƚŚĞĞĂƐƚĂŶĚ ŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ/ŶĚŝĂŶKĐĞĂŶƚŽƚŚĞǁĞƐƚ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞƚŚĞůŝĨĞůŝŶĞƐŽĨŽƵƌĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ͘

dŚĞEĂǀǇĚĞƉůŽǇƐĐůŽƐĞƚŽŚŽŵĞŝŶƚŚĞDĂůĂĐĐĂ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͕ĂŶĚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĂĮĞůĚŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨĚĞŶ ƚŽŬĞĞƉƚŚĞƐĞƐĞĂůĂŶĞƐĨƌĞĞ͘ŶǇĚŝƐƌƵƉƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƐĞƐĞĂůĂŶĞƐ͕ŶĞĂƌŽƌĨĂƌ͕ĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇĂīĞĐƚƐŽƵƌ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ͘ 40 Punching Above Our Weight on the Global Stage

Commander of CTF 1ϱ1 RADD Cheong Kwok Chien at a rouƟne operaƟons brief in 2Ϭ1ϲ͘ The RSN has assumed command of the mulƟnaƟonal naval task force four Ɵmes since it was established in 2ϬϬϵ to disrupt piracy and armed robbery at sea in the 'ulf of Aden͘ During its tenures, there were ǌero piracy incidents͘

CONTRIBUTING TO GOOD ORDER 'ŽŽĚŽƌĚĞƌĂƚƐĞĂ AT SEA ŝƐĐƌŝƟĐĂůŶŽƚŽŶůǇŝŶ 'ŽŽĚ ŽƌĚĞƌ Ăƚ ƐĞĂ ŝƐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ŝŶ ĐŽŵďĂƟŶŐƚŚƌĞĂƚƐƚŽ ĐŽŵďĂƟŶŐƚŚƌĞĂƚƐƚŽŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ďƵƚ ďƵƚĂůƐŽŝŶĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐĨƌĞĞĂŶĚŽƉĞŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽ ĂůƐŽŝŶĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐĨƌĞĞ ǀŝƚĂů ǁĂƚĞƌǁĂǇƐ͘ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŐĞŽƉŽůŝƟĐƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƚĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂů ĂŶĚŽƉĞŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐŚĂǀĞĂīĞĐƚĞĚƚƌƵƐƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶĐŽĂƐƚĂů ǀŝƚĂůǁĂƚĞƌǁĂǇƐഭ͘͘͘dŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ͕ǁŝƚŚŝŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ Z^EŚĂƐƐŽƵŐŚƚƚŽƉůĂǇ ŽĨƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĐŽŵŵŽŶƐ͘tŚŝůĞƚŚĞƐĞ ĂĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟǀĞƌŽůĞŝŶ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ǁŝůů ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉŽůŝƟĐĂůĂŶĚĚŝƉůŽŵĂƟĐĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐ͕ŝƚŝƐ ĞīŽƌƚƐƚŽƐŚĂƉĞĂŶ ŝŶĐƵŵďĞŶƚŽŶŶĂǀŝĞƐƚŽǁŽƌŬƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌƚŽďƵŝůĚ ƚƌƵƐƚĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞƚĞŶƐŝŽŶƐĂƚƐĞĂ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐƌĞŐĂƌĚ͕ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ƚŚĞZ^EŚĂƐƐŽƵŐŚƚƚŽƉůĂǇĂĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟǀĞƌŽůĞ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ͘ ŝŶĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĞīŽƌƚƐƚŽƐŚĂƉĞĂŶ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ͘ 41 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 41

Fast boats carrying the Special Forces of parƟcipaƟng ADDD-Plus countries closing in on the simulated ͚hijacked’ merchant vessel during the ADDD-Plus sea eǆercise in the South China Sea held in Day 2Ϭ1ϲ͘ Such eǆercises deepen understanding between parƟcipaƟng countries, contribuƟng to their ability to ensure mariƟme security together͘ hƟůŝƐŝŶŐDƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂůDĂƌŝƟŵĞ &ƌŽŵϮϬϭϳƚŽϮϬϮϬ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞǁŝůůĐŽͲĐŚĂŝƌ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇWůĂƞŽƌŵ ƚŚĞ DDͲWůƵƐ ǆƉĞƌƚƐ͛ tŽƌŬŝŶŐ 'ƌŽƵƉ ŽŶ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ;t'ͲD^ͿǁŝƚŚƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐ DƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂů ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ŽĨ <ŽƌĞĂ͘ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ĂŶĚ <ŽƌĞĂ ǁŝůů ďƵŝůĚ ŽŶ ĂŶĐŚŽƌƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͘ ƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚďǇƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐt'ͲD^ dŚĞZÊŚĂƐĂĐƟǀĞůǇƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚƚŚĞƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚƐŝĂŶEĂƟŽŶƐ;ÊͿĞĨĞŶĐĞ ĐŽͲĐŚĂŝƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ Ăŝŵ ƚŽ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ DŝŶŝƐƚĞƌƐ͛DĞĞƟŶŐͲWůƵƐ;DDͲWůƵƐͿ ŵŽŵĞŶƚƵŵ ŽĨ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ŵŝůŝƚĂƌǇͲƚŽͲŵŝůŝƚĂƌǇ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƚŚĞƚĞŶÊ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ŵĞŵďĞƌ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŝŐŚƚ ŬĞǇ ĞǆƚƌĂͲƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŶŽƌŵƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƌĞƐƉĞĐƚĨŽƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂǁ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞƐŝĂWĂĐŝĮĐƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŬĞǇ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨƚŚĞŽĚĞĨŽƌhŶƉůĂŶŶĞĚŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐĂƚ /Ŷ DĂǇ ϮϬϭϲ͕ ƌƵŶĞŝ ĂŶĚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ĐŽͲ ^ĞĂ ;h^Ϳ ďǇ Ăůů DDͲWůƵƐ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚŽƐƚĞĚ Ă ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ DDͲWůƵƐ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƚŚĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽĨĂDĂƌŝƟŵĞ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂŶĚŽƵŶƚĞƌͲdĞƌƌŽƌŝƐŵǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƚŽ ĂŶĚ Ă DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ďƵŝůĚŝŶƚĞƌŽƉĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇĂŶĚƐŚĂƌƉĞŶŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐǁŝůůĚĞĞƉĞŶĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ͘dŚĞĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞǁĂƐƚŚĞ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘ ůĂƌŐĞƐƚDDʹWůƵƐĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƚŽĚĂƚĞ͕ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů͕ ϭϴ ŶĂǀĂů /ŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨǁĞĂƉŽŶƐŽĨŵĂƐƐ ǀĞƐƐĞůƐ͕ϮϱĂŝƌĐƌĂŌĂŶĚϰϬ^ƉĞĐŝĂů&ŽƌĐĞƐƚĞĂŵƐ ĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ;tDͿ͕^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞ ĨƌŽŵĂůůϭϴDDʹWůƵƐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘ Ɛŝǆ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŝĂͲWĂĐŝĮĐ WƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶ 42 Punching Above Our Weight on the Global Stage

^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ;W^/Ϳ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ǆƉĞƌƚƐ ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů ƚŽ ŐƵŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƐŚŝƉƐ ĂŶĚ 'ƌŽƵƉ ;K'Ϳ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƐŝĂͲWĂĐŝĮĐ ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ƌĞĚƵĐĞƚŚĞƌŝƐŬŽĨŵŝƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƟŽŶĂƚƐĞĂ͘/Ŷ ZŽƚĂƟŽŶ;WZͿĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͕ƚŚĞZÊŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨ h^ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ϮϬϭϱ ĞĚŝƟŽŶ ŽĨ tD^y͕ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ hŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĂŵďŝƚŽĨWZ͕ƚŚĞZÊŚŽƐƚĞĚ ƟŵĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůǁĂƐƉƌĂĐƟƐĞĚŝŶĂ ƚŚĞ ŵƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂů W^/ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ĐŽĚĞŶĂŵĞĚ ŵƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂůĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐϭϲĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘ ĞĞƉ^ĂďƌĞŝŶϮϬϭϲ͘dŚŝƐĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ DŽƌĞƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ͕h^ǁĂƐƉƌĂĐƟƐĞĚŽŶĂ ŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶ ϴϬϬ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ Ϯϭ ŶĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌƐĐĂůĞŝŶƚŚĞtD^yϮϬϭϳŝŶDĂǇϮϬϭϳ͕ ƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐŝǆWZŶĂƟŽŶƐ͕ϭϮŽƚŚĞƌW^/ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŽĨϮϲƐŚŝƉƐĨƌŽŵϮϬ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞĞŶĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƚŚƌĞĞŶŽŶͲW^/ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞĞ tWE^ ŵĞŵďĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞƌ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ͘ tD^y ϮϬϭϳ ǁĂƐ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĐŽŶũƵŶĐƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂůŐƌŽƵƉƐĂŝůƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁĞƌĞůĞĚ ŶĚͲƚŽͲĞŶĚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĨƌŽŵĂƚĂďůĞͲƚŽƉ ďǇƚŚƌĞĞZÊĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐƉƌŝŽƌƚŽƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶŽŶŬĞǇĐŽƵŶƚĞƌͲƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůDĂƌŝƟŵĞZĞǀŝĞǁ;/DZͿ͘ ƉŽůŝĐǇĚŝůĞŵŵĂƐƚŽƚĂĐƟĐĂůĞǆĞĐƵƟŽŶഭĂƚƐĞĂ ŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐറZĞŐŝŽŶĂů^ƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ĂŶĚŽŶůĂŶĚǁĞƌĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĚ͘dŚĞƐĞĂĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů^ĂĨĞƚǇ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ ŝŶƚĞƌŽƉĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ďƵŝůƚ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ

ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐ ŶĂǀŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ dŚĞ Z^E ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŽ ƉůĂǇ ĂŶ ĂĐƟǀĞ ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ůŽĐĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĚŝĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ Ă ǀĞƐƐĞů ƚŚĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ƌĞƐĐƵĞ ƐƵƐƉĞĐƚĞĚŽĨĐĂƌƌǇŝŶŐtDͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͘ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƐĂĨĞƚǇ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ŵŽƟǀĂƚĞĚ ďǇ dŚĞůĂŶĚĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĨĞĂƚƵƌĞĚŝŶƚĞƌͲĂŐĞŶĐǇƚĞĂŵƐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ŝŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĞƐŝĂͲWĂĐŝĮĐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐŽĨƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌ ĚĞĂůǁŝƚŚtDͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůĨŽƵŶĚŚŝĚĚĞŶ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶŐĞƐƚĞĚĂŶĚƐŚĂůůŽǁ ŝŶƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞƌƐ͘^ƵĐŚW^/ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůǁĂƚĞƌƐ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌĂƩĞŶĚĂŶƚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ŚĂǀĞƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞƐ͘ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶŝŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŝŶŐƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘

dŚĞ Z^E ŝƐ ĂŶ ĂĐƟǀĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ WĂĐŝĮĐ EĂǀĂů ^ǇŵƉŽƐŝƵŵ ;tWE^Ϳ͘ /ƚ ƉůĂǇƐ ŚŽƐƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ďŝĞŶŶŝĂů tWE^ DƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂů ^ĞĂǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ;tD^yͿĂŶĚŚĂƐĂůƐŽĐŽͲŚŽƐƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ WĂĐŝĮĐ DŝŶĞ ŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƚŽĨŽƐƚĞƌŐƌĞĂƚĞƌĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶĂŵŽŶŐ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůŶĂǀŝĞƐ͘ Foreign military observers and parƟcipants on board MV ^ǁŝŌZĞƐĐƵĞ watching the launch of the submersible ŬĞǇĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞtWE^ŚĂƐďĞĞŶ rescue vehicle, ĞĞƉ^ĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚZĞƐĐƵĞ^ŝǆ, during Eǆercise PaciĮc Reach in 2Ϭ1Ϭ͘ The RSN is the Įrst in Southeast Asia ƚŚĞĂĚŽƉƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞh^ŝŶϮϬϭϰĂƐĂƐŚĂƌĞĚ to acƋuire such capabiliƟes͘ 43 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 43

^ƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů^ĂĨĞƚǇ&ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ

dŚĞZ^EŚĂƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚĂĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƐĂĨĞƚǇĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞƐďŽƚŚƌĞĂĐƟǀĞĂŶĚƉƌĞǀĞŶƟǀĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ͗;ϭͿƐŚĂƌŝŶŐŽĨƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶŝŶŐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐĂŶĚďĞƐƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͖;ϮͿŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƌŝŶŐĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĂĨĞƚǇŽĨƐƵďŵĞƌŐĞĚŶĂǀŝŐĂƟŽŶ͖ ĂŶĚ;ϯͿĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽŵŵŽŶƐĂĨĞƚǇƌƵůĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌĚŽŵĂŝŶ͕ŝ͘Ğ͘ƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌh^͘ ^ŚĂƌŝŶŐĞƐƚWƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂŶĚŽŵŵŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͗dŚĞϮnd^ƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ^ĂĨĞƚǇ ŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ;^DK^ͿĐŽͲŚŽƐƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞZ^EĂŶĚƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨ<ŽƌĞĂEĂǀǇŝŶϮϬϭϲďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ŇĂŐ ŽĸĐĞƌƐĨƌŽŵϭϵƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐƚŽƐŚĂƌĞĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐĂŶĚ ůĞĂƌŶ ĨƌŽŵ ŽŶĞ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ůĂƌŐĞƐƚ ŐĂƚŚĞƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŇĂŐͲƌĂŶŬĞĚ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŝĂͲWĂĐŝĮĐƚŽĚĂƚĞ͘dŚĞ^DK^ŚĂƐƉƌŽǀĞŶƚŽďĞƵƐĞĨƵůŝŶĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ ĂŵŽŶŐƐƚ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ŶĂǀŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ǁŝůů ďĞ ŵĂĚĞ ŝŶƚŽ Ă ƌĞŐƵůĂƌ ĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞŶĞǆƚĞĚŝƟŽŶƉůĂŶŶĞĚĨŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϴ͘

Then-Chief of Navy, Rear-Admiral ;NSͿ Lai Chung Han, at the 2nd SMOSC at :inhae Naval Base, Korea in May 2Ϭ1ϲ͘

^ĂĨĞƚǇ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ^ŚĂƌŝŶŐ͗dŚĞZÊŚĂƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĂ^ƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ^ĂĨĞƚǇ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ WŽƌƚĂů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽĞŶŚĂŶĐĞƚŚĞƐĂĨĞƚǇŽĨƐƵďŵĞƌŐĞĚŶĂǀŝŐĂƟŽŶ͘ ZĞƐƉĞĐƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ŝƚ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŶŽŶͲƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĮƐŚŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ŵŽďŝůĞ ŽŝůƌŝŐƐ ĂŶĚ sĞƌǇ >ĂƌŐĞ ƌƵĚĞ ĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ^ƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ^ĂĨĞƚǇ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ WŽƌƚĂů ǁĂƐ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ DĂƌŝƟŵĞ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ^ŚĂƌŝŶŐǆĞƌĐŝƐĞŚŽƐƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞZÊŝŶ DĂǇϮϬϭϳ͘ ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ^ĂĨĞƚǇZƵůĞƐĂƚ^ĞĂ͗ ^ŝŵŝůĂƌ ƚŽ h^ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ ĚŽŵĂŝŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƐĂĨĞƚǇ ƌƵůĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌ ĚŽŵĂŝŶ͘ dŚŝƐ ǁŽƵůĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂƐĞƚŽĨŶŽŶͲďŝŶĚŝŶŐŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐƚŚĂƚďŽƚŚƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐĂŶĚƐŚŝƉƐĐĂŶ ĨŽůůŽǁ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚůǇ ĂŶĚ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌŝůǇ ƚŽ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ ĂŶ ƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌ ĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐǇƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ͘ 44 Punching Above Our Weight on the Global Stage

^ŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ϮϬϬϬƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ŚĂƐ ĞǇŽŶĚƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƌĞƐĐƵĞ͕ƚŚĞZÊŚĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ŝƚƐ ŶŝĐŚĞ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƚŚĞŶĞĞĚĨŽƌĂĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ƌĞƐĐƵĞĂŶĚŚĂƐĞŶƚĞƌĞĚŝŶƚŽƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƌĞƐĐƵĞ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŬĞǇ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƐĂĨĞƚǇ͕ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐŝŶŐďŽƚŚƌĞĂĐƟǀĞ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŝĂͲWĂĐŝĮĐ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŝŶ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ƌĞƐĐƵĞ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͕ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ ^ŽƵƚŚ <ŽƌĞĂ͕ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƟǀĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƐŚĂƌŝŶŐŽĨ ƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚsŝĞƚŶĂŵ͘dŚĞZÊŝƐŝŶ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ƐĂĨĞƚǇ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚ/ŶĚŝĂĂŶĚdŚĂŝůĂŶĚƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ ŽĨ Ă h^ͲĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƌĞƐĐƵĞĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ĚŽŵĂŝŶ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞŐĂƌĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ĂƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ /ŶϮϬϬϬ͕ƚŚĞZÊŚŽƐƚĞĚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŵƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂů ƚŚĞ ^ƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ^ĂĨĞƚǇ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ WŽƌƚĂů ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƌĞƐĐƵĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞŝŶƚŚĞWĂĐŝĮĐ͕ ĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌh^ĂƚƚŚĞϮnd^ƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ĐŽĚĞŶĂŵĞĚ WĂĐŝĮĐ ZĞĂĐŚ͕ ƚŽ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ^ĂĨĞƚǇ ŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ŝŶ <ŽƌĞĂ ŝŶ ŝŶƚĞƌŽƉĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ƌĞƐĐƵĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŝƚƐ :ƵŶĞϮϬϭϲ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƚĐŽͲŚŽƐƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞZK

΀dŚĞZÊ΁ŚĂƐƉůĂǇĞĚĂŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͘ ^ƵĐŚ Ă ůĂƌŐĞͲƐĐĂůĞ ĂĐƟǀĞƉĂƌƚƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ŐĂƚŚĞƌŝŶŐŽĨůŝŬĞͲŵŝŶĚĞĚŶĂǀŝĞƐĂůƐŽƐĞƌǀĞƐĂƐ ĂŶŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇĨŽƌƚŚĞZÊƚŽĚĞĞƉĞŶďŝůĂƚĞƌĂů ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞŽŶƐĂůŝĞŶƚ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŝƐƐƵĞƐĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞ &Žƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ ŽĨ /Dy ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƐŝĂϮϬϭϳ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞZŽǇĂůdŚĂŝEĂǀǇ͕ƚŚĞZÊ ĚĞĨĞŶĐĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ ƐŝŐŶĞĚĂƌĞǀŝƐĞĚ/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌŵƵƚƵĂůůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌŶĂǀĂůƐŚŝƉ ďƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇƚŽĚĞĂůǁŝƚŚĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ͘dŚŝƐƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƐůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ dŚĞĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞƐĂƚƚŚĞ/D^ĂƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͕ŐŝǀĞŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶďŽƚŚŶĂǀŝĞƐ͘dŚĞZÊĂůƐŽƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ƐĂůŝĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ŝŶ ĂDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵŽĨhŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ ƚŽĚĂǇ͛ƐƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͘ WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞEĂǀǇ;WEͿŽŶƚŚĞĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞŽĨ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƌĞůĂƟŶŐƚŽǁŚŝƚĞƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐ͘dŚŝƐ dŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ƌĞĐĞŶƚ ϱƚŚ/D^ǁĂƐŚĞůĚŝŶ ĨŽƌŵĂůŝƐĞĚ ďŽƚŚ ŶĂǀŝĞƐ͛ ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ĐŽŶũƵŶĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ/DyƐŝĂϮϬϭϳ͕ƚŚĞŵĞĚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶͲƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ͚^ĂĨĞĂŶĚ^ĞĐƵƌĞ^ĞĂƐͲsŝƐŝŽŶĨŽƌĂDĂƌŝƟŵĞ ƚŚĞĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽĨĂWE/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů>ŝĂŝƐŽŶ ZĞŐŝŽŶ͛͘/ƚǁĂƐĂƩĞŶĚĞĚďǇŶĂǀĂůůĞĂĚĞƌƐ KĸĐĞƌĂƚƚŚĞ/&͘

Defence Minister Dr Eng Hen opened IMDEy Asia 2Ϭ1ϳ͘ IMDEy Asia ͞provides navies and other mariƟme agencies a plaƞorm to eǆchange ideas and promote collaboraƟon”͘ Such plaƞorms are important due to dialogue and cooperaƟon being integral to protecƟng the SLOCs, which are ͞global commons” that stakeholders must work together to protect and preserve͘ 46 Punching Above Our Weight on the Global Stage

dŚĞZÊŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐ ĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞƉŽƌƞŽůŝŽŽĨďŝůĂƚĞƌĂůĂŶĚŵƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂů ĂĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚƉŽƐƚƵƌĞ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇ͕ƚŚĞZÊ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐĂĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚƉŽƐƚƵƌĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞǇĞĂƌ͘͘͘ ǇĞĂƌƚŽďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝƚƐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌ dŚĞƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚŽĨƚŚĞZÊŝƐ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŶĂǀŝĞƐ͖ ĚĞĞƉĞŶ ŝƚƐ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝƚƐĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽďƵŝůĚƌŽďƵƐƚ ǁŝƚŚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͖ĂŶĚŵĂŬĞŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵů ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐǁŝƚŚŝŶĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐƚŽŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĂĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚŽƌĚĞƌ͘ hůƟŵĂƚĞůǇ͕ƚŚĞƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚŽĨƚŚĞZÊŝƐŝƚƐĂďŝůŝƚǇ ďĞǇŽŶĚƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƚŚĂƚ ƚŽďƵŝůĚƌŽďƵƐƚƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐǁŝƚŚŝŶĂŶĚďĞǇŽŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůůǇƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůůǇ ƚŽ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘

/ŶϮϬϭϲ͕ƚŚĞZÊŚĂƐĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚďŽƚŚ d,ZÊW>Kz/EϮϬϭϲ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůůǇĂŶĚĨĂƌƚŚĞƌĂĮĞůĚ͘dŚĞZÊƚŽŽŬ dŽƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝƚƐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐǁŝƚŚ ƉĂƌƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ Zŝŵ ŽĨ WĂĐŝĮĐ ;Z/DWͿ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ͕ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐĂŶĚĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ͕ĂŶĚŚŽŶĞŝƚƐŚŝŐŚͲ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͛Ɛ ůĂƌŐĞƐƚ ŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĚ ĞŶĚ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶĂů ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂƐ Ă ĐƌĞĚŝďůĞ ŚŽƐƚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ hŶŝƚĞĚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ EĂǀǇ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĨŽƌĐĞ͕ƚŚĞZÊŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐĂŶ ŐĂǀĞƚŚĞZÊŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞŝƚƐ 47 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 47

dŚĞĮƌƐƚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůDĂƌŝƟŵĞZĞǀŝĞǁǁĂƐŚĞůĚ ŽŶϭϱDĂǇϮϬϭϳŝŶĐŽŶũƵŶĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞZ^EΖƐ'ŽůĚĞŶ:ƵďŝůĞĞ ĞůĞďƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ϰϲǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐʹϮϴĨŽƌĞŝŐŶǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐĨƌŽŵϮϬŶĂǀŝĞƐ͕ ϭϲZ^EǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐĂŶĚƚǁŽWŽůŝĐĞŽĂƐƚ'ƵĂƌĚďŽĂƚƐʹĂŶĚĨŽƵƌ ZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞŝƌ&ŽƌĐĞĂŝƌĐƌĂŌƚŽŽŬƉĂƌƚŝŶƚŚĞƌĞǀŝĞǁ ĂƚZ^^^ŝŶŐĂƉƵƌĂͲŚĂŶŐŝEĂǀĂůĂƐĞĂŶĚŝƚƐƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘

;Courtesy of PioneerͿ

ŚŝŐŚͲĞŶĚĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƚŽĂƐƐƵŵĞŬĞǇ ŽƵŶƚĞƌͲdĞƌƌŽƌŝƐŵĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ͖ĂŶĚ;ϯͿŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŝŶŐ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƌŽůĞƐ͘ ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĞĞƉ^ĂďƌĞ ƚŽƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůĐŽͲ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŝŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌͲƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ZÊ ĂůƐŽ ĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚ ĨŽƌ ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ &ƌŝĞŶĚƐŚŝƉĂŶĚǆĞƌĐŝƐĞdƌŝĚĞŶƚ͕ĚƵƌŝŶŐǁŚŝĐŚ ůŽƐĞƌ ƚŽ ŚŽŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ ƚŚĞZÊƌĞĂĸƌŵĞĚŝƚƐƟĞƐǁŝƚŚŝƚƐƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ ƉĂƚƌŽůƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŝƚƐ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ƵŶĚĞƌ ŝŶ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ ĂŶĚ EĞǁ ĞĂůĂŶĚ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ D^W ƚŽ ƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ǁĂƚĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ DDͲWůƵƐƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ͕ DĂŚŝ dĂŶŐĂƌŽĂ͘ /Ŷ ϮϬϭϲ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ƐƚĞƉƉĞĚƵƉŝƚƐǀŝŐŝůĂŶƚƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĚĞƚĞƌƌĞŶĐĞ ĂůƐŽĐŽŵŵĂŶĚĞĚd&ϭϱϭŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨĚĞŶ͕ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ƐŚŝƉƐ ŚĞŝŐŚƚĞŶĞĚƚŚƌĞĂƚŽĨŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐŵ͘ ĂůŽŶŐŬĞǇŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƌŽƵƚĞƐ͘ ^/E'WKZ/EdZEd/KE> ƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐĞĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊ DZ/d/DZs/tϮϬϭϳ ŚĂƐ ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŵŽŶŐ dŚŝƐǇĞĂƌ͕ŝŶĐĞůĞďƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZÊ͛Ɛ'ŽůĚĞŶ ŶĂǀŝĞƐŝŶĂƌĞĂƐŽĨĐŽŵŵŽŶŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ;ϭͿ ĐŽͲŚŽƐƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ Ϯnd^DK^ƚŽĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ :ƵďŝůĞĞ͕ƚŚĞZÊŚĞůĚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƐĂĨĞƚǇ͖;ϮͿĐŽͲ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů DĂƌŝƟŵĞ ZĞǀŝĞǁ ;/DZͿ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚŽƐƟŶŐƚŚĞDDͲWůƵƐDĂƌŝƟŵĞ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂŶĚ ƐĂǁ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ϰϲ ƐŚŝƉƐ ĨƌŽŵ Ϯϭ 48 Punching Above Our Weight on the Global Stage

During the Singapore InternaƟonal MariƟme Review, RSS Singapura – Changi Naval Base played host to 2ϴ foreign warships͘ It will conƟnue to be a meeƟng place for navies around the world, hosƟng about 1ϯϬ foreign warships annually͘

dŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ/DZŝƐĂƐ /ŶĚŝĂ͕ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ DǇĂŶŵĂƌ ĂŶĚ ^ƌŝ >ĂŶŬĂ͘ ŵƵĐŚĂĐĞůĞďƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ KǀĞƌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚ ŚŝŶĂ ^ĞĂ͕ Z^^ Stalwart ZÊ͛Ɛ'ŽůĚĞŶ:ƵďŝůĞĞ͕ĂƐ ƌĞŶĚĞǌǀŽƵƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƐŚŝƉƐĨƌŽŵĂŶĂĚĂ͕&ƌĂŶĐĞ͕ :ĂƉĂŶ͕ZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨ<ŽƌĞĂ͕WŚŝůŝƉƉŝŶĞƐ͕dŚĂŝůĂŶĚ͕ ŝƚŝƐĂƚĞƐƟŵŽŶǇŽĨƚŚĞ ƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŵĞƌŝĐĂĂŶĚsŝĞƚŶĂŵ͕ ƐƚƌŽŶŐĨƌŝĞŶĚƐŚŝƉƐ͕ŵƵƚƵĂů ǁŚŝůĞZ^^ SupremeǁĂƐũŽŝŶĞĚďǇƐŚŝƉƐĨƌŽŵ ƚƌƵƐƚĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͕ ĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚ͕ ƌƵŶĞŝ͕ WĞŽƉůĞ͛Ɛ ƚŚĞEĂǀǇŚĂƐŐůŽďĂůůǇ͘ ZĞƉƵďůŝĐ ŽĨ ŚŝŶĂ͕ /ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕ EĞǁ ĞĂůĂŶĚ ĂŶĚZƵƐƐŝĂ͘dŚĞZÊĂůƐŽƚŽŽŬƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĞƌĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ϯϬ ƚŽƉƌĂĐƟƐĞഭh^ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞϭϵŽƚŚĞƌŶĂǀŝĞƐ ŶĂǀǇĐŚŝĞĨƐ͕ǀŝĐĞŶĂǀǇĐŚŝĞĨƐ͕ĂŶĚĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌƐͲ ƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞtD^yϮϬϭϳ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐŵĂŶŽĞƵǀƌŝŶŐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůŽĨĐŽĂƐƚŐƵĂƌĚƐ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĂďŽƵƚϰϬ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ĚƌŝůůƐ͘ ^ƵĐŚ ŇĂŐͲƌĂŶŬŽĸĐĞƌƐĨƌŽŵϰϰŶĂƟŽŶƐ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐŝƚ ĂǀĞŶƵĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ŝŶ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ZÊ͛Ɛ ƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚƚƵƌŶͲŽƵƚŽĨEĂǀǇĂŶĚŽĂƐƚ'ƵĂƌĚ ŝŶƚĞƌŽƉĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇǁŝƚŚŶĂǀŝĞƐĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͘ ŚŝĞĨƐŝŶ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘

dŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ/DZŝƐĂƐŵƵĐŚĂĐĞůĞďƌĂƟŽŶ WƌĞĐĞĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ /DZ͕ ƚŚĞ Z^E͛Ɛ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ Z^^ Formidable, Z^^ Stalwart and ŽĨƚŚĞZ^E͛Ɛ'ŽůĚĞŶ:ƵďŝůĞĞ͕ĂƐŝƚŝƐĂƚĞƐƟŵŽŶǇ Z^^ SupremeůĞĚƚŚƌĞĞŵƵůƟŶĂƟŽŶĂůŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐŚŝƉƐ͕ ŵƵƚƵĂů ƚƌƵƐƚ ĂŶĚ ƐĂŝůƐŝŶƚŽ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͘/ŶƚŚĞDĂůĂĐĐĂ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͕ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞEĂǀǇŚĂƐĨŽƌŐĞĚĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞ Z^^ FormidableŵĞƚƵƉǁŝƚŚƐŚŝƉƐĨƌŽŵ ŐůŽďĞǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌŶĂǀŝĞƐĂŶĚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘ 49 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 49

At the Singapore InternaƟonal MariƟme Review parade, the Ňags of 22 naƟons Ňew͘ The IMR saw the parƟcipaƟon of ϰϲ ships – 2ϴ foreign warships from 2Ϭ navies, 1ϲ RSN warships and 2 Police Coast 'uard boats – and four Republic of Singapore Air Force aircraŌ gathered at RSS Singapura – Changi Naval Base and its surrounding waters͘

KE>h^/KE͗^dZE'd,d,ZKh', Ă ŚƵď ĨŽƌ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ WZdEZ^,/W^ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐĨƌŽŵŽǀĞƌϯϴĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚƚŽĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘ :ƵƐƚ ĂƐ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ŚĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ĂƐ ĂŶ

ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂǀŝĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŚƵď ďǇ dŚĞZ^E͛ƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ǀŝƌƚƵĞŽĨŝƚƐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐůŽĐĂƟŽŶ͕Z^^Singapura ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƐƚŚĂƚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĂĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚ – ŚĂŶŐŝEĂǀĂůĂƐĞŚĂƐĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŝƚƐĞůĨĂƐ ŽƌĚĞƌ ĂƌĞ ŽŶůǇ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĂďůĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ĂŵĞĞƟŶŐƉůĂĐĞĨŽƌŶĂǀŝĞƐĨƌŽŵĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞ ŵĞĂŶƐ͘'ŽŝŶŐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͕ƚŚĞZ^EǁŝůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͘KŶĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ͕ĂďŽƵƚϭϯϬĨŽƌĞŝŐŶǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐ ƚŽůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞŝƚƐĨƌŝĞŶĚƐŚŝƉƐĂŶĚƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐƚŽ ĐĂůůĂƚƚŚĞďĂƐĞĂŶŶƵĂůůǇ͘dŚĞďĂƐĞŚĂƐŚŽƐƚĞĚ ĨŽƐƚĞƌƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚďƵŝůĚƚƌƵƐƚ͕ ǁĂƌƐŚŝƉƐĨƌŽŵĐůŽƐĞƚŽϯϬĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐƐŝŶĐĞŝƚƐ ĂŶĚƚŽŚĞůƉƐŚĂƉĞĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŽƉĞŶŝŶŐŝŶϮϬϬϰ͘ŚĂŶŐŝŽŵŵĂŶĚĂŶĚŽŶƚƌŽů ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŽĨ ƐĂĨĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶƚƌĞ;ϮͿ͕ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϬϵ͕ŝƐƚŽĚĂǇ ƐĞĐƵƌĞƐĞĂƐĨŽƌĂůů͘ 50 50 The RSN’s Deployments Over 50 Years 51 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 51

Created by the Straits Times Press for the RSN 52 Sharper and Smarter

SHARPER AND SMARTER

By the early 2000s, the groundwork had been laid for the RSN’s 3rd'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚƚŚĞEnduranceͲĐůĂƐƐůĂŶĚŝŶŐƐŚŝƉƐƚĂŶŬ;>^dƐͿ͕ƚŚĞFormidableͲĐůĂƐƐĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ͕ƚŚĞ ^ŝŬŽƌƐŬǇ^ͲϳϬ^ĞĂŚĂǁŬŶĂǀĂůŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞChallenger- and ArcherͲĐůĂƐƐƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ͘ ĞƐŝĚĞƐŝŶĚƵĐƟŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶĞǁĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ƉůĂŶƐǁĞƌĞĂůƐŽĚƌĂǁŶƵƉƚŽƵƉŐƌĂĚĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŝŶƚŚĞZ^E͛ƐŽƌĚĞƌŽĨďĂƩůĞ;KZdͿ͘dŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ƚŚĞZ^EŚĂƐĞŵďĂƌŬĞĚŽŶĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞůŝƩŽƌĂůŵŝƐƐŝŽŶǀĞƐƐĞůƐ;>DsƐͿĂŶĚdǇƉĞϮϭϴ^'ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ͕ƚŽďƵŝůĚƚŚĞ EĂǀǇŽĨƚŚĞŶĞǆƚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚǁŽƵůĚďĞsharper and smarter͘

SHARPER CAPABILITIES dŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ hƉŐƌĂĚŝŶŐǆŝƐƟŶŐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƚŚĞZ^EŚĂƐĞŵďĂƌŬĞĚŽŶ

dŽĚĂǇ͕ĂůůŽĨƚŚĞZ^E͛ƐŬĞǇĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐŚĂǀĞ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐƚŽ ďĞĞŶƵƉŐƌĂĚĞĚƚŽŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞŶĞǁƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ďƵŝůĚƚŚĞEĂǀǇŽĨƚŚĞŶĞǆƚ ĂŶĚ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ ƐĞŶƐŽƌ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚǁŽƵůĚďĞ ƐƵŝƚĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͘ dŚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽƵƉŐƌĂĚĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƐŚĂƌƉĞƌĂŶĚƐŵĂƌƚĞƌ͘

Upgrades made to the sŝĐƚŽƌǇ-class missile corveƩes͘ 53 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 53

Upgrades made to the &ŽƌŵŝĚĂďůĞ-class frigates͘

ŝƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ƐƉŝƌĂů ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƵŶĚĞƌŐŽŶĞ ƉůĂƞŽƌŵ ŵŽĚŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĞǆƉĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͕ŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐĂƌĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ůĂƵŶĐŚ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌ ƐŵĂůů ƐĞůĞĐƟǀĞůǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞůǇ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ĂƐ ďŽĂƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ ǀĞƐƐĞůƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƚŚĞǇŵĂƚƵƌĞ͘ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ǀĂůŝĚĂƚĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌͲ ƉŝƌĂĐǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨĚĞŶŝŶϮϬϭϮ͘ For the FormidableͲĐůĂƐƐĨƌŝŐĂƚĞ͕ŝƚƐƉŽƚĞŶƚ dŚĞ Z^E ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚĞĚ ƚǁŽ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƐƵŝƚĞŽĨƐĞŶƐŽƌƐĂŶĚǁĞĂƉŽŶƐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐŚĂƐ ^ŝŬŽƌƐŬǇ ^ͲϳϬ ^ĞĂŚĂǁŬ ŶĂǀĂů ŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌƐ ƚŽ ďĞĞŶĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƐŚĂƌƉĞŶĞĚ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂ ĂƵŐŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĞ Ɛŝǆ ŶĂǀĂů ŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌƐ ĂůƌĞĂĚǇ ŝŶ ĮƌĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ƌĂĚĂƌ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞ͛Ɛ ŝƚƐKZd͘ ŐƵŶŶĞƌǇ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ĨŽƌ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ĐŽŶŐĞƐƚĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌƐ Žƌ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƉĞĂĐĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ dŚĞ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ VictoryͲĐůĂƐƐ ŵŝƐƐŝůĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ;W^KͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐǁŚĞƌĞǁĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĐŽƌǀĞƩĞƐ;DsƐͿŚĂǀĞŽƉƟŵŝƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĨŽƌ ĂŶĚĚŝƐĂďůŝŶŐƐŚŽƚƐŵĂǇŚĂǀĞƚŽďĞĂƉƉůŝĞĚ͘ ŶĂǀĂůŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶŐĞƐƚĞĚůŝƩŽƌĂů ŶĞǁĞůĞĐƚƌŽͲŽƉƟĐƐƐǇƐƚĞŵŚĂƐďĞĞŶŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽĂŶĞǁƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƐƵŝƚĞ ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ďĞĞŶ ƌĂĚĂƌƐǇƐƚĞŵ͕ƚŚĞĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐǁĂƌĨĂƌĞƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞĚ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƐĞĂͲĂŝƌ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƐƵŝƚĞ ŽŶ ďŽĂƌĚ ŚĂǀĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů͕ĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌͲŽƉĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇǁŝƚŚƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ ĂůƐŽ ďĞĞŶ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƚŚĞ ŶĂǀŝĞƐ͘EĞǁĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐǁĂƌĨĂƌĞƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĂŶĚ Ds͛Ɛ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĂďůĞ ŝƚ ƚŽ ďĞƩĞƌ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐŚĂǀĞĂůƐŽďĞĞŶŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ ƉůƵŐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ^& ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͘ ŽŶƚŚĞĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ͘dŽďĞƩĞƌƐƵƉƉŽƌƚW^KĂŶĚ tŝƚŚƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŚƵŵĂŶŝƚĂƌŝĂŶ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ƌĞůŝĞĨ ĂŶƟͲƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ǁĂƌĨĂƌĞ ;^tͿ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ;,ZͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ͕ƚŚĞĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐŚĂǀĞĂůƐŽ of the FormidableͲĐůĂƐƐ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ 54 Sharper and Smarter

^ŝŬŽƌƐŬǇ^ͲϳϬ^ĞĂŚĂǁŬŶĂǀĂůŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌƐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐŚĂǀĞĂůƐŽďĞĞŶĞǆƉĂŶĚĞĚƚŽ ƚŚĞDsƐŚĂǀĞഭďĞĞŶഭƌĞͲƌŽůĞĚഭĨŽƌഭůŝƩŽƌĂůƐƚƌŝŬĞ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƚŚĞƐŚŝƉƐ͛ŵƵůƟͲŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ Ɛ ƐƵĐŚ͕ ƚŚĞ Ds͛Ɛ ǀĂƌŝĂďůĞ ĂŶĚĐŽŵŵĂŶĚĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŽů;ϮͿĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ ĚĞƉƚŚƐŽŶĂƌƐǇƐƚĞŵŚĂƐďĞĞŶƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ^ĐĂŶĂŐůĞƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚĂĞƌŝĂůǀĞŚŝĐůĞ;hsͿ ^ƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ͘ dŚĞ hs ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ƚŚĞ DsƐ dŚĞ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Archer-ĐůĂƐƐ ;ĞǆͲ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ŽŶͲĚĞŵĂŶĚ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƌĂƉŝĚůǇ VästergotlandĐůĂƐƐͿďŽĂƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ĂŶĚ ƚĂƌŐĞƚ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ůŝƩŽƌĂů ĂŵĂũŽƌƐƚĞƉĨŽƌǁĂƌĚĨŽƌƚŚĞZ^EŝŶƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘dŚĞDsƐŚĂǀĞĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ Challenger- ƚŚĞŝƌ ^ĐĂŶĂŐůĞ hsƐ ŽŶ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ĐůĂƐƐƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ͕ƚŚĞArcherͲĐůĂƐƐĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐĂŶ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ <ĂŬĂĚƵ ϮϬϭϲ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŝƌͲ/ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ WƌŽƉƵůƐŝŽŶ ;/WͿ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ hsƐǁĞƌĞĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚĨŽƌĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚŵĂŶŶĞĚ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƌĞĚƵĐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƐŶŽƌŬĞůůŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ ƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƟŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ ĞŶĚƵƌĂŶĐĞ͕ ƌĞĂĐŚ the Fokker-50ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƉĂƚƌŽůĂŝƌĐƌĂŌ͘ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĞĂůƚŚ͘ /ƚƐ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞĚ ƐĞŶƐŽƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ The Endurance-ĐůĂƐƐ >^dƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĂŶĚĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚŚĞĂǀǇǁĞŝŐŚƚƚŽƌƉĞĚŽĞŶĂďůĞ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞĚƚŽďĞƩĞƌƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŐƌĞĂƚĞƌƌĂŶŐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ǁĂƌ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ͘ /ƚƐ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐŝƚƐƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌ ĞůĞĐƚƌŽͲŽƉƟĐƐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞĚ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ ĨŽƌ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶĂů ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͘ dŚĞ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŵďĂƚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽŵŵĂŶĚ͕ŽŶƚƌŽů͕ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ^ǇƐƚĞŵ;D^Ϳ͕ĐŽŵŵŽŶƚŽƚŚĞĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞ ŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐĂŶĚ/ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ;ϰ/Ϳ DsƐ͕ĂƐǁĞůůƚŚĞĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ ƐƵŝƚĞ͕ĞŶĂďůĞƚŚĞ>^dƚŽďĞƩĞƌŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞǁŝƚŚ ŝƚƐƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐĨŽƌĂǁŝĚĞƌĂŶŐĞŽĨŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐůǇĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚD^͕ĮƌƐƚ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŶĂǀĂů ĂǀŝĂƟŽŶ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ͕ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĞǆƚĞŶĚĞĚ

Upgrades made to the Endurance-class LSTs͘ 55 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 55

to ƚŚĞDsƐ͕>^dƐĂŶĚ>DsƐ͘&ĞĂƚƵƌŝŶŐĐƵƫŶŐͲ dŚĞ >Ds͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁŝůů ƌĞƉůĂĐĞ ƚŚĞ Fearless- ĞĚŐĞĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞŶŐŝŶĞƐŝŶĂƌĞĂƐƐƵĐŚ ĐůĂƐƐ WĂƚƌŽů sĞƐƐĞů ;WsͿ͕ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǁ ĂƐ ĂƵƚŽŵĂƚĞĚ ĚĂƚĂ ĨƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨZÊƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐƚŚĂƚǁŝůůďĞŵŽƌĞ ƚŚƌĞĂƚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ŚĂƐ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ ĐŽŵďĂƚ ǀĞƌƐĂƟůĞ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ͗ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƐǇŶĞƌŐǇ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĨƌŽŵƉĞĂĐĞƟŵĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞƉůĂƞŽƌŵƚǇƉĞƐ͘ ƚŽŚŝŐŚͲĞŶĚǁĂƌĨĂƌĞ͘ĞƐŝŐŶĞĚǁŝƚŚŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŵŽĚƵůĂƌŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ Ă ŚŝŐŚ ĚĞŐƌĞĞ ŽĨ ĂƵƚŽŵĂƟŽŶ ^ŚĂƌƉĞƌĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ&ƵƚƵƌĞ ŝŶŵŝŶĚ͕ƚŚĞ>DsƐǁŝůůďĞĂďůĞƚŽƚĂŬĞŽŶĂ dŚĞZÊǁŝƚŚŝƚƐĞǆŝƐƟŶŐƐĞƚŽĨĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ǁŝĚĞƌ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝƐĐĂƉĂďůĞŽĨĞǆĞĐƵƟŶŐŝƚƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĂŶĚƚĂƐŬƐ ƉƌĞĚĞĐĞƐƐŽƌƐ͘ tŝƚŚ ďĞƩĞƌ ĞŶĚƵƌĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŽĚĂǇ͛Ɛ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĂͲŬĞĞƉŝŶŐƚŚĂŶƚŚĞWsƐ͕ƚŚĞ>DsƐĐĂŶĂůƐŽ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ŽĨ ĂŶ ĞǆƉĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ƐĞƚ ĂƌŝƐŝŶŐ ĚĞƉůŽǇůŽŶŐĞƌĂŶĚĨĂƌƚŚĞƌ͘ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĞǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͕ ĐŽƵƉůĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂů /Ŷ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ŝƚƐ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ƌĞĂůŝƟĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ŚĂƐ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐŽŶƟŶƵĂůůǇůŽŽŬŝŶŐĂŚĞĂĚƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƉĞƌƟƐĞ ĂĐĐƵŵƵůĂƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƟŵĞůǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌƵĚĞŶƚ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŽƐŚĂƌƉĞƌ ŵŽĚŝĨǇŝŶŐ͕ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ͕ĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ Challenger- and Archer-ĐůĂƐƐƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ͘ƚ 56 Sharper and Smarter

(Courtesy of Pioneer)

ϳϬ ŵĞƚƌĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ dǇƉĞ Ϯϭϴ^' ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ ǁŝůů ĞǇŽŶĚ ŶĞǁ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ ĂŶĚ >DsƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ďĞ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ďƵŝůƚͲƚŽͲŽƌĚĞƌ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ŝƐ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƟŶŐ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ZÊ͕ĐƵƐƚŽŵŝƐĞĚǁŝƚŚƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĂŶĚĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƚŚĞũŽŝŶƚŵƵůƟͲŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŚŝƉ;:DD^ͿĂŶĚŶĞǆƚͲ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƚ ƚŚĞ ZÊ͛Ɛ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƉĂƚƌŽůĂŝƌĐƌĂŌ͘ŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘dŚĞZÊǁŝůů ƚŽƚŚĞ>^d͕ƚŚĞ:DD^ǁŝůůŚĂǀĞĂůŽŶŐĞƌƌĂŶŐĞ͕ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ůĂƌŐĞƌĐĂƌƌǇŝŶŐĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĨŽƌŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌƐ͕ ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ ĂƵƚŽŵĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŇĞǆŝďŝůŝƚǇͿ ƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͕ĂŶĚƵƟůŝƚǇĐƌĂŌĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ Ϯ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞdǇƉĞϮϭϴ^'ďŽĂƚƐ͘>ĂƌŐĞƌ /ƚ ǁŝůů ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶͲŵŽĚƵůĂƌ ŝŶ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ƚŽ than the ArcherͲĐůĂƐƐďŽĂƚƐ͕ƚŚĞdǇƉĞϮϭϴ^' ĂĐĐŽŵŵŽĚĂƚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƉĂǇůŽĂĚƐ ǁŝůůďĞĂďůĞƚŽĐĂƌƌǇĂǁŝĚĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŽĨŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ďĂƐĞĚŽŶŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘dŚĞŶĞǆƚ ƉĂǇůŽĂĚƐ͘/ŶƌĞƉůĂĐŝŶŐƚŚĞChallengerͲĐůĂƐƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƉĂƚƌŽůĂŝƌĐƌĂŌ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁŝůů ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ͕ƚŚĞdǇƉĞϮϭϴ^'ďŽĂƚƐǁŝůů ƌĞƉůĂĐĞƚŚĞFokker-50 ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƉĂƚƌŽůĂŝƌĐƌĂŌ͕ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇƐŚĂƌƉĞŶƚŚĞZÊ͛ƐƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ŝƐĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĨĞĂƚƵƌĞŶĞǁƐĞŶƐŽƌƐĂŶĚϮ ǁĂƌĨĂƌĞ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ dǁŽ ďŽĂƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŽƌĚĞƌĞĚĂŶĚĂƌĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇƵŶĚĞƌĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͘ dǁŽ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů dǇƉĞ Ϯϭϴ^' ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ dŚĞZÊŚĂƐůŽŽŬĂŚĞĂĚƚŽ ĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĚŝŶDĂǇϮϬϭϳ͘dŚĞǇĂƌĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚĞĚĨŽƌ ĞŶƐƵƌĞƟŵĞůǇĂŶĚƉƌƵĚĞŶƚ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌǇ ĨƌŽŵ ϮϬϮϭ͘ The RSN is also working ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƌĞƉůĂĐŝŶŐƚŚĞArcherͲĐůĂƐƐƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞƐ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŽƐŚĂƌƉĞƌ ĨƌŽŵϮϬϮϱ͘ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ 57 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 57

Unmanned systems strengthen the RSN’s capability to meet an eǆpanding set of tasks͘ They include the ScanEagle UAV (leŌ), which has been in service since 2Ϭ12͖ and the REMUS AUV (right), which has been deployed for eǆercises and operaƟons since 2Ϭ12͘

ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚǁŝĚĞͲĂƌĞĂŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ dŚĞZÊǁŝůůĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ƐŵĂƌƚĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ^DZdKEWd^ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐƚŽĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞīĞĐƚƐ /ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽƐŚĂƌƉĞƌĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊ ƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŐƌĞĂƚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞ ǁŝůů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ƐŵĂƌƚĞƌ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ƚŽ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞīĞĐƚƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŐƌĞĂƚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƐƵŵ ƐƵŵŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌƚƐ͘ ŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌƚƐ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚƐĞĂͲ Ăŝƌ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇ ĞǆƚĞŶĚĞĚ the ProtectorͲĐůĂƐƐƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚƐƵƌĨĂĐĞǀĞƐƐĞůƐ ƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞZÊ͛ƐŶĂǀĂů ;h^sƐͿƐŝŶĐĞƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇϮϬϬϬƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊŚĂƐ ĂƐƐĞƚƐŝŶŽƉĞŶǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘ƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ͕ ŵŽǀĞĚŽŶƚŽĂƵƚŽŶŽŵŽƵƐƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞͲďĂƐĞĚ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ;hsƐͿ͕ ŵŝŶĞ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ h^sƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů;/<ϮͿŚĂƐĞŶĂďůĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĞĚƵŶŝƚƐ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇh^sƐ͘/ŶĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ ƚŽĮŐŚƚĂƐĂĐŽŚĞƌĞŶƚƐǇƐƚĞŵĂƚƐĞĂ͘DŽǀŝŶŐ ŝƚƐĨŽƌĞŝŐŶƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͕^KEĂƟŽŶĂů>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌŝĞƐ ĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͕ƚŚĞZÊǁŝůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽƐĞĞŬĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝǀĞ ďƌĞĂŬƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƐ ŝŶ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ZÊŚĂƐĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞĚƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŽƐƵƐƚĂŝŶŝƚƐĞĚŐĞ͘ ĂŶĚ ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ ƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ ƚǁŽ ĂƌĞĂƐ͘ hŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŶĂďůĞ ƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ &ŝƌƐƚ͕ŝŶƚŚĞĂƌĞĂŽĨŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͗ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞĂĨŽƌĐĞŵƵůƟƉůŝĞƌ͘ ƚƌŝĂůƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶ ƚŽ ĚĞƉůŽǇ h^sƐ /Ŷ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŵĂŶŶĞĚͲƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ ĮŐŚƟŶŐ ĨŽƌƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨĂ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͕ ƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐĞůĨͲ ůĂǇĞƌĞĚĐŽĂƐƚĂůĚĞĨĞŶĐĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ͘dŚĞh^sƐĂƌĞ ƐǇŶĐŚƌŽŶŝƐŝŶŐ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŽŶĞͲ ĞŶĂďůĞĚďǇĂƵƚŽŶŽŵŽƵƐŶĂǀŝŐĂƟŽŶƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ƚŽͲŵĂŶǇĐŽŶƚƌŽůĞŶĂďůĞƚŚĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞƐĐĂůŝŶŐŽĨ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶ ĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂǀŽŝĚĂŶĐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵďĂƚƉŽǁĞƌ͘dŚĞƐĞƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĐĂŶďĞĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚ ĐŽŶŐĞƐƚĞĚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐĂŶ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ĨƌŽŵƐŚŽƌĞ͕ŽƌďĂƐĞĚŽīŶĂǀĂůƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐƚŽ ĐůŽƐĞͲŝŶƐƚĂƟŽŶͲŬĞĞƉŝŶŐĨŽƌŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ ĞŶĂďůĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚŽǀĞƌĂǁŝĚĞ ĚĞƚĞƌƌĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘dŚĞh^sŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚǁŝƚŚ ĂƌĞĂ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ĂůůŽǁ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚƐĞĂͲŬĞĞƉŝŶŐĂŶĚƐƉĞĞĚƚŽŝŶƚĞƌĐĞƉƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƚŽďĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚƌĞŵŽƚĞůǇ͕ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ĨĂƐƚͲŵŽǀŝŶŐƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ͕ĂŶĚĞƋƵŝƉƉĞĚǁŝƚŚůĞƚŚĂů ƌŝƐŬƐƚŽƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů͘&ƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽĨ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲůĞƚŚĂů ǁĞĂƉŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ 58 Sharper and Smarter

The Venus 1ϲ unmanned surface vessel in the Singapore Strait deploying its Towed SyntheƟc Aperture Sonar͘

dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĞŶĂďůĞ ƌĞƉůĂĐĞƚŚĞBedokͲĐůĂƐƐŵŝŶĞĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ ǀĞƐƐĞůƐ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞZÊŝƐĂůƐŽǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ^KƚŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉhsƐǁŝƚŚŚŝŐŚͲƌĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞĂĨŽƌĐĞ ƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌŝŵĂŐŝŶŐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ƚŽĂƵŐŵĞŶƚ ŵƵůƟƉůŝĞƌ͘͘͘dŚĞƐĞ ƚŚĞh^sƐŝŶƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞĂŶĚŵŝŶĞ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĐĂŶďĞĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ͘ ĨƌŽŵƐŚŽƌĞ͕ŽƌďĂƐĞĚŽī SĞŶƐĞͲDĂŬŝŶŐĂŶĚĂƚĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐ ŶĂǀĂůƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐƚŽĞŶĂďůĞ dŚĞĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĐŽůůĂƚĞ͕ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬĞĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƐĞĂŵůĞƐƐůǇ ĐĂŶ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘ /Ŷ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ŽǀĞƌĂǁŝĚĞĂƌĞĂ͘ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ĚĂƚĂ ĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ǁĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ oĨƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ͘tŚĞŶŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů͕ƚŚĞh^sǁŝůů ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘dŚĞƐĞŶƐĞͲ ĂůůŽǁƚŚĞZÊƚŽƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂƉĞƌƐŝƐƚĞŶƚƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞ ŵĂŬŝŶŐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĂƚƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů DĂƌŝƟŵĞ^ĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ'ƌŽƵƉ;ED^'ͿƵƟůŝƐĞƐ ŝŶƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚǁŝƚŚĂŵŝǆŽĨƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇŝŶĚĂƚĂĨƵƐŝŽŶĂŶĚĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĂŶĚŵĂŶŶĞĚƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ͕ĂŶĚĞŶĂďůĞ ŵƵůƟƉůĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐͶďŽƚŚƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚ;Ğ͘Ő͘ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ƟŵĞůǇƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐƚŽŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘ ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƐͿĂŶĚƵŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚ;Ğ͘Ő͘ŽƉĞŶ ^ĞĐŽŶĚ͕ŝŶƚŚĞĂƌĞĂŽĨŵŝŶĞĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŵĞĚŝĂͿ ĚĂƚĂͶƚŽ ĚĞƚĞĐƚ ĂŶŽŵĂůŝĞƐ ŝŶ ;DDͿ͗ ƵŶŵĂŶŶĞĚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐĂĐƟǀŝƚǇĂŶĚĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘dŚĞƐĞ ZÊǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨƵŶƚĞƚŚĞƌŝŶŐDD ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƐŚĂƌƉĞŶ ƚŚĞ ZÊ͛Ɛ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͕ ŝŶ ĐŽͲŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ͘dŚĞZÊŝƐ ŽƚŚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐĂŶĚƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐƚǁŽǀĂƌŝĂŶƚƐŽĨDDh^sƐ͗ŽŶĞ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͘ ĞƋƵŝƉƉĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă dŽǁĞĚ ^ǇŶƚŚĞƟĐ ƉĞƌƚƵƌĞ ^ŽŶĂƌ;d^^ͿĨŽƌƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌƐĞĂƌĐŚ͖ƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ /ŶŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞǆƉĞŶĚĂďůĞDŝŶĞŝƐƉŽƐĂů^ǇƐƚĞŵ ;D^ͿĨŽƌŵŝŶĞŶĞƵƚƌĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ͘dĂŬĞŶƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞZÊůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞƐĚĂƚĂ ƚŚĞƐĞh^sƐĂƌĞĂďůĞƚŽĨƵůůǇƐƵďƐƟƚƵƚĞŵĂŶŶĞĚ ĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇĂŶĚ ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞǆĞĐƵƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶͲƚŽͲ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĞĂƌůǇǁĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŶĞƵƚƌĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶĐŚĂŝŶŵŽƌĞĞĸĐŝĞŶƚůǇ͘dŚĞŵŝŶĞ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞh^sƐǁŝůůďĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůŝƐĞĚ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŵĂƌŝƟŵĞ ĨƌŽŵ ϮϬϭϴ ŽŶǁĂƌĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŝůů ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞůǇ ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ͘ 59 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 59

DŽǀŝŶŐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͕ƚŚĞZÊǁŝůůǁŽƌŬĐůŽƐĞůǇ EĞǁĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐŝŶ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŶĞǁůǇĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚĞĨĞŶĐĞ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇŐĞŶĐǇŶĂůǇƟĐƐĂŶĚƌƟĮĐŝĂů ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐĂŶĚůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ /ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ >Ăď ƚŽ ƉƵƐŚ ƚŚĞ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ΀ǁŝůů΁ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂͲĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ͘ Ɛ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇŽĨƚŚĞZÊ͛Ɛ ƚŚŝƐĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞZÊǁŝůůŵŽǀĞĨƌŽŵ ƌƵůĞƐͲďĂƐĞĚĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐŝŶƚŽĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ ĂŶĚŵĂĐŚŝŶĞͲďĂƐĞĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͘dŚŝƐǁŝůů ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĞĨĞŶĐĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇƚŽ ĞŶĂďůĞƚŚĞƐĞŶƐĞͲŵĂŬŝŶŐĞŶŐŝŶĞƚŽůĞĂƌŶĨƌŽŵ use both its bases as test-beds for 4th industrial ƉĂƐƚĞǀĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞƚŚĞƐĞŝŶƉƵƚƐŝŶƚŽ ƌĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͘EĞǁĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐǁŝůůďĞ ƚŚĞĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĨƵƚƵƌĞĂŶŽŵĂůŝĞƐ͘ ƚĞƐƚĞĚ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƉƌĞĚŝĐƟǀĞĂŶĚĚĂƚĂĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞďĂƐĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͕ ĂƵƚŽŶŽŵŽƵƐƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ͕ĂƐ Beyond the frontline, the RSN will also ĚƌŝǀĞ ŶĞǁ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ŝŶ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ǁĞůůĂƐ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚͲŽĨͲdŚŝŶŐƐ;/ŽdͿͲĞŶĂďůĞĚĚŝŐŝƚĂů ůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŽĞŶŚĂŶĐĞƚŚĞƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŽĨƚŚĞZÊ͛ƐĨƵƚƵƌĞĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ŬĞǇĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ͚ĚĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͛͘/ŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƚŽƚŚĞ ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐǇŽĨďĂƐĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŽĨ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĞǇŽŶĚĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐĂŶĚůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĂŌĞƌĚĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐƚŚĞĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ƚŚĞZÊ ǁŝůů ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ĚŽǁŶƐƚƌĞĂŵ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ͕ ůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ ǁŝůůĞǆƉůŽŝƚŶĞǁƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐŝŶ ĂŶĚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƵƉĨƌŽŶƚŝŶĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŽĨƵƌƚŚĞƌŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐĂŶĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘/ŶƚŚĞƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƉůĂƞŽƌŵĂŶĚĐŽŵďĂƚ ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐǇ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐŝŶŐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͕ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƐǇƐƚĞŵĐŽŵŵŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ƐŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶͲďĂƐĞĚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĂƵŐŵĞŶƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐĞĚ͘ ĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ƚŽ ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůŝĂŶĐĞ ŽŶ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƉƌĞĚŝĐƟǀĞ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐĨŽƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͕ĂƐǁĞůů ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞǁŝůůĂůƐŽďĞŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐ ĂƐ ǀŝƌƚƵĂů ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵƐ ƚŽ ĞŶĂďůĞ ŽŶͲĚĞŵĂŶĚ ƚŚĞĚĞƐŝŐŶƉŚĂƐĞ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ƚŽƌĞĂůŝƐĞŽŶͲ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ ĂŶǇǁŚĞƌĞ͕ ĚĞŵĂŶĚĂŶĚũƵƐƚͲŝŶͲƟŵĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĂŶǇƟŵĞ͘ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ŚĂƐ ŵĂĚĞ ĨŽƌĂǇƐ ŝŶƚŽ ϯͲ ƉƌŝŶƟŶŐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁŝůůƌĞĚƵĐĞŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ^,ZWZE^DZdZEsz ĚŽǁŶƟŵĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞůŝĂŶĐĞŽĨĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚĨŽƌĐĞƐ &KZd,&hdhZ ŽŶ ƐŚŽƌĞͲďĂƐĞĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘ Ɛ Ă ƐƚŚĞZÊƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐĞƐďĞǇŽŶĚƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚƐƚĞƉ͕ƚŚĞZÊŚĂƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů 3rdŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ŝƚǁŝůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽƉƵƐŚ ĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐŝŶϯͲƉƌŝŶƟŶŐƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĨƌŽŶƟĞƌƐĂŶĚĚƌŝǀĞŶĞǁ ƐŚŝƉƐƉĂƌĞƐ͘ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ͘ /Ŷ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ǁŝƚŚ The RSN is also working towards refreshing ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛Ɛ ĚĞĨĞŶĐĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŝƚƐ ďĂƐĞƐ ƚŽ ĞŵďĞĚ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ĂŶĚ ƐŵĂƌƚ ĂŶĚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͕ƚŚĞZÊǁŝůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐŝŶƚŽŝƚƐŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘&ŽƌĂ ďƵŝůĚĨƵƚƵƌĞͲƌĞĂĚǇĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƐŚĂƌƉĞƌ ƐƚĂƌ ƚ͕ƚŚĞZÊŚĂƐĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŝƚƐƉĂƌ ƚŶĞƌs ĂŶĚƐŵĂƌƚĞƌ͘ 60 Conversations With The Chiefs Part II: Strength of the RSN CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHIEFS

In the year of the RSN’s Golden Jubilee, the former Chiefs of Navy were asked to share their thoughts on what makes them proud of the Navy and what makes the Navy special.

Former Chiefs of Navy – (from leŌ ) RADM (RET) James Leo, Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean, RADM (RET) Kwek Siew Jin, RADM (RET) Richard Lim, RADM (RET) Lui Tuck zew, RADM (RET) Ronnie Tay, RADM (NS) Chew Men Leong, RADM (NS) Ng Chee Peng, and RADM (NS) Lai Chung Han, at a Chinese New zear gathering on ϰth February, 2Ϭ1ϳ. (Picture courtesy of Kevin Lim for the RSN)

WHAT MAKES YOU PROUD OF THE ŌĞƌ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ dŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵ͕ ƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ͛Ɛ NAVY? ƌŽůĞ ǁĂƐ ŝŶ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ͘ D/E& ĚŝĚ ŶŽƚ ƐĞĞ ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ƵƟůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ ďĞǇŽŶĚ RADM (RET) James Leo͗DǇĮƌƐƚĞǆƉŽƐƵƌĞ ƉĂƚƌŽůůŝŶŐƚŚĞ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ^ƚƌĂŝƚ͘ƵƌŝŶŐŽŶĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ ǁĂƐ ƚǁŽ ůŝŶĞƐ ŽĨ ďĂƌƌĂĐŬƐ ŝŶ ǁŽƌŬƉůĂŶ ƐĞŵŝŶĂƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŶͲDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ ĨŽƌ WƵůĂƵ ůĂŬĂŶŐ DĂƟ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĨĞǁ ƐŚŝƉƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞĨĞŶĐĞƚŽůĚƚŚĞEĂǀǇƚŚĂƚǁĞĐŽƵůĚũƵƐƚƉƵƚ ǁĞƌĞ ŵŽŽƌĞĚ ŝŶ ^ĞůĂƚ ^ĞŶŐŬŝƌ͘ dŚĞ EĂǀǇ͛Ɛ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŝŶϱϬǇĞĂƌƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐ ŐƵŶƐŽŶƚŚĞďĂƌŐĞƐ͘ ĂŶĚŇĞǆŝďůĞĨŽƌĐĞŽĨƚŽĚĂǇŚĂƐĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůǇďĞĞŶ ǀĞƌǇŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ͘tĞŚĂǀĞĐŽŵĞĂůŽŶŐǁĂǇŝŶ RADM (RET) Kwek Siew Jin͗ KƵƌ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ͘ dŽĚĂǇ͕ ƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ͛Ɛ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƌŽůĞ ŚĂǀĞĂůǁĂǇƐƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚƚƌƵĞƚŽƚŚĞĐĂƵƐĞĂŶĚ ŽĨĚĞĨĞŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞĂĂƐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͛ƐůŝĨĞůŝŶĞ ǁĞƌĞƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůŝŶƚŚĞĞǆĞĐƵƟŽŶŽĨĂůůƚŚĞŝƌ ŝƐ ĐůĞĂƌ͘ Ƶƚ ƚŚŝƐ ŚĂƐ ŶŽƚ ĂůǁĂǇƐ ďĞĞŶ ƐŽ͘ ƚĂƐŬƐ͘KŶĞŽĨŽƵƌĮƌƐƚďŝŐ͚ƚĞƐƚƐ͛ĐĂŵĞǁŝƚŚ 61 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 61

KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶdŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵŝŶϭϵϳϱ͘KĸĐŝĂůůǇ͕ŝƚ ƐĞĂƐƚĂƚĞǁĂƐƌĞĂůůǇďĂĚ͘dŚĞǇŬĞƉƚĂƐŬŝŶŐƵƐ ůĂƐƚĞĚŽŶůǇϭϯĚĂǇƐ͘dŚĞEĂǀǇ͕ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ǁĂƐ ŽŶƚŚĞƌĂĚŝŽ͗͞,ŽǁŝƐŝƚŐŽŝŶŐ͍͟tĞĨŽƵŶĚŽƵƚ ƚĂƐŬĞĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ ƉĂƚƌŽůƐ ƌŝŐŚƚ ůĂƚĞƌƚŚĂƚŚĂůĨƚŚĞƟŵĞ͕ƚŚĞǇĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚƐĞĞƵƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇϭϵϴϬƐ͘tŝƚŚŽŶůǇϭϰƐŚŝƉƐ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ǁĞ ǁĞƌĞ ďƵƌŝĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǀĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϴ͕ϬϬϬ͚ďŽĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞ͛ ƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞƌĞĂůůǇǁŽƌƌŝĞĚĨŽƌƵƐ͘dŚĞǇƚŽůĚƵƐ ĨƌŽŵĞŶƚĞƌŝŶŐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͕ĂƐŚŝƉĐŽƵůĚĞŶĚƵƉ ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞŚĂĚĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐǁŝƚŚďŝŐŐĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ƉĂƚƌŽůůŝŶŐĨŽƌŚĂůĨŽĨƚŚĞŵŽŶƚŚ͘dŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŶŽ ŝŶůĞƐƐŚĂƌƐŚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ǁŚĞƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞǁŽƵůĚ ƟŵĞĨŽƌƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚŶŽƟŵĞĨŽƌŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͘ ǁĂŶƚƚŽĐĂůůƚŚĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞŽīŽƌĮŶŝƐŚŝƚĂƐƐŽŽŶ DĂŶǇƐŚŝƉďŽĂƌĚƐǇƐƚĞŵƐǁĞƌĞŶŽƚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͖ ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐ ǁĞ ǁĞƌĞ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ǁĞůů͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ƚŚĞĐƌĞǁŚĂĚƚŽĚĞĂůǁŝƚŚ ůĞƚƚŚŝŶŐƐƌƵŶŝƚƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘>ĂƚĞƌŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƐĞũŽŝŶƚ ŵĂŶǇĚŝĸĐƵůƚƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ͘^ŽŵĞŚĂǀĞĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ ĞǀŽůǀĞĚ ƚŽ ͚ƵŶƐĐƌŝƉƚĞĚ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ͛ ŝƚ ĂƐ Ă ͚ŵŝŶĚͲŶƵŵďŝŶŐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͛͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ Ă ĂƐǁĞǁĂŶƚĞĚŵŽƌĞƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͘dŚĞƌĞ ƚƌǇŝŶŐƉĞƌŝŽĚĨŽƌƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͕ďƵƚƚŚŝƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌ ǁĂƐƚŚŝƐŽŶĞŽƚŚĞƌĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞǁĞĚŝĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵ ƚƌǇŝŶŐ ƉĞƌŝŽĚƐ ĂůůŽǁĞĚ ƵƐ ƚŽ ƌĂůůǇ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ͕ ĂŐĂŝŶŽǀĞƌĂϮϰͲŚŽƵƌƉĞƌŝŽĚǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇŇĞǁ ŶŽƚƚŽĂƐƐŝŐŶďůĂŵĞ͕ďƵƚƚŽƐĞĞŬƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐƚŽ ĂďŽƵƚϭϮϬĂŝƌƐŽƌƟĞƐĂŶĚƐƚĂǇĞĚŽƵƚƐŝĚĞŽĨϰϬϬ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞŽƵƌƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ͘dŚĞEĂǀǇǁĞĂƌĞƐŽ ŶĂƵƟĐĂůŵŝůĞƐƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĐŽƵůĚĮŶĚƵƐďĞĨŽƌĞ ƉƌŽƵĚŽĨƚŽĚĂǇǁĂƐďƵŝůƚƐůŽǁůǇ͕ďǇŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĞǇĐĂŵĞŝŶ͘>ĂƚĞƌƚŚĞǇƐĂŝĚƚŚĂƚŝƚǁĂƐĂŵŽŶŐ ĂŌĞƌŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨŽĸĐĞƌƐ͕ŵĞŶĂŶĚǁŽŵĞŶ͕ ƚŚĞďĞƐƚĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞĞǀĞƌŚĂĚ͘ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĨŽƌĂĐŽŵŵŽŶƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĂŶĚ &ƌŽŵƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚ͕ƚŚĞ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ ƚŽƵŐŚŶĞƐƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŽĨŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ƚŽ RADM (RET) Richard Lim͗ dŚĞƌĞ ǁĞƌĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĞǆĞĐƵƟŶŐ ǀĞƌǇ ŚŝŐŚͲĞŶĚ ŵĂŶǇƉƌŽƵĚŵŽŵĞŶƚƐ͘&ŽƌŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ǁŚĞŶ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐƐƚŽďĞƉƌŽƵĚŽĨ͘ ǁĞǁŽŶƚŚĞ^&^ŝŶƚĞƌͲĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐƉŽƌƚƐͶ RADM (RET) Ronnie Tay͗ tĞ ŚĂǀĞ ŶĞǀĞƌ ǁĞǁĞƌĞƐĞĐŽŶĚĨŽƌĂůŽŶŐƟŵĞͶĂŶĚďĞĂƚ ŚĂĚ ƚŚĞ ůƵǆƵƌǇ ŽĨ ďĞŝŶŐ ďŝŐ ΀ŝŶ ŶƵŵďĞƌƐ΁͘ ƚŚĞ ŽŵŵĂŶĚŽƐ ŝŶ ƌƵŐďǇ͘ tŚĞŶ ŽƵƌ ŚĞĨƐ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚŚŽƚĨŽŽĚŚŽǁĞǀĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ ƐŵĂůů ŶƵŵďĞƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ŚĂĚ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ƐĞĂƐǁĞƌĞ͕ĂŶĚĐĂƚĞƌĞĚĨŽƌEĂǀǇĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ͕ ĂůǁĂǇƐĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚĂůŽƚͶŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨƚŚĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŵĂŬŝŶŐƉĂƐƚƌŝĞƐĨƌŽŵƐĐƌĂƚĐŚ͘tŚĞŶ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶ͕ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŽƵƌǇŽƵŶŐŽĸĐĞƌƐƐƚŽŽĚƌĞƐŽůƵƚĞůǇŽŶďŽĂƌĚ ǁĞŚĂǀĞďƵŝůƚĂŶĚĞǀĞŶƚƐǁĞŚĂǀĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚ͘ ĐŽĂƐƚĂůƉĂƚƌŽůĐƌĂŌŽī,ŽƌƐďƵƌŐŚ>ŝŐŚƚŚŽƵƐĞ ĂŶĚƚŽůĚĐƌĞǁƐŽĨůĂƌŐĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ͗͞zŽƵĂƌĞŝŶ tĞǁĞƌĞĂƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇƐŵĂůůŐƌŽƵƉŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ ƚĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂů ǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘͟ tŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŚŽǁĞƌĞĂďůĞƚŽĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚĂůŽƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨ ŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞĚŽƵƌĂŶƟͲĂŝƌĮƌŝŶŐƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͕ ŽƵƌƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĞŶƚŚƵƐŝĂƐŵ͘KƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞǁĞƌĞ ǁĞĚŽƵďůĞĚŽƵƌĞīŽƌƚƐĂŶĚƐŚŽǁĞĚǁĞĐŽƵůĚ ǀĞƌǇĐĂƉĂďůĞŽĨǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁĞůůƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂŶĚǁŝƚŚ ĚŽďĞƩĞƌďǇĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚůǇƐŚŽŽƟŶŐĚŽǁŶĂĞƌŝĂů ŽƚŚĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞ^&ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŶĂǀŝĞƐ͘ ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ͘ /ƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌƚŚĞƟŵĞŝŶƚŚĞůĂƚĞϭϵϵϬƐ͕ RADM (RET) Lui Tuck Yew͗ KƵƌ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ ǁŚĞŶǁĞǁĞƌĞƚĂƐŬĞĚƚŽŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĂŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨ ůǁĂǇƐ͘ ǀĞŶ ŶŽǁ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůĂƌŐĞƐĐĂůĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐͶĂƌĂŬŵŝƐƐŝůĞ ǁŚĞŶ/ŚĂĚƚŽĨĞĞůĂƐŚĂŵĞĚŽĨŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞŽƌ ĮƌŝŶŐ͕ &ŝǀĞ WŽǁĞƌ ĞĨĞŶĐĞ ƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĞĨĂĐƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞŶŽƚŐŝǀĞŶƚŚĞŝƌƵƚŵŽƐƚ͘/ ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ&ůǇŝŶŐ&ŝƐŚ͕ǆĞƌĐŝƐĞWĂĐŝĮĐZĞĂĐŚĨŽƌ ƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌĞĚĚŽŝŶŐĂŶĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ ƐƵďŵĂƌŝŶĞ ƌĞƐĐƵĞ͕ ƉĞĂĐĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ^ƚĂƚĞƐEĂǀǇŽŶƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝůĞŐƵŶďŽĂƚƐǁŚĞŶƚŚĞ ĂŶĚƐŽŽŶ͘dŚĞǇǁĞƌĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞEĂǀǇ 62 Conversations With The Chiefs

ǁĂƐĚŽŝŶŐĨŽƌƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƟŵĞ͕ĂŶĚǁĞĐŽƵŶƚĞĚŽŶ ǁĞƌĞǀĞƌǇƉƌŽƵĚŽĨƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ŽĨƚŚĞEĂǀǇ ŽŶĞĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƚŽƉƵůůƚŚĞŵŽī͕ǁŚŝůĞŚĂǀŝŶŐƚŽ ĂŶĚŽĨǁŚĂƚƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞĚŽŝŶŐ͘tŝƚŶĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĂƚ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵůŽƚƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƚĂƐŬƐĂƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ͘ ŵĂĚĞŵĞƉƌŽƵĚ͘

/ŶƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͕ŝƚĂůǁĂǇƐĨĞůƚǇŽƵǁĞƌĞĚŽŝŶŐ WHAT MAKES THE NAVY SPECIAL? ĂŶĚĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐŵĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐƐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ RADM (RET) James Leo͗ ƐŬ ĂŶǇ ƐĂŝůŽƌ ŝƚǁĂƐŝŶŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĚƵƌŝŶŐĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞƐĂŶĚ ƚŽĚĂǇ ĂďŽƵƚ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ĂďŽƵƚ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇǁŚĞŶŽŶĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ƚŚĞEĂǀǇĂŶĚĂůŵŽƐƚĂůůǁŝůůƐŝŶŐůĞŽƵƚƚŚĞEĂǀǇ &ĂŵŝůǇ͘zĞƚ͕ƚŚĞEĂǀǇ&ĂŵŝůǇĚŝĚŶŽƚĐŽŵĞĞĂƐǇ͘ RADM (NS) Chew Men Leong͗ ĞǇŽŶĚ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞŵĂŶǇ /ŶƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇĚĂǇƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐƚĞŶƐŝŽŶ ŵŽŵĞŶƚŽƵƐ ŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂǀĞ ĞŶĂďůĞĚ ƵƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞĐŽŵďĂƚ͕ůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐĂŶĚĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŽƐƚĂŶĚƉƌŽƵĚĂŶĚƚĂůůĂƐĂEĂǀǇƚŚĂƚƉƵƚƵƐ ǀŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘ tĞ ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŽŶƚŚĞŵĂƉ͗ƐĞƫŶŐƵƉƚŚĞDĂƌŝƟŵĞ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ďǇĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐĂŶĚĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ dĂƐŬ&ŽƌĐĞ͖ƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚŝŶŐWĞĚƌĂƌĂŶĐĂĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŽŽŶĞƵŶŝƚĐĂůůĞĚ>ŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ͘tĞ ƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌƐĂƌŽƵŶĚŝƚ͖ƚĂŬŝŶŐĐŽŵŵĂŶĚŽĨd& ƚŽŽŬƚŚĞĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƚŚĂƚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐͲůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ ϭϱϭ͖ƐĞŶĚŝŶŐŽƵƌĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƚŽ&ƌĂŶĐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ ŽĸĐĞƌƐǁŽƵůĚŐŽƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĨƵůůDŝĚƐŚŝƉŵĂŶ ƐƚĞƌƐƵƌĨĂĐĞͲƚŽͲĂŝƌŵŝƐƐŝůĞĮƌŝŶŐ͖ŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞ ĐŽƵƌƐĞĂŶĚŐŽƚŽƐĞĂ͘ŶĚƚŚĂƚƌĞĂůůǇĞƌŽĚĞĚ ƚŽƉƉŝŶŐƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů^ƉĞĐŝĂů ƚŚĞ͚ǇŽƵĂŶĚ/͛ĂŶĚ͚ƵƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŵ͛ŵĞŶƚĂůŝƚǇ͘ &ŽƌĐĞƐĐŽƵƌƐĞͶŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞďĞƐƚƐƉĞĐŝĂůĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͖ĂŶĚŽŶĞŽĨŽƵƌƐďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ tĞǁĞƌĞĂůƐŽǀĞƌǇŚŽŶĞƐƚǁŝƚŚŽƵƌŽĸĐĞƌƐ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚĂǁĂƌĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƌ ŶŽŶͲĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚ ŽĸĐĞƌƐ͕ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĨĞŶĐĞ&ŽƌĐĞŽŵŵĂŶĚĞƌͲŝŶͲŚŝĞĨŵĞĚĂů͘ůů ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐǁĞǁĞƌĞŚĂǀŝŶŐĂŶĚǁŚĂƚǁĞǁĞƌĞ ƚŚŝƐǁĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚǇĂŶĚ ŐŽŝŶŐƚŽĚŽ͘dŚŝƐďƵŝůƚŽƉĞŶŶĞƐƐĂŶĚƚƌƵƐƚ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐŽĨŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞZ^E͘

RADM (NS) Ng Chee Peng͗/ŶϮϬϭϯ͕ǁĞ RADM (RET) Kwek Siew Jin͗ /ƚ ŝƐ ŽƵƌ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚƚŚĞEĂǀǇƚŽƚŚĞƉƵďůŝĐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚEĂǀǇΛ ĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƚŽĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƚŚĞƐƚĂƚƵƐƋƵŽĂŶĚůŽŽŬ sŝǀŽ͕ĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨŽƵƌŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚƚŽ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞĂŶƐ͘ Ăƚ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůǇ͘ ŌĞƌ ŽƵƌ ĐƌŝƐŝƐ ŽĨ /ƚǁĂƐŝŶƐƉŝƌŝŶŐƚŽƐĞĞŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ ΀ƉŽƐƚ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ dŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵ΁͕ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐĂůů ŽĨ ĚƵƚǇ Ăƚ Ăůů ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŚĂƚĐƌĞĂƚĞĚĂďŝŐĐŚĂŶŐĞǁĂƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ƟƌĞůĞƐƐůǇ ŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŶŝŐŚƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐĂůůǇ͕ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůůǇ ĂŶĚ ǁĞĞŬĞŶĚƐƚŽďƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƵďůŝĐĂƌŽƵŶĚŽƵƌƐŚŝƉƐ ƚĂĐƟĐĂůůǇ͕ƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶũƵƐƚĚƌŝǀŝŶŐƐŚŝƉƐĨƌŽŵ ĂŶĚĞǆŚŝďŝƚƐ͘ ƉŽŝŶƚƚŽƉŽŝŶƚ͘tĞƐŚŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞƚŚĞďĂƐŝĐ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŬŝůůƐ͕ ďƵƚ ǁŚĂƚ ǁĂƐ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƐŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƐƚŽŽĚĂƚƚŚĞĚĞĐŬŽĨŽƵƌ ƚŚĂƚ͍ ^Ž͕ ǁĞ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ŽƵƌ ŽǁŶ ƐŚŝƉƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƵŶƐĞƚ ĐĞƌĞŵŽŶŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĂǁ ŶĞĞĚƐ͖ĂďŽƵƚǁŚĂƚƚŚĞEĂǀǇǁŽƵůĚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚŚƌĂůůĞĚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƵƌ ƚŽŽƉĞƌĂƚĞŝŶŽƵƌƌĞŐŝŽŶ͕ƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶĐŽƉǇŝŶŐ EĂǀǇ͕ǁĞǁĞƌĞƌĞŵŝŶĚĞĚƚŚĂƚǁĞǁĞƌĞŚĞƌĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŶĂǀŝĞƐ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞƌĞ͕ ǁĞ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůŝƐĞĚ ƚŽĚĞĨĞŶĚŽƵƌŶĂƟŽŶ͕ŽƵƌůŽǀĞĚŽŶĞƐĂŶĚŽƵƌ ŽƵƌ ŶĞĞĚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐƵƐƚŽŵŝƐĞĚ ŽƵƌ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŚŽŵĞ͘tĞŚĂĚůŝƩůĞŬŝĚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ ƚŽƐƵŝƚƚŚĞƐĞŶĞĞĚƐ͘ ĐŽŵŝŶŐƵƉƚŽŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƐĂǇŝŶŐƚŚĂŶŬǇŽƵĨŽƌ ƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ ůŝƩůĞ ͚ƚŚĂŶŬ tĞĂƉƉůŝĞĚƚŚŝƐĂĚĂƉƟǀĞƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞǁŝƚŚ ǇŽƵ͛ŶŽƚĞƐ͘zŽƵĐŽƵůĚƐĞĞƚŚĞŝŵŵĞŶƐĞƉƌŝĚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƚŽŽ͘KŶĞĚĂǇ͕ǁĞƚŽŽŬĂůŽŽŬ ďƌŝŵŵŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĨĂĐĞƐŽĨŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞͶƚŚĞǇ ĂŶĚƐĂǁƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞĂŐƌŽǁŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌ 63 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 63

ŽĨĨĞŵĂůĞŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞƐ͕ǁŚŽĐŽƵůĚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůŝƐĞĚ ƚŽƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͘^Ž͕ǁĞƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĞĚǁŽŵĞŶŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ ŽƵƌĨƵƚƵƌĞĨŽƌĐĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĂŶĚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨ EĂǀǇĂŶĚŝŶĚƵĐƚĞĚƚŚĞŵŝŶƚŽĐŽŵďĂƚƌŽůĞƐ͘ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞƐŵĂůůƐŝǌĞŽĨƚŚĞEĂǀǇŵĞĂŶƚ dŚĞǇǁĞƌĞƐĞŶƚŽŶƚŚĞĐŽĂƐƚĂůƉĂƚƌŽůĐƌĂŌĨŽƌ ƚŚĂƚŝƚǁĂƐŵŽƌĞůŝŬĞĂĨĂŵŝůǇ͘tĞŚĂĚĂ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚĞŝƌďƌŝĚŐĞǁĂƚĐŚͲŬĞĞƉŝŶŐ ƐŚĂƌĞĚǀŝƐŝŽŶĂŶĚǁĞƉůĂǇĞĚĂŶĚǁŽƌŬĞĚŚĂƌĚ ĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞ͘tŚĞŶƚŚĞǇƉĂƐƐĞĚ͕ǁĞǁĂŶƚĞĚ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘ ƚŽƉƵƚƚŚĞŵŝŶƚŽƚŚĞDŝĚƐŚŝƉŵĂŶ^ĐŚŽŽůĂƐ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŽĸĐĞƌƐ͘ RADM (RET) Lui Tuck Yew͗ dŚĞ Z^^ Courageous ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚ ΀ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƚƌŽů KŶĞŵŽƌŶŝŶŐǁŚĞŶ/ĂƌƌŝǀĞĚĂƚŵǇŽĸĐĞ;/ ǀĞƐƐĞůĐŽůůŝĚĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŵĞƌĐŚĂŶƚƐŚŝƉŽŶϯƌĚ ǁĞŶƚƚŽǁŽƌŬƋƵŝƚĞĞĂƌůǇͿ͕ƚŚĞƐĞƚǁŽĨĞŵĂůĞ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ͕ϮϬϬϯ͕ŬŝůůŝŶŐĨŽƵƌZ^EƐĂŝůŽƌƐ΁ǁĂƐĂ ŽĸĐĞƌƐǁĞƌĞǁĂŝƟŶŐĨŽƌŵĞĂƚƚŚĞĚŽŽƌ͕ ŚƵŐĞƐĞƚďĂĐŬĨŽƌƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ďƵƚĂůƐŽ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶĂƉƉŽŝŶƚŵĞŶƚ͘dŚĞǇĂƐŬĞĚŵĞ͗͞^ŝƌ͕ ŽŶĞǁŚĞƌĞǁĞƐĂǁƉĞŽƉůĞĐŽŵĞƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌƚŽ ŵĂǇǁĞƐƉĞĂŬǁŝƚŚǇŽƵ͍͟^ƵƌƉƌŝƐĞĚ͕/ƐĂŝĚ͗ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚǀĞƌǇƉŽƐŝƟǀĞůǇ͘/ƚǁĂƐŶŽƚũƵƐƚĂďŽƵƚ ͞^ƵƌĞ͊ŽŵĞŝŶ͘͟dŚĞǇĂƐŬĞĚŵĞ͗͞tĞǁĂŶƚƚŽ ŐĞƫŶŐďĂĐŬŽŶŽƵƌĨĞĞƚ͕ŐŽŝŶŐďĂĐŬŽƵƚƚŽ ĂƐŬǇŽƵŽŶůǇŽŶĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŝƚŝƐƚŚŝƐ͗ŽǇŽƵ ƐĞĂ ĂŶĚ Ăůů ƚŚĂƚ͘ &Žƌ Ă ůŽŶŐ ƟŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ͛Ɛ ƚŚŝŶŬǁŽŵĞŶŽĸĐĞƌƐĐĂŶďĞĐŽŵĞKƐŽĨZ^E ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞǁŽŵĞŶĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƚŽŬĞĞƉŝŶƚŽƵĐŚĂŶĚ ƐŚŝƉƐ͍͟/ƐĂŝĚ͗͞tŚǇŶŽƚ͍/ĨǇŽƵƐŚŽǁǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨ ǀŝƐŝƚ ƚŚĞ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƚĞŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůŽǀĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŽďĞďĞƩĞƌƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŽĸĐĞƌƐ͕ǇŽƵǁŝůůďĞ ƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͘tĞĂƌĞĨĂŵŝůǇĂŌĞƌĂůů͘dŚƌŽƵŐŚĂůů ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĂƐK͘͟dŚĞǇƐĂŝĚ͕͞/ŶƚŚĂƚĐĂƐĞ͕ŵĂǇ ƚŚĞƐĞ͕/ŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚǁĞĐĂŶĐŽƵŶƚŽŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ ǁĞŵĂŬĞĂƌĞƋƵĞƐƚ͍͟/ĂƐŬĞĚ͕͞tŚĂƚŝƐǇŽƵƌ ŽƵƌEĂǀǇ&ĂŵŝůǇ͘ ƌĞƋƵĞƐƚ͍͟dŚĞǇƐĂŝĚ͗͞tĞǁĂŶƚƚŽƌĞŵĂŝŶĂƚ ƐĞĂ͘͟^Ž͕/ůĞŌƚŚĞŵĂƚƐĞĂĂŶĚƚŚĞǇĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůůǇ RADM (RET) Ronnie Tay͗ /ƚ ŝƐ Ă ďŝƚ ŽĨ Ă ďĞĐĂŵĞKƐŽĨƐŚŝƉƐ͘ ĐůŝĐŚĠͶƚŚĞEĂǀǇ&ĂŵŝůǇͶďƵƚŝƚŝƐƚƌƵĞ͘tĞ ŚĂǀĞĂƐƚƌŽŶŐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨďĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐĂŶĚŝĚĞŶƟƚǇ͘ RADM (RET) Richard Lim͗ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ǀĞŶŶŽǁ͕ŵĂŶǇǇĞĂƌƐůĂƚĞƌŽŶ͕ǁĞŚĂǀĞŬĞƉƚ ƐĞƌǀŝŶŐĂƚƐĞĂŝƐƚŚĂƚǇŽƵĂƌĞǀĞƌǇŵƵĐŚŽŶ ŝŶƚŽƵĐŚĂŶĚƐƟůůŵĞĞƚŽŶĞĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͘ŶĚ͕ŝƚŝƐ ǇŽƵƌŽǁŶŽŶĐĞǇŽƵĂƌĞĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨŽƵƌǁŽƌŬĂŶĚŚŽǁǁĞ ǁŚĞŶĂƐǇƐƚĞŵďƌĞĂŬƐĚŽǁŶǁŚĞŶǇŽƵĂƌĞĂƚ ĚĞƉĞŶĚŽŶŽŶĞĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƚŽĚŽŽƵƌƉĂƌƚ͘tŚĞŶ ƐĞĂ͕ ŶŽďŽĚǇ ĐĂŶ ĐĂůů ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŽƌ͘ ƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĞĂƌĞŽŶǁĂƚĐŚ͕ŽŶĚƵƚǇ͕ǁĞŬĞĞƉĂƚŝƚ͕ĞǀĞŶ ƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ͕ǇŽƵĐĂŶŶŽƚũƵƐƚƐŝƚĂƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚ ǁŚĞŶƚŚĞƐĞĂŝƐǀĞƌǇƌŽƵŐŚͶƵŶƟůǁĞĐĂŶŶŽƚ ĚŽŶŽƚŚŝŶŐ͘zŽƵĐĂŶŶŽƚĂďŽƌƚƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ ͚tahan͕͛ĂŶĚƐŽŵĞŽŶĞŽīĞƌƐƚŽƚĂŬĞŽǀĞƌĨƌŽŵ dŚŝƐŵĞĂŶƐǇŽƵŶĞĞĚĂǀĞƌǇĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ƵƐ͘ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐǇƐƚĞŵƐƚŚĂƚǇŽƵŚĂǀĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝƐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ /ƚŝƐŶŽƚũƵƐƚƚŚĞǁĂƌĮŐŚƚĞƌƐďƵƚĂůƐŽƚŚĞ ĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ƉůĂŶ ŵĞƟĐƵůŽƵƐůǇ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞůĂƐŚŽƌĞƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐůŽŐŝƐƟĐĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͘ ǇŽƵ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ŬŶŽǁ ǁŚĂƚ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ƐƉĂƌĞƐ ǇŽƵ dŚĞǇŚĂǀĞƚŽĚŽĂůŽƚƚŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞƚŚĞƐŚŝƉƐĨŽƌ ŶĞĞĚƚŽŚĂǀĞŽŶďŽĂƌĚƐŚŝƉŝŶĐĂƐĞƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ƐĂŝůŝŶŐƐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶĂŌĞƌƚŚĞƐŚŝƉƐƐĂŝů͕ƚŚĞǇĂƌĞ ŐŽĞƐǁƌŽŶŐ͘ ŽŶƐƚĂŶĚďǇŝŶĐĂƐĞƐŽŵĞƐǇƐƚĞŵĚŽĞƐŶŽƚǁŽƌŬ ĂƚƐĞĂ͘ ƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨŽƵƌǁŽƌŬŝŶƚŚĞEĂǀǇ ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĞƌŝŽĚŽĨĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚǇǁĞǁĞŶƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŚĂƐĂĚĞĞƉƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ǁĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĂƌŝŐŽƵƌŝŶƚŚĞǁĂǇ ƚŽƚŚĞEĂǀǇ&ĂŵŝůǇ͖ƚŚĂƚǁĞĞĂĐŚŚĂǀĞŽƵƌƉĂƌƚ ǁĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚĂďŽƵƚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚŽƵƌ ƚŽƉůĂǇŝŶŽƌĚĞƌĨŽƌƵƐƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͕ǁƌŽƚĞŽƵƌƐƚĂīƉĂƉĞƌƐ͕ŵĂĚĞ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘^ŽŝƚŝƐĂEĂǀǇƚŚĂƚĂůůŽĨƵƐ͕ǁŚŽĂƌĞ 64 Conversations With The Chiefs

ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŝƚĂŶĚŚĂǀĞƐƉĞŶƚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞŝŶ ĚŝĸĐƵůƚƉĞƌŝŽĚďƵƚ/ƐĂǁƚŚĞǁŚŽůĞEĂǀǇ&ĂŵŝůǇ ŝƚ͕ĂƌĞĂůůǀĞƌǇƉƌŽƵĚŽĨ͘ ĐŽŵŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂŶĚďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐĞǀĞŶƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌ ŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚƐƚŽĨƚŚĞĐƌŝƐŝƐ͘dŚĞĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞĐŽƵůĚ RADM (NS) Chew Men Leong͗ dŚĞ EĂǀǇ ĞĂƐŝůǇ ŚĂǀĞ ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ͖ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĐŽƵůĚ ŚĂǀĞ ƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞǁĞŶĞĞĚƚŽƉƵƚĂůŽƚŽĨƚƌƵƐƚ ďůĂŵĞĚĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ͕ƌƵŶĂƉĂƌƚŝŶǀĞƌǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŝŶ ŽŶĞ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͘ ĞŝŶŐ ƵƉ ĐůŽƐĞ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ͘/ŶƐƚĞĂĚǁĞďŽŶĚĞĚƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂƐ ǁŝƚŚƌĞĂůͲůŝĨĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐŽƵƚĂƚƐĞĂŵĂŬĞƵƐ ŽŶĞ͕ŽǀĞƌĐĂŵĞƚŚĞĐƌŝƐŝƐĂŶĚďĞĐĂŵĞƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌ ƌĞĂůŝƐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŽƵƌ ůŝǀĞƐ ĚĞƉĞŶĚ ŽŶ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ĂƐĂŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂƐĂĨĂŵŝůǇ͘dŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞƐƉŝƌŝƚ ŝŶŐƌĂŝŶĞĚŝŶƵƐƚŚĂƚŝĨǁĞĚŽŶŽƚŐĞƚŽƵƌĂĐƚ ŽĨŽƵƌEĂǀǇ&ĂŵŝůǇ͘ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ǁĞĂƌĞŝŶƚƌŽƵďůĞ͕ĂŶĚǁĞŬŶŽǁŝƚ͘ dŚŝƐďƵŝůĚƐĂůŽƚŽĨƚƌƵƐƚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͘tĞ IN CLOSING ƚƌƵƐƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉǁŝůůŵĂŬĞƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚ dŚĞ EĂǀǇ͛Ɛ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ ^Ɖŝƌŝƚ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĂƚǁĞĂƌĞŚĞĂĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚ ǁĞƌĞƌĞĐƵƌƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŵĞƐƚŚĂƚĞŵĞƌŐĞĚĨƌŽŵ ĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ͘ tĞ ƚƌƵƐƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŽƵƌ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŝůů ƉƵůů ǁŚĂƚƚŚĞĨŽƌŵĞƌŚŝĞĨƐŽĨEĂǀǇƐĂŝĚ͘ƐƚŚĞ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌƚŽŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĚŝĸĐƵůƚŽĨ Z^E ĐĞůĞďƌĂƚĞƐ ŝƚƐ 'ŽůĚĞŶ :ƵďŝůĞĞ͕ ŝƚ ƐĂůƵƚĞƐ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĂƚŬŝŶĚŽĨƚƌƵƐƚŝƐŶŽƚĞĂƐǇƚŽ ƚŚĞŵĞŶĂŶĚǁŽŵĞŶǁŚŽƐĞƚŽŝůĂŶĚĚĞǀŽƟŽŶ ĮŶĚĞůƐĞǁŚĞƌĞ͘ ŚĂǀĞďƌŽƵŐŚƚƚŚĞEĂǀǇƚŽǁŚĞƌĞŝƚŝƐƚŽĚĂǇ͘ RADM (NS) Ng Chee Peng͗dŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƚŽ dŚĞEĂǀǇƐƉŝƌŝƚ͕ĂŬŝŶƚŽƉƌĞĐŝŽƵƐŵĞƚĂůĨŽƌŐĞĚ DϮ:ĂƐŽŶŚĞĞ͛ƐĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚǁĂƐŵŽƐƚƚĞůůŝŶŐŽĨ ŽƵƚŽĨƌĞĮŶĞƌƐ͛ĮƌĞ͕ŚĂƐĞŵĞƌŐĞĚƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŵĞƩůĞ͕ƚŚĞƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŽĨ ƉƵƌĞƌǁŝƚŚĞĂĐŚ͚ƐƚŽƌŵ͛ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞEĂǀǇŚĂƐŚĂĚ ŽƵƌEĂǀǇ͘tŚĞŶ/ŚĂĚĂŵĞĞƟŶŐǁŝƚŚĂůůƚŚĞ ƚŽǁĞĂƚŚĞƌ͘dŚĞŵĂŶǇĐƌƵĐŝďůĞŵŽŵĞŶƚƐŽŶůǇ EĂǀǇ͛ƐĐŽŵŵĂŶĚĞƌƐƚŚĞĚĂǇĂŌĞƌƚŚĞĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚ͕ ƐĞƌǀĞĚƚŽďƌŝŶŐƚŚĞEĂǀǇ&ĂŵŝůǇĐůŽƐĞƌ͘ ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ/ǁĂƐĂƐŬĞĚǁĂƐŶŽƚĂďŽƵƚ ǁŚĂƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ͕ ďƵƚ Ă ŐĞŶƵŝŶĞ ͞^ŝƌ͕ ŚŽǁ ĐĂŶ ƐƚŚĞŚŝĞĨŽĨEĂǀǇ͕ZD;E^Ϳ>ĂŝŚƵŶŐ ǁĞŚĞůƉ͍͟/ƚŝƐĂŐĞƐƚƵƌĞƚŚĂƚƚƌƵůǇƚŽƵĐŚĞĚŵĞ͕ ,ĂŶ͕ǁŚŽŚĂƐƐŝŶĐĞŚĂŶĚĞĚŽǀĞƌĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ĂŶĚƐƟůůƚŽƵĐŚĞƐŵĞĞǀĞŶƚŽĚĂǇ͘ůůĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞ ƚŽZD>ĞǁŚƵĞŶ,ŽŶŐŝŶ:ƵŶĞϮϬϭϳ͕ƐĂŝĚ͕ EĂǀǇ͕ƉĞŽƉůĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽĐŚŝƉŝŶ͕ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌŝƚǁĂƐ ǁŚĞŶŚĞĂƐƐƵŵĞĚŚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŝŶϮϬϭϰ͗͞ƚƚŚĞ ŝŶŚĞůƉŝŶŐ:ĂƐŽŶ͛ƐĨĂŵŝůǇ͕ŽƌŝŶĚŽŶĂƟŶŐďůŽŽĚ͕ ĞŶĚŽĨŝƚĂůů͕ůĞƚŽƚŚĞƌƐũƵĚŐĞƵƐŶŽƚďǇŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽƌŝŶƐƉƌƵĐŝŶŐƵƉ:ĂƐŽŶ͛ƐŚŽƐƉŝƚĂůƌŽŽŵ͘:ĂƐŽŶ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ĂůŽŶĞ͕ ďƵƚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ŚŝŵƐĞůĨǁĂƐƚƌĞŵĞŶĚŽƵƐůǇƐƚƌŽŶŐ͘/ƚǁĂƐĂǀĞƌǇ ĞīŽƌƚƐĂŶĚĞŶĚĞĂǀŽƵƌ͘͟ 65 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 65

RADM (RET) James LeoVSHQW\HDUVLQWKH561VHUYLQJ¿UVWDVLWV&RPPDQGHUDQGWKHQDV WKH&KLHIRI1DY\EHWZHHQ1RYHPEHUDQG0D\$IWHUOHDYLQJWKHVHUYLFHKHZRUNHGDV ([HFXWLYH'LUHFWRURI36$&KDLUPDQRI&KDUWHUHG,QGXVWULHVRI6LQJDSRUHDQGODWHURI6LQJDSRUH 7HFKQRORJLHV6KLSEXLOGLQJDQG(QJLQHHULQJ

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RADM (NS) Lai Chung HanVSHQW\HDUVLQWKH561VHUYLQJDVWKH&KLHIRI1DY\EHWZHHQ $XJXVWDQG-XQH$IWHUOHDYLQJWKHVHUYLFHKHLVFXUUHQWO\VHUYLQJDV6HFRQG3HUPDQHQW 6HFUHWDU\ +RPH$IIDLUV FRQFXUUHQWZLWKKLVDSSRLQWPHQWDV6HFRQG 3HUPDQHQW 6HFUHWDU\ (GXFDWLRQ 66 Action on the Frontline

Action on the Frontline By MAJ (RET) ROLAND VIVIAN SIMON

MAJ (RET) Roland Vivian Simon, 84, served in the Navy from when it was the Singapore Division of the Malayan Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve Ɵll he reƟred from the RSN. He recalls his eǆperiences during and aŌer Konfrontasi.

MAJ (RET) Roland Simon at the Remembrance Day Service at Kranji War Memorial on 1ϯth November 2Ϭ1ϲ.

Three deĮning moments of my naval career leŌ, only to return with a third customs boat are forever etched into my memory. and two KomarͲclass motor torpedo boats.

In 1ϵϲϱ, I was in command of the >TA Andy Miller, Commanding Kĸcer ;CKͿ minesweeper, K Lanka Suka, when it received of K Panglima, and I came up with a baƩle a signal to assist K Panglima oī Sultan Shoal >ighthouse, near :urong Island. Two Indonesian plan. ,e would concentrate on the three customs boats had ignored warnings and customs boats while I would handle the other intruded into Singapore territorial waters. two. I informed the Navy headƋuarters about then K Panglima Įred a warning shot, they our plan and called for reinforcements. te 67 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 67

When the frigate arrived, gun, I ordered one round to be Įred across its bow from our ϰ0mm ofors gun. ThereaŌer, I briefed its captain, who it sped oīͶI had never seen a customs boat commended us for our move so fastͶblack smoke billowing from bravery ... I remember its exhaust pipe, towards rothers Island oī telling Miller that we Sumatra, Indonesia. might not survive— In 1ϵϲϳ, I was in command of ZSS Panglima, but we did. We stood which was patrolling oī Wulau Senang when up to their challenge, gunĮre was heard. Near Sultan Shoal, an Indonesian customs boat was Įring at a large ƵŶǁŝƫŶŐůǇĐĂůůĞĚƚŚĞŝƌ tongkang ;bumboatͿ with automaƟc weapons. ďůƵīĂŶĚĞŵĞƌŐĞĚ te went full speed to the rescue. then we unscathed, thanks to our came within range, I told my ExecuƟve Kĸcer, >TA Ng Kim zam, to Įre our starboard ren reinforcements. gun at the wheelhouse and radar scanner of the customs boat. It retreated. I reported the were on standby to evade any torpedoes incident to ,Q before inspecƟng the tongkang. for a tense seven minutes, unƟl four aircraŌ The helmsman had been shot dead by the from the Zoyal Air Force and Zoyal Australian customs boat. An old man knelt down and Air Force Ňew over from Tengah Air ase, begged me not to shoot him. ,e burst into and a riƟsh frigate approached us from the tears when we gave him coīee and reassured direcƟon of Wulau Wisang, Malaysia. The Įve him that everything was all right. boats immediately headed for Karimun Island. then ZSS Panglima went for its scheduled then the frigate arrived, I briefed its maintenance a year later, guess which ship was captain, who commended us for our bravery. at the next slipway͍ It was the customs boat, hnaware that the motor torpedo boats were with bullet holes all over its wheelhouse and unarmed, we had hoped for the best and were radar scanner. then our new crew members prepared for the worst. I remember telling asked what had happened, its crew members Miller that we might not surviveͶbut we did. replied͗ ͞on’t you remember͍ zou shot at te stood up to their challenge, unwiƫngly us͊͟ They said it was a good thing we didn’t use called their bluī and emerged unscathed, our ofors gun or we would have sunk their thanks to our reinforcements. boat that day.

In 1ϵϲϲ, K Lanka Suka spoƩed an Indonesian customs boat alongside a Malaysian police patrol boat oī WonƟan, Malaysia. I signalled to the customs boat to leave, or we would shoot. ,owever, the boat lingered. then its crew scrambled towards its 12.ϳmm 68 The Paths of the Pioneers

The Paths of the Pioneers

In early 2Ϭ1ϳ, pioneer sailors (from leŌ to right) ME4 Jaya Sankaran, ME4 Lim Kheng Peow, MEϱ Roger Seow, MEϱ Michael Chan and MEϱ Nagara Raja shared stories about they helped one another through tough Ɵmes.

When ME4 Lim Kheng Peow, 60, enlisted in the Navy in 1975, its recruitment tagline was: “Join the Navy, see the world.” He got his When asked what kept Įrst taste of travelling abroadͶand ϯmͲhigh wavesͶsailing on board the CountyͲclass him going despite tough landing ship tank, RSS Intrepid, to Kaohsiung, ƟŵĞƐ͕Dϱ^ĞŽǁƐĂŝĚ͗ Taiwan. “I saw thin cracks amidships, and started to worry that the ship might break “The people. We always into two͊ I remember thinking, did I buy ůŽŽŬĞĚĂŌĞƌŽŶĞĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͘ enough insurance?” he chuckled. These ships had much sea Ɵme, having served with the I would have lost so much hnited States Navy since World War II before ŝĨ/ŚĂĚůĞŌ͘͟ coming into service under the RSN for just a dollar each—“a goodwill price from the hS”, he revealed. A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 69

KǀĞƌƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐ͕ƚŚĞƐŚŝƉƐ Lim, who served as an Electrical Technician on the patrol craŌ, RSS Daring, lamented: may have changed— “The fore part of the ship would pound, and ƚŚĞŝƌĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ the bed would go up and down. I always slept there, though.” Grinning, ME5 Roger Seow, 62, ůŝǀŝŶŐĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞ quipped: “Because you were the shortest man on board!” The upside: no compeƟƟon for ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚͶďƵƚƚŚĞŝƌ those bunks. ƉŝŽŶĞĞƌƐ͛ĚƌŝǀĞ͕ĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĞ Their missions also caused physical and ĂŶĚĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞ mental hardship. In the midͲ1970s, when sietnamese ͚boat people’ were aƩempƟng EĂǀǇ^Ɖŝƌŝƚ͕ŚĂǀĞĞŶĚƵƌĞĚ͘ to reach Singapore, the missile gunboat, RSS Sea Tiger, once had to stay at sea patrolling esides material faƟgue, engineering for 12 days. This was far longer than the seven problems also surfaced. Most of the criƟcal days it was designed for. Water had to be defects were recƟĮed by the crew. ME4 Jaya raƟoned as water producƟon on board was Sankaran, 56, who was the Main Engine Room limited. PrevenƟng these ͚boat people’ from InͲCharge, recounted how his department entering Singapore was an emoƟonal struggle. rushed to repair the landing ship tank, RSS ME5 Seow, who was its Chief Radar PloƩer, Eǆcellence, when its port engine failed en recalled: “We felt great sadness for them. But route to Goa, India: “Besides the challenges orders were orders.” of bad sea state and the space constraint, the engines had been running nonͲstop for four The recurring theme: life on board the daysͶit was hot as hell͊ We worked from 6am Navy’s earlier plaƞorms was not easy. When to midnight. But we achieved it!” asked what kept him going despite tough Ɵmes, ME5 Seow said: “The people. We always The crew also took immense pride in their looked aŌer one another. I would have lost so seamanship. They went into ͚oͲItͲzourself’ much if I had leŌ.” mode to make ropes for bell strikers and “all sorts of decoraƟve knots for the gangway”, ME5 Michael Chan, 56, remembered how reminisced ME5 Nagara Raja, 5ϴ, showing the crew of RSS Sea Scorpion helped him rush a white, knoƩed seaman’s belt he had made back from a sorƟe in the South China Sea aŌer while serving as a weapons specialist on the learning that his wife was in labour. “I got to IndependenceͲclass patrol craŌ. witness the birth of my child because of them,” he said, smiling. PracƟsing this sailor’s craŌ provided distracƟon from the cramped living condiƟons Over the years, the ships may have on board the patrol craŌ. The sailors had to changedͶtheir capabiliƟes and living squat along passageways and even on the condiƟons have improvedͶbut their pioneers’ drive, discipline and courage, as well as the exposed deck to eat their meals. They had to Navy Spirit, have endured. take turns to use the bunks in the small forward mess. The most unpopular were the Įrst two shorter bunks near the bow of the ship. ME4 70 Against All Odds to Reach New Frontiers

Against All Odds to Reach New Frontiers

Two classes of ships in two diīerent eras, but with one thing in common͗ their pioneer crew overcame all odds to bring new capabiliƟes to the Navy. In 2ϬϬϱ, Singapore’s Įrst frigate, RSS Formidable, departed France for its ϯϵ-day journey across the AtlanƟc Ocean, heralding the ϯrd GeneraƟon transformaƟon of the Navy. Similarly, almost ϯϬ years before that, RSS Mercury and RSS Jupiter slipped oī San Francisco for their tumultuous ϲϯ-day journey across the PaciĮc Ocean to Singapore, to add minesweeping capabiliƟes to the then-Ňedgling Navy.

>ĞŌ͗ CPT Tan Peng zong (leŌ), CO of RSS Mercury, and LTA Kwek Siew Jin, CO of RSS Jupiter, at the homecoming ceremony for both ships on 4th June 1ϵϳϲ. (Picture courtesy of RADM (RET) Kwek Siew Jin). Right͗ COL Jackson Chia, CO of RSS Formidable, at the frigate’s commissioning on ϱth May 2ϬϬϳ.

RADM (NS) Jackson Chia, 48, pioneer CO of RSS Formidable, shared that there was great ĞǆĐŝƚĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƚƌĞƉŝĚĂƟŽŶ͘ ͞ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ Two classes of ships in we had a good 15-year experience running ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĞƌĂƐ͕ďƵƚ ƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝůĞĐŽƌǀĞƩĞƐ͕ƚŚĞĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐŶĞĐĞƐƐŝƚĂƚĞĚ with one thing in common: ŶĞǁŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ͘dŚĞ ships were also designed for a lean crew, aided ƚŚĞŝƌƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĐƌĞǁ ďǇƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚĂƵƚŽŵĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌ ŽǀĞƌĐĂŵĞĂůůŽĚĚƐƚŽďƌŝŶŐ crew would have to translate that vision into ŶĞǁĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐƚŽ ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ͘͟ the Navy.

Although RSS Formidable could have taken the shorter route through the Suez Canal, the A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 71

ĐƌĞǁƐĞƩůĞĚŽŶƚŚĞůŽŶŐĞƌƚůĂŶƟĐƌŽƵƚĞƚŽ ͞dŚŝƐũŽƵƌŶĞǇďĞĂƌƐ put the ship through a rigorous test of rough ƚĞƐƟŵŽŶǇƚŚĂƚǁĞĐĂŶ seas, learning from the accompanying team of ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůƐŚŝƉďƵŝůĚĞƌƐ͘dŚĞĐƌĞǁĂůƐŽŚĂĚ accomplish seemingly to mount security watches due to concerns ŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƉŝƌĂĐǇ ĂŶĚ ƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐŵ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞů ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐĂƌĞĨƵůƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ even forwent their liberty runs at the ports- ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ ŽĨͲĐĂůů͘ĂĐŬŚŽŵĞ͕ƚŚĞǇĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƉƌĂĐƟƐŝŶŐ͕ ĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ͘͟ spending at least a third of each month at sea ĨŽƌƚƌŝĂůƐ͕ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶǇĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶƚƐ͘dŚĞǇŬŶĞǁ ͲZD;ZdͿ<ǁĞŬ^ŝĞǁ:ŝŶ͕ ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚĨĂŝů͘ then-CO of RSS Jupiter

ĂĐŬŝŶϭϵϳϲ͕ƚŚĞũŽƵƌŶĞǇŚŽŵĞĨŽƌ ŚŽŵĞ͘dŚĞŶĞǆƚŵŽƌŶŝŶŐ͕ƚŚĞhÊĂǀǇƐĞŶƚĂ the minesweepers, which were designed for WϯKƌŝŽŶĂŝƌĐƌĂŌƚŽƐĞĞŝĨǁĞǁĞƌĞƐƟůůĂŇŽĂƚ͘͟ ĐŽĂƐƚĂůǁĂƚĞƌƐ͕ǁĂƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƐĂŝůŝŶŐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞ tŝƚŚĂƐŵŝůĞŽĨƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƟŽŶ͕ŚĞĂĚĚĞĚ͗͞tŚĞŶ WĂĐŝĮĐKĐĞĂŶĨŽƌƚŚĞEĂǀǇĂŶĚĐƌĞǁ͘/ƚǁĂƐ ŝƚĨŽƵŶĚƵƐ͕ŝƚŇĞǁǀĞƌǇůŽǁ͕ĚŽǁŶƚŽďƌŝĚŐĞ ĂůƐŽƚŚĞĐƌĞǁ͛ƐĮƌƐƚƐĂŝůŝŶŐŚĂůĨǁĂǇĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŚĞŝŐŚƚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŝůŽƚƐĂůƵƚĞĚ͘͟ ƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͕ĂŶĚďŽƚŚƐŚŝƉƐĚĞĂůƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĮĞƌǇ ĨŽƌĐĞƐŽĨŶŽƚŽŶĞ͕ďƵƚƚŚƌĞĞƐƵƉĞƌƚǇƉŚŽŽŶƐ͘ ,ĞƐĂŝĚ͗͞dŚŝƐũŽƵƌŶĞǇďĞĂƌƐƚĞƐƟŵŽŶǇ >d;ZdͿdĂŶWĞŶŐzŽŶŐ͕ϲϴ͕ƚŚĞŶͲKŽĨ that we can accomplish seemingly RSS Mercury, decided to forgo a scheduled impossible missions through careful ŝŶƐƉĞĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŚŝƉ͛ƐĞŶŐŝŶĞƐƐŽƚŚĂƚŝƚĐŽƵůĚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ͘͟ŽƚŚ ůĞĂǀĞ'ƵĂŵĮǀĞĚĂǇƐĂŚĞĂĚŽĨƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞ͘͞ ŵŝŶĞƐǁĞĞƉĞƌƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ŽŶ super typhoon was closing in on Guam, which ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞ ZÊ ďƵŝůƚ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ŵŝŶĞ ŚƵŶƟŶŐ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ Ă ƚǇƉŚŽŽŶ ƐŚĞůƚĞƌ͘ dŚĞŶͲ>d <ǁĞŬ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ /Ŷ ŚŽŶŽƵƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͕ ƟŵďĞƌ Siew Jin, CO of RSS Jupiter,ĂŶĚ/ĂŐƌĞĞĚƚŚĂƚ from RSS Mercury now lines the deck of the ǁĞŚĂĚƚŽůĞĂǀĞŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞůǇ͘dǇƉŚŽŽŶWĂŵĞůĂ tĂƌĚƌŽŽŵŝŶdƵĂƐEĂǀĂůĂƐĞ͘ ripped through Guam two days later and sank ĂůůƚŚĞƐŚŝƉƐƚŚĂƚŚĂĚďĞĞŶƟĞĚƵƉŝŶŚĂƌďŽƵƌ͘͟ Similarly, RADM (NS) Chia said that ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŝŐĂƚĞƐ ǁĂƐ dŚĞ ϭϮϬŬŵͬŚ ǁŝŶĚƐ͕ ǁĂǀĞƐ ƵƉ ƚŽ ϲŵ ŝŶ ĂĐƵůŵŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨŚĂƌĚǁŽƌŬ͕ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ height, and countless mechanical and technical and ͚ĐĂŶͲĚŽ͛ƐƉŝƌŝƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͘͞/Ăŵ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐĚŝĚůŝƩůĞƚŽďůƵŶƚƚŚĞƌĞƐŽůǀĞŽĨƚŚĞ immensely proud of these ships, the crew ĐƌĞǁ ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝƉƐ ŚŽŵĞ͘ ZD ;ZdͿ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ĞǇŽŶĚ ĚĞƚĞƌƌĞŶĐĞ͕ <ǁĞŬ͕ϲϳ͕ƌĞĐŽƵŶƚĞĚ͗͞dǇƉŚŽŽŶKůŐĂŬĞƉƚƵƐŝŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŵƵĐŚͲŶĞĞĚĞĚ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞhÊĂǀĂůĂƐĞĂƚ^ƵďŝĐĂǇĨŽƌŶĞĂƌůǇƚǁŽ ǁĞƌĞŵĂŝŶĂĐƌĞĚŝďůĞŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĨŽƌĐĞŝŶŽƵƌ ǁĞĞŬƐŝŶƐƚĞĂĚŽĨŽƵƌƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚĨŽƵƌĚĂǇƐ͘Ɛ ŵĂƌŝƟŵĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘͟ soon as the weather cleared somewhat, we decided to brave the rough seas and set sail for 72 Bravely Standing Our Ground

Bravely Standing Our Ground By COL SAW SHI TAT

COL Saw Shi Tat, 41, Commander First FloƟlla, was CO of RSS Brave when the Fearless-class patrol vessel was deployed to waters around the island of Pedra Branca, on the day that the InternaƟonal Court of JusƟce passed its verdict on the sovereignty of Pedra Branca.

The day, 23rd May 2008, is etched in my memory. It was the day that the InternaƟonal Court of JusƟce ;ICJͿ passed its verdict on the territorial dispute between Malaysia and Singapore over the sovereignty of Pedra Branca.

In defending Singapore’s sovereignty over Pedra Branca, the RSN conducts regular patrols and responds to mariƟme incidents in and around the waters surrounding it. On the day of the ICJ verdict, my ship, RSS Brave, a FearlessͲclass patrol vessel, was deployed to Pedra Branca waters together with a PCG vessel. From the onset, the situaƟon was tense. The ship and crew were in the highest state of readiness, while exchanging verbal challenges via the marine VHF radio with three Malaysian warships that had been deployed nearby. The On the day of the ICJ verdict on Pedra Branca, COL Saw Shi Malaysian ships were persistent, but my ship Tat, currently Commander First FloƟlla, was in command and my PCG compatriot stood our ground. of RSS Brave, seen here at Tuas Naval Base in 2Ϭ1ϲ

The verbal challenges and manoeuvres crew was resolute and well trained to handle conƟnued for hours, placing the team under such a demanding operaƟonal scenario. Most tremendous stress. But we all knew that we importantly, every team member understood had to maintain our calm. Faced with a volaƟle the signiĮcance of our mission. We knew that situaƟon, I was mindful not to create an our tacƟcal acƟons would potenƟally have unintended skirmish that would escalate the ramiĮcaƟons at the highest level. AŌer the situaƟon. But we also knew we had to stand our ship had been at sea for close to 10 hours, the ground, conducƟng ourselves in a principled Įnal verdict was out. The ICJ awarded Pedra and disciplined manner. I was glad that my Branca to Singapore, Middle Rocks to Malaysia 73 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 73

Duty personnel commemoraƟng NaƟonal Day on Pedra Branca in 2Ϭ1ϳ. The RSN conƟnues to keep watch over Pedra Branca and its surrounding waters in defence of Singapore’s sovereignty.

Unbeknownst to many milestone in our country’s history. The RSN had staunchly defended Singapore’s sovereignty. back home in Singapore, Throughout, I was impressed by the spirit all of us on board bore and professionalism displayed by our people. witness to a milestone For instance, a serviceman postponed his wedding day to focus on the operaƟon, in our country’s history. while three FullͲƟme NaƟonal Servicemen The RSN had staunchly ;NSFsͿ voluntarily extended their NS sƟnts to defended Singapore’s parƟcipate in it. sovereignty. We had played our part, like how many others before us had done. Nine years on, the RSN ships conƟnue to patrol and keep watch and South Ledge, which was visible only at low over the waters around Pedra Branca. Ɵde, to the state in whose territorial waters it is located. Both governments accepted the judgement. Immediately following the verdict, the Malaysian warships duly leŌ the waters surrounding the island.

hnbeknownst to many back home in Singapore, all of us on board bore witness to a 74 Operation Flying Eagle Takes Wing

Operation Flying Eagle Takes Wing

>ĞŌ͗ During OperaƟon Flying Eagle, MEϲ Ben Tay (leŌ) was a SecƟon Head of the OperaƟons Branch, overseeing the loading of supplies and eƋuipment onto the landing ships tank. MEϲ Goh Nai Chuan was a SecƟon Head of the OperaƟonal LogisƟcs Planning Branch, which was responsible for ensuring that the ships could sustain their operaƟons for an eǆtended period. Right͗ COL (NS) Li Lit Siew was the CO of RSS Endurance when the landing ship tank was deployed to Aceh.

It was 31st December, 2004, New Year’s ǀĞ͘&ŝǀĞĚĂǇƐĞĂƌůŝĞƌ͕ĂŵĞŐĂĞĂƌƚŚƋƵĂŬĞŽī the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, “Above and beyond unleashed a massive tsunami—later named its sheer magnitude, the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami—that struck KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ&ůǇŝŶŐĂŐůĞǁŝůů many parts of Asia. At 2pm, the landing ship tank, RSS Endurance, carrying 470 SAF ĂůǁĂǇƐďĞĂƌĞŵŝŶĚĞƌŽĨ personnel, set sail from Tuas Naval Base ƚŚĞƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůŝƐŵĂŶĚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĐĞŚĨŽƌKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ&ůǇŝŶŐĂŐůĞ͘/ƚǁĂƐ ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŽĨƚŚƌĞĞůĂŶĚŝŶŐƐŚŝƉƐƚĂŶŬƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞ ƚĞŶĂĐŝƚǇŽĨŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ eventually deployed, together with numerous tŚĞŶƚŚĞĐĂůůĐĂŵĞ͕ǁĞ ĨĂƐƚ ĐƌĂŌ ĂŶĚ ŚĞůŝĐŽƉƚĞƌƐ͘ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ &ůǇŝŶŐ rose to the occasion and Eagle remains the largest humanitarian aid ĂŶĚĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƌĞůŝĞĨŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ^&ŚĂƐ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚ͘͟ undertaken. ͲK>;E^Ϳ>ŝ>ŝƚ^ŝĞǁ͕ The Navy had only days, instead of the ƚŚĞŶͲKŽĨZ^^Endurance usual weeks it would take, to prepare for a 75 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 75

Supplies and eƋuipment were transferred to Aceh from the landing ships tank, anchored oī its coast, via the fast craŌ. These helped the survivors cope with the aŌermath of the 2ϬϬ4 Boǆing Day Tsunami.

ĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽŶƚŚĞƐĐĂůĞŽĨKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ&ůǇŝŶŐ and 350 pallets of equipment and supplies that ĂŐůĞ͘Dϲ'ŽŚEĂŝŚƵĂŶ͕ϱϬ͕ƚŚĞŶĂ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ĐŽƵůĚĮůůĂĨŽŽƚďĂůůĮĞůĚǁĞƌĞůŽĂĚĞĚŽŶďŽĂƌĚ ,ĞĂĚŝŶƚŚĞEĂǀĂů>ŽŐŝƐƟĐƐŽŵŵĂŶĚ͛Ɛ RSS Endurance͕ ƐƚƌĞƚĐŚŝŶŐ ĂůŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƟƌĞ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů >ŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƌĂŶĐŚ͕ ǁŚŽ length of the 141m-long ship. This would have ǁĂƐƚŚĞůĞĂĚůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐƉůĂŶŶĞƌĨŽƌƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ normally taken weeks to accomplish. confessed that the demands “stretched my physical and mental resources to the limit, The speed at which all three services working close to 18 hours a day for at least planned and executed this large-scale three weeks and returning home every day ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ͞ǁĂƐ ƚĞƐƚĂŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ŽƵƌ at midnight.” interoperability”, said COL (NS) Li Lit Siew, 49, then CO of RSS Endurance. “At the onset, Loading RSS Endurance in such a short we didn’t know exactly where in Indonesia ƟŵĞ ǁĂƐ Ă ŚƵŐĞ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ we would be deployed to and for how long. ůĂƌŐĞ ƋƵĂŶƟƟĞƐ ŽĨ ŝƚĞŵƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ All we knew was that we had a mission to ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚǇŽĨƚŚĞŝƌĂƌƌŝǀĂůƟŵĞƐĂƚƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƌǇŽƵƚĂŶĚǁĞĚŝĚŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞĂůŽƚŽĨƟŵĞƚŽ ǁŚĂƌĨ͘DϲĞŶdĂǇ͕ϰϯ͕ƚŚĞŶĂ^ĞĐƟŽŶ,ĞĂĚ prepare for it. The crew neither complained ŝŶƚŚĞEĂǀĂů>ŽŐŝƐƟĐƐŽŵŵĂŶĚ͛ƐKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŶŽƌƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĞĚƚŚĞŽƌĚĞƌƐĚĞƐƉŝƚĞƚŚĞŚĂƌĚ Branch, recalled: “We had our loading team ǁŽƌŬ͕ĨĂƟŐƵĞĂŶĚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚǇ͘ƚƐŽŵĞƉŽŝŶƚƐ͕ and equipment on standby 24/7 by the wharf ƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞƉƵůůŝŶŐĐůŽƐĞƚŽϮϰͲŚŽƵƌƐŚŝŌƐďƵƚ ƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚůŽĂĚŝŶŐŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĂĚĂƉƚƚŽƚŚĞ ƚŚĞǇƉĞƌƐĞǀĞƌĞĚ͘dŚŝƐĮůůĞĚŵĞǁŝƚŚŝŵŵĞŶƐĞ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶĂƐŝƚƵŶĨŽůĚĞĚ͘/ƚǁĂƐŵĞŶƚĂůůǇĂŶĚ pride and respect for them.” He recounted: physically taxing.” Within 72 hours, 51 vehicles “Once we were deployed, we had to rely on 76 Operation Flying Eagle Takes Wing the combined ingenuity of all three services to overcome the challenges that we faced.” For instance, on arrival at Aceh, the naval divers and the Army’s combat engineers worked immediately together to establish landing ƐŝƚĞƐĂŵŝĚĚĞďƌŝƐƚŚĂƚůĞŌŵĂŶǇƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞ shoreline impassable, so that the ůĂŶĚŝŶŐĐƌĂŌ could deliver the cargo ashore. On days that ƚŚĞEĂǀǇĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚůĂƵŶĐŚƚŚĞůĂŶĚŝŶŐĐƌĂŌ due to rough seas, the Air Force’s helicopters ƐƚĞƉƉĞĚŝŶƚŽŬĞĞƉĂŝĚŇŽǁŝŶŐ͘

K> ;E^Ϳ >ŝ ƌĞŇĞĐƚĞĚ͗ “There was ĐŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂŶĚƚŚŝƐ seamless interoperability could only be ĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽŽƵƌƚŽƵŐŚĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ together and unity of purpose. Above and ďĞǇŽŶĚŝƚƐƐŚĞĞƌŵĂŐŶŝƚƵĚĞ͕KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ Flying Eagle will always be a reminder of the professionalism and tenacity of our people. When the call came, we rose to the occasion and delivered. We made it happen.” 77 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 77

Operations Far Away From Home By COL (NS) RICHARD LIM

COL (NS) Richard Lim, 41, reŇected on his eǆperience in Įve operaƟons to keep the peace far beyond Singapore’s shores.

Since 2ϬϬϯ, COL (NS) Lim has parƟcipated in several peace support and counter-piracy operaƟons, contribuƟng to security beyond the region.

I am oŌen asked why the RSN deploys its ships for farͲŇung operaƟons that do not seem relevant to Singapore, such as OperaƟon Securing the sea lanes in a Blue Orchid to reconstruct postwar Iraq, and OperaƟon Blue Sapphire against piracy part of the world far away in the Gulf of Aden. TransnaƟonal threats ĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇĂīĞĐƚƐ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͕ have emerged in our interconnected world. Securing the sea lanes in a part of the world ĂŵĂƌŝƟŵĞĂŶĚƚƌĂĚĞͲ far away directly aīects Singapore, a mariƟme ĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚŶĂƟŽŶ͘ and tradeͲdependent naƟon. oing our part to help others and working with likeͲminded 78 Operations Far Away From Home partners place Singapore in good stead to dŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů advance the culture of collaboraƟon, much needed in dealing with the challenges of the experience honed our changing security environment. ƚĂĐƟĐƐ͕ƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐĂŶĚ

In my Įrst such operaƟon, the Įrst ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ͘͘͘dŚĞŵŽƌĞ OperaƟon Blue Orchid deployment in 2003, ƟŵĞƐǁĞĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚ͕ƚŚĞ I served as the task group OperaƟon Oĸcer on RSS Endurance. eploying to a postwar ďĞƩĞƌǁĞďĞĐĂŵĞ͘ environment for some three to four months and working with coaliƟon forces some 4,000 Around 2009, the spike in piracy in the Gulf nauƟcal miles away from Singapore was of Aden meant an urgent need to contribute unimaginable before we had the EnduranceͲ to counterͲpiracy operaƟons to protect class landing ships tank, which had a new suite global mariƟme commerce. Ships that pass of capabiliƟes. Previously, under OperaƟon through the Suez Canal in EgyptͶa vital sea Blue Heron in East Timor in 1999, the CountyͲ lane between ports in Europe and AsiaͶsail class landing ship tank, RSS Eǆcellence, served through this area and the concentraƟon of only as a transport plaƞorm doing ͚milk unprotected shipping there made it a lucraƟve runs’ for military vehicles and equipment. target for sea pirates. hnder a hN Security Council ResoluƟon, the SAF deployed a Task So the excitement for OperaƟon Blue Orchid Force for OperaƟon Blue Sapphire, for which was palpable. I was the Commander Task Group. Since One of our tasks was to patrol and conduct then, the SAF has deployed Įve ships and a security sweep operaƟons in the Northern mariƟme patrol aircraŌ and also assumed four Arabian Gulf, speciĮcally in the vicinity of the successful commands of Combined Task Force 151, the mulƟnaƟonal naval force established AlͲBasrah Oil TerminalͶIraq’s lifeline in the to disrupt piracy and armed robbery at sea. On export of oil to the world. We knew that the a deployment under OperaƟon Blue Sapphire threat there was real and we could never be in 2011, RSS Endeavour foiled an aƩempt certain that the ships being screened did not by pirates to board a merchant vessel. The have hosƟle elements aboard. We worked out Navy ship subsequently ordered the pirates detailed responses to unfamiliar scenarios, back to their mother ship and destroyed the developed sensible rules of engagement abandoned skiī that they had used in their and tested them through rigorous tableͲtop boarding aƩempt. exercises. Training was extensive and tough, but we learned a lot fast. Going for such operaƟons has made me more conĮdent because I am compelled to The operaƟonal experience honed our adapt and respond quickly to unexpected tacƟcs, techniques and procedures. At the situaƟons. If the RSN could do well in a strategic level, we learned to deploy for Ňuid environment, not bound by exercise extended periods and at extended ranges constructs, we would similarly succeed in a from Singapore. We also learned from working diīerent seƫng. I’m proud to have represented alongside other navies that were experienced my country and the RSN in such operaƟons, in peace support operaƟons. The more Ɵmes knowing that I’ve played a part towards safe we deployed, the beƩer we became. and secure seas for all. 79 A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 79

The Importance of Being Prepared By ME6 TOH HAI LIANG

MEϲ Toh Hai Liang, 4ϱ, currently the Head of the Integrated OperaƟonal LogisƟcs Centre, outlined his eǆperience in logisƟcs planning when he was Head of the Fleet LogisƟcs Branch in 2Ϭ12.

Enabling the ships to achieve mission success gives MEϲ Toh Hai Liang and his team of engineers great saƟsfacƟon.

In July 2012, when my team heard that A wellͲdesigned logisƟcs plan is criƟcal for the two Harpoon missiles launched from achieving mission success and safety. RSS Formidable hit their target in the Rim of the PaciĮc ;RIMPACͿ Exercise, we were just You do not want the ship and helicopter as exhilarated as those in the ship’s Combat to develop a criƟcal defect in the middle of InformaƟon Centre. While the missile Įring the PaciĮc Ocean, without the necessary took all of a few seconds, my team of engineers engineering spares for recƟĮcaƟon. In order and logisƟcians had taken months to prepare for us to develop a robust logisƟcs sustenance for itͶdevising a robust maintenance schedule plan for our deployments, it is important for for the frigate, and loading aviaƟon spares for us to have an inƟmate understanding of the its SͲ70B naval helicopter on board. operaƟonal requirements of the ship and the 80 The Importance of Being Prepared

The safe return of the A warship at sea can have its essenƟal machinery, such as engines, radars and ƐŚŝƉĂŌĞƌĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů electricity generators, running 24 hours a mission gives my team day, for days on end, as it journeys from one port to another. In the past, once the ships ŽĨĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌƐĂŶĚŵǇƐĞůĨ leŌ harbour, they would be leŌ to fend for ŐƌĞĂƚƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƟŽŶ͕ŬŶŽǁŝŶŐ themselves in terms of engineering support. ƚŚĂƚ͘͘͘ǁĞŚĂǀĞƉůĂǇĞĚĂ Now, there is always a team of engineers and logisƟcians back at home, ready to answer to ŬĞǇƌŽůĞŝŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐƚŚĞ the ship’s call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Z^E͛ƐĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚĨŽƌĐĞ͘ This gives conĮdence to the ships that they are well taken care of, wherever they are in the world. The safe return of the ship aŌer a mission. These high engineering standards and successful mission gives my team of engineers proper planning have enabled the successful and myself great saƟsfacƟon, knowing that and safe compleƟon of all the Navy’s while most of our work is behind the scenes, deployments. we have played a key role in supporƟng the RSN’s deployed force. The constant challenge for the Naval LogisƟcs Command ;NALCOMͿ is to ensure logisƟcal readiness of all ships given Įnite resources. In fact, soon aŌer RSS Formidable Įred the missiles, RSS Stalwart sailed to Australia and New ealand in August and RSS Intrepid was deployed for counter- piracy operaƟons in the Gulf of Aden in September. For a small Navy, these back- to-back deployments were no mean feat. It necessitated the development of a support system to prepare three diīerent task groups for three diīerent operaƟons in three very diīerent parts of the world. In parƟcular, modifying RSS Intrepid—a frigate designed for convenƟonal naval warfare—to conduct counter-piracy operaƟons was something that was unprecedented for our engineers from the Fleet and NALCOM. These modiĮcaƟons required us to Įt addiƟonal cradles for addiƟonal rigid hull inŇatable boats and their launch and recovery system, and more bunks for more crew members. This necessitated a return to the original blueprints to see how best these changes could be incorporated into the original design. A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 81

You’ll Never Walk Alone

LCP Kenneth Tan (third from right) compleƟng NDU Hell Week in August 2ϬϬϳ. (Picture courtesy of CPT (NS) Kenneth Tan)

A former naval diver who enjoyed “This is our spirit as naval compeƟng in adventure races and riding his divers - we will never mountain bike, CPT ;NSͿ Kenneth Tan, 28, was devastated when he was diagnosed with a leave our buddy behind, debilitaƟng disease. But he was determined to we don’t give up on one complete one last race, and succeeded—with another.” the help of his NS mates. - CPT (NS) Kenneth Tan In 2014, he discovered that he suīered from Strumpell Lorrain isease, which reduces my ears. I was so depressed and wanted to give up on everything.” one’s control over and sensaƟon in the legs, aŌer failing his 2.4km run during the Individual Instead of giving up, CPT ;NSͿ Tan, with Physical ProĮciency Test, the standard physical the support of his buddy, 3SG ;NSͿ Nicholas Įtness test in the Singapore Armed Forces. Yeo, also 28, decided to parƟcipate in a 10km “I knew that something was wrong when I race together during the Army Half Marathon couldn’t even pass. When the medical oĸcer in August that year—one last race “before told me about my condiƟon, I couldn’t believe calling it quits”, he said. At 7.10am on the race 82 You’ll Never Walk Alone day, the duo was waiƟng at the starƟng line walks with me. It’s a lot of eīort and a clear when they heard a group of men singing the sign that they have not given up on me.” Nh song from a distance away. CPT ;NSͿ Tan In keeping with this spirit, he and his thought that the men, dressed in the same buddies plan to take part in a 10km walk in lime green T-shirt, “must be some regulars the Army Half Marathon again in 2017—the from Nh”, unƟl they approached him and he 10th anniversary of their enlistment—although th recognised them—all the 62 others in his 27 he will need a mobility aid to do so. “I want to batch of naval divers. do something back for my batch boys because they have done so much for me.” His buddies had spent months gathering everyone, including those overseas, for this race. They even pooled money to fund the airfare for one of them who was studying in Australia. Although it had been Įve years since their NS days, they all wanted to do something to encourage CPT ;NSͿ Tan not only during the race, but also in his life. One of them, CPL ;NSͿ Koh Long Cheng, 28, a research and development engineer, said: “It didn’t take much to get everyone together as we were all very willing to do something for Kenneth. He is very strong and deĮnitely an inspiraƟon for many of us.”

Touched beyond words, CPT ;NSͿ Tan told himself that giving up was deĮnitely not an opƟon. “I knew that they would drag me through to the Įnishing line if I couldn’t walk.” Singing the Nh song with gusto, pride and camaraderie, the 63 former naval divers crossed the Įnishing line at 10.12am.

More than a year later, CPT ;NSͿ Tan, who someƟmes has trouble balancing when he walks, said: “If so many people bothered to turn up to support me, I cannot give up. This is our spirit as naval divers—we will never leave our buddy behind, we don’t give up on one another. Actually, it is beyond the race. Many of my batch boys sƟll visit me frequently to do A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 83

Remembering Courageous By COL ONG CHEE WEI

COL Ong Chee Wei, 44, the Head of Naval Personnel Department, was EǆecuƟve Oĸcer of RSS Valiant in 2ϬϬϯ. The missile corveƩe was one of the Įrst few ships to arrive at the scene aŌer a merchant ship collided with patrol vessel RSS Courageous, killing four servicewomen.

It was almost midnight on 3rd January 2003 when RSS ValiantǁĂƐĂĐƟǀĂƚĞĚ͘tŝƚŚŝŶƚǁŽ hours, the crew was assembled and we set sail ĨƌŽŵ dƵĂƐ EĂǀĂů ĂƐĞ͘ ůů ǁĞ ŬŶĞǁ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ one of our own, RSS Courageous, had been ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶĂĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶŽīWĞĚƌĂƌĂŶĐĂĂŶĚǁĞ ŚĂĚƚŽŐĞƚƚŽŝƚĂƐƐŽŽŶĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͘

tŚĞŶǁĞĂƌƌŝǀĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƐĐĞŶĞ͕ǁĞǁĞƌĞ ƐŚŽĐŬĞĚďǇǁŚĂƚǁĞƐĂǁ͘Z^^Courageous ǁĂƐ Ă ƉŝůĞ ŽĨ ŵĂŶŐůĞĚ ƐƚĞĞů ŇŽĂƟŶŐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ͘/ƚƐƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚŵĂƐƚŚĂĚƚŽƉƉůĞĚĂŶĚŝƚƐ ĂŌŚĂĚďĞĞŶƐŚŽƌŶŽīĂŶĚĐƌƵŵƉůĞĚ͘

The Navy Family rallied together and closed ranks. We leaned on one

another for strength COL Ong Chee Wei was the EǆecuƟve Oĸcer of RSS Valiant when the ship was acƟvated to assist RSS Courageous in and encouragement, January 2003. and contributed in tĞŬŶĞǁƚŚĂƚǁĞŚĂĚƚŽůŽŽŬĨŽƌƚŚĞĨŽƵƌ whatever way we ŵŝƐƐŝŶŐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞǁŽŵĞŶĨĂƐƚ͘^ŽŽŶ͕ŝƚƐƚĂƌƚĞĚƚŽ could towards helping ƌĂŝŶŚĞĂǀŝůǇ͘sŝƐŝďŝůŝƚǇĚƌŽƉƉĞĚĂŶĚƚŚĞĂůƌĞĂĚǇ ƌŽƵŐŚ ŵŽŶƐŽŽŶ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ĚĞƚĞƌŝŽƌĂƚĞĚ͘ the servicewomen’s ĞƐƉŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ǁĞĂƚŚĞƌ͕ ǁĞ ƐƚĂƟŽŶĞĚ ŽīͲǁĂƚĐŚ families and the ongoing ĐƌĞǁĂŶĚĞǀĞŶƚŚĞĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚŝƐ ĐƌĞǁ ĂƐ ĞǆƚƌĂ ůŽŽŬŽƵƚƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ďƌŝĚŐĞ ǁŝŶŐƐ͕ ƚŽ ƐĐĂŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĂ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŝŐŶĂů ůĂŶƚĞƌŶƐ͘ darkest period, the Navy ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽĐŚŝƉŝŶ͘DǇŽǆƐǁĂŝŶĂŶĚ Spirit shone through. I had to enforce the crew’s rest cycles so that ǁĞĐŽƵůĚƐƵƐƚĂŝŶŽƵƌϮϰͬϳƌŽƵƟŶĞ͘ 84 Remembering Courageous

While the Navy Family ǀĞƌǇ ǇĞĂƌ ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ͕ ƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ remembers RSS Courageous ďǇ ƌĞŇĞĐƟŶŐ ŽŶ has stumbled before, we ƚŚĞĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƌŝŶŐƚŚĞůĞƐƐŽŶƐůĞĂƌŶƚ͘ have been able to get back tĞĚŽŝƚĨŽƌƚǁŽƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ͘&ŝƌƐƚ͕ǁĞƉĂŝĚĂŚŝŐŚ ƉƌŝĐĞĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƉĂŝŶĨƵůůĞƐƐŽŶĂŶĚǁĞŵƵƐƚŶĞǀĞƌ on our feet and move ĂůůŽǁŝƚƚŽƌĞƉĞĂƚ͘^ĞĐŽŶĚ͕ǁŚŝůĞƚŚĞEĂǀǇ onwards and upwards. &ĂŵŝůǇŚĂƐƐƚƵŵďůĞĚďĞĨŽƌĞ͕ǁĞŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶ ĂďůĞƚŽŐĞƚďĂĐŬŽŶŽƵƌĨĞĞƚĂŶĚŵŽǀĞŽŶǁĂƌĚƐ DĂŶǇŽĨƵƐŝŶƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͕ǁŚŽǁĞƌĞĨƌŝĞŶĚƐŽĨ ĂŶĚƵƉǁĂƌĚƐ͘dŽƋƵŽƚĞZD;ZdͿ>ƵŝdƵĐŬ ŽƌŚĂĚƐĞƌǀĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŶŐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞǁŽŵĞŶ͕ Yew: ͞dŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƐƵĐĐĞĞĚƐŝƐŶŽƚ ǁĞƌĞƐŚĂŬĞŶĂŶĚŝŶŐƌŝĞĨĂŌĞƌƚŚĞŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚ͘/ ƚŚĞŽŶĞǁŚŝĐŚŚŽůĚƐďĂĐŬ͕ĨĞĂƌŝŶŐĨĂŝůƵƌĞ͕ŶŽƌ ƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌƚŚĞŶͲŚŝĞĨŽĨEĂǀǇ͕ZD>ƵŝdƵĐŬ ƚŚĞŽŶĞǁŚŝĐŚŶĞǀĞƌĨĂŝůƐ͘ZĂƚŚĞƌ͕ŝƚŝƐƚŚĞŽŶĞ zĞǁ͕ƐĂǇŝŶŐƚŚĂƚǁĞŚĂĚƚŽĮŶĚƚŚĞŵͶƚŚĞǇ ǁŚŝĐŚŵŽǀĞƐŽŶŝŶƐƉŝƚĞŽĨĨĂŝůƵƌĞ͘͟ ǁĞƌĞŽƵƌŽǁŶƉĞŽƉůĞ͘dŚĞEĂǀǇ&ĂŵŝůǇƌĂůůŝĞĚ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂŶĚĐůŽƐĞĚƌĂŶŬƐ͘tĞůĞĂŶĞĚŽŶŽŶĞ another for strength and encouragement, and ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚŝŶǁŚĂƚĞǀĞƌǁĂǇǁĞĐŽƵůĚƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ŚĞůƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞǁŽŵĞŶ͛Ɛ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚŝƐ ĚĂƌŬĞƐƚ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ͕ƚŚĞEĂǀǇ^ƉŝƌŝƚƐŚŽŶĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ͘

RSS Valiant ƐƚĂǇĞĚŽŶĨŽƌĂĨĞǁĚĂǇƐƵŶƟů ǁĞǁĞƌĞƌĞůŝĞǀĞĚďǇĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐŚŝƉ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŶĚƌĞƐĐƵĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐůĂƐƚĞĚĨŽƌϭϬĚĂǇƐ͘ůů ďƵƚŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŶŐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞǁŽŵĞŶǁĞƌĞ ĨŽƵŶĚ͘

The experience has shaped me as a ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚĞƌ͘/ƐĂǁŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞEĂǀǇ &ĂŵŝůǇƉƵƚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐĂƐŝĚĞĂŶĚŐŝǀĞƚŚĞŝƌ ƵƚŵŽƐƚƚŽŚĞůƉƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŵƌĂĚĞƐŝŶŶĞĞĚͶŶŽ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ĂƐŬĞĚ͘ / ǁŝƚŶĞƐƐĞĚ ĮƌƐƚͲŚĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ RSS CourageousĐƌĞǁĂŶĚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞƌƐ ĚĞĂůŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ĮƌĞĮŐŚƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ǁŚŝůĞĂƩĞŶĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞŝŶũƵƌĞĚĂŶĚĂƩĞŵƉƟŶŐ ƚŽůŽĐĂƚĞƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŶŐĐƌĞǁ͘dŽƵŐŚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚ ƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĚƌŝůůƐŚĂĚƐƚŽŽĚƚŚĞŵŝŶŐŽŽĚƐƚĞĂĚ͘ The other lesson ingrained in me is that as commanders, we owe it to the families of our crew to grow them professionally and ǁĂƚĐŚĂŌĞƌƚŚĞŝƌƐĂĨĞƚǇ͘/ƚŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞŵǇ ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ĞǀĞƌǇ ĐƌĞǁ ŵĞŵďĞƌ ƐĂĨĞůǇŚŽŵĞĂŌĞƌĞĂĐŚĂŶĚĞǀĞƌǇƐŽƌƟĞ͘ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 85

Once Navy, Always Navy By LTC (NS) CHIU ENG TATT

In 2012, the Navy took the bold move of having ships manned fully by NSmen performing OperaƟonally Ready NaƟonal Service (ORNS). The Navy demands of them the same level of competency and operaƟonal readiness eǆpected of all Navy servicemen. LTC (NS) Chiu Eng TaƩ, ϱ0, then-CO of the ORNS Team of the missile corveƩe, revealed the secret to the naming of RSS Vengeance as the Best Naval NS Unit for two consecuƟve years in 201ϲ and 201ϳ.

LTC (NS) Chiu Eng TaƩ receiving the best NS naval unit award from Minister for Defence Dr. Ng Eng Hen at SAFTI Military InsƟtue on SAF Day, 1st July 201ϲ.

I felt honoured to be given the opportunity tŚĞŶ/ĮƌƐƚŵĞƚŵǇĐƌĞǁ͕/ƐĂǁŶŽĨĂŵŝůŝĂƌ to give this pioneering concept my best faces. Some key appointment holders voiced shot. I remembered the strong camaraderie, ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƉƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ͘ tĞ ǁĞƌĞ ƵŶƐƵƌĞ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ friendship and professionalism during my ƚĞĂŵŚĂĚƚŚĞŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶƚŽĂƩĂŝŶƚŚĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ƟŵĞŝŶƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͕ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇǁŚĞŶƐŚŝƉƐǁĞƌĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͘ &ŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ ^Ɖŝƌŝƚ ǁĂƐ ĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚƚŽƐĞĂ͘ǀĞŶƚŚŽƵŐŚ/ǁĂƐŽůĚĞƌĂŶĚ ƐƟůůǁŝƚŚŝŶĂůůŽĨƵƐ͘tŚĞŶ/ƐƉŽŬĞƚŽƚŚĞĐƌĞǁ ŵŝŐŚƚŚĂǀĞĂůƌĞĂĚǇůŽƐƚŵǇƐĞĂůĞŐƐ͕/ǁĂŶƚĞĚ ĨŽƌƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƟŵĞ͕/ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐĞĚƚŚŝƐ͗ĞǀĞƌǇďŽĚǇ to give it a go. ĐŽƵŶƚĞĚ͕ ǁĞ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ǁĞ 86 Once Navy, Always Navy

LTC (NS) Chiu Eng TaƩ and his crew of RSS Vengeance marking the compleƟ on of their ICT at Tuas Naval Base in August 201ϲ.

ǁŽƵůĚĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚŽƵƌ/ŶͲĂŵƉdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ;/dͿ Just before one training safely and properly. ƐŽƌƟĞŝŶϮϬϭϱ͕W>;E^Ϳ dŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞŽĨďĞŝŶŐE^ŵĞŶŝƐƚŚĂƚ KŶŐŚŽŶŐŽŽŶŚĂĚĂŇĂƚ ŽƵƌ ĐŝǀŝůŝĂŶ ǁŽƌŬ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ ĚĞƐƉŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ /d͘ / ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚƚŚĂƚƐŽŵĞĐƌĞǁŵĞŵďĞƌƐ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ƟƌĞ͘,ĞƐĂŝĚ͗͞ŽŶ͛ƚƐĂŝů ƚŚŽƐĞ ǁŚŽ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶ ƐĂůĞƐ͕ ǁĞƌĞ ĞǆĐƵƐŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚŵĞ͊͟ŌĞƌǁĞƐĞƚ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂŶƐǁĞƌ ƉŚŽŶĞ calls. I adjusted the training programme ƐĂŝů͕/ĨŽƵŶĚŽƵƚƚŚĂƚD^' to cater for short breaks to return calls or ;E^ͿEŐŚĞĞtĞĞƚƵƌŶĞĚ ŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐ͘/ŶƌĞƚƵƌŶ͕ƚŚĞĐƌĞǁƉƵƚĂǁĂǇƚŚĞŝƌ ƵƉĚĞƐƉŝƚĞĨĞĞůŝŶŐƵŶǁĞůů͘ ŵŽďŝůĞ ƉŚŽŶĞƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͘ / ǁĂƐ ŐůĂĚ / could do something so they could give their ,ĞĨĞůƚƚŚĂƚŚĞǁŽƵůĚďĞ ďĞƐƚĚƵƌŝŶŐ/dĚĞƐƉŝƚĞƚŚĞŝƌǁŽƌŬĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐ͘ ĨĂŝůŝŶŐŚŝƐƐŚŝƉŵĂƚĞƐŝĨŚĞ

:ƵƐƚ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ŽŶĞ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƐŽƌƟĞ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϱ͕ ĚŝĚŶŽƚƚƵƌŶƵƉ͘ W>;E^ͿKŶŐŚŽŶŐŽŽŶĐĂůůĞĚŵĞ͘,ĞŚĂĚ ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌĞĚĂŇĂƚƟƌĞ͘/ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƚŚĂƚŚĞǁŽƵůĚ ƐĞƚ ƐĂŝů͕ / ĨŽƵŶĚ ŽƵƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ŽǆƐǁĂŝŶ ƚŚĂƚ not be able to turn up for sailing. Instead, DĂƐƚĞƌ^ĞƌŐĞĂŶƚ;E^ͿEŐŚĞĞtĞĞƚƵƌŶĞĚ ŚĞƚŽůĚŵĞƚŚĂƚŚĞĂƌƌĂŶŐĞĚĨŽƌŽǆƐǁĂŝŶ͕ ƵƉ ĚĞƐƉŝƚĞ ĨĞĞůŝŶŐ ƵŶǁĞůů͘ ,Ğ ĨĞůƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĞ Dϰ;E^ͿůĂŶEĞŽĂŶ>Ăŵ͕ƚŽƉŝĐŬŚŝŵƵƉ͘ ǁŽƵůĚďĞĨĂŝůŝŶŐŚŝƐƐŚŝƉŵĂƚĞƐŝĨŚĞĚŝĚŶŽƚ ,ĞƐĂŝĚ͗͞ŽŶ͛ƚƐĂŝůǁŝƚŚŽƵƚŵĞ͊͟ŌĞƌ ǁĞ ƚƵƌŶƵƉ͘tĞƌĞĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬƐŽƚŚĂƚŚĞ A Maritime Force for A Maritime Nation 87

tŚĞŶǁĞũŽŝŶĞĚƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ͕ǁĞĚŝĚŶŽƚũŽŝŶĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͖ǁĞďĞĐĂŵĞ ƉĂƌƚŽĨĂĨĂŵŝůǇ͘tĞ ŐĂŝŶĞĚĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐĂŶĚ ŐƌĞǁ͕ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ƐŽŵĞŽĨƵƐŚĂǀĞŵŽǀĞĚ ŽŶƚŽŽƚŚĞƌũŽďƐ͕ǁĞ ŶĞǀĞƌĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇůĞĂǀĞͶ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞĨĂŵŝůǇŝƐĨŽƌůŝĨĞ͘

ĐŽƵůĚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞǁŚŝůĞŐĞƫŶŐƚŚĞƌĞƐƚƚŚĂƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ͘dŚĞŝƌĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚŝƐƌĞŇĞĐƟǀĞŽĨŵǇ ĐƌĞǁ͛ƐĚĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶƚŽĚƵƚǇ͘

ƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞ/d͕ŵĂŶǇE^ŵĞŶĂƐŬĞĚ ǁŚĞŶƚŚĞŶĞǆƚƐĞƐƐŝŽŶǁĂƐ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƚ ŽĨĚĞĐŽŶŇŝĐƟŶŐƚŚĞŝƌƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞƐ͘dŚĞǇŚĂĚ ƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚůǇĞŶũŽǇĞĚƚŚĞƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚǁĞƌĞ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚƚŽŐŽŝŶŐďĂĐŬƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘&Žƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ^ƚĂī ^ĞƌŐĞĂŶƚ ;E^Ϳ DĂƩŚĞǁ <ǁĂŶ ǁĂƐƐƵƉƉŽƐĞĚƚŽďĞŝŶdŚĂŝůĂŶĚĨŽƌǁŽƌŬďƵƚ ƚŽŽŬĂŶŶƵĂůůĞĂǀĞƚŽŵĂŬĞŝƚĨŽƌƚŚĞ/dŝŶ ϮϬϭϲ͘dŚĂƚǁĂƐŚŽǁŵƵĐŚŚĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽďĞ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƚĞĂŵƚŚĂƚŚĞŚĂƐŐƌŽǁŶĐůŽƐĞƚŽ͘ tŚĞŶǁĞũŽŝŶĞĚƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͕ǁĞĚŝĚŶŽƚũŽŝŶ ĂŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͖ǁĞďĞĐĂŵĞƉĂƌƚŽĨĂĨĂŵŝůǇ͘ tĞ ŐĂŝŶĞĚ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞǁ͕ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚƐŽŵĞŽĨƵƐŚĂǀĞŵŽǀĞĚŽŶƚŽŽƚŚĞƌ ũŽďƐ͕ ǁĞ ŶĞǀĞƌ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇ ůĞĂǀĞͶďĞĐĂƵƐĞ family is for life. 88 The Navy Song: Onwards & Upwards

The Navy Song: Onwards & Upwards

&ƌŽŵĂŚƵŵďůĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐƚŚĞĚĂǇǁĞǁĞƌĞďŽƌŶ͕ Onwards and upwards we’ve moved on and on. EĞǀĞƌůŽŽŬŝŶŐďĂĐŬǁĞ͛ůůĂůǁĂǇƐŐƌŽǁ͘ Onwards and upwards the best we’ll show.

Chorus: We’re the ones the sons of the sea. Mighty men of the Singapore Navy. We will stand for the right, tĞǁŝůůĮŐŚƚƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚ͘ We will always be true to our land.

Our waters to guard to ensure they are safe. /ƚ͛ƐĂŐƌĞĂƚƚĂƐŬŽŶůǇŵĞĂŶƚĨŽƌƚŚĞďƌĂǀĞ͘ /ƚĚŽĞƐŵĂŬĞƵƐƉƌŽƵĚƚŽŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚǁĞ ůůƉůĂǇĂƉĂƌƚƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŽƵƌƐĞĂƐ͘

tŝƚŚŽƵƌĐŽŵƌĂĚĞƐŝŶĂƌŵƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ>ĂŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌ͕ Together we stand in defence of our land. EĞǀĞƌŇĂŐŐŝŶŐŝŶĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ &ŽƌǁĂƌĚǁĞ͛ůůŵĂƌĐŚŽŶƚŽsŝĐƚŽƌǇ͘

The Navy Song was originally a two-stanza Midshipman Song composed by then-Midshipmen Melvin Huang and Lionel Liew in 1974. It was a song about the Navy’s humble beginnings and the ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŽĨŝƚƐŵĞŶĂŶĚǁŽŵĞŶ͘/ƚĂůƐŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚƚŚĞƐƉŝƌŝƚŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚďĂƚĐŚŽĨůŽĐĂůůǇƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ DŝĚƐŚŝƉŵĞŶĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌĂƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞEĂǀǇ͘dŚĞƐƉŝƌŝƚŽĨƚŚĞƐŽŶŐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚƚŚĞEĂǀǇƐŽ well that it was adopted as the Navy Song.

/Ŷϭϵϴϵ͕ĂƚŚŝƌĚƐƚĂŶǌĂǁĂƐĂĚĚĞĚďǇƚŚĞŚŝĞĨŽĨ^ƚĂīʹEĂǀĂů^ƚĂīĂŶĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌŽĨƚŚĞ:ŽŝŶƚ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚWůĂŶŶŝŶŐŝƌĞĐƚŽƌĂƚĞ͕K>dĞŽŚĞĞ,ĞĂŶ͘,ĞĨĞůƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŇĞĚŐůŝŶŐEĂǀǇ͕ůŝŬĞƚŚĞ EĂǀǇ^ŽŶŐ͕ŚĂĚĂƌƌŝǀĞĚĂƚĂƉŽŝŶƚǁŚĞƌĞŝƚǁĂƐǁƌŝƟŶŐĂŶĞǁĐŚĂƉƚĞƌŝŶŝƚƐŚŝƐƚŽƌǇ͘dŚĞĮƌƐƚƚǁŽ ůŝŶĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŶĞǁƐƚĂŶǌĂŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚƚŚĞŶĞĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞEĂǀǇƚŽǁŽƌŬĐůŽƐĞůǇǁŝƚŚŝƚƐƐŝƐƚĞƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕Ă ŬĞǇĨŽĐƵƐƚŚĞŶĂƐƚŚĞ^&ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚŝŶƚŽĂũŽŝŶƚĨŽƌĐĞ͘dŚĞůĂƐƚƚǁŽůŝŶĞƐƉĂŝĚƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͛Ɛ ĮŐŚƟŶŐƐƉŝƌŝƚŝŶŽǀĞƌĐŽŵŝŶŐĂůůŽĚĚƐƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞsŝĐƚŽƌǇ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐĂƉŝƚĂůsĂůƐŽƐŝŐŶŝĨǇŝŶŐƚŚĞVictory- ĐůĂƐƐŵŝƐƐŝůĞĐŽƌǀĞƩĞƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞƚŚĞŶŐŽŝŶŐŝŶƚŽƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘hŶůŝŬĞƚŚŽƐĞŝŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƚǁŽƐƚĂŶǌĂƐ͕ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚĐŽƵƉůĞƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĞǁƐƚĂŶǌĂĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƌŚǇŵĞ͕ĂŶĚƚŚŝƐǁĂƐĚĞůŝďĞƌĂƚĞ͘/ƚǁĂƐƚŽƐŝŐŶŝĨǇƚŚĂƚƚŚŝƐ ƐƚĂŶǌĂǁĂƐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĞĂƌůŝĞƌƚǁŽƐƚĂŶǌĂƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͛ƐƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ͕ǁŚŝůĞďƵŝůƚŽŶƐƚƌŽŶŐ ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ǁŽƵůĚŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůǇďĞĂĐŽŶƟŶƵĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽůĚ͘

dŽĚĂǇ͕ƚŚĞററEĂǀǇറ^ŽŶŐററĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐറƚŽďĞĂƐƟƌƌŝŶŐƌĞŵŝŶĚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞEĂǀǇ͛ƐĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ͕ƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͘