The Bulwark Magazine of the Scottish Reformation Society
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The Creation of a Calvinist Identity in the Reformation Period
chapter 7 The Creation of a Calvinist Identity in the Reformation Period Ole Peter Grell Calvinism, as opposed to other Protestant confessions quickly developed a pan-European identity during the Reformation period – from the mid- sixteenth to the early seventeenth century. This early modern Reformed iden- tity, including the theology which underpinned it, was shaped by the prolonged experience of persecution, exodus and subsequent exile which came to form the experience of an increasingly large number of influential Calvinist fami- lies. This chapter is concerned with how and why this came about and what it resulted in.1 First, an overview of the size and nature of Calvinist emigration and re- emigration together with a record of the principal places of settlement is pro- vided. Then follows a discussion of the rationale for emigration amongst the wealthy, Calvinist merchants who came to constitute the spine of the exiled Reformed communities and to what extent it was determined by religious and/ or economic factors. This leads into an analysis of the raison d’être which Calvinist exiles applied to their own experiences of persecution, exile, and minority existence, focussing in particular on the role of providential history and the use of the Old Testament as a matrix for their personal experiences. A variety of contemporary sources illustrating the role of providential history and the use of texts from the Bible are quoted here. The second half of the chapter is focussed on the significance of the so- called ‘Weber thesis’ for explaining the success of the first three generations of wealthy Calvinist merchants-bankers who provided leadership for the exiled Calvinist communities across Europe. -
Hot Off the Press!
New Logo Many of you noticed last week in the bulletin that there SEPT 2017 is a new logo for CHPC. This is the first fruit of the HotHot OffOff thethe Press!Press! 9/17/1712/1/13 Identity Team which is itself part of the larger Regen- eration campaign. The team formed at the beginning of 2017 and worked with Brownstone Design to come up with a new logo for our church. 2017 — the 500th Anniversary of the of Scotland. England again stood with the reformers. France sided with Catholic leaders including the regent Queen, Mary PROTESTANT REFORMATION. 9TH IN A SERIES. of Guise (Mary Queen of Scots). In the center of the block-long ‘Reformation Wall’ in Geneva Finally in 1560-1561, the Scottish Parliament met to settle the Switzerland stand four 16 foot tall statues: William Farel (1489-1565); 1 John Calvin (1509–1564); John Knox (1513–1572) and Theodore dispute. They approved the Scots Confession. It abolished Beza (1519–1605). Knox’s amazing life was covered in two articles. the rule of the Pope, condemned all practice and doctrine con- trary to the Reformed Faith, and outlawed the celebration of the mass. One result was that for nearly 400 years educators THE MAN WHO CHANGED SCOTLAND in Scotland were required to affi rm the Scots Confession and ...AND THE WORLD PART 2 later the Westminister Confession. God’s Word became the BY ELDER RICK SCHATZ, EVANGELICAL COMMUNITY CHURCH standard for schools...and it changed Scotland and the world. In the previous article on Knox, Rev Tom Sweets noted: “Some- The controversy between the Reformed Faith and Roman thing dramatic happened in Scotland.. -
Musical (And Other) Gems from the State Library in Dresden
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 23, Number 20, May 10, 1996 Reviews Musical (and other) gems from the State Libraryin Dresden by Nora Hamennan One might easily ask how anything could be left of what was scribe, and illuminations by a Gentile artist painted in Chris once the glorious collection of books and manuscripts which tian Gothic style. An analogous "cross-cultural" blend is were the Saxon Royal Library, and then after 1918, Saxon shown in two French-language illuminated manuscripts of State Library in Dresden. After all, Dresden was razed to the works by Boccaccio and Petrarca, respectively, two of the ground by the infamous Allied firebombing in 1945, which "three crowns" of Italian 14th-century vernacular literature, demolished the Frauenkirche and the "Japanese Palace" that produced in the 15th-century French royal courts. Then had housed the library's most precious holdings, as well as comes a printed book, with hand-painted illuminations, of taking an unspeakable and unnecessary toll in innocent hu 1496, The Performanceo/Music in Latin by Francesco Gaffu man lives. Then, the Soviets, during their occupation of the rius, the music theorist whose career at the Milan ducal court eastern zone of Germany, carried off hundreds of thousands overlapped the sojourns there of Josquin des Prez, the most of volumes, most of which have not yet been repatriated. renowned Renaissance composer, and Leonardo da Vinci, The question is partially answered in the exhibit, "Dres regarded by contemporaries as the finestimprovisational mu den: Treasures from the Saxon State Library," on view at the sician. -
Martin Bucer and the Anabaptist Context of Evangelical Confirmation
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of 5-4-1994 Martin Bucer and the Anabaptist Context of Evangelical Confirmation Amy Nelson Burnett University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Part of the History Commons Burnett, Amy Nelson, "Martin Bucer and the Anabaptist Context of Evangelical Confirmation" (1994). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 12. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MARTIN BUCER AmTHE ANAB Martin Bucer has long been called "the father of evangelied confir- mation" because of the ceremony he prescdbed for the territory of Hesse in 1539. After being called to Hesse by Landgrave Philip to combat the spread of Anahptisrar in his lds, Bucer drdtd both the Ziegenhain disciplinq ordinance, which gave the rationale and general procedure for co tion, and the Kassel church ordinance, which con~nedan agenda for the ceremony. Studies of Bucer's tion ceremony have freqmtly drawn aftention to Anabptist on the propal, that ifluence conning horn Anabaptists in both Strasbourg and Hesse? However, it is one thing to a that Anabaptisb inspired Bucer's proposal for confi tion; it is another to determine which Anabap- tists. Over the past two decades research on the "Radical Reforma- 'Amy Nelson Burnett is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Nebraska- Lincoln. -
“Here I Stand” — the Reformation in Germany And
Here I Stand The Reformation in Germany and Switzerland Donald E. Knebel January 22, 2017 Slide 1 1. Later this year will be the 500th anniversary of the activities of Martin Luther that gave rise to what became the Protestant Reformation. 2. Today, we will look at those activities and what followed in Germany and Switzerland until about 1555. 3. We will pay particular attention to Luther, but will also talk about other leaders of the Reformation, including Zwingli and Calvin. Slide 2 1. By 1500, the Renaissance was well underway in Italy and the Church was taking advantage of the extraordinary artistic talent coming out of Florence. 2. In 1499, a 24-year old Michelangelo had completed his famous Pietà, commissioned by a French cardinal for his burial chapel. Slide 3 1. In 1506, the Church began rebuilding St. Peter’s Basilica into the magnificent structure it is today. 2. To help pay for such masterpieces, the Church had become a huge commercial enterprise, needing a lot of money. 3. In 1476, Pope Sixtus IV had created a new market for indulgences by “permit[ing] the living to buy and apply indulgences to deceased loved ones assumed to be suffering in purgatory for unrepented sins.” Ozment, The Age of Reform: 1250-1550 at 217. 4. By the time Leo X became Pope in 1513, “it is estimated that there were some two thousand marketable Church jobs, which were literally sold over the counter at the Vatican; even a cardinal’s hat might go to the highest bidder.” Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church at 198. -
Architecture, German Identity, and Historical Memory After 1945
THE GERMANIC REVIEW From Frankfurt's Goethehaus to Dresden's Frauenkirche: Architecture, German Identity, and Historical Memory after 1945 SUSANNE VEES-GULANI otions of identity are often linked to specific places and spaces. N Cultural identity is usually rooted within communities that share traditions and a location within a certain geographical region. On a smaller scale, cultural identity is inadvertently tied to the physical structures and the architectural design organizing these spaces. Some groups, for example, might identify with a strong sense of the future and aspire to demonstrate their modernity by erecting contemporary buildings and structures, while others define themselves through his- torical sites (Layton and Thomas 1-2). The former case often leads to the destruction of historical remains to create space for the new; the latter frequently results in far-reaching conservation efforts to pre- serve remnants from the past. Since the late eighteenth century, particularly in many Western na- tions, such conservation efforts have increased, as sites and struc- tures from previous times began to function as visible confirmations of historical and national identity (Hunter 27-28). In the twentieth cen- tury, preservation of historical buildings and places reached new heights (Larkham 39), marking the emphasis many cultures now place on what they consider their heritage. In addition to historicist and nationalist arguments, this trend can be explained by current ex- periences. Maintaining and restoring historical sites lend stability to a world marked by large-scale destruction of familiar environments dur- ing war and rapid urban development, an unease with the modern sit- uation that seems to offer less possibilities of clearly and easily defin- ing oneself, and the fear of an uncertain future (Lowenthal 38). -
Rhine River Reformation Cruise
Rhine River Reformation Cruise JULY 9 – 23, 2018 Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary, with president Dr. Joel R. Beeke, invites you to travel through Europe by deluxe motorcoach and luxurious river cruise ship. We’ll be stopping for day visits at various old cities, many of which house famous sites of pre- Reformation, Reformation, and post-Reformation history. Our tour also features Dordrecht, to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the famous Synod of Dordrecht (Dort). Dr. Beeke, together with Reformation lecturers Dr. Ian Hamilton and David Woollin, will provide fascinating historical and theological addresses and insights along the way, together with highly qualified local guides. Don’t miss this very special occasion! Dr. Joel R. Beeke is president and professor of systematic theology and homiletics at Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary, a pastor of the Heritage Reformed Congregation in Grand Rapids, Michigan, editor of Banner of Sovereign Grace Amsterdam Truth, and editorial director of Reformation Amersfoort Heritage Books. He has written and co- Kralingseveer Woudenberg authored ninety books, edited one hundred books, and contributed 2,500 articles to Dordrecht Reformed books, journals, periodicals, and encyclopedias. His PhD is in Reformation and Post-Reformation theology from Westminster Theological Seminary (Philadelphia). Cologne He is frequently called upon to lecture at seminaries and to speak Rhine at Reformed conferences around the world. He and his wife Mary Marburg have been blessed with three children and two grandchildren. Herborn Dr. Joel R. Beeke | 616-432-3403 | [email protected] Koblenz Cochem Rüdesheim Dr. Ian Hamilton was the minister of Cambridge Presbyterian Church, England, until July 2016. -
Ethics & Critical Thinking in Conservation
his collection of essays brings to focus a moment in the evolution of the & Critical Thinking Ethics Tcomplex decision making processes required when conservators consider the Ethics & treatment of cultural heritage materials. The papers presented here are drawn from two consecutive years of presentations at the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC) Annual Meeting General Sessions. These Critical were, in 2010, The Conservation Continuum: Examining the Past, Envisioning the Future, and in 2011, Ethos Logos Pathos: Ethical Principles and Critical Thinking in Conservation. Contributors to this thoughtful book include Barbara Appelbaum, Thinking Deborah Bede, Gabriëlle Beentjes, James Janowski, Jane E. Klinger, Frank Matero, Salvador Muñoz Viñas, Bill Wei, and George Wheeler. in Conservation in Conservationin A publication of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works Edited by Pamela Hatchfield Ethics & Critical Thinking in Conservation Edited by Pamela Hatchfield American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works The American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works (AIC) promotes the preservation of cultural heritage as a means toward a deeper understanding of our shared humanity—the need to express ourselves through creative achievement in the arts, literature, architecture, and technology. We honor the history and integrity of achievements in the humanities and science through the preservation of cultural materials for future generations. American -
The Reformations
Saskatoon Theological Union HA/HL 112: Part 1 The Reformation Winter, 2013 HA/HL 112: THE STORY OF CHRISTIANITY: Part A: The Reformations Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 1:30 - 2:50 pm. Place: Room 209, Lutheran Theological Seminary (LTS) Instructor: Gordon Jensen, LTS ph. 966-7866 [email protected] Course Description This course picks up the story of Christianity in the late medieval period (the end of the fifteenth century) and carries it through to the end of the sixteenth century. The first part of HA/HL 112 deals with the Reformation movements of the 16th century. The second part, taught by Dr. Sandra Beardsall, will deal with the story of Christianity from the time of the Reformations to the present. The Reformation Era The sixteenth century represents a major watershed in the story of Christianity in the West. We speak of “the Reformations” of the sixteenth century, but what that term means is understood in a variety of ways. Some have seen the Reformations as the triumph of light after centuries of darkness; for others it is the tearing apart of Christ’s body, the church, into many fragments. The first part of the course will seek to address the questions that swirl around the sixteenth century. It will look at backgrounds and try to put the Reformation movements into the context of their time and place. These movements will be seen ultimately in religious terms, but religion itself will be understood as very much a part of the social, economic and political realities of the day. By examining the major developments, personalities and writings of various kinds, we will attempt to shed some light on this period and to lay down some of the basic foundational stones for Christianity in the modern world. -
Protector's Pen July 2015
THE NEWSLETTER OF THE CROMWELL ASSOCIATION The Protector’s Pen Cromwell Day 2015 National Civil War Centre Reformation Wall, Geneva Exhibitions, Book & Play Reviews Vol 17 Issue 2 July 2015 The CROMWELL ASSOCIATION …..promoting our understanding of the 17th century CONTENTS Inside this issue 4 Chairman’s Little Note 3 Cromwell Day 4 Cromwell Association AGM, 2015 5 Samuel Pepys Exhibition 6 National Civil War Centre 7 Magna Carta Exhibition 9 CROMWELL DAY NATIONAL CIVIL WAR CENTRE Reformation Wall, Geneva 11 Play Review 12 Book Review 13 Publications, Exhibitions, Events 12 In the Press 15 Merchandise 16 SAMUEL PEPYS EXHIBITION MAGNA CARTA EXHIBITION GENEVA If you have not received an email from the Association in the last few months, please send your current email address to [email protected] headed ‘Cromwell Association email’, and provide your name and mailing address in the body of the email. The best email addresses for communication with the Association are that of the Chairman [email protected] and for membership and financial enquiries [email protected]. The email address on the website is not an efficient means for members to contact us. Front Cover : Statue of Cromwell outside Houses of President : Peter Gaunt Parliament Chairman : Patrick Little Treasurer : Geoffrey Bush (Courtesy of Membership Officer : Paul Robbins Maxine Forshaw) www.olivercromwell.org Vol 17 Issue 2 July 2015 2 The Cromwell Association is a registered charity. Reg No. : 1132954 The Protector’s Pen Chairman’s Little Note Members of the Cromwell Association at Basing House for the AGM, April 2015 Welcome to the summer issue of The Protector’s Pen. -
Historic Organs of GERMANY May 22-June 4, 2019 14 Days with J
historic organs of GERMANY May 22-June 4, 2019 14 Days with J. Michael Barone Hello, Pipedreams Friends! installation in Naumburg is said to represent Bach’s ‘organ ideal’. We’ll revisit the mighty 1855 Ladegast organ in Merseburg, where I invite you to join me on our next tour, an adventure amidst the Liszt’s masterpieces were premiered, this 80-stop instrument pipe organs of Bach Country…experiencing instruments old and fully restored since our last visit. But we’ll also make first-time new in Saxony and Thuringia. acquaintances with the eclectic 72-stop Rieger organ in Fulda, with its ornate early 18th century case, the first stop on our very Some of you might recall that the very first officialPipedreams Tour first day. We’ll hear the new, eclectic 76-stop Kern organ at the covered much of this territory, but this is not a simple repetition, Marienkirche in Dresden, only a pipe-dream when we visited back nor are we are closing the circle! Future tour plans are already in in 2002. And we’ll also experience the 1723 Wagner organ at St. the works for 2020 and 2021, and this year’s schedule takes us to Mary’s Church in Berlin and the 103-register Ladegast-Eule organ places and includes instruments not previously experienced. at the Nikolaikirche in Leipzig, both now fully recommissioned. Of course, our itinerary will direct us to Eisenach, Bach’s birth- Visits to Bach’s Thomaskirche in Leipzig, the Liszt House in Wei- place; to Erfurt, the home territory of much of the Bach dynasty mar, the Handel House in Halle, the Meissen Porcelain -
Dresden Guide Activities Activities
DRESDEN GUIDE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES Dresden Frauenkirche / Dresdner Frauenkirche New Market / Neumarkt A E The trademark sight of Dresden. This impressive church was re-opened A tribute to human persistence. The area was wiped out during World War only a few years ago after being destroyed during World War II firebomb- II, than re-built in socialist realist style. Only some 20 years ago was the ing. square restored to its pre-war look. An der Frauenkirche 5, 01067 Dresden, Germany Neumarkt, 01067 Dresden, Germany GPS: N51.05197, E13.74160 GPS: N51.05111, E13.74091 Phone: +49 351 656 06 100 Procession of Princes / Fürstenzug F An impressive mural, more than 100 meters long made out of 25,000 Zwinger porcelain tiles depicting the lineage of Saxony princes. A must-see. B The impressive Baroque palace built as a part of a former fort is a Augustusstraße, 01067 Dresden, Germany must-see. It hosts the Old Masters' Gallery among others. GPS: N51.05256, E13.73918 Theaterplatz 1, 01067 Dresden, Germany GPS: N51.05208, E13.73456 Semper Opera House / Semperoper Phone: G +49 351 4914601 A majestic opera house boasting a quality ensemble. A must-see for opera fans, but not only them. The building is worth a visit for its sheer beauty. Theaterplatz 2, 01067 Dresden, Germany Dresden Castle / Residenzschloss C GPS: N51.05422, E13.73553 You will find layers upon layers of different architectural styles on this fasci- Phone: nating palace – the former residence of the Saxon kings. +49 351 49110 Taschenberg 2, 01067 Dresden, Germany GPS: N51.05275, E13.73722 Brühl's Terrace / Brühlsche Terrasse Phone: H +49 351 46676610 A popular promenade located on the bank of Elbe nicknamed the “Balcony of Europe”.