Use of Underwater Acoustics in Marine Conservation and Policy: Previous Advances, Current Status, and Future Needs
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Development of the GEBCO World Bathymetry Grid (Beta Version)
USER GUIDE TO THE GEBCO ONE MINUTE GRID Contents 1. Introduction 2. Developers of regional grids 3. Gridding method 4. Assessing the quality of the grid 5. Limitations of the GEBCO One Minute Grid 6. Grid format 7. Terms of use Appendix A Review of the problems of generating a gridded data set from the GEBCO Digital Atlas contours Appendix B Version 2.0 of the GEBCO One Minute Grid (November 2008) Please note that the GEBCO One Minute Grid is made available as an historical data set. There is no intention to further develop or update this data set. For information on the latest versions of GEBCO’s global bathymetric data sets, please visit the GEBCO web site: www.gebco.net. Acknowledgements This document was originally prepared by Andrew Goodwillie (Formerly of Scripps Institution of Oceanography) in collaboration with other members of the informal Gridding Working Group of the GEBCO Sub-Committee on Digital Bathymetry (now called the Technical Sub-Committee on Ocean Mapping (TSCOM)). Originally released in 2003, this document has been updated to include information about version 2.0 of the GEBCO One Minute Grid, released in November 2008. Generation of the grid was co-ordinated by Michael Carron with major input provided by the gridding efforts of Bill Rankin and Lois Varnado at the US Naval 1 Oceanographic Office, Andrew Goodwillie and Peter Hunter. Significant regional contributions were also provided by Martin Jakobsson (University of Stockholm), Ron Macnab (Geological Survey of Canada (retired)), Hans-Werner Schenke (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research), John Hall (Geological Survey of Israel (retired)) and Ian Wright (formerly of the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research). -
Barotropic Tide in the Northeast South China Sea
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Faculty and Researcher Publications Faculty and Researcher Publications 2004-10 Barotropic Tide in the Northeast South China Sea Beardsley, Robert C. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School Vol.29, no.4, October 2004 http://hdl.handle.net/10945/35040 IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING, VOL. 29, NO. 4, OCTOBER 2004 1075 Barotropic Tide in the Northeast South China Sea Robert C. Beardsley, Timothy F. Duda, James F. Lynch, Senior Member, IEEE, James D. Irish, Steven R. Ramp, Ching-Sang Chiu, Tswen Yung Tang, Ying-Jang Yang, and Guohong Fang Abstract—A moored array deployed across the shelf break in data using satellite advanced very high-resolution radiometer, the northeast South China Sea during April–May 2001 collected altimeter, and other microwave sensors [8]. sufficient current and pressure data to allow estimation of the The SCS study area was centered over the shelf break near barotropic tidal currents and energy fluxes at five sites ranging in depth from 350 to 71 m. The tidal currents in this area were 21 55 N, 117 20 E, approximately 370 km west of the mixed, with the diurnal O1 and K1 currents dominant over the southern tip of Taiwan (Fig. 1). This area was chosen in part upper slope and the semidiurnal M2 current dominant over the for three reasons: 1) large-amplitude high-frequency internal shelf. The semidiurnal S2 current also increased onshelf (north- waves generated near the Luzon Strait propagate through the ward), but was always weaker than O1 and K1. -
Ocean Acoustic Tomography: a Missing Element of the Ocean Observing System
UACE2017 - 4th Underwater Acoustics Conference and Exhibition OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY: A MISSING ELEMENT OF THE OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM Brian Dushawa, John Colosib, Timothy Dudac, Matthew Dzieciuchd, Bruce Howee, Arata Kanekof, Hanne Sagena, Emmanuel Skarsoulisg, Xiaohua Zhuh aNansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Thormøhlens gate 47, 5006 Bergen, NORWAY bNaval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Road, Monterey, CA 93943 USA cApplied Ocean Physics and Engineering, MS 11, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA dScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego 92093-0225 USA eOcean and Resources Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu HI 96822 USA fInstitute of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, JAPAN 739-8511 gFoundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 1385, GR-71110 Heraklion, GREECE hSecond Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou, CHINA 310012 Brian Dushaw, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Thormøhlens gate 47, 5006 Bergen, NORWAY fax: (+47) 55 20 58 01, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Ocean acoustic tomography now has a long history with many observations and experiments that highlight the unique capabilities of this approach to detecting and understanding ocean variability. Examples include observations of deep mixing in the Greenland Sea, mode-1 internal tides radiating far into the ocean interior (coherent in time and space), relative vorticity on multiple scales, basin-wide and antipodal measures of temperature, barotropic currents, coastal processes in shallow water, and Arctic climate change. Despite the capabilities, tomography, and its simplified form thermometry, are not yet core observations within the Ocean Observing Systems (OOS). -
Mapping Bathymetry
Doctoral thesis in Marine Geoscience Meddelanden från Stockholms universitets institution för geologiska vetenskaper Nº 344 Mapping bathymetry From measurement to applications Benjamin Hell 2011 Department of Geological Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Sciences Abstract Surface elevation is likely the most fundamental property of our planet. In contrast to land topography, bathymetry, its underwater equivalent, remains uncertain in many parts of the World ocean. Bathymetry is relevant for a wide range of research topics and for a variety of societal needs. Examples, where knowing the exact water depth or the morphology of the seafloor is vital include marine geology, physical oceanography, the propagation of tsunamis and documenting marine habitats. Decisions made at administrative level based on bathymetric data include safety of maritime navigation, spatial planning along the coast, environmental protection and the exploration of the marine resources. This thesis covers different aspects of ocean mapping from the collec- tion of echo sounding data to the application of Digital Bathymetric Models (DBMs) in Quaternary marine geology and physical oceano- graphy. Methods related to DBM compilation are developed, namely a flexible handling and storage solution for heterogeneous sounding data and a method for the interpolation of such data onto a regular lattice. The use of bathymetric data is analyzed in detail for the Baltic Sea. With the wide range of applications found, the needs of the users are varying. However, most applications would benefit from better depth data than what is presently available. Based on glaciogenic landforms found in the Arctic Ocean seafloor morphology, a possible scenario for Quaternary Arctic Ocean glaciation is developed. -
Tidal Hydrodynamic Response to Sea Level Rise and Coastal Geomorphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2015 Tidal hydrodynamic response to sea level rise and coastal geomorphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Davina Passeri University of Central Florida Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Passeri, Davina, "Tidal hydrodynamic response to sea level rise and coastal geomorphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 1429. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/1429 TIDAL HYDRODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO SEA LEVEL RISE AND COASTAL GEOMORPHOLOGY IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO by DAVINA LISA PASSERI B.S. University of Notre Dame, 2010 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2015 Major Professor: Scott C. Hagen © 2015 Davina Lisa Passeri ii ABSTRACT Sea level rise (SLR) has the potential to affect coastal environments in a multitude of ways, including submergence, increased flooding, and increased shoreline erosion. Low-lying coastal environments such as the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) are particularly vulnerable to the effects of SLR, which may have serious consequences for coastal communities as well as ecologically and economically significant estuaries. -
Soundscape Ecology
Soundscape Ecology “Over increasingly large areas of the United States, spring now comes unheralded by the return of the birds, and the early mornings are strangely silent where once they were filled with the beauty of bird song.” Rachel Carson – The Silent Spring 1962 Dr. Bryan Pijanowski Department of Forestry & Natural Resources Overview 1. What is a soundscape? 2. Play example soundscapes (5-8 recordings) 3. Describe how we measure soundscapes 4. Summarize some of our research surrounding Purdue University 5. Describe the role of engineers in research like this 1. WHAT IS A SOUNDSCAPE? Biophony – sounds created by biological Soundscapes organisms, mostly insects, amphibians, birds and mammals. Signals carry information and are thus complex. Geophony – sounds from the movement of wind and water. Driven mostly by climate. Running streams, rain and wind. Anthrophony – sounds by human-made objects such as machines, friction from road noise, bells, sirens. Definitions of Soundscapes • R. Murray Schafer (1994): “the soundscape is any acoustic field of study… We can isolate an acoustic environment as a field of study just as we can study the characteristics of a given landscape. However, it is less easy to formulate an exact impression of a soundscape than of a landscape” (p. 7). • Bernie Krause (1987, 2002): all of the sounds (biophony, geophony and anthrophony) present in an environment at a given time, soundscape as a finite resource-competing for spectral space (acoustic niche hypothesis). What it is not • Bioacoustics: traditionally focused on species specific traits or a single group of organisms – this is a 70 year old field of study • Noise research: examining how noise is created in human-dominated areas 2. -
The Psychophysiological Implications of Soundscape: a Systematic Review of Empirical Literature and a Research Agenda
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review The Psychophysiological Implications of Soundscape: A Systematic Review of Empirical Literature and a Research Agenda Mercede Erfanian * , Andrew J. Mitchell , Jian Kang * and Francesco Aletta UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett, University College London (UCL), Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK; [email protected] (A.J.M.); [email protected] (F.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.E.); [email protected] (J.K.); Tel.: +44-(0)20-3108-7338 (J.K.) Received: 16 September 2019; Accepted: 19 September 2019; Published: 21 September 2019 Abstract: The soundscape is defined by the International Standard Organization (ISO) 12913-1 as the human’s perception of the acoustic environment, in context, accompanying physiological and psychological responses. Previous research is synthesized with studies designed to investigate soundscape at the ‘unconscious’ level in an effort to more specifically conceptualize biomarkers of the soundscape. This review aims firstly, to investigate the consistency of methodologies applied for the investigation of physiological aspects of soundscape; secondly, to underline the feasibility of physiological markers as biomarkers of soundscape; and finally, to explore the association between the physiological responses and the well-founded psychological components of the soundscape which are continually advancing. For this review, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and -
Ocean Basin Bathymetry & Plate Tectonics
13 September 2018 MAR 110 HW- 3: - OP & PT 1 Homework #3 Ocean Basin Bathymetry & Plate Tectonics 3-1. THE OCEAN BASIN The world’s oceans cover 72% of the Earth’s surface. The bathymetry (depth distribution) of the interconnected ocean basins has been sculpted by the process known as plate tectonics. For example, the bathymetric profile (or cross-section) of the North Atlantic Ocean basin in Figure 3- 1 has many features of a typical ocean basins which is bordered by a continental margin at the ocean’s edge. Starting at the coast, there is a slight deepening of the sea floor as we cross the continental shelf. At the shelf break, the sea floor plunges more steeply down the continental slope; which transitions into the less steep continental rise; which itself transitions into the relatively flat abyssal plain. The continental shelf is the seaward edge of the continent - extending from the beach to the shelf break, with typical depths ranging from 130 m to 200 m. The seafloor of the continental shelf is gently sloping with undulating surfaces - sometimes interrupted by hills and valleys (see Figure 3- 2). Sediments - derived from the weathering of the continental mountain rocks - are delivered by rivers to the continental shelf and beyond. Over wide continental shelves, the sea floor slopes are 1° to 2°, which is virtually flat. Over narrower continental shelves, the sea floor slopes are somewhat steeper. The continental slope connects the continental shelf to the deep ocean with typical depths of 2 to 3 km. While the bottom slope of a typical continental slope region appears steep in the 13 September 2018 MAR 110 HW- 3: - OP & PT 2 vertically-exaggerated valleys pictured (see Figure 3-2), they are typically quite gentle with modest angles of only 4° to 6°. -
OCEANS ´09 IEEE Bremen
11-14 May Bremen Germany Final Program OCEANS ´09 IEEE Bremen Balancing technology with future needs May 11th – 14th 2009 in Bremen, Germany Contents Welcome from the General Chair 2 Welcome 3 Useful Adresses & Phone Numbers 4 Conference Information 6 Social Events 9 Tourism Information 10 Plenary Session 12 Tutorials 15 Technical Program 24 Student Poster Program 54 Exhibitor Booth List 57 Exhibitor Profiles 63 Exhibit Floor Plan 94 Congress Center Bremen 96 OCEANS ´09 IEEE Bremen 1 Welcome from the General Chair WELCOME FROM THE GENERAL CHAIR In the Earth system the ocean plays an important role through its intensive interactions with the atmosphere, cryo- sphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Energy and material are continually exchanged at the interfaces between water and air, ice, rocks, and sediments. In addition to the physical and chemical processes, biological processes play a significant role. Vast areas of the ocean remain unexplored. Investigation of the surface ocean is carried out by satellites. All other observations and measurements have to be carried out in-situ using research vessels and spe- cial instruments. Ocean observation requires the use of special technologies such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), towed camera systems etc. Seismic methods provide the foundation for mapping the bottom topography and sedimentary structures. We cordially welcome you to the international OCEANS ’09 conference and exhibition, to the world’s leading conference and exhibition in ocean science, engineering, technology and management. OCEANS conferences have become one of the largest professional meetings and expositions devoted to ocean sciences, technology, policy, engineering and education. -
On Ocean Waveguide Acoustics
BOOKREVIEW ___________________________________________________ GEORGE V. FRISK ON OCEAN WAVEGUIDE ACOUSTICS acoustic waves with multilayered media is also an ac ACOUSTIC WAVEGUIDES: APPLICATIONS TO OCEANIC SCIENCE tive area of research in underwater acoustics. By C. Allen Boyles, Principal Professional Staff, In recent years, the inverse problem of determining The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory oceanographic properties from acoustic measurements Published by John Wiley & Son, New York, 1984. 321 pp. $46.95 has become increasingly important and has given rise to the term "acoustical oceanography," a variant of "ocean acoustics" that emphasizes the oceanograph ic implications of acoustic experiments. A major de The field of ocean acoustics is an active area of the velopment in this area is time-of-flight acoustic oretical and experimental research, with a continual tomography in which front and eddy intensity and ly expanding body of literature in research journals variability over hundreds of kilometers are measured and textbooks. Boyles' book is a welcome addition to acoustically. In ocean-bottom acoustics, direct inverse the literature and provides a useful text for both stu methods are being developed that utilize some mea dents and practitioners in the field. surement of the acoustic field, such as the plane wave Although electromagnetic waves are strongly ab reflection coefficient of the bottom, as direct input to sorbed by water, acoustic waves can, under the prop algorithms for determining the acoustic properties of er conditions, propagate over hundreds, even thou the bottom. This approach is to be contrasted with sands, of miles through the ocean. As a result, sound conventional techniques in which forward models for waves and sonar assume the major role in the ocean computing the acoustic field are run for different bot that electromagnetic waves and radar play in the at tom properties until best fits to the data are obtained. -
An Educational Guide to :Nature's Orchestra
An Educational Guide to: Generously supported by: Sounds in Nature Sound is a dynamic and ever-present component of all 1 landscapes . The sounds found in natural ecosystems have been linked to the health and environmental quality of those ecosystems since the publication of Rachel Carson’s 1 pioneering work Silent Spring in 1962 . What is a Soundscape? A “soundscape” is made up of all the sounds found 2 "Every soundscape we hear in a in a particular environment . wild habitat generates its own Those sounds are divided into three major 1 unique signature" - Bernie Krause categories : Biophany - sounds made by living things Check Out: Geophany - nonbiological sounds made by things like wind, rain and thunder The Center for Global Soundscapes www.centerforglobalsoundscapes.org Anthrophony - sounds caused by humans What is Soundscape Ecology? Soundscape ecology can be described as the combination of all sounds (including the biophany, geophany and anthropony) made within a specified landscape that together create sound patterns 1 unique to the time and place . What Can We Learn From Soundscape Ecology? 3 The structure of a landscape, is intricately connected to the soundscape it produces . That soundscape can help indicate not only the types of species present and their population sizes, but can also illustrate the impacts of human-produced sounds on the ecosystem3 . The monitoring of a specific soundscape over time can indicate ecosystem changes such as biodiversity loss, the introduction of new and invasive species, as well as changes in animal behaviours3 . References: 1. Pijanowski, B. C., & Farina, A. (2011). Introduction to the special issue on soundscape ecology. -
Christopher Bassett Dept
Christopher Bassett Dept. of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Phone: (508) 289-3891 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Email: [email protected] Woods Hole, Massachusetts Education 2013 Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington 2010 M.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington 2007 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Professional Experience 2013-pres. Postdoctoral Scholar, Department of Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2009-2013 Graduate Research Assistant, Mechanical Engineering/Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington 2008-2009 Teaching Assistant, Department of Physics, University of Minnesota Research Interests Passive acoustics - Measurements and modeling of vessel noise - Mapping and modeling course-grained sediment transport Broadband acoustic scattering - Scattering from rough surfaces - Discrimination and quantification of targets near interfaces - Acoustic remote sensing of sea ice and oil spills in/under sea ice - Scattering from marine organisms - Broadband scattering from suspended sediment Marine hydrokinetic energy (MHK) - Radiated noise measurements and acoustic impacts modeling of MHK devices - Instrumentation for environmental impacts monitoring around MHK devices Peer-Reviewed Publications J.1 Polayge, B., C. Bassett, M. Holt, J. Wood, and S. Barr (under revision). Estimated detection of tidal turbine operating noise in Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, Washington, Journal of Oceanic Engineering. J.2 Bassett, C., A.C. Lavery, T. Maksym, and J. Wilkinson (2015). Laboratory measurements of high-frequency, acoustic broadband backscattering from sea ice and crude oil, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 137(1), EL32-EL38. J.3 Bassett, C., J. Thomson, P. Dahl and B. Polagye (2014). Flow-noise and turbulence in two tidal channels, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 135(4), 1764-1774.